Instructor manual for physical examination and health assessment canadian 2nd edition by jarvis

Link full download: https://getbooksolutions.com/download/instructor- manual-for-physical-examination-and-health-assessment-canadian-2nd-edition-by-jarvis Jarvis: Physical Examination &

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manual-for-physical-examination-and-health-assessment-canadian-2nd-edition-by-jarvis

Jarvis: Physical Examination & Health Assessment, 2nd Canadian

Edition

Chapter 02: Health Promotion in the Context of Health Assessment

Instructor’s Manual

ANNOTATED LEARNING OUTCOMES

After completing this chapter, the student will do the following:

Discuss the concept of health promotion

In the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, health promotion is defined as “the process

of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health” (WHO, 1986, p.1) This illustrates a shift in power from health care providers to consumers of health care and their communities

Discuss the concept of disease prevention

Disease prevention is characterized by three levels; primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention

Primary prevention focuses on preventing people from getting ill, sick, or injured

in the first place (e.g., teaching about smoking in schools) Secondary prevention focuses

on the early detection of disease before symptoms emerge (e.g., mammography, testicular self-examination, Pap test) Tertiary prevention is the implementation of complication-reducing activities after the disease has been diagnosed (e.g., cardiac rehabilitation, limiting second-hand smoke exposure for person with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Identify the social determinants of health

The social determinants of health are factors that have been identified as being influential

to an individual’s health The determinants of health include: the socioeconomic

environment (includes income, social status, social support networks, education,

employment, and social environments), the physical environment, healthy childhood development, personal health practices, individual capacity and coping skills, biology and genetics, health services, gender, and culture Inquiry into the determinants of health occurs during the health assessment

Identify the five principles underpinning health promotion activities

Five principles underpin the development and implementation of health promotion

activities Health promotion activities (1) involve the population as a whole in the context

of their everyday lives, (2) are directed toward action on the social determinants of

health, (3) combine diverse but complementary methods, (4) aim at effective and

concrete public participation, and (5) are nurtured and enabled by health care providers,

particularly in primary health care

Identify important topics to be discussed during counselling activities

Injury prevention, diet, exercise, sexual health, substance use, dental health, anticipatory

guidance, and primary prevention of specific cancers are important to discuss during

health encounters

Discuss the importance of screening

Screening fosters early detection of conditions and diseases, and is possible when

sensitive and effective tools are available The decision to screen is based on the

prevalence of the disease in the population, and is only reasonable when the prevalence is

relatively high in a specific age group, gender, or ethnic population

Identify tools used to assess developmental tasks

Several provinces use the Nipissing District Developmental Screen (NDDS) to assess

children’s development Other tools to assess development in children are presented in

the chapter

KEY TERMS

Health promotion

“Moving upstream”

Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM)

Primary prevention

Screening

Secondary prevention

Social determinants of health

Tertiary prevention

TEACHING STRATEGIES

 Have students develop a primary prevention activity

 In groups, have students develop and present a secondary prevention activity

 Have students identify tertiary prevention services in your community

 Use an available or new scenario or case study to help students identify

determinants of health and their impact on health

 Using available or new scenarios or case studies, ask students to identify

appropriate nursing diagnoses

 Have students discuss their perspectives on immunization, and identify arguments

for and against it

 Invite a public health nurse to class to discuss the assessment of developmental

tasks in children and the use of specific tools

 Have pairs of students create and role-play health encounters Ask the other

students in the class to identify counselling activities

CRITICAL THINKING EXERCISES

Application to Clinical Practice

For each situation described below, have students identify the need for health promotion

and disease prevention They should identify appropriate health promotion activities and

the level of disease prevention the problem represents

 G.S recently emigrated from Nigeria He works two jobs in order to save money

to bring his family to Canada He has untreated hypertension

 B.W is the mother of an 18-month-old girl She visits the public health clinic for

a developmental assessment of her child

 E.B is a 32-year-old man who has recently diagnosed with asthma, and who has

been smoking for the past 10 years During a health visit, he expresses a desire to

quit smoking

 J.B., a 69-year-old farmer, is admitted to the hospital for chest pain He is

overweight and has been financially strapped since his last crop was destroyed by

a flood

 K.L, 53 years old, has gained 22 pounds in the last year Her older sister and

brother both have type 2 diabetes

 J.T is a 16-year-old homeless girl who comes to the prenatal clinic for follow-up

care

WEB SITES OF INTEREST

Canadian Best Practices Portal—http://www.cbpp-pcpe.phac-aspc.gc.ca

Canadian Consortium for Health Promotion Research—

http://www.utoronto.ca/chp/CCHPR

Health Canada— http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca

Public Health Agency of Canada— http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca hp-ps

OPEN-BOOK QUIZ

Chapter 2: Health Promotion in the Context of Health Assessment

Complete the following crossword puzzle

CLUES

2 “Not merely the absence of disease” 1 Tertiary prevention following myocardial

infarction

4 Socioeconomic environment determinant of health 3 Health promotion model developer

5 Secondary-prevention activity for women

6 Primary-prevention activity

7 Preventing people becoming ill in the first place

8 “The process of enabling people to increase control

over and to improve their health”

9 Childhood developmental screening tool