210 câu trắc nghiệm đọc hiểu đề mega file word có lời giải chi tiết image marked image marked

Question 9: According to the passage the first fire used by people was probably obtained _______.. people did not use any form of lighting in their houses Question 12: The word “splend

Đọc hiểu The Hindu culture celebrates marriage as a pure and pristine rite enabling two individuals start their journey of life together It puts emphasis on the values of happiness, harmony and growth and could be traced back from the Vedic times

Months before the wedding ceremony, an engagement is held which is called “magni” The

couple is blessed here with gifts, jewelry and clothes Another important ritual is the “mehendi”

which is a paste made from the leaves of henna plant It is the traditional art of adorning the

hands and the feet of the bride with mehendi and the name of the groom is also hidden in the design

On the day of marriage, the couple exchanges garlands as a gesture of acceptance of one another and a pledge to respect one another as partners which is known as «jaimala» This is followed by «jaimala», where the father of the bride places her hand in the groom’s hand

requesting him to accept her as an equal partner

Another ritual is the «havan» in which the couple invokes Agni, the god of Fire, to witness

their commitment to each other Crushed sandalwood, herbs, sugar rice and oil are offered to the ceremonial fire The “gath bandhan” takes place where scarves of the bride and groom are tied together symbolizing their eternal bond This signifies their pledge before God to love each other and remain loyal The couple then takes four “mangal pheras” or walk around the ceremonial fire, representing four goals in life: “Dharma”, religious and moral duties; “Artha”, prosperity;

“Kama” earthly pleasures; “Moksha”, spiritual salvation

The couple also takes seven steps together to begin their journey, called the “saptapardi” Then the ritual of “sindoor” takes place where the groom applies a small dot of vermilion, a red powder to the bride’s forehead and welcomes her as his partner for life This signifies the

completion of the marriage The parents of the bride and the groom then give their blessings,

“ashirwad” to the newly wed couple as they touch the feet of their parents

Question 1: What might be the most suitable title for this reading passage?

A The Hindu culture B The Hindu religion

C The Hindu wedding D The Hindu tradition

Question 2: What does the word “magni” stand for?

A the wedding

B the paste made from the leave of one another

C the engagement

D the gesture of acceptance oi one another

Question 3: What do the Hindu people think about marriage?

A It is entirely a spiritual traditional ritual allowing two individuals to live together

B It is a belief in the growth of a family newly formed by two individuals

C It is a wish of happiness and harmony to come to two individuals

D It is just a living-together announcement of two individuals

Question 4: What can the word adorning be best replaced by?

A decorating B painting C repairing D dying

Question 5: What can the word invokes be best replaced by?

Question 6: Why does the couple exchange garlands?

A to do a ritual

B to show both their acceptance of and the swear to respect the partner

C to express their acceptance of one another and a wish of happiness

D to express their vow to respect each other for the whole life

Question 7: When is the wedding ceremony completed?

A When the parents ot the bride and the groom give their blessings to the couple

B When the couple touches their parents’ feet

C When the couple makes seven steps together

D When the groom applies a small dot of vermillion of the brides forehead

It is hard to think of a world without gas or electricity Both are commonly used for lighting and heating today We now can instantly flick a lighter or strike a match to make a flame But it was not long ago that there were no such things as matches or lighters To make fire, it was necessary to strike a piece of iron on flint for sparks to ignite some tinder If the tinder was damp, or the flint old, you had to borrow some fire from a neighbor

We do not know exactly when or how people first used fire Perhaps, many ages ago, they

found that sticks would burn if they were dropped into some hole where melted lava from a

volcano lay boiling They brought the lighted sticks back to make their fire in a cave Or, they may have seen trees catch fire through being struck by lightning, and used the trees to start their own fires

Gradually people learned they could start a fire without traveling far to find flames They rubbed two pieces ot wood together This method was used for thousands of years

When people became used to making fires with which to cook food and stay warm at night, they found that certain resins or gums from trees burnt longer and brighter They melted resins and dipped branches in the liquid to make torches that lit their homes at night Iron stands in which torches used to be fixed can still be seen in old buildings of Europe

There was no lighting in city streets until gas lamps, and then electric lamps were installed Boys ran about London at night carrying torches of burning material They were called torch boys, or link boys, and earned a living by guiding visitors to friends’ houses at night

For centuries homes were lit by candles until oil was found Even then, oil lamps were no more effective than a cluster of candles We read about the splendors and marvels of ancient

palaces and castles, but we forget that they must have been gloomy and murky places at night Question 8: What does “they” refer to?

Question 9: According to the passage the first fire used by people was probably obtained

_

A from the suns heat through glass B by rubbing wood together

C from heat or fire caused by nature D by striking iron against flint

Question 10: It is stated in the passage that torches for lighting were made from

A the wood of gum trees B iron bars dipped in melted resins

C wooden poles dipped in oil D tree branches dipped in melted resins Question 11: It is mentioned in the passage that before the electric lamp was invented,

A oil lamps and then candles were used

B candles and oil lamps appeared about the same time

C candles and then oil lamps were used

D people did not use any form of lighting in their houses

Question 12: The word “splendors” in the passage could be best replaced by which of the

following?

A expensive object B places of scenic beauty

C achievements D the beautiful and impressive features Question 13: According to the passage, which of the following sentence is NOT true?

A We know exactly when and how people first used fire

B Before gas lamps and electric lamps appeared, streets were lit by torches

C We can make a fire by striking a piece of iron on flint to ignite some tinder

D Matches and lighters were invented not long ago

Question 14: The word “gloomy” in the passage is closest in meaning to

C containing a lot of white D mysterious

Question 15: What form of street lighting was used in London when link boys used to work

there?

A Gas lighting B No lighting at all C Electric lighting D Oil lighting

The rules of etiquette in American restaurants depend upon a number of factors the physical location of the restaurant, e.g., rural or urban; the type of restaurant, e.g., informal or formal; and certain standards that are more universal In other words, some standards of etiquette vary significantly while other standards apply almost anywhere Learning the proper etiquette in a particular type of restaurant in a particular area may sometimes require instruction, but more commonly it simply requires sensitivity and experience For example, while it is acceptable to read a magazine in a coffee shop, it is inappropriate to do the same in a more luxurious setting

And, if you are eating in a very rustic setting, it may be fine to tuck your napkin into your shirt,

but if you are in a sophisticated urban restaurant this behavior would demonstrate a lack of manners It is safe to say, however, that in virtually every restaurant it is unacceptable to

indiscriminately throw your food on the floor The conclusion we can most likely draw from

the above is that while the types and locations of restaurants determine etiquette appropriate to them, some rules apply to all restaurants

Question 16: What topic is this passage primarily concerned?

A Instruction in proper etiquette

B Rules of etiquette

C Variable and universal standards of etiquette

D The importance of good manners

Question 17: According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette?

A reading a magazine at a coffee shop B not throwing food on the floor

C eating in rustic settings D eating in rustic settings

Question 18: What does the word “it” refer to?

A learning the proper etiquette B clear instruction

C knowing the type of restaurant D sensitivity

Question 19: Which of the following words is most similar to the meaning of “rustic”?

A urban B unsophisticated C agricultural D ancient

Question 20: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “tuck”?

Question 21: The word “indiscriminately” could best be replaced by which of the following?

A random B angrily C noisily D destructively

Question 22: The author uses the word “draw” in line 16 to mean

A pick out B drag away C evoke D infer

Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings

When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only

imperfectly

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter One

advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that

any civilization must have Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized

Question 23: We sometimes think of writing as more real than speech because

A writing is secondary to language

B human beings have been writing for at least 5000 years

C it has become very important in our culture

D people have been writing since there have been human beings

Question 24: The author of the passage argues that

A speech is more basic to language than writing

B writing has become too important in today’s society

C everyone who learns to speak must learn to write

D all languages should have a written form

Question 25: According to the passage, writing

A is represented perfectly by speech B represents-speech, but not perfectly

C developed from imperfect speech D is imperfect, but less so than speech

Question 26: Normal human beings

A learn to talk after learning to write B learn to write before learning to talk

C learn to write and to talk at the same time D learn to talk before learning to write

Question 27: Learning to write is

Question 28: In order to show that learning to write requires effort, the author gives the example

of

A people who learn the rudiments of speech

B severely handicapped children

C intelligent people who couldn’t write

D people who speak many languages

Question 29: In the author’s judgment

A writing has more advantages than speech

B writing is more real than speech

C speech conveys ideas less accurately than writing does

D speech is essential but writing has important benefits

Question 30: The word “advantage” in the last paragraph most closely means

A “rudiments” B “skill” C “domination” D “benefit”

FAMILY LIFE IN THE UNITED STATES

Family life in the United States is changing Fifty or sixty years ago, the wife was called a

“housewife” She cleaned, cooked, and cared for the children The husband earned the money for the family He was usually out working all day He came home tired in the evening, so he did not

do much housework And he did not see the children very much, except on weekends

These days, however, more and more women work outside the home They cannot stay with the children all day They, too, come home tired in the evening They do not want to spend the evening cooking dinner and cleaning up They do not have time to clean the house and do the

laundry So who is going to do the housework now? Who is going to take care of the children?

Many families solve the problem of housework by sharing it In these families, the husband and wife agree to do different jobs around the house, or they take turns doing each job For example, the husband always cooks dinner and the wife always does the laundry Or the wife cooks dinner on some nights and the husband cooks dinner on other nights

Then there is the question of the children In the past, many families got help with child care from grandparents Now families usually do not live near their relatives The grandparents are often too far away to help in a regular way More often, parents have to pay for child care help Ihe help may be a babysitter or a day-care center The problem with this kind of help is the high cost It is possible only for couples with jobs that pay well

Parents may get another kind of help form the companies they work for Many companies now let people with children work part-time That way, parents can spend more time with their children Some husbands may even stop working for a while to stay with the children For these

men there is a new word: they are called “househusbands” In the USA more and more men are

becoming househusbands every year

These changes in the home mean changes in the family Fathers can learn to understand their children better, and the children can get to know their fathers better Husbands and wives may also find changes in their marriage They, too, may have a better understanding of each other

Question 31: Sixty years ago, most women

A went out to work B had no children

C did not do much housework D were housewives

Question 32: Nowadays, there are

A more women going out to work than before

B more and more women staying with the children all day

C more work outside the home than before

D more housewives than before

Question 33: The word “laundry” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _

A tidying up B cooking and washing the dishes

C washing and ironing D shopping

Question 34: It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that

A couples with low-paid jobs can’t afford the cost of a babysitter or a day-care center

B grandparents can help care the children in a regular way

C all couples with jobs can pay for help from a babysitter or a day-care center

D in the past, grandparents did not help the couples with child care

Question 35: The word “they" in paragraph 5 refers to _

A husbands who stop working to stay with the children

B fathers who spend more time with their children

C parents who work part-time

D children who spend more time with fathers than mothers

Question 36: The changes in the American home mentioned in this passage may

C cause problems for a marriage D not change the children at all

Question 37: This article is about

A American men as househusbands

B housewives in America

C how more American women are working

D how family life in America is changing

One of the most interesting authors of the twentieth century, J.R.R Tolkien, achieved fame

through his highly inventive trilogy, The Lord of the Rings Born in 1892, Tolkien received his

education from Oxford and then served in World War I After the war, he became a professor of Anglo -Saxon and English language and literature at Oxford University

Although published in 1965, the three books that comprise the Lord of the Rings were written in intervals from 1936 to 1949 This was mainly due to Tolkien’s responsibilities as a professor and the

outbreak of World War II By the late 1960s, this fascinating trilogy had become a sociological

phenomenon as young people intently studied the mythology and legends created by Tolkien

The trilogy is remarkable not only for its highly developed account of historical fiction but also its success as a modern heroic epic The main plot describes the struggle between good and evil kingdom as they try to acquire a magic ring that has the power to rule the world The novels, which are set in a time called Middle Earth, describe a detailed fantasy world Established before humans populated the Earth, Middle Earth was inhabited by good and evil creatures such as hobbits, elves, monsters, wizards, and some humans The characters and the setting of Middle Earth were modeled after mythological stories from Greece and Northern Europe

Although readers have scrutinized the texts for inner meaning and have tried to connect the

trilogy with Tolkien’s real life experiences in England during World War II, he denied the

connection He claims that the story began in his years as an undergraduate student and grew out of his desire to create mythology and legends about elves and their language

Tolkien was a masterful fantasy novelist who used his extensive knowledge of folklore to create

a body of work that is still read and enjoyed throughout the world today

Question 38: What can we assume is NOT true about Middle Earth?

A Middle Earth was based on European folktales

B Middle Earth was a fictional world

C The good and evil kingdom fought for the power

D People dominated Middle Earth

Question 39: The word “scrutinized” in the fourth paragraph could be replaced by

A examined B denied C enjoyed D criticized

Question 40: What does this passage mainly discuss?

Question 41: According to the passage, when did “the Lord of the Rings” trilogy become

popular with young people?

A In the late 1960s B After World War II

Question 42: When did Tolkien begin to create this trilogy?

A When he was a student B During World War I

C When he was a professor D During World War II

Question 43: What does the word “trilogy” in the first paragraph mean?

A A specific type of fantasy novel B A long novel

C A group of three literary books D An unrelated group of books

Question 44: What is the setting of Tolkien’s trilogy?

A Modern - day Greece B England in the 1800’s

C Oxford University D Middle Earth

Question 45: The word “fascinating” in the second paragraph could be replaced by

A thrilling B extremely interesting

Telecommuting is a form of computer communication between employees’ homes and

offices For employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor entering data or

typing reports, the location of the computer is of no consequence If the machine can

communicate over telephone lines, when the work is completed, employees can dial the office computer and transmit the material to their employers A recent survey in USA Today estimates that there are approximately 8,7 million telecommuters But although the numbers are rising annually, the trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week

published “The Portable Executive” as its cover story a few years ago Why hasn’t

telecommuting become more popular?

Clearly, change simply takes time But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part

of many managers These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or, at least, systems for managing them are not yet developed, thereby complicating the manager’s responsibilities

It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to accept the opportunity Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office

Question 46: With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?

A An overview of telecommuting B The failure of telecommuting

C The advantages of telecommuting D A definition of telecommuting

Question 47: How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?

A More than predicted in Business Week B More than 8 million

C Fewer than last year D Fewer than last year

Question 48 The phrase “of no consequence” means

A of no use B irrelevant C of no good D unimportant

Question 49: The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting, EXCEPT

_

A the opportunities for advancement B the different system of supervision

C the lack of interaction D the work place is in the home

Question 50: The word “them” in the second paragraph refers to

A telecommuters B systems C executives D responsibilities

Question 51: The reason why telecommuting has not become popular is that the employees

A need regular interaction with their families

B arc worried about the promotion if they are not seen at the office

C feel that a work area in their home is away from the office

D are ignorant of telecommuting

Question 52: The word “reluctant” in the third paragraph can best be replaced by

A opposite B willing C hesitant D typical

It is said that George Washington was one of the first to realize how important tire building of canals would be to the nation’s development In fact, before he became the President, he headed the first company in the United States to build a canal, which was to connect the Ohio and Potomac

rivers It was never completed, but it showed the nation the feasibility of canals As the country

expanded westward, settlers in western New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio needed a means to ship goods Canals linking natural waterways seemed to supply an effective method

In 1791, engineers commissioned by the state of New York investigated the possibility of a canal

between Albany on the Hudson River and Buffalo on Lake Eric to link the Great Lakes area with the Atlantic seacoast It would avoid the mountains that served as a barrier to canals from the Delaware and Potomac rivers

The first attempt to dig the canal, to be called the Eric Canal, was made by private companies but only a comparatively small portion was built before the project was halted for lack of funds The cost of the prospect was estimated $5 million, an enormous amount for those days There was some on-again-off-again federal funding, but this time the War of 1812 put an end to construction In

1817, DeWitt Clinton was elected Governor of New York and persuaded the state to finance and build the canal It was completed in 1825, costing S2 million more than expected

The canal rapidly lived up to its sponsors’ faith, quickly paying for itself through tolls It was far more economical than any other form of transportation at the time It permitted trade between the Great Lake region and the East coast, robbing the Mississippi River of much of its traffic It allowed New York to supplant Boston, Philadelphia, and other eastern cities as the chief center of both domestic and foreign commerce Cities sprang up along the canal It also contributed in a number of ways to the Norths victory over the South in the Civil War

An expansion of the canal was planned in 1849 Increased traffic would undoubtedly have warranted its construction had it not been for the railroads

Question 53: The word “feasibility” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A possibility B capability C difficulty D profitability

Question 54: According to the passage, the Eric Canal connected the _

A Delaware and Potomac Rivers B Hudson River and Lake Eric

C Atlantic Ocean and the Hudson River D Potomac and Ohio Rivers

Question 55: The completion of the Eric Canal was financed by _

A private company B B DeWitt Clinton

C the federal government D New York

Question 56: The actual cost of building the Eric Canal was

A $5 million B less than had been expected

C $7 million D more than could be repaid

Question 57: The word “tolls” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Question 58: Which of the following is NOT given as an effect of the building of the Eric Canal

in paragraph 4?

A It took water traffic away from the Mississippi River

B It established Boston and Philadelphia as the most important centers of trade

C It helped determine the outcome of the Civil War

D It allowed the East coast to trade with the Great Lake Sea

Question 59: What can be inferred about railroads in 1849 from the information in the last

paragraph?

A They were being planned but had not been built

B They were seriously underdeveloped

C They had begun to compete with the Eric Canal for traffic

D They were weakened by the expansion of the canal

Question 60: The word “warranted” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to

A hastened B guaranteed C justified D prevented

In early civilization, citizens were educated informally, usually within the family unit Education

meant simply learning to live As civilization became more complex, however, education became more formal, structured, and comprehensive Initial efforts of the ancient Chinese and Greek

societies concentrated solely on the education of males The post-Babylonian Jews and Plato were exceptions to this pattern Plato was apparently the first significant advocate of the equality of the sexes Women, in his ideal state, would have the same rights and duties and the same educational opportunities as men This aspect of Platonic philosophy, however, had little or no effect on

education for many centuries, and the concept of a liberal education for men only, which had been espoused by Aristotle, prevailed

In ancient Rome, the availability of an education was gradually extended to women, but they were taught separately from men The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this trend, and single-sex schools for the privileged through classes prevailed through the Reformation period Gradually, however, education for women, in a separate but equal basis to that provided for men, was becoming a clear responsibility of society Martin Luther appealed for civil support of schools for all children Al the Council of Trent in the 16th century, the Roman Catholic Church encouraged

the establishment of free primary schools for children of all classes The concept of universal

primary education, regardless of sex, had been born, but it was still in the realm of the single-sex school

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, co-education became a more widely applied principle of educational philosophy In Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union the education of boys and girls

in the same classes became an accepted practice Since World War II, Japan and the Scandinavian countries have also adopted relatively universal co-educational systems The greatest negative reaction to co-education has been felt in the teaching systems of the Latin countries, where the sexes have usually been separated at both primary and secondary levels, according to local conditions ’

A number of studies have indicated that girls seem to perform better overall and in science in particular In single-sex classes, during the adolescent years, pressure to conform to stereotypical female gender roles may disadvantage girls in traditionally male subjects, making them reluctant to volunteer for experimental work while taking part in lessons In Britain, academic league tables point to high standards achieved in girls’ schools Some educationalists, therefore, suggest

segregation of the sexes as a good thing, particularly in certain areas, and a number of schools are experimenting with the idea

Question 61: Ancient education generally focused its efforts on _

A young people only B on male learners

Question 62: Education in early times was mostly aimed at _

A teaching skills B learning new lifestyles

C learning to live D imparting survival skills

Question 63: The first to support the equality of the sexes was _

A the Chinese B the Jews C Plato D the Greek

Question 64: The word “informally” in this context mostly refers to an education occurring

_

A in a department B in classrooms

Question 65: When education first reached women, they were _

A separated from men B locked up in a place with men

C deprived of opportunities D isolated from a normal life

Question 66: When the concept of universal primary education was introduced, education

_

A focused on imparting skills B locked up in a place with men

C was given free to all D focused on imparting skills

Question 67: Co-education was negatively responded to in _

A conservative countries B Japan

C South American countries D the Scandinavian countries

The three phases of human memory are the sensory memory, the short-term memory, and the

long- term memory This division of the memory into phases is based on the length of time of the

memory

Sensory memory is instantaneous memory It is an image or memory that enters your mind only for a short period of time; it comes and goes in under a second The memory will not last longer than that unless the information enters the short-term memory

Information can be held in the short-term memory for about twenty seconds or as long as you are actively using it If you repeat a fact to yourself, that fact will stay in your short-term memory as long as you keep repeating it Once you stop repeating it, either it is forgotten or it moves into long term memory

Long-term memory is the huge memory tank that can hold ideas and images for years and years Information can be added to your long-term memory when you actively try to put it there through

memorization or when an idea or image enters your mind on its own

Question 68: The best title for this passage would be

A The difference between sensory and short-term memory

B How long it takes to memorize

C The stages of human memory

D Human phases

Question 69: The three phases of memory discussed in the passage are differentiated according

to

A The location in the brain

B The period of time it takes to remember something

C How the senses are involved in the memory

D How long the memory lasts

Question 70: The expression “is based on” in the first paragraph could be best replaced by

A Is on the top of B is at the foot of

Question 71: According to the passage, which type of memory is the shortest?

C Short-term memory D Long-term memory

Question 72: According to the passage, when will information stay in your short-term memory?

A For as long as twenty minutes

B As long as it is being used

C After you have repeated it many times

D When it has moved into long-term memory

Question 73: All of the following are TRUE about long - term memory EXCEPT that

A it has a very large capacity

B it can hold information

C it is possible to put information into it through memorization

D memorization is the only way that information can get there

Question 74: The expression “on its own” in the last sentence can be best replaced by

Question 75: It can be inferred from the passage that if a person remembers a piece of «

information for two days, this is probably _

A three phases of memory B the sensory memory

C the short- term memory D the long- term memory

Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the

dominant language of international communication English as we know it today emerged around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following

the Norman invasion of 1066 Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in England and had not expanded even as far as Wales, Scotland, or Ireland However, during the course of the next two century, English began to spread around the globe as a result of

exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonization, and missionary work Thus, small

enclaves of English, speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking, and diplomacy

Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is in

English Two thirds of the world’s science writing is in English, and English is the main

language of technology, advertising, media, international airport, and air traffic controllers Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are non-native speakers, constituting the largest number of non-native users than any other language in the world

Question 76: What is the main topic of the passage?

A The number of non-native users of English

B The French influence on the English language

C The expansion of English as an international language

D The use of English for science and technology

Question 77: In the first paragraph, the word “emerged” is closest in meaning to

A appeared B hailed C frequented D engaged

Question 78: In the first paragraph, the word “elements” is closest in meaning to

A declaration B features C frequented D engaged

Question 79: Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England?

A In 1066 B around 1350 C before 1600 D after 1600

Question 80: According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English

around the world EXCEPT

A the slave trade B the Norman invasion

C missionaries D colonization

Question 81: In the second paragraph, the word “stored” is closest in meaning to

Question 82: According to the passage, approximately how many non-native users of English

are there in the world today? _

A a quarter million B half a million C 350 million D 700 million

Any list of the greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the brilliant physicist Albert Einstein His theories of relativity led to entirely new ways of thinking about time, space, matter, energy, and gravity Einsteins work led to such scientific advances as the control of atomic energy, even television as a practical application of Einsteins work In 1902 Einstein became an examiner in the Swiss patent office at Bern In 1905, at age 26, he published the first of five major research papers The first one provided a theory explaining Brownian movement, the zig-zag motion of microscopic particles in suspension The second paper laid the foundation for the photon, or quantum, theory of light In it he proposed that light is composed of separate packets

of energy, called quanta or photons, that have some of the properties of particles and some of the properties of waves A third paper contained the “special theory of relativity” which showed that time and motion are relative to the observer, if the speed of light is constant and the natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe The fourth paper was a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity Here Einstein presented his famous formula, E = mc2 , known as the energy mass equivalence In 1916, Einstein published his general theory of relativity In it he proposed that gravity is not a force, but a curve in the space-time continuum, created by the

presence of mass Einstein spoke out frequently against nationalism, the exalting of one nation

above all others He opposed war and violence and supported Zionism, the movement to

establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine, When the Nazis came to power in 1933, they

denounced his ideas He then moved to the United States In 1939 Einstein learned that two German chemists had split the uranium atom Einstein wrote to President Franklin D Roosevelt warning him that this scientific knowledge could lead to Germany developing an atomic bomb

He suggested the United States begin its own atomic bomb research

Question 83: Einstein’s primary work was in the area of

A chemistry B biology C physics D engineering

Question 84: Which of the following inventions is mentioned in the passage as a practical

application of Einsteins discoveries?

A Radio B Automobiles C Computers D Television

Question 85: According to the passage, Einstein supported all of the following EXCEPT

A the establishment ot a Jewish homeland in Palestine

B nationalism

C atomic bomb research in the United States

D the defeat of the Nazis

Question 86: What is “Brownian movement”?

A The zig-zag motion of microscopic particles in suspension

B The emission of electrons from solids when struck by light

C The motion of photons in light

D The basis of the theory of relativity

Question 87: Einstein was a citizen of all of the following countries EXCEPT

A Belgium B Germany C United State D Switzerland

Question 88: It is clear from the tone of the passage that the author feels

A Einsteins work in physics was somewhat tarnished by his conservative political views

B Albert Einstein was one of the most brilliant thinkers in history

C Einsteins work in physics, though theoretically impressive, led to few practical applications

D Einsteins theories have been consistently proven incorrect

Question 89: According to Einstein’s special theory of relativity,

A all properties of matter and energy can be explained in a single mathematical formula

B light is composed of separate packets of energy

C time and motion are relative to the observer

D some solids emit electrons when struck by light

Question 90: The word “exalting” in the passage most nearly means

A elevation B criticism C support D elimination

(Line 1) Horace Pippin, as an African-American soldier during World War I, was wounded in his right arm He discovered, however, that by keeping his right wrist steady with his left hand, he could paint and draw Pippin was not trained, but his artistic sensitivity and intuitive feel for two-

dimensional design and the arrangement of colour and patterns made him one of the finest

Primitive artists America has produced

(Line 6) Pippin did a series of paintings on the abolitionist John Brown and one on his war

experiences, but he shied away from social issues for the most part and achieved his greatest success

with scenes of the people and places of his hometown of West Chester, Pennsylvania His Domino

Players, featuring four women gathered around a wooden table in a simple kitchen setting, is an

excellent example of his rural domestic scenes

Question 91: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about primitive

art?

A It’s two-dimensional

B Colours and patterns are important

C Artists do not have to be trained for it

D It is used mainly for painting portraits

Question 92: Horace Pippin discovered he could paint and draw _

A during Word War I

B when he completed his training

C when someone reminded him of his artistic sensitivity

D by holding his right wrist steady with his left hand

Question 93: Where in the passage is the name of Pippin’s hometown mentioned?

A Line 1-2 B Line 3-4 C Line 6-7 D Line 8-9

Question 94: It may be inferred from the passage that Pippin

A had a simple upbringing

B was obsessed with the subject of abolition

C was destroyed by his war experiences

D wanted nothing to do with his past following?

Question 95: The word “arrangement” in the passage could best be replaced by _

A purpose B feature C mixture D production

Question 96: With which of the following statements would the author agree?

A Horace Pippin was a poorly trained ordinary artist

B Primitive art is an excuse for lack of training and talent

C Horace Pippin made an important contribution to American art

D Horace Pippin placed too much emphasis on social issues in his work

Question 97: The passage would most likely be required reading in which course?

A Biology B Drama C Literature D Art History

A Japanese construction company plans to create a huge independent city-state, akin to the

legendary Atlantis, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean The city, dubbed “Marinnation”, would have about one million inhabitants, two airports, and possibly even a space port Marinnation, if built, would be a separate country but could serve as a home for international organisations such as the United Nations and the World Bank

Aside from the many political and social problems that would have to be solved, the engineering task envisaged is monumental The initial stage requires the building of a circular dam eighteen miles in diameter attached to the sea bed in a relatively shallow place in international waters Then, several hundred powerful pumps, operating for more than a year, would suck out the sea water trom within the dam When empty and dry, the area would have a city constructed on it The actual land would be about 300 feet below the sea level According to designers, the hardest task trom an

engineering point of view would be to ensure that the dam is leak proof and earthquake proof

It all goes well, it is hoped that Marinnation could be ready for habitation at the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century Whether anyone would want to live in such an isolated and artificial community, however, will remain an open question until that time

Question 98: According to the text, Marrination, when built, will be a(an) city

A underwater B underground C marine D legendary

Question 99: The word akin’ in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by

A likely B close C next D similar

Question 100: Which of the following would NOT be a problem for the construction plan?

A social B political C engineering D financial

Question 101: Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?

A Marinnation would have about one million inhabitants

B Marinnation will be built in a deep place in the Pacific Ocean

C Marinnation will be located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean

D Marinnation could be served as home for international organisations

Question 102: What is going to be built first?

A a city B a dam C a monument D a sea bed

Question 103: The most difficult task is to protect the dam against and earthquake

Question 104: According to the text, people could come to live in the future city in the year

Question 105: What does the author imply in the last sentence of the passage?

A People will ask an open question about living in Marinnation

B The construction of Marinnation could never be completed in time

C People might not want to live in an isolated and artificial community

D People will ask how they can live in such an isolated and artificial city

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly At first, the body of the individual is not

harmed by coming into contact with the substance After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop Sometimes it’s hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many

different ways Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems You may have rashes,

hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months Breast milk also tends to be protective Migraines can

be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium

nitrate Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!) Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with

supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin Children who are hyperactive may

benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates trom their diets

Question 106: The topic of this passage is

A reactions to foods B food and nutrition

C infants and allergies D a good diet

Question 107: According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to

A the vast number of different foods we eat

B lack of a proper treatment plan

C the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems

D the use of prepared formula to feed babies

Question 108: The word “symptoms” is closest in meaning to

A indications B diet C diagnosis D prescriptions

Question 109: The phrase “set off” is closest in meaning to

A relieved B identified C avoided D triggered

Question 110: What can be inferred about babies from this passage?

A They can eat almost anything

B They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants

C They gain little benefit from being breast fed

D They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early

Question 111: The word “hyperactive” is closest in meaning to

A overly active B unusually low activity

Question 112: The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related to

allergies has to do with the infant’s

C underdeveloped intestinal tract D inability to swallow solid foods

It takes a long time to raise a family of owlets, so the great horned owl begins early in the year In January and February, or as late as March in the North, the male calls to the female with

a resonant hoot The female is larger than the male She sometimes reaches a body length of

twenty-two to twenty-four inches, with a wingspread up to fifty inches To impress her, the male does a strange courtship dance He bobs He bows He rutiles his feathers and hops around with

an important air He flutters from limb to limb and makes flying sorties into the air Sometimes

he returns with an offering of food They share the repast, after which she joins the dance,

hopping and bobbing about as though keeping time to the beat of an inner drum Owls are poor home builders They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree or even to occupy the deserted nest

of a hawk or crow These structures are large and rough, built of sticks and bark and lined with leaves and feathers Sometimes owls nest on a rocky ledge, or even on the bare ground, even to occupy the deserted nest of a hawk or crow These structures are large and rough, built of sticks and bark and lined with leaves and feathers Sometimes owls nest on a rocky ledge, or even on the bare ground The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs Then she stoically setdes

herself on the nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her precious charges from

snow and cold It is five weeks before the first downy white owlet pecks its way out of the shell

As the young birds feather out, they look like wise old men with their wide eyes and quizzical expressions They clamor for food and keep the parents busy supplying mice, squirrels, rabbits, crayfish, and beetles Later in the season baby crows are taken Migrating songsters, waterfowl, and game bird? all fall prey to the hungry family It is nearly ten weeks before fledglings leave

the nest to search for their own food The parent birds weary of family life by November and drive the young owls away to establish hunting ranges of their own

Question 113: What is the topic of this passage?

A Mating rituals of great horned owls

B Raising a family of great horned owls

C Habits of young great horned owls

D Nest building of great horned owls

Question 114: The phrase “a resonant hoot” is closest in meaning to

Question 115: It can be inferred from the passage that the courtship of great horned owls

_

A happens in the fall B takes place on the ground

C involves the male alone D in an active process

Question 116: According to the passage, great horned owls _

A may inhabit a previously used nest

B are discriminate nest builders

C need big nests for their numerous eggs

D build nests on tree limbs

Question 117: According to the passage, which of the following is the mother owl’s job?

A To build the nest B To initiate the courtship ritual

C To sit on the nest D To feed the young

Question 118: The phrase “precious charges” refers to _

A the hawks and crows B other nesting owls

Question 119: According to the passage, young owlets eat everything EXCEPT _

A insects B other small birds C small mammals D nuts and seeds Question 120: The word “they” refers to

A the adult birds B the wise old men C the prey D the young birds

The election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in 1928 marked the political ascendancy

of the “common man” in American politics His name became a household word during the war

of 1812, when, as a U.S Army major general, he led troops against the Creek Indians in the Mississippi Territory and later defeated the British at New Orleans

After his presidential inauguration, Jackson rode on horseback to the White House to attend a private party Crowds of well-wishers suddenly appeared at the reception and nearly destroyed the White House as they tried to glimpse the new president The common man had made a dramatic entrance onto the national political scene

Jackson’s two terms moved American society toward truer democracy Many states

abandoned property requirements for voting Elected officials began to act more truly as

representatives of the people than as their leaders As president of the common man, Jackson waged a war against the Bank of the United States, vetoing the bill that re-chartered the

institution, declaring it a dangerous monopoly that profited the wealthy few

Although he had built his reputation as an Indian tighter during the War ol 1812, Jackson was not an Indian hater He adopted what was at the time considered an enlightened solution to the Indian problem-removal Many tribes submitted peacelully to being moved to the West

Others were marched by force to the Indian Territory, under brutal conditions, along what the

Cherokees called the Trail of Tears

One of Andrew Jackson’s most enduring legacies was the Democratic Party, which under him became a highly organized political party In opposition to the Democrats were the Whigs, a party that attracted supporters of the Bank of the United States and opposed the tyranny of the

man called “King Andrew” A less specific but more basic legacy is the populist philosophy oi politics that still bears the name “Jacksonian Democracy.”

Question 121: The phrase “became the household word” in paragraph I means that _

A a house style was called Jackson B Jackson acquired fame

C people criticized Jackson D Jackson was a popular boy’s name

Question 122: The author suggests that Jackson’s election and inauguration _

A destroyed the White House

B brought a new style to the presidency

C made a lot of common people angry

D put a military man in the White House for the first time

Question 123: According to the passage, why did Jackson oppose the Bank of the United States?

A He thought it benefited only rich people

B It started a war

C It opposed electing him “King Andrew”

D It opposed giving common people the right to vote

Question 124: According to the passage, Jackson’s policy toward American Indians was

_

A developed during the War of 1812 B forceful and cruel

C considered his greatest achievement D considered progressive at the time

Question 125: The word “brutal” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

Question 126: Which of the following is NOT attributed to Andrew Jackson?

A The Whig Party B Jacksonian Democracy

C The rise of the common man D The Democratic Party

Question 127: Which of the following could NOT be inferred about Andrew Jackson?

A He served his country throughout his life

B He supposed democratic reforms

C He inspired populist politics

D He was the president during a violent war

Rachel Carson was born in 1907 in Springsdale, Pennsylvania She studied biology in college and zoology at Johns Hopkins University, where she received her master’s degree in

1933 In 1936, she was hired by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, where she worked most of her life

Carson’s first book, Under the Sea Wind, was published in 1941 It received excellent

reviews, but sales were poor until it was reissued in 1952 In that year, she published The Sea Around Us, which provided a fascinating look beneath the ocean’s surface, emphasizing human history as well as geology and marine biology Her imagery and language had a poetic quality Carson consulted no less than 1,000 printed sources She had voluminous correspondence and frequent discussions with experts in the field However, she always realized the limitations of her non-technical readers

In 1962, Carson published Silence Spring, a book that sparked considerable controversy It proved how much harm was done by the uncontrolled, reckless use of insecticides She detailed

how they poison the food supply of animals, kill birds, and contaminate human food At that time, spokesmen for the chemical industry mounted personal attacks against Carson and issued

propaganda to indicate that her findings were flawed However, her work was vindicated by a

1963 report of the President’s Science Advisory Committee

(Source: TOEFL Reading)

Question 128: The passage mainly discusses Rachel Carson’s work _

A at college B at the US Fish and Wildlife Service

C as a researcher D as a writer

Question 129: According to the passage, what did Carson primarily study at Johns Hopkins

University?

A Oceanography B Zoology C Literature D History

Question 130: When she published her first book, Carson was closest to the age of

Question 131: It can be inferred from the passage that in 1952, Carson’s book Under the Sea

Wind

A was outdated

B became more popular than her other books

C was praised by critics

D sold many copies

Question 132: Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage as a source of

information for The Sea Around Us

A Printed matter B Talks with experts

C A research expedition D Letters from scientists

Question 133: The word “reckless” is closest in meaning to

A unnecessary B limited C continuous D irresponsible

Question 134: The word “flawed” is closest in meaning to _

A faulty B deceptive C logical D offensive

Question 135: Why does the author of the passage mention the report of the President’s Science

Advisory Committee?

A To provide an example of government propaganda

B To support Carson’s ideas

C To indicate a growing government concern with the environment

D To validate the chemical industry’s claims

One of the highest honors for formalists, writers, and musical composers is the PulitzerPrize First awarded in 1927, the Pulitzer Prize has been won by Ernest Hemingway, Harper Lee,John F Kennedy, and Rodgers and Hammerstein, among others As with many famous awards,this prize was named after its founder, Joseph Pulitzer

Joseph Pulitzer’s story, like that of many immigrants to the United States, is one ofhardship, hard work and triumph Born in Hungary, Joseph Pulitzer moved to United States in1864 He

wanted to be a reporter, but he started his American life by fighting in the AmericanCivil War After the war, Pulitzer worked for the German - language newspaper, the WestlichePost His skills as a reporter were wonderful, and he soon became a partial owner of the paper

In 1978, Pulitzer was able to start a newspaper of his own Right from the first edition,the newspaper took a controversial approach to new Pulitzer wanted to appeal to the averagereader, so

he produced exciting stories of scandal and intrigue Such an approach iscommonplace today, but in Pulitzer’s time it was new and different The approach led to thediscovery of many instances of corruption by influential people Pulitzer ‘paper became veryfamous and is still

produced today

The success of Joseph Pulitzer’s newspaper made him a very wealthy man, so he wantedto give something back to his profession Throughout his later years, he worked to establishuniversity programs for the teaching of journalism, and he funded numerous scholarships toassist journalism students Finally, he wanted to leave a legacy that would encourage writers toremember the

importance of quality On his death, he gave two million dollars to ColumbiaUniversity so they could award prizes to great writers

The Pulitzer Prize recipients are a very select group For most, winning a Pulitzer Prize isthe highlight of their career If an author, journalist, or composer you know has won a PulitzerPrize, you can be sure they are at the top of their profession

Question 136: Why does the writer mention “John F Kennedy” in line 3?

A He was one of the inventors of the famous awards

B He was one of the winners of the Pulitzer Prize

C He was one of the people who selected the Pulitzer winners

D He was in one of the scandals reported on by Joseph Pulitzer

Question 137: According to the reading passage, why did Joseph Pulitzer invent the Pulitzer

Prize?

A to encourage people to remember his name and success

B encourage writers to remember the importance of quality

C to encourage journalism students to achieve their goals

D to encourage people to appreciate the work of the Pulitzer winners

Question 138: The word “partial" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A in part only B brand new C one and only D very important

Question 139: According the passage, who receives the Pulitzer Prize?

A Columbia University graduates B journalism students

C noted writers and composers D most newspaper reporters

Question 140: According to the reading passage, how did Joseph Pulitzer appeal to the average

reader?

A He wrote about famous writers of journalism and literature

B He wrote stories about the war

C He produced his own experience

D He produced exciting stories of scandal and inreigue

Question 141: Which sentece about Joseoph Pulitzer is true according to the reading passage?

A He received a scholarship when he was a university studont

B He was rich even when he was young

C He was a reported during the American Civil War

D He immigated to the United States from Hungary

Question 142: Which sentence about Joseph Pulitzer is NOT true according to the reading

passage?

A Joseph Pulitzer was the first time writer to the win the prize in 1917

B The prize is aimed at encouraging a writer’s career

C Joseph Pulitzer left money to award the prizewinners

D Receiving the prize on the highest honors for writers

Being aware of one's own emotions - recognizing and acknowledging feelings as they

happen - is at the very heart of Emotional Intelligence And this awareness encompasses not only moods but also thoughts about those moods People who are able to monitor their feelings as they arise are less likely to be ruled by them and are thus better able to manage their emotions

Managing emotions does not mean suppressing them; nor does it mean giving free rein to every feeling Psychologist Daniel Goleman, one of several authors who have popularized the notion

of Emotional Intelligence, insisted that the goal is balance and that every feeling has value and significance As Goleman said, "A life without passion would be a dull wasteland of neutrality, cut off and isolated from the richness of life itself." Thus, we manage our emotions by expressing them

in an appropriate manner Emotions can also be managed by engaging in activities that cheer us up, soothe our hurts, or reassure us when we feel anxious

Clearly, awareness and management of emotions are not independent For instance, you might think that individuals who seem to experience their feelings more intensely than others would be

less able to manage them However, a critical component of awareness of emotions is the ability to

assign meaning to them - to know why we are experiencing a particular feeling or mood

Psychologists have found that, among individuals who experience intense emotions, individual differences in the ability to assign meaning to those feelings predict differences in the ability to

manage them In other words, if two individuals are intensely angry, the one who is better able to

understand why he or she is angry will also be better able to manage the anger

Self-motivation refers to strong emotional self-control, which enables a person to get moving

and pursue worthy goals, persist at tasks even when frustrated, and resist the temptation to act on

impulse Resisting impulsive behavior is, according to Goleman, "the root of all emotional control."

self-Of all the attributes of Emotional Intelligence, the ability to postpone immediate gratification and to persist in working toward some greater future gain is most closely related to success -

whether one is trying to build a business, get a college degree, or even stay on a diet One researcher examined whether this trait can predict a child's success in school The study showed that 4-year-old

children who can delay instant gratification in order to advance toward some future goal will be “far superior as students” when they graduate from high school than will 4-year-olds who are not able

to resist the impulse to satisfy their immediate wishes

Question 143: Which of the following can we infer from paragraph 1?

A If people pay attention to their feelings, they will not be also able to manage them

B If people pay attention to their feelings, they can control their emotions better

C People who can manage their emotions will be controlled by them

D Some people can understand their feelings better than others

Question 144: According to paragraphs 1 to 3, people should be aware of their emotions so that

they can

A stop feeling angry B manage their emotions appropriately

C experience feelings more intensively D explain their emotions to others

Question 145: All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 2 about our emotions EXCEPT

_

A we can manage our emotions B we should ignore some feelings

C every feeling is important D emotions are part of a satisfying life

Question 146: The word “critical” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _

A indecisive B inessential C dynamic D important

Question 147: The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to _

A intense emotions B psychologists

C individuals D individual differences

Question 148: In paragraph 3, the author explains the concept of awareness and management of

emotions by

A giving an example of why people get angry

B describing how people learn to control their emotions

C comparing how two people might respond to an intense emotion

D explaining why some people are aware of their emotions

Question 149: The word “pursue” in paragraph 4 mostly means

A be involved in something B improve or develop something

C try to achieve something D find out about something

Question 150: According to paragraph 5, children might be more successful in school if they can

resist impulses because they can _

A have more friends at school

B easily understand new information

C focus on their work and not get distracted

D be more popular with their teachers

Most Americans look forward to their vacation Most American employees receive an annual vacation with pay, and it is traditional to use this time off for travel

Travelling within the United States is very popular because foreign travel generally takes more time and money Every year about thirteen million people travel abroad The most popular periods are during the summer and the two-week school break on Christmas and New Year holidays These periods are also the most crowded and the most expensive time to travel, so people who can adjust their schedules sometimes choose to travel in the autumn

American tourists often travel by car Most families own a car, and those who do not have a

car can rent one Cars are usually the most economical way to travel, especially for families It is

also fairly fast and convenient Exellent highway with motels and restaurants nearby connect the nation’s major cities They enable tourists to travel at a speed of 55 to 66 miles an hour Tourists that want to travel faster often fly to their destination and then rent a car when they get there

Question 151: According to the writer

A Americans have no vacations

B Americans do not like travel

C it is imposible to have a day-off in the USA

D most Americans are fond of travelling

Question 152: How many people travel abroad every year?

A 13 million people B 66 million people

C 30 million people D 55 million people

Question 153: Which of the following NOT mentioned in the text?

A Travelling on Christmas and New Year holidays take much money

B Most American employees use their vacation to travel every year

C Most families use cars as an economical way to travel

D American people always choose to travel in autumn

Question 154 There are many people travelling

C on Christmas and New Year D on Thanksgiving

Question 155: _ are the most popular means of transport in the USA

Question 156: The word “It” in paragraph 3 refers to _

A destination B restaurant C vacation D car

Question 157: In the USA, _

A the highways are not in good condition

B tourists cannot rent a car

C there are not any highways

D along the highways there are motels and restaurants available for tourists

For the last few years, my children have been going to a summer camp in northern Greece called Skouras Camp They always seem to have a good time, so if you’ re wondering what to do with the kids for three weeks this summer, you could do worse than send them to this beautiful camp on the shores of the Aegean Sea If your children, like mine, are keen on adventure, sports and good

company, the Skouras Camp will keep them busy all day doing the things they most enjoy Skouras

is an international camp with children from all over the world My children have made friends with children of their own age from Poland, China, Demark and the United States Naturally, they get lots

of opportunities to practise their English as this is the only language spoken The camp is located in one of the most beautiful parts of Chalkidiki It is huge (120.000 square meters) and is just a stone’s throw away from clear, blue Aegean Sea It takes the children just five minutes to walk to the golden sandy beach on foot The programme is packed with exciting activities such as horse riding and table tennis Other sports in clude baseball, volleyball and athletics The Camp ends with a sports

contest in the last week which all parents are invited to attend

Question 158: All the children come to the Camp have to

A be only keen on adventure B be at the same age

C speak English D practise basketball

Question 159: How many kinds of sports can be played in the Camp?

Question 160: All the statements are true EXCEPT _

A The parents can attend their children’sports contest

B The children will be busy taking part in the Camp’s programmed activities

C The camp is far from the Aegean Sea

D The children will take more chances of English practise

Question 161: The tone of the passage could best be described as

A supportive B negative C disbelieving D humorous Question 162: What should be the best title for the passage?

A Chalkidiki’s landscape – The Aegean Sea

B An international summer camp

C Children’s summer activities

D Advice on children caring in summer

Question 163: How long does it take the children to walk to the golden sandy beach on foot?

A 20 minutes B an hour C 5 minutes D a day

Question 164: Where is the camp located?

A in Porland B in Greece C in the United States D Denmark

Question 165: The word contest in the last sentence could be replaced by _

A competition B runner C competitor D athlete

The human criterionfor perfect vision is 20/20 for reading the standard lines on a Snellen eye

chart without a hitch The score is determined by how well you read lines of letters of different

sizes from 20 feet away But being able to read the bottom line on the eye chart does not

approximate perfection as far as other species are concerned Most birds would consider us very visually handicapped The hawk, for instance, has such sharp eyes that can spot a dime on the

sidewalk while perched on top of the Empire State Building It can make fine visual distinctions because it is blessed with one million cones per square millimetre in its retina And in water, humans are farsighted, while the kingfisher, swooping down to spear fish, can see well both in the air and

water because it is endowed with two foveae – areas of the eyes, consisting mostly of cones that

provide visual distinctions One foveae permits the bird, while in the air, to scan the water below with one eye at a time This is called monocular vision Once it hits the water, the other foveae joins

in, allowing the kingfisher to focus both eyes, like binoculars, on its prey at the same time A frog’s vision is distinguished by its ability to perceive things as a constant moving picture Known as “bug detectors”, a highly developed set of cells in a frog’s eyes responds mainly to moving objects So, it

is said that a frog sitting in a field of dead bugs wouldn’t see them as food and would starve

The bee has a “compound” eye, which is used for navigation It has 15,000 facets that divide what it sees into a pattern of dots, or mosaic With this kind of vision, the bee sees the sun only as a single dot, a constant point of reference Thus, the eye is a superb navigational instrument that constantly measures the angle of its line of flight in relation to the sun A bee’s eye also gauges flight speed And if that is not enough to leave our 20/20 “perfect vision” paling into insignificance, the bee is capable of seeing something we can’t – ultraviolet light Thus, what humans consider to

be “perfect vision” is in fact rather limited when we look at other species However, there is still much to be said for the human eye Of all mammals, only humans and some primates can enjoy pleasures of colour vision

Question 166: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A limits of the human eye

B perfect vision

C different eyes for different uses

D eye variation among different species

Question 167: The phrase “without a hitch” is closet in meaning to

C with little hesitation D easily

Question 168: According to the passage, why might birds and animals consider humans very

visually handicapped?

A humans can’t see very well in either air or water

B humans eyes are not as well suited to our needs

C the main outstanding feature of human eyes is color vision

D human eyes can’t do what their eyes can do

Question 169: The word “that” in line 9 refers to _

A foveae B areas of the eye C cones D visual distinctions Question 170: According to the passage, “bug detectors” are useful for _

A navigation

B seeing moving objects

C avoiding bugs when getting food

D avoiding starvation

Question 171: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A kingfishers have monocular vision

B bees see patterns of dots

C hawks eyes consist mostly of cones that can allow it to scan with one eye at a time

D humans are farsighted in water

Question 172: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A eyes have developed differently in each species

B bees have the most complex eye

C humans should not envy what they don’t need

D perfect vision is not perfect

It’s often said that we learn things at the wrong time University students frequently do the minimum of work because they’re crazy about a good social life instead Children often scream before their piano practice because it’s so boring They have to be given gold stars and medals to be persuaded to swim, or have to be bribed to take exams But the story is different when you’re older

Over the years, I’ve done my share of adult learning At 30, I went to a college and did

courses in History and English It was an amazing experience For starters, I was paying, so there

was no reason to be late – I was the one frowning and drumming my fingers if the tutor was late, not the other way round Indeed, if I could persuade him to linger for an extra five minutes, it was a bonus, not a nuisance I wasn’t frightened to ask questions, and homework was a pleasure not a pain When I passed an exam, I had passed it for me and me alone, not for my parents or my teachers The satisfaction I got was entirely personal

Some people fear going back to school because they worry that their brains have got rusty

But the joy is that, although some parts have rusted up, your brain has learnt all kinds of other things since you were young It has learnt to think independently and flexibly and is much better at relating one thing to another What you lose in the rust department, you gain in the maturity department

In some ways, age is a positive plus For instance, when you’re older, you get less frustrated Experience has told you that, if you’re calm and simply do something carefully again and again, eventually you’ll get the hang of it The confidence you have in other areas – from being able to drive a car, perhaps – means that if you can’t, say, build a chair instantly, you don’t, like a child, want to destroy your first pathetic attempts Maturity tells you that you will, with application,

eventually get there

Question 173: It is implied in paragraph 1 that

A young learners often lack a good motivation for learning

B young learners are usually lazy in their class

C teachers should give young learners less homework

D parents should encourage young learners to study more

Question 174: The writer’s main point in paragraph 2 is to show that as people grow up,

A they tend to learn less as they are discouraged

B they cannot learn as well as younger learners

C they get more impatient with their teachers

D they have a more positive attitude towards learning

Question 175: The phrase “For starters” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by “ ”

A For beginners B At the starting point

C At the beginning D First and foremost

Question 176: While doing some adult learning courses at a college, the writer was surprised

A to have more time to learn B to be able to learn more quickly

C to feel learning more enjoyable D to get on better with the tutor

Question 177: In paragraph 3, the word “rusty” means

A not as good as it used to be through lack of practice

B impatient because of having nothing to do

C staying alive and becoming more active

D covered with rust and not as good as it used to be

Question 178: All of the following are true about adult learning EXCEPT

A young people usually feel less patient than adults

B experience in doing other things can help one’s learning

C adult learners have fewer advantages than young learners

D adults think more independently and flexibly than young people

Question 179: It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that maturity is a positive plus in the learning

process because adult learners

A pay more attention to detail than younger learners

B are able to organize themselves better than younger learners

C are less worried about learning than younger learners

D have become more patient than younger learners

Question 180: What is the writer’s main purpose in the passage?

A To encourage adult learning B To show how fast adult learning is

C To explain reasons for learning D To describe adult learning methods

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in

the past two decades The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is

jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems

As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction In most situations, the result is irreversible Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such

as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human

species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes selves, that will lead to biological devastation Life on Earth has continually been in flux

as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments

Question 181: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A The variety of species found in tropical rain forests

B The cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs

C The time required for species to adapt to new environments

D The impact of human activities on Earth's ecosystems

Question 182: The word “critical” is closest in meaning to

A essential B negative C complicated D interesting

Question 183: The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 7-8 to

suggest that _

A humans are often made ill by polluted water

B new habitats can be created for species

C some species have been made extinct by human activity

D understanding evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing

Question 184: The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans on the world’s ecosystems EXCEPT _