Tài nguyên cây ăn quả ở Việt nam

Lime Family: Rutaceae • English name: Lime • Vietnamese name: Chanh • Scientific name: Citrus aurantifolia Swingle • Native to China • Nutritional value: Rich in Vit.C • Fruit season

Dao Thanh Van Assoc Prof Dr

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

2

3

2 Red river delta

3 North center coast

4 South center coast

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(1000ha)

Value (%)

Main fruit crops are cultivation

North mountain and

midland 199.3 29.42 Plum, peach, persimmon, apricot, litchi, longan, citrus Red river delta 33.4 4.93 Litchi, longan, citrus, banana,

mango, papaya, persimmon

North center coast 51.4 7.59 Citrus, pineapple, coconus South center coast 26.7 3.94 Mango, dragon fruit, grape Center highland 18.0 2.66 persimmon, jack fruit, avocado

Southeastern region 117.7 17.37 Rambutan, durian, Banana,

citrus, dragon fruit

Mekong river delta 231.0 34.1 Longan, mango, rambutan,

pomelo, guava, mangosteen,,,

North mountain and

The production fruit crop for export ( 2005-2010)

Type of fruit crop Old project in 2010 New project in 2010

Production (1000tons) Value (Mil USD) Production (1000tons) Value (Mil USD)

The resources of fruit crop in Vietnam

• The fruit crops in Vietnam are investigated in the

26 plant families There are more than 150 species and more than 1500 planting cultivars.

• Fruit crops in Vietnam are divided 3 groups :

Temperate fruit crop: Apricot, plum, apple,

Group 1: Temperate fruit crops

• They are apricot, plum, pear, peach, apple

• They are distributed in cold area of Northern

mountainous region, Vietnam

• They are deciduous trees, leaves fall down in winter season

• English name: Apricot

• Vietnamese name: Mơ

• Scientific name: Prunus mune L and

Prunus armeriaca

• Native to China

• Nutritional value : Rich in Vit C, A

and potassium, sodium, Iron

• Fruiting season : from March to April

• Uses : Make juice, wine and drink

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in

the refrigerator for 5 - 7 days

• Distribution: Backan, Sonla,

Caobang

Apricot ( Family: Rosaceae)

Flowering Plum orchard in Bac Ha (Lao Cai)

Peach (Family Rosaceae)

• English name: Peach

• Vietnamese name: Đào

• Scientific name: Prunus persica L.

• Native to southern China

• Nutritional value : Rich in Vit C,

B1, B2 and potassium, cancium,

Iron

• Fruiting season : from May to June

• Uses : Eating fresh and making

juice

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in

the refrigerator for 5 - 7 days

• Distribution: Sapa, Mauson

Pear (Family Rosaceae)

• English name: Peach

• Vietnamese name: Lê

• Scientific name: Pyrus pyrifolia Ham.

• Native to southern China

• Nutritional value : Rich in Vit C, B1,

B2 and potassium, cancium, Iron

• Fruiting season : from May to June

• Uses : Eating fresh and making juice

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in

the refrigerator for 7-10 days

• Distribution: Caobang, Langson,

Hagiang

Apple (Family Rosaceae)

• English name: Apple

• Vietnamese name: Táo

• Scientific name: Malus pumila Mill

• Native to China

• Nutritional value : Rich in Vit C, A and

potassium, cancium, potassium Fruiting

season : from Oct to Nov.

• Uses : Eating fresh

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in the

refrigerator for 1-2 months

• Distribution: Testing cultivation in

Hagiang, Sapa

Strawberry (FamilyRosaceae)

• English name: Srawberry

• Vietnamese name: Dâu tây

• Scientific name: Fragaria vesca L

• Nutritional value : Rich in Vit C, A

and potassium, cancium, potassium

• Smell are sweet.

• Uses : Eating fresh and making

Juice, drinking

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in

the refrigerator for 7-10 days

• Distribution: Testing cultivation in

Dalat (Lamdong)

Loquat (Family: Rosaceae)

• English name: Loquat (Japanese Plum)

Vietnamese name: Nhót tây

• Scientific name: Eriobotrya japonica

Grapes ( Family Vitaceae )

• English name: Grapes

• Vietnamese name: Nho

• Scientific name: Vitis vinifera L.

• Native to Euro

• Nutritional value : Rich in Vit C, A

and potassium, calcium, potassium

• Fruit season: All year round,

abundant Jun to July

• Uses : Eating fresh and making

wine, drinking

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in

the refrigerator for 7-10 days

• Distribution: Phan Giang (Thuan

Hai)

Group 2: Sub-tropical fruit crops

• They are Litchi, persimmon, longan, citrus

• Most of them are distributed in temperate climate zone of midland region, northern of Vietnam

Litchee (Family: Sapindaceae)

• English name: Litchee

• Vietnamese name: Vải

• Scientific name: Litchi chinensis Sonn

• Native to China

• Nutritional value : Rich in glucoza, fructoza, Vit B1, A and potassium, cancium, potassium

• Fruit season: May to July

• Uses : Eating fresh and making wine, drinking, drying

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in the refrigerator for 7-10 days

• Distribution: Midland and Northern mountainous provinces of Vietnam

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Longan (Family: Sapindaceae)

• English name: Longan

• Vietnamese name: Nhãn

• Scientific name : Dimocarpus longa Lour

• Native to Southern China

• Nutritional value : Rich in glucoza, fructoza, Vit B1, B2 cancium,

phophorus

• Fruit season: July to Aug

(Northern) and all year around (Southern)

• Uses : Eating fresh and canning

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in the refrigerator for 7-10 days

• Distribution: Everywhere in Vietnam

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Persimmon (Family Ebenaceae)

• English name: Persimmon

• Vietnamese name: Hồng

• Scientific name : Diospyros kaki L.

• Native to Southern China

• Nutritional value: Rich in fructoza, Vit A, B1, cancium, phophorus

• Fruit season: Sep to Nov

• Uses : Eating fresh and dried

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in the refrigerator for 7-10 days

• Distribution: Midland and northern mountainous and high land (Southern)

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Pomelo (Family Rutaceae)

• English name: Pomelo (Pummelo)

• Vietnamese name: Bưởi

• Scientific name : Citrus paradishi Masf.

• Native to China

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit C and A

• Fruit season: Aug to Feb.

• Uses : Eating fresh and made juice

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept

in the refrigerator for 2-3 months

• Distribution: Everywhere in Vietnam

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Orange (Family: Rutaceae)

• English name: Sweet Orange

• Vietnamese name: Cam

• Scientific name : Citrus sinensis Obesk

• Native to China

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit C,

• Fruit season: Sep to March

• Uses : Eating fresh and making juice

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in

• Distribution: Everywhere in Vietnam but most of production and area are

in Mecong river Delta

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Tangarine (Family: Rutaceae)

• English name: Tangerine (Mandarin)

• Vietnamese name: Quít

• Scientific name: Citrus reticulata

Blanco

• Native to China

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit.C

• Fruit season: Seb To March

• Uses : Eating fresh and making juice

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept

in the refrigerator for 10-12 days

• Distribution: Northern mountainous and Mekong river delta (Southern)

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Lime (Family: Rutaceae)

• English name: Lime

• Vietnamese name: Chanh

• Scientific name: Citrus

aurantifolia Swingle

• Native to China

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit.C

• Fruit season: All year round

• Uses : Making juice

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept

in the refrigerator for 10-12 days

• Distribution: Everywhere in Vietnam

Lemon (Family: Rutaceae)

• English name: Lemon

• Vietnamese name: Chanh tây

• Scientific name: Citrus limon

Burm

• Native to China

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit.C

• Fruit season: All year round

• Uses : Making juice and eating

as a salad

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept

in the refrigerator for 10-12 days

• Distribution: Everywhere in Vietnam

Kumquat (Family Rutaceae)

• English name: Kumquat

• Vietnamese name: Quất

• Scientific name: Fortulellar spp.

• Native to China

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit.C

• Fruit season: All year round

• Uses : Making juice, Ornamentals

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept

in the refrigerator for 10-12 days, the tree can show in Lunar new year for 1 month

• Distribution: Northern of Vietnam

Citron (Family Rutaceae)

• English name: Citron

• Vietnamese name: Phật thủ

• Scientific name: Citrus medica Var.

• Native to China

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit.C

• Fruit season: Nov to Feb.

• Uses : Ornamentals and medicine

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in the room for 1-2 months

• Distribution: Northern of Vietnam

The Jujuber (Family Rhanaceae)

• English name: Jujuber

• Vietnamese name: Táo

• Scientific name: Zizuphus jujuba

• Native to India and China

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit.C, A

• Fruit season: May to Dec.

• Uses : Eating fresh and made juice

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept in the refrigerator for 10-12 days

• Distribution: Everywhere of Vietnam

Group 3: Tropical fruit crops

• They are many fruit crops as a banana, pineapple,

jackfruit, sapodilla, rambutan, mango

• Most of them are distributed in hot temperature zone

of center high land and southern of Vietnam

Bananas (Family: Musaceae)

• English name: Banana

• Vietnamese name: Chuối

• Scientific name: Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana

• Native to Southeastern Asia

• Nutritional value: Rich in carbonhydrate Vit A, cancium, phophorus

• Fruit season: All year round

• Uses : Eating fresh and made juice, dried

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept

in the refrigerator for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Everywhere of Vietnam excluding cold region

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Pineapple ( Family: Bromeliaceae)

• English name: Pineapple

• Vietnamese name: Dứa, thơm

• Scientific name: Ananas comosus

Merr

• Native to tropical America

• Nutritional value: Rich in

carbonhydrate Vit A, C

• Sweet smelling

• Fruit season: All year round

• Uses : Eating fresh and made

juice, canning, paste

• Storage : Fresh fruit can be kept

in the refrigerator for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Everywhere of

Vietnam excluding cold region

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47 Pineapples farm

• English name: Coconus palm

• Vietnamese name: Dừa

• Scientific name: Cocos

• Fruit season: All year round

• Uses : Drinking freshing

water and made cooking oil

• Distribution: North and

South center coast, northern

of Vietnam

Cashew-nut ( Family Anacardiaceae )

• English name: Cashew-nut

• Vietnamese name: Đào lộn hột, điều

• Scientific name: Anacardium

occidentale L

• Native to Northeast Brazil

Nutritional value: Rich in protein

• Fruit season: Spring, Summer

Uses : Processing seeds

• Storage : Dried seed can be kept in

the room for 6-7 months

• Distribution: North and South

center coast and center highland

Mango ( Family Anacardiaceae )

• English name: Mango

• Vietnamese name: Xoài

• Scientific name: Mangifera indica

• Fruit season: April to July

• Uses : Eating fresh and processing

juice, dried, canning

• Storage : Dried seed can be kept

in the room for 7-10 days

• Distribution: South center coast

and Mekong river delta

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52 Paper bags can exclude wind and rain borne inoculum in the field

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Sugar apple ( Family Annonaceae )

• English name: Sugar apple

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit, A

• Fruit season: Aug to Sep.

• Uses : Eating fresh and made juice

• Storage: Fresh fruit can be kept in

the room for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Northern of Vietnam,

they usualy are cultivated in the

near of lime rocky mountain

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Soursop ( Family Annonaceae )

• English name: Soursop

• Vietnamese name: Na xiêm (Mãng

cầu xiêm)

• Scientific name: Annona muricata

• Native to South-east of Asia

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit, A

• Fruit season: All year round but

abundant from June to Nov.

• Uses : Eating fresh and made

juice

• Storage: Fresh fruit can be kept

in the room for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Southern of Vietnam

Durian ( Family Bombacaceae )

• English name: Durian

• Vietnamese name: Sầu riêng

• Scientific name: Durio zibethinut

Murr

• Native to South-east of Asia

• Nutritional value: Rich in Vit, A

calcium, phosphorus

• Fruit smell is very strong.

• Fruit season: All year round

• Uses : Eating fresh and making

durian paste

• Storage: Fresh fruit can be kept in

the room with 10-15 0 C for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Southern of Vietnam

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Dragon fruit ( Family Cactaceae )

• English name: Dragon fruit

• Vietnamese name: Thanh long

• Scientific name: Hylocereus undatus Britt

• Nutritional value: Excellent nutrient

levels

• Fruit season: All year round

• Uses : Eating fresh and made juice or

puree

• Storage: Fresh fruit can be kept in the

room temperature(25-30 0 C) for 6-7 days

• Distribution: South center coast and

Southern of Vietnam

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Papaya ( Family papayaceae )

• English name: Papaya

• Vietnamese name: Đu đủ

• Scientific name: Carica papaya L

• Native to tropical America

• Nutritional value: Rick in Vit A and

Sugar

• Fruit season: All year round

• Uses : Eating fresh and canning

• Storage: Fresh fruit can be kept in the

refrigerator for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Everywhere of Vietnam

excluding cold region

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Avocado ( Family Lauraceae )

• English name: Avocado

• Vietnamese name: Bơ

• Scientific name: Pesea americana

Mill

• Native to tropical America

• Nutritional value: Rick in Vit A

and cooking oil

• Fruit season: April to Sep.

• Uses : Eating fresh and making

cooking oil

• Storage: Fresh fruit can be kept in

the refrigerator for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Center highland

Guava (Family Myrtaceae)

• English name: Guava

• Vietnamese name: Ổi

• Scientific name: Pridium guajava L.

• Native to tropical America

• Nutritional value: Rick in Vit A, C

and calcium and phosphorus

• Fruit season: June to July

(Northern) and all year round

(Southern)

• Uses : Eating fresh and made juice

• Storage: Fresh fruit can be kept in

the refrigerator for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Everywhere of

Vietnam

Wax apple (Family Myrtaceae)

• English name: Wax-apple (Bell fruit

or Java apple)

• Vietnamese name: Doi (Mận)

• Scientific name: Eugenia javanica

Lamk

• Native to South Asia

• Nutritional value: Rick in Vit C

• Fruit season: July to Aug

(Northern) and all year round

(Southern)

• Uses : Eating fresh Storage:

• Fresh fruit can be kept in the

refrigerator for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Everywhere of

Vietnam

Jack fruit ( Family Moraceae )

• English name: Jack fruit

• Vietnamese name: Mít

• Scientific name: Artocapus

heterophyllus Lamk.

• Native to Malaysia

• Nutritional value: Rick in sugar and

calcium, phosphorus Sweet smelling

• Fruit season: Mar to Aug

• Uses : Eating fresh and dried

• Storage: Fresh fruit can be kept in the

room for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Everywhere of Vietnam

Star fruit (Family: Oxalidaceae)

• English name: Star fruit

(Carambola)

• Vietnamese name: Khế

• Scientific name: Averrhoa

carambola L.

• Native to Southeast Asia

• Nutritional value: Rick in Vit.C

• Fruit season: All year around

• Uses : Eating fresh

• Storage: Fresh fruit can be kept

in the refrigerator for 6-7 days

• Distribution: Everywhere of

Vietnam

Passion fruit ( Family: Passifloraceae

• English name: Passion fruit

• Vietnamese name: Lạc tiên

• Scientific name: Passiflora

edulis Sims.

• Native to Southern america

• Nutritional value: Rick in Vit.C,

A

• Fruit season: All year around

• Uses : Making juice

• Storage: Fresh fruit can be

kept in the refrigerator for

10-15 days

• Distribution: North center

coast and South center coast