Practical background: The thesis has based on data and information from reports andstatistics of Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of Science andTechnology..; Reports on socio-eco
Trang 1POLITICAL ACADEMY
LAI TRAN TUNG
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY
IN THE NORTHERN KEY ECONOMIC REGION
Specialty: Political economy Code: 931 01 02
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL ECONOMIC THESIS
HANOI - 2018
Trang 2MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
Scientific instructor:
Associate Professor and Doctor Bui Ngoc Quynh
Defender 1:
Defender 2:
Defender 3:
The thesis is defended at the thesis evaluation Council at the Academicallevel in line with the Decision number: by Director of the PoliticalAcademy, the meeting at the Political Academy - Ministry of National
Trang 31 Rationale for research topic selection
In the trend of globalization and rapid development of science andtechnology, the selection of strategies, measures, mechanisms and policies
to ensure the development of hi-tech industries is always the top priority ofthe countries in the development process The high-tech industry has beenset up by the Party and State of Viet Nam and has focused on leadership,management and administration in the process of economic development
in recent years In 2012, the Government of Viet Nam has set up theNational High-tech Development Program, which is the largest everprogram, including the High-tech Industry Development Program This is
an important legal document, which is the basis for individuals,organizations and enterprises to participate in the development of hightechnology industry However, the process of implementation of theprogram has encountered many problems and in fact the efficiency is nothigh, not really match the potential of the country
The key economic region of Northern Vietnam including 7 cities andprovinces plays a significant role in creating motivation for development
of other regions In recent years, the region has experienced strongeconomic development, increasing the proportion of modern industries inits economic structure
However, the reality shows that major contribution to the economicdevelopment comes from simple manufacturing, assembly or processingwith medium or below average level of technology Economic growthderives from investment, labour and exploitation of natural resources withlow added value Although there has been several high technologyenterprises certified by the Ministry of Science and Technology, thenumber of such enterprises is limited and high technology products arefew Several provinces in the region do not have high technology industry.This situation should be studied and solutions should be made whenVietnam wants to push up the process of industrialisation andmodernisation, through the knowledge economy and taking a shortcut ineconomic development
Trang 4There is limited studies in the area of high technology Theoreticalframework and actual practices have not achieved proper attention inVietnam in general and in the key economic region of Northern Vietnam
in particular, especially in political economics science
These urgent issues raise the need for research on high technologyindustry in the key economic region of Northern Vietnam Therefore the
author selects the topic “Developing high technology industry in the key economic region of Northern Vienam” for PhD thesis in political
economics
2 Purpose and objectives of the research
Research purpose: Clarify theoretical and practical background and
recommend solutions for the development of high technology in the keyeconomic region of Northen Vietnam
Analyse the achievements, limitations and identify issues to beresolved from the current development of high technology industry in thekey economic region of Northen Vietnam
Propose recommendations to the development of high technologyindustry in the key economic region of Northen Vietnam
3 Topic and scope of the research
Topic: The development of high-technology industry
Scope:
Content of research:The research focuses on three aspects: quality,
quantitive and composition The evaluation of current practices coversonly high technology enterprises that have been recognised by the Ministry
of Science and Technology and high technology products that areencouraged in Vietnam
Trang 5Coverage of research: The research studies the development of high
technology industry in the cities and provinces of key Northern economicregion, in relation to the general economy of Vienam
Research period: The data covers the period from 2008 since the
Law on High Technology was issued up to 2017
4 Theoretical and practical background of the research and research methodology
Theoretical background:
The thesis is based on the principles of Marxism - Leninism, Ho ChiMinh thoughts, revolutionary ideology of the Vietnamese CommunistParty in the area of economics in general and high technology industry inparticular
Practical background:
The thesis has based on data and information from reports andstatistics of Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of Science andTechnology ; Reports on socio-economic development, data from GeneralStatistics Office and Departments of Statistics of provinces in the keyeconomic region of Northern Vietnam; data from publications,conferences; reports of The Department of High Technology of theMinistry of Science and Technology, Steering Committee of thedevelopment of high technology industry under the Ministry of Industryand Trade Data is also collected from the manufacturing and tradingpractices of high technology enterprises in the key economic region of theNorthern Vietnam
Research methodology
On the basis of dialectical and historical materialism methods ofMarxism and Leninism, the thesis uses the following methods: scientificabstraction, analytical and synthetical method, comparative statistics,historical and logical method, using expertise from professionals
5 Thesis contributions
Clearly identify the characteristics of high technology industry fromthe viewpoint of political economics and create the content and assessment
Trang 6criteria for the development of hi-tech industry in the northern keyeconomic region.
Determine lessons learnt for the development of high technologyindustry in the key economic region of the Northern Vietnam from currentand best practices in certain local and foreign areas
Evaluate the current situation and propose recommendation to futherthe development of high technology industry in the key economic region
Practical implications:
The result of this study can be used as reference for regulatory
government agencies, policy makers and researchers It can also be used asreference materials for teaching political economics in education
institutions within and outside the army
7 Structure of the thesis
The thesis comprises 4 chapters (10 sections), conclusion, list ofauthor’s publication, reference list and appendices
Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH CONCERNING THEMES
1.1 Overseas studies related to thesis topic
1.1.1 Studies on high technology
The author of China (1998), The forecast of the 21st century Ngo Quy Tung (2001), Knowledge economy, a new trend of the 21st century Shoichi Yamashita (2004), Transfer of Japanese technology and management to ASEAN countries Jack Uldrich - Deb Newberry (2006), Nanotechnology Investment & Venture Capital Jorge Niosi (ed.), Science and Technology Development - Some Experiences of the World Dan Senor (ed.), Startup Nation.
Trang 71.1.2 Studies on industrial development, high technology industry
Wayne Sandholtz (1992), High tech Europe - The politics of international cooperation Kerry Gleeson (1998), The high tech personal efficiency program: organising your electronic resources to maximizing your time and efficiency G.M Peter Swann (1998), The dynamics of industrial clustering: International comparisons in computing and biotechnology Michel Beaud (2002), A history of capitalism from 1500 to
2000 Shahid Yusuf, Kaoru Nabeshima, Shoichi Yamashita (2008), Growing industrial clusters in Asia - serendipity and science.
1.2 The research works in the country related to thesis topic
1.2.1 Works related to technology, high technology
Nguyen Chi Hai (1998), Some issues of science and technology development in the process of industrialization and modernization of the economy in Vietnam Le Ban Thach (2000), Industrialization in NIEs East Asia and lessons learned for Vietnam Vu Dinh Cu, Tran Xuan Sam
(2006), New Production Force and Knowledge Economy Pham Van Dung
(2010), The development of Vietnam Science and Technology Market Do
Hoai Nam (2011), Policy on attracting foreign technology into Vietnam,(2011) Nguyen Minh Khai, Bui Ngoc Quynh (2013), "Combining sciencewith reality: experiences of some countries and lessons for Vietnam",Review of World Economic and Political Issues, Issue 9
1.2.2 Works refer to industrial development, high technology industry
Dang Ngoc Dinh (1999), Building and Development of Hi-tech Park
in Vietnam, (1999) Conference Proceedings (2006), Dialogue on Strategicdevelopment of High Technology in Vietnam Tran Thanh Thuy (2007),Research on building a portfolio of High-Tech Products of Vietnam in thePeriod to 2020 Phan Xuan Dung (2008), Advanced technology and hightechnology with industrialisation and modernisation in Vietnam TranThanh Man (2009), industrial development of Can Tho city till 2020
Trang 81.2.3 The works refer to the development of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region
The group of works dealing with factors affecting the development
of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region:
Nguyen Van Phu (2009), Development of technical infrastructure inthe process of industrialization and modernization in Hai Duong province.Bui Vinh Kien (2009), Policy on local industrial development (appliedresearch in Bac Ninh province) Nguyen Thi Thu Hien (2012), Technicalinfrastructure of Hai Phong in the context of enhancing internationaleconomic integration Nguyen Huu Xuyen (2013), Government policy topromote technology innovation enterprises: case study of enterprises inHanoi Nguyen Thanh Hai (2016), Transpacific Economic PartnershipAgreement - TPP: Opportunities and Challenges for Small and MediumEnterprises in Vietnam, Journal of Economics and Development, No 224
The group of works on industrial development and hi-tech industrialdevelopment in the northern key economic region:
Hoang Van Hoa (2010), Hanoi Core Industry Development to 2020status and solutions To Hien Tha (2014), industrial development in thenorthern key economic region towards sustainability People's Newspaper
- Bac Ninh Party Committee (2017), Conference proceedings of the BacNinh Institute of Science and Technology, promote the development ofindustrialization and modernization towards high technology, efficiencyand friendliness
1.3 Overview of the main results of the published works and the problems that the thesis solves
1.3.1 Outline the main results of the published works related to thesis topic
Firstly, on the theoretical development of high technology industry:
Some works have mentioned quite detailed and complete some theoreticalissues related to the development of high technology industry However,unitl recently, no scientific work has addressed systematically,
Trang 9comprehensively and directly to the development of high technologyindustry, on all three aspects of the theory, reality and solution.
Secondly, on the current situation of high technology industry
development: Some scientific works have mentioned the reality ofdeveloping hi-tech industry in some countries in the world and in ourcountry However, up to now, there have been no researches on thedevelopment of high-tech industry in the northern key economic region
Thirdly, on the solutions for development of high technology
industry: Under different approaches, the previous studies have directly orindirectly proposed some solutions contributing to the development ofhigh technology industry In particular, some works mentioned a number
of general solutions and a number of studies mentioned several solutions
in certain specific areas for the development of high technology industry.These solutions have meaningful reference for the candidate in the process
of proposing recommendations for development of high technologyindustry in the northern key economic region
In summary, the results of the above studies provide importanttheoretical and practical information on the development of hightechnology industry, which is the basis for the candidate to buildtheoretical framework and propose solutions for the development of hightechnology industry in the northern key economic region However, theseworks just mention, analyze certain aspects, individual facet or part of theresearch object of the topic
A number of overseas studies cover the development of high-techindustry in a historical context that is very different from the currentcontext of high-tech industry development in Vietnam It is important forthe candidate to draw lessons learned from the development of hi-techindustry in Vietnam
For domestic researches, high technology industry is a new area inVietnam, so there has not many studies, mainly scientific papers published
in scientific journals covering different aspects So far, there has been noresearch on the development of high-tech industry in Vietnam in asystematic and comprehensive manner covering both theories, reality and
Trang 10solutions Especially, after the Law on High Technology was released in
2008, the hi-tech sector will be prioritized for development in Vietnam and
in 2013, the Government approves the Program for the Development of anumber of hi-tech industries There have been no scientific researches onthe development of hi-tech industry in Vietnam in general and in thenorthern key economic region in particular in the field of politicaleconomy
1.3.2 The problems of the thesis continue to solve
Firstly, continue to study and systematize to clarify the rationale fordevelopment of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region
Secondly, conduct a comprehensive and objective survey andassessment to seethe current development of hi-tech industry in thenorthern key economic region
Thirdly, propose viewpoints and solutions to promote thedevelopment of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region in thefuture
Conclusion Chapter 1
Chapter 2 THEORY FRAMEWORK OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY
DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHERN KEY ECONOMIC
REGION AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 2.1 Some general issues of industry, high technology, hi-tech industry and characteristics of hi-tech industry
2.1.1.Concept of high technology
Industry is an economic sector in the field of physicalproduction - anintegral part of the physical production of the society
High technology in Vietnam is in the field of new technology certified by the Ministry of Science and Technology within a certain period of time, rich in R&D and ability to create products and services with outstanding features, high added value, environmental friendly, thus forming new manufacturing and service industries or modernizing the existing manufacturing and service industries.
Trang 112.1.2 Concepts and characteristics of high technology industry
High-tech industry is a branch of economic and technical sector that apply high technology to produce hi-tech products and provide hi-tech services, based on the high level of socialization of production forces, professional labor, large R&D costs with high levels of risk, and modern management.
This concept is expressed through the characteristics of: Firstly, creation of high-tech products or services Secondly, capital investment often requires large funding with high level of risk Thirdly, the factory with modern
production line system, high labor productivity, limiting the influence of
natural conditions Fourthly, high-tech industry has reached a high level of socialization Fifth, the labor force with high specialization Sixth, the mode of
high-tech industry management has changed profoundly
2.2 Concept, content, criteria and factors affecting the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region
2.2.1 Concept of high technology industry development in the northern key economic region
The development of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region is an active activity of the subjects by applying all methods and measures to create growth in quantity and size, improvement in quality and structure of enterprises and research establishments in order to increase their capability and efficiency, renovate technologies and push up the production of hi-tech products services in each province within the region
The above concept indicates the following issues: purpose; subject;methodof development
2.2.2 Content and assessment criteria for the development of tech industry in the northern key economic region
hi-2.2.2.1 To increase the quantity and size of enterprises and projects producing of hi-tech products and services.
Content: Increasing number of projectsand enterprises certified by
the Ministry of Science and Technology to be high-tech enterprises;projectsand enterprises producing and providing new services; number oflinks, cooperation in production and service supply In terms of scale,
Trang 12enterprises expand on capital; Human Resources; physical facilities forproduction and research.
Criteria: Evaluate the increase in quantity, growth in size through the
above contentand the results achieved on types of products and servicesprovided by enterprises and projects in the production and supply area
2.2.2.2 To improve the quality and efficiency of hi-tech industry development
Content: Firstly, enterprises and project shall improve the quality of
R&D activities; quality of business connection and cooperation;production level, production management; the competitiveness of theproduct Secondly, improve the quality of human resources Thirdly,improve the level of management of high technology industry
Criteria: Based on the working conditions, working environment and
the factors constituting the labor value of the workers; the proportion ofinvestment in R&D and the level of effectiveness of research andapplication of high technology; modern level and production capacity; theeffectiveness of business connection and cooperation; the competitiveness
of the products is assessed through the production value, export turnover,revenue of the enterprise; the effectiveness ofpolicy implementation toassess management quality
2.2.2.3 To rationalize the structure of hi-tech industry
Content: The structure of hi-tech industry in the region must ensure
the balancedand harmonious development among economic components,sectors and localities; The structure of human resources must be ensuredbetween R&D staff and manufacturing staff
Criteria: The relevance in allocation of enterprises and projects
among localities; among different economic sectors and high technologyareas and the percentage of human resources specialized in R&Dactivities in each enterprise or project tends to increase
2.2.3 Factors affecting the development of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region
First, the orientation of the Party, the government policy on the development of high technology industry Second, the achievements of the
Trang 13industrial revolution in the world Third, the market factors Fourth, geographical location and natural conditions of the region Fifth, the level
of socio-economic development of the region Sixth, international
cooperation in the development of high technology industry of theprovinces within in the region
2.3 Domestic and foreign experiences in development of high technology industry and lessons learned for the northern key economic region of Vietnam
2.3.1 Foreign experience
CHINA: Firstly, the high technology industry in China is strongly
developed thanks to the policies and solutionss to develop the high
technology industry of the Government Secondly, focus on developing
high technology zones as the driving force for high technology
development Thirdly, to exploit and promote advantages in each locality
in the development of high-tech industry
Beijing is the region that has been very successful in developinghigh-tech industry, particularly Trung Quan Thon High-tech Park Thisachievement is thanks to: the local government has issued its ownmechanisms and policies in the development of high technology industry;identified the subject of science and technology development located inresearch institutes and universities in Beijing, so the city advocates theattraction of human resources from universities and overseas students; focus
on the development of venture capital funds and support for startups
KOREA: Gyeonggi province has gained a lot of achievements in thedevelopment of hi-tech industry in Korea The success in the development
of high-tech industry in the province is due to: the flexibility of Koreangovernment in adjusting the industrialization strategy; the managementmechanism and the process of building a hi-tech park with suitable andtight management from the central to local levels
2.3.2 Experiences from the southern key economic Region
Ho Chi Minh City is the province with the best achievementscompared to other localities in the southern key economic region in thedevelopment of high technology industry Such achievements are due to
Trang 14the city implementation of the following issues: Early development ofhigh-tech industryas a key, sector, creating a breakthrough in infrastructuredevelopment and policies to attract domestic and foreign investors todevelop hi-tech industry; setting up suitable development policies in eachstage of development of the high-tech park; Particular attention has beenpaid to linking businesses with institutes, schools, especially universities.
2.3.3 Lessons learned for the development of hi-tech industry in the northern key economic region
Firstly, the Government grasps opportunities and flexible and
dynamic in setting up strategies and plans for hi-tech industry
development Second, create a favorable domestic and international environment Third, the formation and development of high technology zone in the locality Fourth,identification of strengths in high technology
industry and promulgation of mechanism and development policy relevant
to local characteristics Fifth, attracttion of foreign technology coupled
with technological capacity building
Lessons learned from the unsuccessful aspects: thedevelopment ofhi-tech parks in localitiesshould be carefully considered; The process ofdeveloping hi-tech industryshould avoid dependence on foreigntechnology In addition, the development of hi-tech industry in thenorthern key economic region should pay special attention to thedevelopment of hi-tech human resources
Conclusion Chapter 2
Chapter 3 CURRENT SITUATION OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY
DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGION 3.1 Achievements and limitations in the development of hi-tech industries in the northern key economic region
3.1.1 Achievements
3.1.1.1 The number and size of enterprises and projects producing
in hi-tech productsand services of localities in the region have initially increased