BAI T P TH C HANH Â Ự Exercise 1: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group... cooperateExercise 2: Find the word whose underlined p
Trang 1CHUYÊN Đ I – PHONETICS - CHUYÊN Đ V NG ÂM Ê Ê Ê Ữ
TI T 1 -3 BU I 1 Ê Ô
BÀI 1 PHONETIC SYMBOLS - B NG PHIÊN ÂM QU C T Ả Ố Ế
1 The symbols vowel sounds (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các nguyên âm):ệ ủ
1.1 The symbols of pure vowel sounds (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các nguyên âm đ n):ệ ủ ơ
/ І /
or
/ i /
a village /’vilid /ʒ package /’pækid /ʒ assemblage / ’semblid /ә ʒ
/ i: / ea lead /li:d/ seaside /’si:said/ meaningful /’mi:niŋf l/ʊ
/ e /
/ : ɔ /
a talk /t :k/ɔ walk /w :k/ɔ water /’w :t (r)/ɔ ә
oa broad /br :d/ɔ broaden/’br :dn/ɔ abroad / ’br :d/ә ɔ
oo door /d :(r)/ɔ floor /fl :(r)/ɔ floorage /’fl :rid /ɔ ʒ
or fork /f :k/ɔ sport /sp :t/ɔ transport /’trænsp :t/ɔ
ou fought /f :t/ɔ thought / :t/θɔ bought /b :t/ɔ / / o u some /sm/ shut /ʃt/ come /km/ muddy /’mdi/ done /dn/ budget /’bd it/ʒ
/ : ɑ /
a task /ta:sk/ fast /fa:stk/ broadcast /br :d’ka:st/ɔ
ar card /ka:d/ retard /ri’ta:d/ farther /’fa: r/ә
ear heart /ha:t/ hearten /’ha:t n/ә hearth /ha: /θ
/ ʊ /
or
/ u /
ou could /k ld/ʊ would /w ld/ʊ should / ld/ʃʊ
/ u: / oe u frugal /’fru:g l/ shoe / u: /ʃ ә conclude /k n’klu:d/ shoebill /’ u:bil/ʃ ɔ illusion /i’lu: n/ shoemaker /’ u:meik r/ʃʃ ә
ui fruit /fru:t/ cruise /kru:s/ recruit /ri’kru:t/
/ ә / a o await / ’weit/ tonight /t ’nait/ә ә about / ’baut/ potato /p ’teit u/әә ә machine /m ’ i:n/ tomorrow /t ’m rә ʃә ɔ әʊ/
er reader /’ri:d r/ә writer /’rait r/ә cruiser /’kru:s r/ә
or actor /’ækt r/ә doctor /’d kt r/ɔ ә translator /’trænsleit r/ә
/ : з /
er prefer /pri’f : r/з merchant /’m :t ntз ʃә
ir shirt / :t/ʃз skirt /sk :t/з first /f :st/з
ur hurt /h :t/з further /’ :ʃз /ә furnish /’ :ni /ʃз ʃ
ear heard /h :d/з earth / : /з θ earthen /’ :з θәn/
1 2 The diphthongs (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các nguyên đôi):ệ ủ
Trang 2/ ei / ai a case /keis/ maid /meid/ baby /beibi/ maiden /’meidn/ lazy /leizi/ maidenly /’meidnli/
ei eight /eit/ eighthly /’ei li/θ eiranic /ei’rænik/
/ i / ɔ oi soil /s il/ɔ coin /k in/ɔ spoil /sp il/ɔ
oy employ /im’pl i/ɔ enjoy /ii’d i/ʒɔ employment /im’pl imnt/ɔ
/ a / ʊ ou mouse /ma s/ʊ mouth /maʊθ/ surround /s :’ra nd/з ʊ
ow now /na /ʊ power /’pa r/ʊ ә cowboy /’ka b i/ʊ ɔ
/ әʊ /
o cold /kәʊld/ scold /skәʊld/ fold /fәʊld/
/ i / ә ear hear /hi (r)/ә fear /fi (r)/ә near /ni (r)/ә
ere here /hi (r)/ә merely /’mi li/ә atmosphere /’ætm sfi (r)ɔ ә
/
/ e / ә
ere there /e (r)/ә therapy /’ e r pi/θ ә ә thereabout /’e r ba t/ә ә ʊ
are fare /fe (r)/ә share / e (r)/ʃ ә stare /ste (r)/ә
air hair /he (r)/ә fair /fe (r)/ә stairs /ste (r)s/ә
/ ʊә / our tour /tʊә(r)/ tourer /tʊә әr / tourism /’tʊәrizm/
2 The symbols of the consonant sounds (Các kí hi u phiên âm c a các ph âm):ệ ủ ụ
2.1 The symbols of voiceless consonants (Kí hi u phiên âm c a các ph âm vô thanh):ệ ủ ụ
/ f / ph f five /faiv/ physics /’fiziks/ formal /’f :m l/ physician /fi’zi n/ɔ әʃ family /’fæmili/ physical /fi’zik l/ә
/ / th throw / rθ әʊ/ thunder /’θnd (r)/ә sixth /siks /θ
/ t / t teach /ti:t /ʃ temple /’temp l/ә tittle /’tait l/ә
ed looked /l kt/ʊ laughed /la:ft/ stopped /st pt/ɔ
/ s / s site /sait/ sandy /’sændi/ sample /’sæmp l/ә
c centre /’sent /ә century /’sent ri/ʃʊ cell /sel/
/ / ʃ
sh sheep / i:p/ʃ sheet / i:t/ʃ English /’iŋli /ʃ
s sugar /’ g /ʃʊ ә sugary /’ g ri/ʃʊ ә sure /’ʃʊә(r)/
/ t∫ / ch choice /t is/ʃɔ church /t :t /ʃз ʃ chimney /’t imni/ʃ
t fixture /'fikst∫ /ә future / 'fju:t∫ /ә question / 'kwest∫n/
c concert
/k n’s :t/ɔ з
cancel /’kæns l/ә comedy /’kmedi/
ch chemist /’kemist/ chemistry /’kemistri/ chemical /’kemik l/ә
q quite /kwait/ question / 'kwest∫n/ conquest /’k ŋkwest/ɔ
/ h / h hike /haik/ hunger /’hŋg (r)/ә homeless /’hәʊmlis/
wh whoop /hu:p/ whose /hu:z/ wholesale /’h lseil/ɔʊ
2.2 The symbols of voiced consonants (Kí hi u phiên âm c a các ph âm h u thanh):ệ ủ ụ ữ
/ v / v visit /vizit/ van /væn/ victory /vlkt ri/ә
/ / th them / m/ә with /wi/ though / /әʊ
Trang 3/ d / d done /dn/ doctor /’d kt (r)/ɔ ә dancer /dæns (r)/ә
ed lived /livd/ earned / :nd/з cancelled /’kæns ld/ә
/ z / z zebra /zi:br /ә zip /zip/ zealot /’zel t/ә
s visit /’vizit/ visual /’vizjʊәl/ teachers /ti:t z/ʃә
/ / ʒ s vision /’vi n/ʒ usual /’jʊʒʊәl/ usually /’jʊʒʊәli/
/ d / ʒ g germ /d :m/ʒз gene /d i:n/ʒ age /eid /ʒ
j jam /d æm/ʒ jam /d æz/ʒ joyful /d if l/ʒɔ ʊ
/ l / l little /’lit l/ә lamp /læmp/ light /lait/
/ m / m monk /m ŋk/ɔ mammal /’mæm l/ә Monday /’mndei/
/ n / n name /neim/ number /nmb /ә noise /n is/ɔ
/ ŋ / n think / iŋk/θ thank / æŋk/θ sink /siŋk/
/ r / r rural /’rʊә әr l/ ring /riŋ/ reader /’ri:d /ә
wh when /wen/ whistle /’wis l/ә whisper /’wisp /ә
/ j / y young /jŋ/ yearly /’ji li/ә youth /ju: /θ
u music /’mju:sik/ unit /’ju:nit/ university /ju:ni’v :siti/з
/ / ф
mute
cases
h honest /’ :nist/ɔ hour /aʊә/ heir /ai /ә
k knight /nait/ knit /nit/ known /n n/ɔʊ
p pneumonia
/nj ’m :ni /ʊ ɔ ә
psychology
/sai’k :l d i/ɔ ɔ ʒ
psychiatrist
/sai’ki trist/ә K T THUC BU I 1 Ê Ô
TI T 4 -6 BU I 2 Ê Ô
BÀI 2 BAI T P TH C HANH Â Ự
Exercise 1: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
of the same group.
Trang 412 A car B coach C century D cooperate
Exercise 2: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
of the same group.
Trang 517 A blood B tool C moon D spool
Exercise 3: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
of the same group.
Exercise 4: Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
of the same group.
Trang 61 A loved B appeared C agreed D coughed
12 A bought B sought C drought D fought
K T THUC BU I 2 Ê Ô
TI T 7-9 BU I 3 Ê Ô
BÀI 3 STRESS & RULES TO MARK STRESS
QUI T C ĐANH TR NG ÂM Ắ O
1 What is the main (primary) stress of a word? Main (primary) stress of a word (bearing more
than one syllable) is the degree of the loudness or prominence with which a sound ort a word is pronounced
2 Some basic rules to mark stresses – Nh ng qui t c xác đ nh v trí tr ng âm c b n:ữ ắ ị ị ọ ơ ả
2.1 For di-syllable words: Đ i v i các t có 2 âm ti t.ố ớ ừ ế
a Tr ng âm chính c a các t có hai âm ti t ọ ủ ừ ế thườ r i vào âm ti t th 2 đ i v i các đ ng t -ng ơ ế ứ ố ớ ộ ừ
tr các âm ti t th 2 đó có ch a nguyên âm / /, /i/, ho c /ừ ế ứ ứ ә ặ әʊ/, và r i vào âm ti t th nh t đ iơ ế ứ ấ ố
v i các t lo i còn l i, tr trớ ừ ạ ạ ừ ường h p âm ti t th nh t đó có ch a nguyên âm đ n / / ợ ế ứ ấ ứ ơ ә
Trang 7ho c: ặ Adjectives Transcriptions Adverbs Transcriptions
Except for: Ngo i tr các tr ạ ừ ườ ng h p ợ
Verbs Transcriptions Others Transcriptions
3 broaden / ’br d n /ɔ ә 1 3 around / ’ra nd /ә ʊ 2
b Đ i v i nh ng t có mang ti n t , h u t , tr ng âm chính c a t đó ố ớ ữ ừ ề ố ậ ố ọ ủ ừ thườ r i vào âm ti tng ơ ế
g c Nh b ng sau:ố ư ả
Prefixes Transcriptions Suffixes Transcriptions
Ngo i tr : unkeep / ’ạ ừ nki:p/
Chú ý: Đ i v i nh ng t có nhi u ch c năng t v ng khác nhau, tr ng âm chính thố ớ ữ ừ ề ứ ừ ự ọ ường r i vàoơ
âm ti t th 2 đ i v i đ ng t , r i vào âm ti t th nh t đ i v i các t lo i còn l i Nh b ng sau:ế ứ ố ớ ộ ừ ơ ế ứ ấ ố ớ ừ ạ ạ ư ả
Verbs Transcriptions Others Transcriptions
2 progress / pr ’gres /ә 2 2 progress / ’pr gres /ɔ 1
2.2 For words with more than two syllables: Đ i v i các t có h n 2 âm ti t.ố ớ ừ ơ ế
a Đ i v i các t có h n hai âm ti t thông thố ớ ừ ơ ế ường tr ng âm chính ọ th ườ r i vào âm ti t th ng ơ ế ứ
ba k t âm ti t cu i Nh b ng sau: ể ừ ế ố ư ả
2 cinema / ’sin m /ә ә 12 democracy / di’m :kr si /ɔ ә
4 singular / ’siŋgj l /ʊ ә 14 dedicate / ’delikeit /
b Đ i v i các t có t n cùng nh ố ớ ừ ậ ư “ian”, “ic”, “ience”, “ient”, “al”, “ial”, “ual”, “eous”, “ious”, “iar”,
“ion”, tr ng âm ọ thườ r i vào âm ti t li n trng ơ ế ề ướ ủc c a các t n cùng này – th 2 k t âm ti tậ ứ ể ừ ế
cu i Nh b ng sau:ố ư ả
3 ience experience / iks’pri ns /ә convenience / k n’veni n /ә ә
4 ient expedient / iks’pedi nt /ә ingredient / in’gri:di n /ә
6 ial essential / i’sen l/ʃә confidential / k nfi’den l /ә ʃә
7 ual habitual / hæ’bi:tʃʊәl / individual / indi’vi:dʊәl /
8 eous courageous / k ’rægɔ әʊs / spontaneous / sp n’tænɔ әʊs /
Trang 89 ious delicious / de’li: iʃ әʊs / industrious / in’dstri s /әʊ
10 ion decision / die’si:zn / communication / k mj ni’kei n /ә ʊ ʃ
11 iar familiar / f ’mi:li /ә ә unfamiliar / nf ’mi:li /ә ә
Tr : ừ television / ’televizn /
c Đ i v i các t có t n cùng ố ớ ừ ậ “ese”, “ee’, “eer”, “ier”, “ette”, “oo”, “esque”, tr ng âm ọ thườ r i vàong ơ chính các âm ti t ch a các t n cùng này Nh b ng sau:ế ứ ậ ư ả
2 eer volunteer / v lɔn’ti /ә engineer / end i’ni /ʒ ә
5 esque bamboo / bæm’bu: / picturesque / pikt ’res /ʃә
d Đ i v i các t có t n cùng là ố ớ ừ ậ “ate”, “fy”, “ity”, “ize”, tr ng âm chính ọ thườ r i vào âm ti t thng ơ ế ứ
ba k t âm ti t cu i Nh b ng sau:ể ừ ế ố ư ả
Endings Words Transcriptions Words Transcriptions
3 ity ability / ’bi:liti /ә responsibility / resp si’bi:liti /ɔ
4 ize recognize / ’rek gnaiz /ɔ urbanize / ’ :b naiz /ɜ ә
e M t s trộ ố ườ ng h p đ c bi t c n l u ý: ợ ặ ệ ầ ư
on the first syllable on the second syllable
3 interested / ’int ristid /ә 3 deliver / di’liv /ә
4 interesting / ’int risti ŋ /ә 4 september / sep’temb /ә
6 characterize / ’kærikt raiz /ә 6 november / nәʊ’vemb /ә
8 difference / ’dif r ns /ә ә 3 rd syllable words Transcriptions
9 differently / ’dif r ntli /ә ә 1 magazine / mæg ’zi:n/ә
12 difficultly / ’difik ltli /ә 4 comprehend / k mpri’hend/ɔ
Notes: chú ý:
- Trên th c t không có m t qui t c b t bi n cho vi c xác đ nh v trí tr ng âm c a t ự ế ộ ắ ấ ế ệ ị ị ọ ủ ừ
- Vi c xác đ nh tr ng âm c n th c hi n cùng cách phát âm, d a nhi u vào kinh nghi m ệ ị ọ ầ ự ệ ự ề ệ
K T THUC BU I 3 Ê Ô
TI T 10-12 BU I 4 Ê Ô
BÀI 2 BÀI T P TH C HÀNHẬ Ự
Exercise 1: Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group.
Trang 99 A emergency B encourage C shortage D distraction
Exercise 2: Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group.
Exercise 3: Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group.
Trang 1019 A abandon B discover C imagine D satisfy
K T THUC BU I 4 Ê Ô
TI T 13-15 BU I 5 Ê Ô
BÀI 5 TENSES OF VERBS - THI C A Đ NG T Ủ Ộ Ừ
I The present tenses: Các thì hi n t iệ ạ
1 The simple present tense: Thì hi n t i thệ ạ ường
1.1 The form: Công th c c u t oứ ấ ạ
( + ) S - V ( - ) S - don’t/ doesn’t - V ( ? ) Do/ Does - S - V?
1.2 The usage: Trường h p s d ngợ ử ụ
- To denote actions that happened repeatedly Di n t nh ng hành đ ng đễ ả ữ ộ ượ ặc l p đi l pặ
l i,ạ
thường đi v i các tr ng t ch t n su t nh : ớ ạ ừ ỉ ầ ấ ư always, usually, often, sometimes, etc.
He does not often fishes on Sundays Do you usually get bad marks?
- To denote long lasting events Di n t hành đ ng t n t i lâu dài nh m t đi u t t y u.ễ ả ộ ồ ạ ư ộ ề ấ ế
e.g We live in Concord street He works for a factory near his house
We go to the school in the morning.They watch stars at night
- To denote a true fact Di n t nh ng s th t hi n nhiên.ễ ả ữ ự ậ ể
e.g The earth moves around the Sun The Sun rises in the east
There seems to be more rain in summer than that in winter
Water evaporates
1.3 The recognition: Các d u hi u nh n bi t c a thì này là các tr ng t ch th i gian vàấ ệ ậ ế ủ ạ ừ ỉ ờ
t n su t nh sau:ầ ấ ư
- now/ nowadays/ today/ this summer/…
- always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ occasionally/…
- the proof of constant truth
1.4 Notes: Chú ý
- To denote a plan/ prediction/ timetables/… Thì Hi n t i thệ ạ ường còn dùng đ di n tể ễ ả
m t k ho ch, d đoán,hay th i gian bi u nh :ộ ế ạ ự ờ ể ư
e.g A: When does the first train leave?
B: It leaves at 9.00 (The train does not actually leave at the time of speaking)
- The division of “be”, “have”, “can, may, must”,…
2 The present progressive tense: Thì hi n t i ti p di nệ ạ ế ễ
2.1 The form: Công th c c u t oứ ấ ạ
( + ) S - am/ are/ is - V-ING ( - ) S - am/ are/ is - not - V-ING ( ? ) Am/ Are/ Is - S - V-ING?
2.2 The usage: Cách s d ngử ụ
- To denote happening actions at the time of speaking Di n t nh ng hành đ ng đang di nễ ả ữ ộ ễ
ra t i th i đi m nói, thạ ờ ể ường đi v i các tr ng t : ớ ạ ừ now, right now, at the moment, at this time,
etc e.g She is teaching Maths now He is watching a football match at the moment
- To denote the interruption/ intention/ prediction/ plan/… Di n t nh ng d ki n, dễ ả ữ ự ế ự đoán, nh ng s vi c s p di n ra.ữ ự ệ ắ ễ
e.g.She is coming soon (In fact, she has not come yet) Be quiet! The baby is sleeping
We are going to Hanoi tomorrow Be quicker! The train is leaving
2.3 The recognition: D u hi u nh n bi t c a thì này căn c vào các tr ng t sau:ấ ệ ậ ế ủ ứ ạ ừ
- now/ right now/ at present/ at this time/ at this moment/…
e.g Right now, they are working in the factory
Trang 11- follow a command, request,…
e.g Be quiet! I am trying to listen to some important news
2.4 Notes: Đi m c n l u ýể ầ ư
- The ING-forms – G p đôi ph âm cu i khi t o present participles v i các đ ng t sau:ấ ụ ố ạ ớ ộ ừ
getting, running, having, writing, dying, lying,…)
e.g She is running in the park now
- The omission of the verbs of awareness or sensation as - m t s đ ng t không dùng choộ ố ộ ừ
thì hi n t i ti p di n nh : be/ see/ hear/ understand/ know/ like/ want/ệ ạ ế ễ ư glance/ feel/ think/ smell/ love/ hate/ realize/ seem/ remember/ forget/…(use the simple present instead - mà thay vào đó ta dùng thì hi n t i thệ ạ ường đ di nể ễ
t ).ả
3 The present perfect tense: Thì hi n t i hoàn thànhệ ạ
3.1 The form: Công th c c u t o ứ ấ ạ
( + ) S - have/ has - P.P ( - ) S - haven’t/ hasn’t - P.P ( ? ) Have/ Has - S - P.P?
3.2 The usage: Cách s d ngử ụ
- To denote actions that happened in the past but having results, relating, or still happening
at present e.g We have lived here since 1990 They have learned English for 5 years
- To denote actions that happened right before the time of speaking, using “just”
e.g She has just come from New York They have just bought a new house
- To denote unfulfilled actions with “yet”
e.g He hasn’t come yet Have you met him yet?
- To denote past actions; no certain time expression, using “already”
e.g We have already seen that film She has already been to Paris
3.3 The recognition:
- just = recently = lately.- ever/ never e.g We haven’t gone to the theatre recently
- already/ yet/ since/ for/ so far/ until now/ up to now (present)
e.g He has written ten books so far
3.4 Notes:
- Past participles: (regular verbs adding “ed”./ irregular verbs “learn by heart”)
- The differences between the present perfect and the simple past tense.
4 The present perfect progressive tense: Thì hi n t i hoàn thành ti p di nệ ạ ế ễ
4.1 The form: Công th c c u t o ứ ấ ạ
( + ) S - have/ has - been - V-ing ( - ) S - haven’t/ hasn’t - been - V-ing ( ? ) Have/ Has - S - been - V-ing?
4.2 The usage: Cách s d ngử ụ
- To denote actions that happened in the past but having results, relating, or still happening
at present e.g We have been living here since 1990
They have been learning English for 6 years now
4.3 The recognition: D u hi u nh n bi t since/ for/ with verbs as: live, work, wait,…ấ ệ ậ ế
e.g She has been waiting for 6 hours now
They have been playing since 3 o’clock
K T THUC BU I 5 Ê Ô
TI T 16-18 BU I 6 Ê Ô
BÀI 6 PRACTICE EXERCISES – BAI T P TH C HANH Â Ự
I – Read the answers and complete the questions in the following conversation.
1 A: Where _? B: I live at 215 Le Loi Street