BÀI TẬP VỀ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ RELATIVE CLAUSES RELATIVE CLAUSE Mệnh đề quan hệrelative clause còn gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữadjective clause vì nó là một mệnh đề phụ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho
Trang 1BÀI TẬP VỀ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSES) RELATIVE CLAUSE
Mệnh đề quan hệ(relative clause) còn gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ(adjective clause) vì nó là một mệnh đề phụ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó (tiền ngữ) Mệnh đề quan hệ được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ (relative pronoun) WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverbs) WHERE, WHEN, WHY.Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa
I/ Cách dùnh đại từ quan hệ và trạng từ quan hệ :
1.WHO: đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ
Ex: The man who is standing over there is Mr Pike
2.WHOM: đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ
Ex: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt
Whom làm tân ngữ có thể lượt bỏ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
Ex: The boy we are looking for is Tom
3.WHICH: đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó
Ex: This is the book which I like best
Which làn tân ngữ có thể lượt bỏ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
Ex: this is the book I like best
4 THAT: đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật That có thể được dùng thay cho Who, whom, which
Ex: That is the book that/which I like best
My father is the person that/whom I admire most
Các trường hợp bắt buộc dùng THAT
-Khi di sau các tiền tố hỗn hợp (gồm cả người lẫn vật
Ex: I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park
-Khi đi sau hình thức so sánh nhất
Ex: she is the nicest woman that I’ve ever met
-Khi đi sau các đại từ everything/one, something/one, anything/one, nothing/one, all, little, much, none…và đôi khi đi sau It is/ was…
Ex: I have said all that I want to say
Các trường hợp không được dùng THAT:
-Không được dùng That trong mệnh đề không giới hạn
Ex:The “Romeo and Juliet”, which (that)I borrowed from you, is an interesting book
-Không được dùng THAT để thay thế cho WHOSE
Ex: the person whose(that) opinion I respect most is my father
5 WHOSE: đại từ quan hệ chỉ sự sở hữu, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật và thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ Whose luôn luôn đi kèm với danh từ
Ex: The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom
II/ Phân loại mệnh đề quan hệ.
1 Defining relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn)
Mệnh đề giới hạn là mệnh đề cần thiết làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ mà nếu chúng ta lược
bỏ mệnh đề này đi thì danh từ đó không được hiểu rõ
Ví dụ: - The woman who is standing over there is my sister.
- The book which you lent me was very interesting.
- The couple whose divorce was in the newspapers have got married again
Trong mệnh đề hạn định đại từ quan hệ that có thể dùng để thay thế cho who(m), which
- The woman who / that is standing over there is my sister.
- The woman whom / that you met yesterday is my sister.
- The book which / that you lent me was very interesting.
- The book which / that is on the table is mine.
Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định
- The woman whom / that you met yesterday is my sister.
The woman you met yesterday is my sister
- The book which / that you lent me was very interesting.
The book you lent me was very interesting
2 Non-defining clauses (Mệnh đề không hạn định)
Mệnh đề không hạn định là mệnh đề bổ sung thêm ý nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ, nếu chúng ta
bỏ mệnh đề này đi thì danh từ đó vẫn được xác định nhờ vào một số yếu tố sau:
Trang 2+ Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ là một tên riêng (proper name).
- Lan, who lives next door to me, is very pretty
- Bill Clinton, whose wife is a lawyer, became President of the USA in 1993
+ Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ là một danh từ riêng (proper noun)
- Swimming, which is a good sport, makes our body strong
+ Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ theo sau tính từ sở hữu (possessive pronouns / case: my, your, his, her, Mary's, )
- My / Mai's sister, who studies with yours, speaks English very well
+ Danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ theo sau tính từ chỉ định demonstrative adjectives: this, that, these, those)
- We study at this school, which used to be a small market
Mệnh đề không hạn định ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy (,)
Đại từ quan hệ that không được dùng để thay thế cho who(m), which
trong mệnh đề không hạn định và sau giới từ
3 Relative pronouns with prepositions
Khi đại từ quan hệ đi với giới từ nó làm chức năng tân ngữ (object) cho giới từ Giới từ có thể đứng trước đại từ quan hệ hoặc đứng cuối mệnh đề (Trong văn phong trang trọng giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ.)
Đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ cho giới từ có thể bỏ đi được nhưng giới từ phải giữ lại và đứng cuối mệnh đề
Giới từ không được đứng trước THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định
* Chúng ta hãy xem một số ví dụ:
She is the woman I told you about her
- She is the woman about whom I told you
- She is the woman who(m) I told you about
- She is the woman that I told you about
- She is the woman Ø I told you about
The music was wonderful We listened to it last night
- The music to which we listened last night was wonderful
- The music which we listened to last night was wonderful
- The music that we listened to last night was wonderful
- The music Ø we listened to last night was wonderful
4 Relative adverbs
Trạng từ quan hệ when, where, why dùng để giới thiệu một mệnh đề quan hệ, làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ
chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, lý do đứng trước nó, giữ chức năng của một trạng từ.
Chúng ta hãy xem các ví dụ dưới đây:
- I'll never forget the day I met you on that day
I'll never forget the day when / on which I met you
- The town is very beautiful I was born and grew up there
The town where / in which I was born and grew up is very beautiful
- I don't know the reason He refused such a good job for the reason
I don't know the reason why / for which he refused such a good job
* Lưu ý:
+ in / on / at + which (for place) = where
in / on / at + which (for time) = when
for + which (for reason) = why
+ When có thể lược bỏ trong câu
I'll never forget the day when I met you
IV/ Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ.
1.Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm phân từ (participle phrase):
a present participle phrase: V-ing
b past participle phrase: V-ed/3
-Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng cụm phân từ hiện tại thay cho mệnh
đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm –ing)
Ex1: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle
The man sitting next to you is my uncle
Ex2: Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?
Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
-Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive), ta dùng cụm phân từ quá khứ thay cho mệnh
đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng V-ed/3)
Trang 3Ex: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
The books written by To Hoai are interesting
2 Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to-infinitive) hoặc cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (for + O + to-inf)
Ex1: English is an important language which we have to master
English is an important language to master
Ex2: I am always the first who come and the last who leave
I am always the first to come and the last to leave
rút gọn bằng cách dùng động nguyên mẫu có to khi trước danh từ thường có những cụm từ chỉ thứ tự, duy nhất (the first, second, third…the last, the only…)hoặc chỉ mục đích, so sánh nhất.
EXERCISE I : Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences :
1 Have you got the money _ I lent you yesterday ?
2.Peter, _ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party
3 This is the machine _ cost half a million pounds
4 Mary, _ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry
5 Have you read the book _ I gave you ?
6 The hous, _ they bought three months ago, looks lovely
7 Mrs.Jackson, _ had been very ill, died yesterday
8 Is this the person _ stole your handbag ?
9 The dog, _ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking
10 I didn’t receive the letters _ she sent me
11 My mother, _ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised
12 The old man, had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building
13 The horse, _ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened
14 We didn’t like the secetary _ the agency sent
15 I didn’t find the money _ you said you’d left
EXERCISE II : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns :
1 This is the man I met him in Paris _
2 I wanted the painting You bought it _
3 This is the chair My parents gave it to me _
4 She’s the woman She telephoned the police _
5 He’s the person He wanted to buy your house _
6 We threw out the computer It never worked properly
7 This is the lion It’s been ill recently _
8 The man was badly injured He was driving the car _
9 The children broke the window They live in the next street _
10 That’s the woman I was telling you about her
EXERCISE IV: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:
1) The book I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive
A who B whose C that D B & C are correct
2) What’s the name of the blonde girl just came in?
A who B whose C whom D A & B are correct
3) I don’t like people lose their tempers easily
A who B whose C that D A & C are correct
4) Mexico City, has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world
A which B whose C that D A & B are corre
5) This is Henry, sister works for my father
A who B whose C that D.All are correct
6) He’s the man people like at first sight
A who B whom C that D A & C are correct
7) Could you iron the trousers are hanging up behind the door?
A who B which C that D B & C are correct
8) Where is the girl sells tickets?
A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct
9) The man we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains
Trang 4A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct
10) The artist name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen
A who B whose C that D A & C are correct
11) Frank invited Janet, he had met in Japan, to the party
A who B whose C that D A & C are correct
12 The girl design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award
A whose B whom C that D which
13) I need to find a painting will match the rest of my room
A whose B whom C who D which
14) There are too many poor people do not have enough to eat in the world
A whose B whom C who D which
15) The trees have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden
16) The teacher teaches us French is coming today
A whom B who C that D B & C are correct
17) What’s the music to you are listening?
A whose B which C that D B & C are correct
18) I don’t like the stories have unhappy endings
A who B which C that D B & C are correct
19) The students don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library
A who B which C whom D A & C are correct 20) Betty is the most intelligent girl I have ever met
A who B whom C that D All are correct
21) Do you know the music is being played on the radio?
A who B which C that D B & C are correct
22) This channel often shows the cartoons of the children are very fond
A whom B which C that D B & C are correct
23) The dress she bought last week doesn’t fit her well
A whom B which C whose D B & C are correct
24) Do you know a shop sells good coffee?
A which B that C whose D A & B are correct
25) The teacher punished the student was naughty
A whom B who C which D A & B are correct
26) She fell in love with a man was from another country
27) I like to write to friends are living far away from me
A who B whom C that D A & C are correct
28) I bought some pencils are in different colours
A whose B which C that D B & C are correct
29) She ate an apple was still green
30) This is my beloved school I studied when I was young
A which B that C where D A & B are correct
31) Here’s the paper you need
32) The woman has been arrested lives in an apartment
A that B which C whom D A & C are correct
33) The teacher notices the students often come to class late
A that B which C who D A & C are correct
34) The house in I was born is for sale
A which B whom C that D A & C are correct
35) That is the chair he used to sit on for meals
A which B whose C that D A & C are correct
36) What is the picture you are looking at?
A which B when C whose D A & C are correct
37) In the middle of the village, there is a well from the villagers take water to
Trang 5A that B which C whom D A & B are correct 38) There is a NO PARKING sign I did not take notice of
A that B which C who D A & B are correct 39) I must thank the people I got the present from
A who B whom C that D All are correct 4o) Do you know the doctor for I send?
A whom B that C who D All are correct 41) The man about I was telling you is standing over there
A who B that C whom D All are correct 42) The woman Ann must take care of is very poor and old
A whom B that C who D All are correct 43) This is the man to I gave some money this morning
A who B whom C that D All are correct 44) This is the result of our work I’m pleased with
A that B whose C which D A & C are correct 45) The problem in we are very interested has been discussed in class
A that B whom C which D A & C are correct 46) The boy you made fun of yesterday is my cousin
A who B whom C that D All are correct 47)Ann, lives next door, is very friendly
A who B whom C that D All are correct 48) We went to Sandra’s party, we enjoyed very much
49) John, I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends
A whose B whom C that D B & C are correct 50) Sheila, job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot
51) This new stadium, can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month
A that B whose C which D A & B are correct
VIII: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:
1 That’s my friend, _ comes from Japan
2 The plants which in the living room need a lot of water
3 She’s the woman _ sister looks after the baby for us
4 That’s the doctor for Cliff works
5 Marie, I met at the party, called me last night
6 I remember Alice, rode the bus to school with
7 I used to enjoy the summer, we had a big family picnic
8 Tell me about the city you grew up
9 Anna found the book that wanted at the bookshop
10 Please remember to take back to the library all the books are due this week
11 He likes the dress Huong is wearing it
A He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it
B He likes the dress Huong is wearing it
C He likes the dress who Huong is wearing
D He likes the dress Huong is wearing
12 Most of the classmates couldn't come He invited them to the birthday party
Trang 6A Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
B Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come
C Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come
D Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come
13 What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning.
A What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning?
B What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning?
C What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning?
D What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning?
14 The church is over 500 years old Our class visited it last summer.
A The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old
B The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old
C The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old
D The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old
15 The song says about the love of two young stdents She is singing the song.
A The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents
B The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents
C The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing
D The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it