Test bank for american government power and purpose 11th edition by lowi ginsberg shepsle and ansolabehere

The Virginia Plan provided greater representation in the national legislature for larger and/or wealthier states, which disadvantaged the small statesa. The question of counting slaves f

Test Bank for American Government Power and Purpose 11th Edition by Theodore J.Lowi, Benjamin Ginsberg, Kenneth A.Shepsle and Stephen Ansolabehere

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CHAPTER 2 Constructing a Government: The Founding and the Constitution

CONCEPT MAP

I The First Founding: Pre-Constitutional Government

a British taxes and colonial interests

i Sectors of society with stakes in colonial

4 Organized resistance as collective action

5 First Continental Congress

b Political strife and colonial radicalism

i Boston Tea Party

ii British reactions to the Tea Party

c Declaration of Independence

d Articles of Confederation

i Weak organization

ii Confederation—sovereignty in states

II The Second Founding: Creating the Constitution

1 Beard’s economic interpretation

2 Philosophical concerns

ii Great Compromise

1 Virginia plan vs New Jersey plan

2 Representation conflict

iii Three-fifths Compromise

1 Slavery in the Constitution

2 Counting slaves for representation

III The Constitution

i Powers of the executive

ii Enables decisive action

c Judicial branch

i Powers of the judicial branch

ii Judicial review

iii Life tenure

d National unity and power

i.Supremacy clause

ii Interstate relations

e.Constitutional limits on federal power

i.Goals of the Constitution

ii Separation of powers

1 Checks and balances

i.The Bill of Rights

ii Purposes of the amendments

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 In reaction to English legislative attempts in 1765 to extract tax revenue to pay for the troops that were being sent to defend the colonial frontier, protests erupted throughout the colonies against the infamous:

2 During the period leading to the Revolutionary War, England justified increased taxes because:

a the East India Company needed government support to deliver products to the colonies

b the British government accrued large debts in defense of the colonies

c they needed to supplement the low salaries in the House of Commons

d they needed to compensate for travel expenses of colonial representatives to parliament in England

c Influential interest groups supported the colonial taxes

d Money raised from the taxes was intended to be used to pacify revolutionary citizens in the colonies

KEY: British taxation (I.a.ii)

DIF: Moderate

REF: Pages 30–31

5 To show their displeasure with the Stamp Act of 1765, colonists in Boston:

a stormed Bunker Hill and took over its fort

b organized demonstrations and a boycott of British goods

c dumped tea into the harbor in what became known as the Boston Tea Party

d killed twelve British soldiers in what became known as the Boston Massacre

c tariffs and duties

d voluntary citizen donations—usually from elite property owners

b artisans and laborers

c holders of royal land offices and patents

d New England merchants and southern planters

9 In the chain of events leading up to the American Revolution, the radical forces were permitted

to expand their political influence because the colonial elites were split by:

a disagreement over slavery

b western boundary disputes

c a lack of common currency

d British tax and trade policies

a the New England merchants

b holders of lands, offices, and patents

c the southern planters and ship builders

d shopkeepers, laborers, and small farmers

a Boston Massacre

b Tuesday butchery

c Boston Tea Party

d Tragedy of the commons

14 Why did the colonists organize and participate in the Boston Tea Party of 1773?

a as a response to the unjustness of the Stamp Act

b as a response to military seizure of tea and other agricultural goods in Boston harbor

c as a response to the British granting the East India Company a monopoly on the export of tea from Britain

d as a response to the withdrawal of military protection from commercial ships sailing to the Americas

a Boston Tea Party

b attack on Fort Sill

17 The ultimate goal of participants in the Boston Tea Party was to:

a rescind the Tea Act

b rescind the Stamp Act

c close Boston harbor to British commerce

d alienate the British government from its colonial supporters

ANS: D

NOT: Factual

KEY: Boston Tea Party (I.b.i)

DIF: Moderate

REF: Page 35

18 By dumping the East India Company’s tea into Boston Harbor, Samuel Adams and his followers pressured the British into enacting a number of harsh reprisals that:

a radicalized Americans to resist British rule

b effectively ended the slave trade in the northern states

c temporarily softened public support for revolutionary forces

d benefited southern planters at the expense of New England merchants

a First Colonial Convention

b First Continental Congress

c Boston Confederated Congress

d Philadelphia Constitutional Convention

a the collective action problem

b the institutions principle

c the history principle

d the revolutionary organization conundrum

22 The Declaration of Independence was remarkable for its assertion that there are certain

unalienable rights including:

a life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

b due process and equal protection under the law

c justice, domestic tranquility, and general welfare

d the freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and freedom of speech

23 In November of 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the United States’ first written

constitution It was known as the:

24 The result of the 1777 Continental Congress was a constitution concerned primarily with:

a preventing domestic insurrection

b limiting the powers of the central government

c generating new tax revenues to help pay for armed resistance

d regulating trade among the colonies as well as imports and exports

a the United States under the original Constitution of 1787

b the United States today under the Constitution of 1787 as amended

c the United Nations and its member states

d the United Kingdom

responded that it would:

a set a blockade around Boston harbor

b relinquish control over the lands to the west

c negotiate with each of the thirteen states separately

d require war reparations before signing any new treaty

shopkeepers, frightened businessmen and property owners throughout the country by

instituting:

a free trade policies

b economic policies including drastic currency inflation

c generous agricultural subsidies and severely protective tariffs

d eminent domain activities for an extensive statewide park system

29 The one positive result of the Annapolis Convention was a resolution calling for:

a a declaration of independence from England

b a boycott of tea, linens, and other goods from England

c ratification of the new Constitution of the United States

d a later meeting in Philadelphia to reform the Articles of Confederation

a Shays’s Rebellion

b the Boston Massacre

c the Boston Tea Party

d the hanging in effigy of the tax man

a open up western territories for expansion

b prevent foreclosures on debt-ridden farm lands

c release certain British loyalists from captivity as prisoners of war

d receive full military pensions for service in the Revolutionary War

c the dominant philosophical and moral values of the day

d political party identification

38 The proposal to alter the Articles of Confederation by providing for a system of representation

in the national legislature based on the population of each state or the proportion of each state’s revenue contribution, or both, was known as the:

a Virginia Plan

b New Jersey Plan

c Connecticut Plan

d Massachusetts Plan

39 Why did the smaller states object to the Virginia Plan?

a Roger Sherman and other small state delegates disliked Madison and Randolph and did not want them to receive recognition for advancing the Virginia Plan

b In accordance with the institutions principle, small states wanted to maintain the existing

institutions (the Articles of Confederation) but the institutions principle does not apply to large states

c The Virginia Plan provided greater representation in the national legislature for larger and/or wealthier states, which disadvantaged the small states

d The small states tended to be from the North and objected to the strong proslavery content in the Virginia Plan

42 The question of counting slaves for purposes of representation was ultimately resolved by:

a counting slaves just as nonslaves for purposes of representation

b counting every five slaves as three people for purposes of representation

c counting every four slaves as three people for purposes of representation

d counting every two slaves as one person for purposes of representation

43 The issue of counting slaves for purposes of representation was settled by:

a the Great Compromise

b the Virginia Plan

c the Three-Fifths Compromise

d the seventh amendment

45 The political significance of the Great Compromise and the Three-fifths Compromise was to:

a confirm the immorality of slavery

b affirm the principle of checks and balances

c support the unalienable rights of individuals

d reinforce the unity of the mercantile and planter forces

47 The state legislature of Georgia, known as the Georgia General Assembly, with its upper chamber (the Georgia Senate) and lower chamber (the Georgia House of Representatives) is an institution that exemplifies the principle of:

a existence of two sovereign levels of government

b division of legislative assembly into two chambers

c allocation of two senators per each state regardless of population

d election of members of the House of Representatives every two years

d the state delegation to the House of Representatives

DIF: Moderate

REF: Page 47

56 The framers intended an active and powerful government, so they included language to signify that the enumerated powers were meant to be a source of strength to the national government, not a limitation on it This “elastic clause” is most commonly known as the:

a national supremacy clause

b separation of powers clause

c necessary and proper clause

d privileges and immunities clause

b direct oversight by independent departments

c an indirect election through the electoral college

d a limitation of only two consecutive terms in office

a recognize foreign countries

b exert informal influence with the judiciary

c grant reprieves and pardons

d issue executive orders

ANS: C

NOT: Applied

KEY: Powers of the executive (III.b.i)

DIF: Easy

REF: Page 48

60 Which of the following is NOT a power that the president can exercise unilaterally (without the approval of Congress)?

a the power to grant reprieves and pardons

b the power to accept ambassadors

c the power to veto legislation

d the power to declare war

62 The power of the courts to render the final decision in cases involving a conflict of

interpretation of the Constitution or of laws between the courts and Congress, the courts and the executive branch, or the courts and the states is referred to as:

a the Seventeenth Amendment

b the power of judicial review

c the power of ultimate interpretation

d the principle of judicial supremacy

64 In order to protect federal judges from political influence from citizens and other branches, the framers:

a ordered that federal judges be selected in democratic elections

b prohibited the selection of federal judges that share the sitting president’s party identification

c granted federal judges lifetime appointments to their offices

d prohibited Congress from impeaching federal judges

b judicial review clause

c full faith and credit clause

d necessary and proper clause

a the citizen must serve the state

b power must be used to balance power

c the accused are innocent until proven guilty

d national powers must be delegated to the states

a greater centralization of power

b eliminating the power of state governments

c increasing sovereignty of state governments

d weakening the power of the national government

70 In the system devised by the framers of the Constitution, sovereignty was vested in:

a the federal government only

b state governments only

c both the federal and state governments

b approved almost unanimously

c incorporated as part of the full faith and credit clause after lengthy debate

d included in the section enumerating the powers of the national government with little floor debate

a The delegates thought rights should be guaranteed to the states, not to individual citizens

b The delegates thought that the federal government was already limited to its expressed powers so

a bill of rights was unnecessary

c The rights of citizens were a secondary concern to the delegates’ personal self-interest

d A bill of rights would have required granting equal rights to women, which the delegates found to

be politically unsavory

c The Federalist Papers

d The Democracy Dialogues

a Neither the Federalists nor the Antifederalists cared a great deal about representative democracy

b Antifederalists thought that representation was critical and could best be achieved in small republics while Federalists thought representatives did not need to perfectly represent the views

of their constituents

c Federalists thought that representation was critical and could best be achieved in small republics while Antifederalists thought representatives did not need to perfectly represent the views of their constituents

d Both the Federalists and Antifederalists thought that representation in the form of catering to public preferences was vitally important

a large with diverse interests

b small with diverse interests

c large with common interests

d small with common interests

77 The Antifederalists perceived the danger of tyranny to be posed most severely by:

a small numbers of individuals in positions of authority

b majorities that wished to impose their will on minorities

c the House of Representatives

d direct democracy provisions like the initiative or referendum

79 Except for one, all of the amendments that have been added to the Constitution have passed in:

a the House and Senate by two-thirds vote; then were ratified by a majority vote of the legislatures

of three-fourths of the states

b the House and Senate by two-thirds vote; then were ratified by conventions called for the purpose

in three-fourths of the states

c a national convention called by Congress in response to petitions by two-thirds of the states and ratified by a majority vote of the legislatures of three-fourths of the states

d a national convention called by Congress in a response to petitions by two-thirds of the states and ratified by conventions called for the purpose in three-fourths of the states

a pass in either the House or Senate with a simple majority

b pass in both the House and Senate with a simple majority

c pass in either the House or Senate with a two-thirds majority

d pass in both the House and Senate with a two-thirds majority

ANS: D