NOTES ON FRESH-WATER FISHES FROM MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA, MEEK 1907

134 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM ZOOLOGY, VOL.. body; length of adipose fin 2.72; maxillary barbels reaching slightly height of adipose fin 7.45; base of anal 2.90; pectoral spine 2.51; Colorb

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FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.

CHARLES B CORY,

Curator of Department of Zoology.

CHICAGO, U. S A.

October, 1907

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NOTES ON FRESH-WATER FISHES FROM MEXICO AND

CENTRAL AMERICA.

During the past year and a half the Museum has received fromMexico and CentralAmerica several collections of fresh-waterfishes.

The Central American countries represented are Guatemala, Beliz,

Nicaragua and Costa Rica In the following paper those from eachcountryarelistedseparately Thelargest collectionsarefromGuate-

mala andarelisted first. ThesecollectionsweremadeduringJanuary

and February, 1906, as follows: Collections made by the writer are

fromtheMotaguaRiveratElRancho,LakeAmatitlan, Mazatenango SanJose del Idolo and Caballo Blanco; a collection made by Dr N

Dearborn, Rio Motagua, LosAmates; acollectionmade byC. M

The Rio Motagua at El Rancho and at Los Amates flows with a

doesnotappear tobewell suppliedwith fishes, especially initsupper

who has given an excellent account of the ichthyology of this river,

whichisthelargestonein the Republic

The water-courses visited by the writer at Mazatenango and San

over rocky bottoms The Rio Tilapa at Caballo Blanco drains thewestern slope of the volcano Santa Maria, and since the eruption of

1902 ithas been almost without fishes. At Caballo Blancothis river

isverywide,butaveragesinFebruarylessthan afoot indepth Itis

overloadedwith sedimentfromthe ashesthrownoutduring that

erup-tion. A collection of fishes was made in the Rio Isquia a short tancesouthofCaballo Blanco In these the currentwassluggish,and

dis-fisheswere more abundant in them than in the waters of the higher

and Atitlan will be described in a paper now in preparation Thestudyoftheselakeswas madeunderthepatronageofthe Guatemalangovernment

Iwish toacknowledge my indebtedness to Mr Combs, U S. Min

ister to Mexico, his secretary, Mr Brown, andto Mr Winslow, U S.

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134 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM ZOOLOGY, VOL VII.

Consul General, for many courtesies; also to Mr Hodgson, GeneralManager, and Mr. Tisdal, Assistant General Manager of the Guate-

mala Central Railroad, who very materially aided me in

transpor-tation

Family SiluriclfP

Rhamdia parryi (Eigenmann).

Head4.1 to4.3inlengthofbody; depth 4.5to 4.8; snouttodorsal

2.7 to-2 8; length of adipose fin 3.3 to 3.6; snout 2.4 to 2.8 in head;

anal rays 10 or n; maxillary barbels reaching to middle of base of

CaballoBlanco (5), 85 to126mm.; SanJosedelIdolo (i), 130mm.

Rhamdia cabrera? Meek

a more slender body, a less elevated dorsal region, and shorter fins.

The maxillary barbels are much shorter, their tips seldom reachingbaseofpectoral spine, andnottoitsmiddle

Lake Amatitlan (36), 75 to 145 mm.

Rhamdia godmani (Gunther).

body; length of adipose fin 2.72; maxillary barbels reaching slightly

height of adipose fin 7.45; base of anal 2.90; pectoral spine 2.51;

Colorbluish,ventral regionwhite; alightbar on dorsalfin. This

having a longer head

One specimen from El Rancho, 223 mm.

Family

Astyanax seneus (Gunther).

Tetragonopterus fasciatus Gunther, Cat., v,322, 1864 (part),

Hua-muchal; Rio Guacalate; Rio Chisoy, Vera Paz; Mexico; Guatemala; Central America

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Cor-OCT., 1907 FRESH-WATER FISHES MEEK. 135

Tetragonopterusceneus Gunther, Proc Zool Soc Lond., 1860, 319,

Oaxaca, Mexico: Gunther, Cat., v, 326, Oaxaca, Mexico:Meek, Field Col. Mus Pub., Zool Ser., v, 86, 1904, Rivers of

IsthmusofTehuantepec on both sides ofthe divide

Tetragonopterus micropthalmus Giinther, Cat., vr 324, 1864, Lake

Amatitlan, Guatemala; Pacific Coast of Guatemala; RioRimac

Tetragonopterus humilis Gunther, Cat., v, 326, 1864, Lake

Amati-tlan, Guatemala

I amunable to recognize but one species.

ElRancho (80), 70 to 130mm.; Los Amates (35), 55 to 85 mm.; Lake Amatitlan (46), 50 to 120 mm.; San Jose" del Idolo (35), 55 to

120 mm.; Caballo Blanco (43), 55 to no mm.

Roeboides guatemalensis (Gunther)

there is littleor no current

SanJosedel Idolo (100), 40 to60mm.; Caballo Blanco (17), 55 to

85 mm.

Brycon dentex Gunther

None of the specimens taken by me was large.

ElRancho (45), 43-to 123 mm.; LosAmates(2), 80to90mm.

Family (ry

Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus ANGUIA

Two specimens from outlet of Lake Amatitlan are much darker

Miller.

Los Amates 170 mm., head 8.50; depth 10.00 in total length;

snout 2.79 inhead; interorbital 2.67; greatestwidthofhead 1.54.Outlet of Lake Amatitlan 146 mm.; head 8.14 in total length;depth 9.15; snout 3.00 inhead; interorbital 2.47; head 8.30 in total

width ofhead 1.43.

These two specimens from Amatitlanare ofadark brownishcolor,

the smallerone hasafewdarker ventral while the

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from Los Amates, Guatemala, is of a very light uniform color. No

speci-mensintheMuseumcollectionfromSouthAmerica havequite a

yellowishbars,whicharelessthanhalf aswideasthe interspaces; on

the other the yellow bars are much wider and nearly as wide as the

Lake Amatitlan It is very tenacious oflife andso is prized for theaquarium It isalsoregardedas averysuperior foodfish.

Family Poeciliidfle

Fundulus punctatus (Giinther). JULUMINA.

baseofdorsal 1.7 to 2.1 inhead; baseofanal 1.6to 2.0; pectoral notreaching ventrals, 1.6 to 1.8 in head;ventrals reaching slightly more

to 1.6inhead,its leastdepth 1.7to 1.9 inhead

Colordark olivaceous;a ratherindistinct dark lateralband, most

conspicuous on posterior half of fish, manyof the scales on posterior

fin withsmallblackspots; other finspale, unspotted

Mazatenango (7), 60 to 100 mm.; San Jos del Idolo (2),65 to

70 mm.

Fundulus guatemalensis Giinther JULUMINA

Fundulus guatemalensis Giinther, Fishes Cent Amer., 482, pi.

LXXXIV, figs 3 and 4, 1869, Lake Duenas; Amatitlan; RioGuacalate.*

Fundulus pachycephalus Giinther, 1 c., 482, pi. LXXXIV, fig 6,

Lake Amatitlan

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OCT., 1907 FRESH-WATER FISHES MEEK. 137

uniformcoloration In thisspecies thelateralbandis lessprominent

and there areno, or very few, spotson caudal peduncle and none on

dorsal and caudal fins. Head 3.4 to 3.6 in body; depth 2.9 to 3.1;

baseofanal 1.6to 2.0; pectoral 1.6 to 1.8; ventral 2.3 to 2.5; length

of caudal peduncle 1.5 to 1.6; depth of caudal peduncle 1.7 to 1.9;scales 11-35.

Lake Amatitlan (53), 50 to 90 mm.; Atitlan (i) 54 mm.

Qambusia fasciata Meek

Abundant in lowland streams nearCaballo Blanco Thevertical

bandsonsidesvary from4 to 9.

CaballoBlanco (100),40to 70mm.

Heterandria pleurospilus (Gimther).

Very abundant in lowlandstreams Thelargeblack spots on the

Te-huantepec and Guatemala.

Mazatenango (75), 33 to 60 mm.; San Jose del Idolo (180), 30 to

75 mm.; CaballoBlanco (18), 35 to 75 mm.

Heterandria lutzi Meek

course of the Rio Motagua It is not known to occuronthe Pacificslope

ElRancho (24), 30to 75 mm.

Garman, (part) Mem., Mus., Comp. Zool., 1895, 59, pi iv,

fig 13, Mexico and Central America: Jordan & Evermann,

Tehuantepec: Miller, Bull Amer. Mus Nat Hist., 1907, 107,Rio Motagua from El Rancho to mouth

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Molienisia fasc-iata Mtiller & Troschel, Mon Akad. Wiss., Berlin,

GawibusiamodestaTroschel, Miiller'sReiseinMexico,iii,639, 1865,

Mexico

178, Southern Mexico: Gunther, Cat., vi, 340, 1866, Chiapam;Duenas; RiverChoisoy,Vera Paz; LakeAmatitlan:

Jordan&

Evermann, 1 c. 692: B. A. Bean, Proc U S. Nat Mus., 1898,

Santa Maria, Vera Cruz

Poecilia' thermalis* Steindachner, Akad. Wiss., Wein, 1863, 181,

Warmsprings in Central America

VeraPaz: Jordan& Evermann, 1 c.,693

Evermann,1 c., 694

of Amatitlan: Gill & Bransford, Proc Acad Nat Sci. Phila.,

1877, 183: Jordan& Evermann,1 c., 695

129, fig 10, Rio Tamesin,Tampico: Jordan& Evermann, 1 c.,

Pre-sidio, near Mazatlan: Jordan & Evermann, 1 c., 691:

waterinGulfofTehauntepec,SalinaCruz:Meek,FieldCol.Mus.Pub., Zool Ser., v., 151, 1904

found in salt, brackish and fresh water, its vertical range is from sea

abundant It occurs in low, stagnant pools to swift mountain

streams This species is often reported tolive inhot springs, and to

areanumberofhotsprings at the water'sedge. The discharge fromthesespringsformsarather thinlayer ofhotwateronthe surfaceforadistanceofabout1 5metersfromthespring. Asthesefishesapproachwithin a meteror so ofthe springthey have theappearance ofswim-

minginveryhot water. Thetemperatureofthewateron the surface

isscaldinghot,whilethestratumbelowis lessthan90 F It isinthis

(Cat., vi, 341, 1866) under this name have been made the basis of a newspecies, Pcecilia salvatoris(Ann.& Mag.Xat. Hist., 1907, 65) byMr Regan

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Universitycaught alotofthese fishesoneday andplacedtheminthehot water ofthe spring. All of them were killed soon after striking

the hot water These fishes are abundant in the warm water near

ifthey everforanylength oftime endureatemperatureofmorethan

100 F In Guatemala City I was unable to secure a thermometerwhich wouldregisterover 110 F andsowas unableto take thetem-peratureofthesesprings. Inmanyplacesnearthesprings onecouldquickly plunge his hand into the water and easily demonstrate thatthe surface water was too hot for comfort, while the temperature of

the water beneath was not much warmer than that out in the lake

The water in the spring was warm enough to scald chickens, and it

wouldcook eggs softin about 6 to 8 minutes andfairly hardin about

15 minutes In water of this temperature, and even much cooler,

fishes couldnot live.

he kindly did, and in arranging the synonymy above I have not

de-partedmuch fromtheresultsof hisstudyofthisspecies. Thefamily

towhich thisspeciesbelongsisbeingmonographed byMr Regan

El Rancho (85), 29 to 53 mm.; Lake Amatitlan (200), Lake

Caballo Blanco (21), 50 to90mm.

Family Atheriiiidtt'

Thyrina meeki Miller.

RioMotaguaatElRancho

ElRancho (15), 40to 95 mm.

Family Mugiliclas

Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft). TRUCHA.

canbeseenamongthe bouldersbut theircaptureis difficult.

San del Idolo 82 mm.

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Family Ceiitropomidse.

Centropomus nigrescens Gunther

CaballoBlanco (15), 50 to 135 mm.

Family

Laitiaiiidse-Neormenis argentiventris (Peters).

One small specimen taken in fresh water Color in life red, in

spirits a nearly uniform reddish-brown, lighter in ventral region.

ante-rior margin of pupil, its length 2.62 in head; mandible 1.94; snout

Caballo Blanco (i), 70 mm.

Family Cichlidse

Cichlasoma macracanthum (Gunther).

San JosedelIdolo (i), 50mm.; Caballo Blanco (2).

Cichlasoma centrale Meek

Caballo Blanco (i), 103 mm.

Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Gunther).

Cichlasoma mojarra Meek It also has a less pointed snout, smallermouth, shorter anal base, a narrower preorbital, larger eye, higher

equalsizeofeachofthesetwospecies.

C trimaculatum: Total length 200 mm Head to

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OCT., 1907 FRESH-WATER FISHES MEEK. 141depth 1.8 to 1.9; preorbital 5.6 to 5.7 in head; eye 3.8 to 4.3; last

length of caudal peduncle 4.0 to 4.2, its depth 2.1 to 2.2; D xvito

xviii, 1 1or 1 2

C mojarra: Total length 200to 241 mm Head 2.5 to 2.6; depth

spine 2.8 to 2.9; last dorsalspine2.7to 2.9; pectoral1.2to 1.3; length

of caudalpeduncle 3.6 to 4.0, its depth 2.4 to 2.6; D xvii or xviii,

CaballoBlanco (4), 100to 205mm.

Cichlasoma guttulatum (Gunther)

fish inthe lakeandtheonemostprizedforfood

Mr Regan in his account of this family in the Biol. Cent.-Amer.,

20, suggests thatCichlasoma zonatumMeek maybeidenticalwiththis

rays are erroneously givenas 6.

Lake Amatitlan (100), 70 to 220 mm.; San Jose del Idolo (4), 50

to 95 mm.; Caballo Blanco (7), 50 to 165mm.

Cichlasoma maculicauda Regan

Cichlasomaman anaMiller, Bull Amer. Mus Nat Hist., 1907, 116,Rio Motagua, Algeria; Rio Kilagua, Los Amates; Rio Tene-

dores

There is little doubt, as suggested by Miller, of the identity of C.maculicauda and C manana The two specimens examined by meagreewellwiththedescriptiongivenby Regan and byMiller.

LosAmates (2), 220 and 230 mm.

Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum (Gunther).

common in Lake Atitlan It lives near shore in the larger aquatic

nearLakeAtitlanusethemfor food Thisfishnever grows large and

smallbones seldom used food atLake Amatitlan

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The absence of better fish is the only excuse for eating it at Lake

Head 3.0 to 3.2; depth 2.4 to 2.6; D xvii to xix, 10 to 12; A

profilecurved,moderatelysteep, mouthlow,moderate; maxillary notreaching vertical from anterior margin of orbit; its length 3.0 to 3.5

in head; lips thick, the lower with margin free, though slightly less

to 2.7 in head; preorbital3.7 to4.3; postorbital 2.4to 2.6; snout 2.1

length of pectoral 1.3 to 1.4 in head; ventral 1.3 to 1.4; length of

caudalpeduncle2.3 to2.5inhead,itsdepth 2.2to2.3; caudalfincate; no prominent nuchalhump developedon anyofthespecimens;

trun-gill rakers short, 2 + 7.

Colorolivaceous, thelarger individuals (over115 mm.) much

on smaller (less than 115 mm.) individuals, not well defined on the

with light lines along the rows of scales; a dark caudal spot; soft

narrow dark line from end of maxillary on cheek below eye; usually

a few darkspots on cheeks Namedfor Mr Newton Miller, whohasmuch increasedour knowledgeof Guatemalan Fishes

Rio Motagua, El Rancho, Guatemala (14), 32 to 195 mm. LosAmates, Guatemala (i), 224 mm.

Cichlasomaellioti (Meek)

El Rancho (13), 30 to 135 mm.

Cichlasoma montaguensis (Gunther).

One male200 mm.,threefemales 115 to 163 mm., smallones

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males; femaleswith a dark band downward and backward fromeye,

also a dark spot at base of pectoral; vertical fins unspotted; male

with small black spots on head and on nuchal region; vertical fins

profusely spotted The smallspecimens have a very distinct lateral

inthe sexesofthis speciesmuchresemblethosein the sexesof

Cichlasomafredr-ichsthaliiHeckel,with whichithasbeen identifiedby

Philypnus maculatus (Gunther) GUAVINA.

specimens from the easf side; anal fin usually with 10 rays,

*Bull.Amer Mus Nat

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regioninwhichthefishesarelittleknown.

Family Siluridfe

Rhamdia regani sp. nov BARBUDO.

Type No. 60-19, F M. N H.; length 93 mm.; Turrialba, CostaRica Head 4.6 to4.8; depth 5.5 to 5.9; D.i-6; A n or 12. Bodyelongate; head flattish above covered with smooth skin; lower jaw

inhead; eyesmall,4.7 to5.1 inhead; interorbital2.6 to 2.7; snoutto

be-tweenthe eyes; maxillary barbels short, reachingabout tomiddle of

pectoral fin; baseofadiposefin shorterthan its distancefrom dorsal,itslength4.6 to 5.0inbody,its distancefromdorsal4.3to4.5inbody;

to 1.6; pectoral spine about % length of fin, its length 2.8 to 3.0 in

head; inner edgeofpectoralspine denticulate.

Color greenish olive, head darker, fins all plain Close to

contained 6500 eggs Namedfor Mr C. T Regan oftheBritish seum, who has much increased our knowledge of tropical American

Carassius auratus (Linnaeus). FEZ DORADO.

fish often seen in aquariums

Costa Rica, Pacificside (i), 124mm.; SanJose" (incaptivity) (i),

112 mm.

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Family Characinidse.

Astyanax oerstedii

(Kroyer)

reaching ventral; ventrals to analfin; diameter of eye 2.80 in head;

Astyanax asneus (Gunther). SARDINIA

Roeboides guatemalensis (Gunther).

Santo Domingo, 200 meters (2), 103 and no mm.

Family Pceciliidse

Rivulus flahellicauda Regan BARBUDO ROQUERO; RIMORA.

Centers of scales the darker; fins uniform dark, without dark

Mr Regan's description ofthis species is so briefthat I makethis

ElGuayabo (3), 54 to 63 mm.

Qambusia annectens Regan OLOMINA.

Type No 6025, F M N H.; length 50 mm.; Turrialba, Costa

Rica

Head3.8to3.9;depth3.3to3.6;D.9or10; A 8or9;scales3i Body

Cynodonich-Mus

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