Bull of N.Y. Museum Bulletin 105 Botany 9 Report of the state botanist, H. Peck 1905

SIR: I herewith transmit for publication as a bulletin of the StateMuseum the annual report of the State Botanist for the year endingSeptember30, 1905... REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 190

New York State Education Department

New York State Museum

JOHN M.CLARKE Director

CHARLES H PECK State Botanist

Contributors and their

PAGB

Species of Crataegus Found

with-in Twenty Miles of Albany.

ALBANYNBW YORK: STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMBNT

1906

Director of State Um-atJ

EDWIN H ANDBRSON M.A

M.CLARKE Ph.D LL.D

CWe' of DlybDOJDI

Accounts,WILLIAM: MASON

D SULLIVAN

New York State Education Department

Hon Andrew S Draper LL.D.

SIR: I herewith transmit for publication as a bulletin of the StateMuseum the annual report of the State Botanist for the year endingSeptember30, 1905

New York State Education Department

New York State Museum

JOHN M CLARKE Director

CHARLES H PECK State Botanist

Bulletin 105BOTANY 9

To John M Clarke, Director of Science Division:

.I have the honor of submitting to you the following report ofwork done in the botanical department of the State Museum duringthe year 1905

Specimens of plants for the State herbarium have been collected

in the countiesof Albany, Allegany, Essex, Livingston, Rensselaer,Saratoga, Steuben, Suffolk, Warren and Wyoming Specimenshave been contributed that were collected in thecounties of Albany,Chautauqua, Columbia, Fulton, Herkimer, Monroe, Oneida, Onon-daga, Orleans, Oswego, Queens, Rensselaer, Suffolk, Tompkins, War-ren, Washington, Wayne and Westchester Specimens have also beencontributed or sent for identification that were collected in the states

ofCalifornia, Connecticut, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, sachusetts,Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey,NorthCarolina, Pennsylvania and Virginia; also in the District ofColumbia, and in the country of Mexico and the provinces of Al-berta, British 'Columbia, New Brunswick and Ontario

Mas-The numberof New York species added to the herbarium is 277

Of these, 76 are new to the herbarium A list of the names of thesespeciesmay be found under the title "Plants added to the herba-rium."

The number of contributions received, 'including specimens sentfor identification,when their character and condition was such as tomake their preservation desirable, is 63 A list of the names of thecontributors and their respective contributions is given under thetitle ccContributors and their contributions."

One of the 'most notable of these contributions consists of a belljar containing about 6 quarts of dried specimens of an edible

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905 7The number of species of plants identified for correspondents andothers who have sent or brought specimens to the office of theBotanist for this purpose is60I. The number of persons for whomidentifications have been made is 86.

The work of testing our wild mushrooms for their edible qualitieshas been continued The number of species tried and approved is

I I. Descriptions of these have been written and constitute a ter on edible fungi They are illustrated on 10 plates by coloredfigures of natural size Similar figures of four new species of fungihave been prepared on two plates The number of species andvarieties of New York edible mushrooms figured and described up tothe present time is 172.

chap-Mr Stewart H Burnham was employed as temporary assistantduring July, August and September He continued the work be-gun by him last year and was chiefly engaged in disinfecting, ar-ranging and labeling specimens He also assisted in conductingthe correspondence of the office and in the identification of speci-mens sent by correspondents

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905 9

Arnanitopsis vaginata (Bull.) Raze

Bovista plumbea Pers.

Clitocybe ochropurpurea Berk.

Drosera rotund comosa Fern.

Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn Entomosporium maculatum Lev.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905 I I Mrs P H Dudley, New York

Miss Alice Eastwood, San Francisco Cal.

Miss T L Smith, Worcester Mass.

Miss Adeline VanHorne, Montreal Can.

Mrs Elizabeth Watrous, New York

Mrs M S Whetstone, Minneapolis Minn.

F H Ames, Brooklyn

:I P

York

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905

B D Gilbert, Clayville

N M Glatfelter, St Louis Mo.

13

Antennaria amoglossa Greene

Betula populifolia Marsh.

Botrychium obliq habereri Gilb.

Callitriche heterophylla Pursh

Drosera intermedia Hayne

Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn.

Hex vert cyclophylla Robins.

C C Hanmer, East Hartford Ct.

A A.

P

c.

G B.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905

R H Stevens, Detroit Mich.

Osaka Mushroom Merchants Association, St Louis Mo.

SPECIES NOT BEFORE REPORTED

Actaea ebumeaRydb

Meadowdale and Karner, Albany co May, in flower July, infruit Formerly considered a form of Act a e a alb a withslender pedicels

Aecidium trientalis Tranz

On living leaves of star flower, T ri e n talisam e ric a n a East Lake George marsh June S H Burnham

Anthostoma gastrina (Fr.) SaccoDead bark of hickory Crown Point, Essex co

Boletus acidus n sp

Pileus fleshy, rather thin, firm, convex, very glutinous when moist,yellowish white, the margin of young plants often appendiculatewith fragments of the whitish fioccoseend glutinous' veil, flesh

16

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905 17Pileus 1-1.5 inches broad; stem I-I.$inches long, 2-4 lines thick.Woods Pittsford, Monroe co September F S Boughton.The color of the stem of this species indicates a relationship withsuch species as Cor tin a r ius sangui n e u sand C cin -nab a ri nus The discoverer of the species describes the colors

of the cap and gills as very similar to those of elitoeyb e

o chr0 pur pur ea The red stern and violet or purplishviolet gills of the young plant make it a beautiful and very attrac-tive species

Crataegus acuminata Sarg.iThe acuminate thorn is closely related to C st r c e t era eand C g 1 a u cop h y 11 a , but it may be separated from the first

by the absence of wrinkles from the leaves, and from the second by

the absence of glaucous hues from them

Crataegus ambrosia Sarg,The ambrosial thorn is so closely allied to the Hall thorn that theyare not readily distinguished from each other when in flower, butwith the full development of the leaves and fruit they are easilyseparated, the leaves being broader and the fruit of the ambrosialthorn being much larger and fewer in a cluster It also persistslater in the season The bushes are red with fruit to the end ofNovember

Crataegus asperifolia Sarg

The roughish-leaved thorn is similar in its general characters to therubicund thorn, C rubi c u n d a , from which it may be sepa-rated by its glabrous calyx tube, which is also less reddish, moreglandular calyx lobes and shorter pointed leaves The petioles

in our specimens are also generally shorter The fruit of typical

C asp e r.i f0 1i a is described as having yellow flesh, but in ourspecimensit becomes tinged with red late in the season

Crataegus beckiana Sallg

The Beck thorn in some of its characters is suggestive of C.rho m bi f0 1ia, but it is a much larger treelike shrub withthicker leaves, glabrous calyx tube and with large droopingclusters

of fruit

Crataegus caesariata Sarg

The hairy thorn belongs to the group Coccineae and when inflower it might betaken to be a form of C C 0 C ci n ea Its

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905

c. s u c c ul

are more

and

Crataegus oblongifoliaThe leaved thorn to the group Molles and is re-

to C x c usa Its flowers the anthers morecolored than in form of C e x c and

much

It

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905

It is broadly rounded or almost truncate at the base and slightlynarrowed toward the apex The plants bear fruit abundantlywhen only 4 or 6 feet tall, but they sometimes become 12 to 16

feet tall They grow on rather light but rocky soil,

The five stamened thorn, in its typical form,is said to have fivestamens and to be a tree Our forms are mostly shrubs and thestamensvaryfrom 5to 10in flowersonthesame shrub

The polished thorn has been found in only one locality in our ritory I t there grows in poor rocky soil

ter-Crataegus rhombifolia Sarge

The rhombic leaved thorn belongs to the thin leaved section ofthe group Tomentosae It is, with us, ashrub of moderatesize and

has flowers with 10 stamens and pink anthers The pedicels arehairy and the calyx tube is also more or less hairy The species israther common in the vicinity of Albany

Crataegus robbinsiana Sarge

The Robbins thornsometimesformsasmall tree but in the vicinity

of Albany it is more often a shrub The appearance of the 'leavessuggests a relationship to such species of the group Intricatae as

C i n t ric a t a and C foe tid a, but the fruit is pruinoseand the species is referable to the -group Pruinosae,

Crataegus rubrocarnea Sarg

The red fleshed thorn takes itsname from the deep red color ofthe flesh of the fully ripened fruit Itis closely related to C rub-

i c u n d a but may be distinguished from it by its more globosefruit in fewer fruited clusters and more persistent calyx lobes It

is at present limited to a single locality

"The separated thorn is allied to the polished thorn, C pol ita,

froIiit~whichit is separated by its short, stout, hairypedicels,more

PLATE S, FIG <)-15

Pileus thin but firm, broadly convex or nearly plane, glabrous,

The Siberian cranesbill is an introduced

lY, ,nUil"'f1"'1llY p.len~tlttlLUVand at

Gloeosporium rlessii Schl, & Sacco

Geneva. October

C Stewart,

D B

23the free development of the pileus When young, the pileus iswhitish or white tinged with yellow It soon assumes a buffcolor,with the margin commonly with blue and becoming a darkerblue where bruised In old specimens the center or sometimes thewhole becomes ferruginous brown The aculei are at first whitebut they become brown or ferruginous brown with age The sporesare purplish brown, subglobose or oval,.00016of an inch in diame-ter.

The plant has a farinaceous odor when cut or bruised It issometimes cespitose It grows under" hemlock trees Horicon, War-ren co July

Hypomyces camphorati n sp

Subiculum thin, effused, overrunning and obliterating thehymenium of the host plant, yellow; perithecia numerous, minute,immersed in the subiculum, the ostiolum exposed, brown; asci verylong, .005-.006 of an inch (sporiferous part), eight spored; sporesmonostichous, oblong fusiform, continuous, acute or slightlycuspidate at each end, .0005-.0006 of an inch long, .00016-.0002

broad

On the hymenium of Lac tar ius campharat us.Port Jefferson, Suffolk co August

Closely allied to H vol e m i Pk from which it is distinguished

by its yellow subiculum, its longer asci and acute or cuspidatespores

Hypomyces lateritius (Fr.) Tu!

On the hymenium of Lac tar ius indig o Pittsford,Monroe co F S Boughton

Inocybe diminuta n sp

Pileus thin, hemispheric becoming convex or nearly plane,squamose with hairy, erect or squarrose scales in the center, fibril-lose on the margin, grayish brown; lamellae sub distant , broadlysinuate, adnexed, ventricose, at first whitish, then brownish orrusty brown; stem short, firm, solid, silky fibrillose, whitish in theupper part, grayish brown and subsquamulose toward the base;spores subglobose, nodulose, .0'0°3-.0004 of an inch long, .0'003

Lactarlus rimosellus Pk,

lines thick Railroad

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905

Living leaves of peppermint, Ment hapiper ita port, Madison co July

Lake-The diseased tissue shrinks below the level of the surroundinghealthy tissue and eventually separates from it and falls away,leaving, circular holes in the leaves

Marasmius longistriatus n sp

PLATE S, FIG 1-4

Pileus membranaceous, convex becoming with a centraldepression or sometimes broadly infundibuliform, moist whenyoung and striate almost to the center, bay-brown when moist,reddish gray when dry; lamellae thin, narrow, close, adnate, un-.equal, whitish;' stem equal, externally cartilaginous, stuffed orhollow, covered with a grayish downy pubescence which is some-times longer at the base

Pileus 3-6 lines 'broad; stem 8-12 lines long, 5 of a line thick Under pine and hemlock 'trees Bolton Landing July

This resembles M sub n u d u s in color but it is a muchsmaller plant with long fine striae on the pileus and with muchcloser lamellae The central depression resembles that of Cop-rinus plicatilis

Melanogaster durissimus eke

Menands, Albany co September 1904. A single specimen,somewhat smaller than the type form and without the strong odorattributed to that form, was found Its hardness is remarkableand proves the appropriate character of the specific name Thetype form was found in India, but specimens of the species havebeen reported from California by Dr H W Harkness It is mani-festly a species rarely found, but one having a wide range

Merulius pruni n sp

Effused, thin, separable from-the matrix, soft, with a definitewhitish or pallid scarcely byssin margin; folds forming angular orirregular pores with dentate or sometimes irpiciform dissepiments,ecru drab when fresh, darker orsubcervine when dry

Bark of wild red cherry, P run u s pen n s y 1 vani ca.Horicon July

It forms patches several inches long and broad, but these appear

as if formed by the confluence of many small orbicular patches,the hymenium being faintly markedby concentric ridges or elevatedlines The texture issoft,and somewhat waxy yet slightly tenaciousand the margin is nearly glabrous The specimens are sterile

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I905

in the shape of the spores which are nearly globose and not at allcurved as in P crue n t a

Physoderma menyanthis DeBy Living leaves of buck bean, Meny ant h e s t ri f0 1i at a Bonaparte swamp, Lewis co June This has been found

as far north as Alaska

Pluteus grandis n sp

Pileus fleshy, firm, convex with the thin margin sometimes curvedupward, silky fibrillose, white or whitish, flesh white, taste farin-aceous; lamellae thin, close, free, denticulate on the edge, whitishbecoming flesh-colored; stem rather long, equal, firm, solid, silkyfibrillose, white; 'spores subglobose, angular, uninucleate, .0003 of

an inch broad

Pileus about 4inches broad; stem 4inches long, 10lines thick.Among fallen leaves in woods Bolton Landing July

This is a fine large species, separable from Ent 0 10ma

sin u a t u m by its free lamellae, and from white forms of P1u

-t e usc et v i nus by the angular character of the spores andby

its farinaceous taste

Pileus varying from convex to deeply concave, I2-25 em indiameter, averaging 5 em in thickness; surface obscurely con-centrically zonate, milk-white, pruinose, cremeous on drying, thecenter depressed and avellaneous; margin irregularly undulatelobed, either deflexed or recurved, very thin, not ciliate; contextwhite, fleshy, tough, homogeneous, 2-5 mm thick; tubes milk-white,

2-3 mm long, five to six to a mm, cylindric, edges thin, entire tolacerate; spores ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth, 3 x 6-7 p.; stipe short,central, solid, woody, equal or tapering downward, smooth, pruin-ose, white above, fuliginous below,3 em long, 2-3 em thick:

The type of this species was collected by L.M Underwood on burieddecaying roots beneath birch trees at Cornwall Ct., August 1890

Specimens were also collected in Connecticut jn I 902by C.C mer Fine" specimens were again collectedby H C Banker on theroots of a fallen, but living willow at Schaghticoke N Y in August,

and to the New York Botanical Garden The nearest relative of thisspecies in our flora is probably Pol y P0 r u s fiss u s Berk,

The specimen contributed to the State Museum has the stem whollyfuliginous

Russula subsordida

Russula viridellaUnder hemlock in

and

Sparganium fiuctuans

water of lakes and

Moose Herkimer co

co

Au-REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905

Symphoricarpos pauciflorus (Robbins) Britton

This was reported as a variety of S rae e m0 sus but it isnow deemed worthy of specific rank

Thelephora intybacea Pers

Ground East Schaghticoke) Rensselaer co H J. Banker

Tilmadoche compacta Wing

Much decayed wood of poplar Loudonville,

gust

Tricholoma paeonium Fr

Grassy places Syracuse August «Growing after heavyrains," a habit which Professor Fries also ascribes to the Europeanfungus Mrs F C Sherman

'I'richoloma unifactum Pk

, Underhemlock trees Horicon July Edible For adescription

of the species see chapter on edible fungi

Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn

Along West Canada creek near East Herkimer and in bogs atCedar lake June and July J.V Haberer A species separatedfrom T perfali at u m because of its orange-colored fruitand leaves not connate at the base

Uredinopsis atkinsoni Magnus'Fronds of Dry0 pte ris the 1y pte r is Ithaca flats.August G F Atkinson

Uredinopsis osmundae Magnus Fronds of the cinnamon fern, 0 s m u n d a c in n a mom ea.Malloryville moor, Tompkins co August G.F Atkinson

Verbascum phlomoides L

Near the railroad station Wading River August The clasp- 'ing leaved mullein is an, introduced species Itresembles our com-mon mullein but it has larger flowers, shorter and broader upperleaves of a greener hue and clasping at the base, but scarcely de-current

Veronica chamaedrys L

Woods and steep banks along West Canada creek at Trentonfalls, Oneida and Herkimer counties June J. V Haberer

purpurascens

Amanita russuloides

far asI

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9 0 S 31

to separate them It is therefore noticed here under the varietalname published in the 22d Annual Report of the New York State

Bulgaria rufa magna n var

Cups large, 3-4 inches broad, sessile, plane, sometimesirregular or wavy, the broad base distended in wet weather with awatery dingy whitish gelatin; hymenium ochraceous brown;spores white, 0008-.0012 of an inch long, 000$ broad Externallycolored and venose rugulose or subreticulated as in B r u fa.North Elba This variety differs from the type in its habitat, which

is among fallen leaves under balsam fir trees or on the ground amongmosses It does not appear to be attached to wood and is not atall narrowed into a stemlike base, but is broad and rounded under-neath and the lower part is filled with a dingy watery gelatinoussubstance The hyrnenium is ochery brown rather than rufousand the spores average a little longer than in our specimens of

B r u fa Notwithstanding these differences it has seemed to

be so closely allied to B r u f a that I have thought it to be avariety of it rather than a distinct species

Cortinarius amarus Pk

This species was founded on specimens collected in the dack region Much larger specimens were found near Wading Riverthe past summer These are better dey-eloped and show clearlythat the species belongs to the section Myxacium,

Adiron-Cortinarius bolaris (Pers.) Fr

With us this pretty cortinarius is beautifully spotted with redscales when fresh) but in drying, both pileus and stem assume areddish color

Cortinarius corrugatus Pk

This proves to bea very variable species, yet the variations are

so slight that they never disguise the true characterof the speciesnor lead to any perplexity in its identification Near WadingRiver a form occurs in which the stem when fresh appears to bealmost or wholly without any bulb In drying, the base of thestem shrinks less than the rest) so that in the dried state the stern

is more distinctly bulbous

It has been found that the law of priority requires that this namemust give way to era t a e gus foe tid a Ashe, and thaterat a egus dodgei Ashe must take the place of erat a e-gus g r a v e si i Sarg

rare

bottom of

This is thebeen found

Reichb

J:!/pJl'PalCtlS viridiftora

Near G S .A I'\o&,./l LJI.""JL./l LJl ••

fourth in our State in which this rare

The others are Buffalo and Otisco

Equisetum hyemale intermedinm Eaton

Head of Oneida lake J.,V Haberer

Equisetum varlegatum nelsoni Eaton

Stony flats West Canada creek J.V Haberer

Gyromitraesculenta Fr.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1905 33erect and in the best developed forms they are terminated arefiexed flap or scale On each side at the base is another smallerbudlike projection which probably represents the lateral flowerthat ordinarily stands, one on each side of the central flower at eachnode It looks like an effort on the of the to increasethe number of its seeds at the expense of its, to us, useless awns.The specimens were collected late in the season-in October-but whether this lateness of growth had to do with thepeculiar development is uncertain Other of normal formwere found growing with these.

Dead trunk of a standing appletree, Keene, Essex co tember

Sep-Ilez verticillata cyclophylla Robins

Boggy margin of Otter lake, Oneida co .July J. V Haberer.Margin of Brant lake, Warren co C H Peck

Iris pseudacorus L

This showy yellow flowered iris is an introduced species which

is sometimes found growing spontaneously Fine specimens werecollected by Mrs T ] Leach at the mouth of Salmon river) inOswego county

Lactarius brevis Pk

The typical form of this species has a short stem Specimenscollectednear Wading River the past season have stems from 2-2.5inches long

This seashore plant was reported by Dr Torrey many years ago

as occurring at Oneida lake Dr Haberer finds it still growingabout the head of the lake

Lychnis chalcedonica L

The scarlet lychnis is often cultivated for its showy flowers and

it sometimes escapes from cultivation to roadsides or waste places.But Dr Haberer has found it growing spontaneously on denselywooded slopes near White lake, Oneida co.

Lysimachia vulgaris L

Along West Canada creek at East Herkimer July ] V.Haberer This is.abeautiful plant and is sometimes cultivated forornament The calyx lobes are red margined

n n ,.~F'W' r.,1"'\ co October S H Burnham.

where the epidermis has anoarentlveaten some creature

~Jl".1""'"JLL:B LJl green inner tissues

Polyporus simillimus Pk,

characters of this were

32 , page 34 Itsnow referred to the genusalso should be referred.t"Y"f"'1'''l''f'l::r111'''Ul' in the same

from itand different spores Since itwhere no P par v u 1 u s was

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 905 35

Pterospora andromedea Nutt.

This rare saprophytic still lingers in a few northern

locali-ties A specimen was collected near Warren Mrs

E Watrous and contributed to the herbarium werealso found near Port Henry which were in thesame station in which the was found more than oo yearsago

Puccinia pyrolae eke

Horicon, Warren co This is the second station in the State inwhich I have found this parasitic fungus It is doubtless a rarespecies Noaecidialor uredo form of it was found ineither station.The name was given on the supposition that the host plant is aspecies of Pyrola, but it is Pol y gal a pau ci f0 1ia

Salix serissima (Bail.) Fern

Lake Placid June Both staminate and pistillate plantswere found growing side by side, In this instance the leavesbecome acuminate late in the season and more closely resemblethe leaves of Sal i x 1u c ida

Trametes pini (Brot.) Fr

The pine trametes was found near Albia, Rensselaer co growing

on pine ties of the electric railroad The species is rare in ourState and probably in this case the mycelium was introduced in

the ties

Trillium grandiflorum (Mx.) Salisb

A singular monstrosity of the large flowered wake-robin wasfound near Syracuse and contributed by Mrs L L Goodrich All

the floral organs are petaloid or foliaceous, and instead of fivewhorls of three organs each, which is the usual number, there are

10whorls of 3 in each Beginning at the outside or exterior circle

we find six green foliaceous organs, which may be taken to sent'a double calyx The next inner circle contains three whitepetaloid organs each with a green central stripe; then a circle of threegreen ones, one of which has its margins white These two whorls

repre-may be taken to represent the petals The third group consists

of two circles containing three green organs in which sent the usual exterior row of stamens; then there are two circles

repre-of three white organs each which correspond to the usual innerrow of stamens Finally the central group is composed of twocircles of green foliaceous organs which may be taken to representthe three-parted pistil of the ordinary flower' This double flowered

Abundant in

forms continuous

in the saine I"""",rlo H1"''!l'l'

Xyris montana Ries

outlet White where it

Xyr s car01in ian a also occurs

J.V.- Haberer

Trlcholoma unifactum n.

UNITED TRICHOLOMA

1-5

BOTANIST 1905 37

whichof

spores The stem and gills are white, the cap is so It hasawatery white appearance when moist The grow in '-'1 .,;, 6 ;:J'several stems rising from a large whitish mass,

character it is at once distinguished from all our other

Tricholoma

The taste is mild and there is no decided odor The flesh istender and of excellent flavor when cooked The cap is

1-2 inches broad and the stem 1-2 inches and 3-5 lines thick

It grows under hemlock trees and was 'found in Warren

so, glabrous, hollow, colored like the pileus; spores white, faintlytinged with yellow, subglobose, .0003-.00°35 of an inch broad.The rimulose lactarius is very closely related to the camphorylactarius, Lac tar ius camp h0 rat us, resembling it incolor, size and odor, but differing from it in the rimulose areolatecuticle and specially in its scanty watery milk It is a smallspecies having a cap that is 10-18 lines broad and a stem about I

inch long and 2 lines thick It grows on bare soil in woods or onbanks of earth by roadsides Wading River August

of an inch broad

The thin juiced lactarius has been found by me on Long Islandonly It grows among fallen leaves in woods and shaded placesand occurs in July and August Its cap is firm in texture,broadly

Russula alb ida

the cap is ""· ·"'''-'T-'"'' ••• ,.""

texture

grow among fallen in woods

xensseiser and Suffolk counties

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I905 39

cadmium-yellow or orange in the taste mild;lamellae rather thick; moderately so, adnate,

becoming spongy within and cavernous, colored like

or a little paler than the spores

The yellowish russula is a very beautiful and an attracti vespecies and it is very gratifying to find it edible isrecognized by its color, for, other ha ve the capyellow, not many have both the cap and stem and none ofthese has them of the same shade of as this The cap isdry and the epidermis frequently breaks into minute orgranular yellow particles, indicating that the species tothe section Rigidae The color often fades with age and sometimesthe margin becomes white The gills in the fresh plant are whitebut with age at in drying they often become dingy or assume aclay color The interspaces are uneven with transverse veins.The stem is often a little paler than the cap, but it is usually morehighly colored at the base than elsewhere The mycelium appears

to be of an orange color

The caps are 2-3 inches broad, the stem 1.5-3 inches long and

4-8 lines thick This mushroom grows in grassy places, amongbushes or in woods and may be found in July and August It isnot common

in width to the thickness of the flesh, close, adnate or slightlydecurrent, unequal, sometimes forked, white; stem short, firm,equal, solid: white, changing color like the sporesglobose, .00,03 of an inch broad

The sordid russula is a unattractive but whenfresh specimens free from larvae arc fried in butter make anexcellent and relishable dish It to the section Com-pactae of which we have no species with a truly red cap, thoughthe cap of R u s s u l a c0 m pact a Frost makes an approach

to it The cap of this species in young plants is nearly white, but

Russula subsordida n sp,

SUBSORDID RUSSULAPLATE 99, FIG. 1-5

viscid when moist or young, even on the

brown with age, sometimes with

cnanzmz to a darker , 'JI'1IlovJ taste mild or

"",,,,,,,,,.a,A.""''''',",,, with many short

spongyones

within or sometimes

brown where

broad