The species of Amphibolips and their galls, Beutenmuller

53with the fust cross-vein more defined than in and the dark cloudIn the base of the open radial area smaller and not the small areolet,1'elIlOOing:q\lute to it on the anterior side.. An

Art.iole VI.- SPECIES OF AMPHIBOLIPS AND

GALLS.

By WILLIAM BEUTENMti'LLER

of

The genus All~p'tib<)li1)8 seems to be confined to North America and

botanical are of considerable scientific imlportaI1ICe,

would prove develoI,me:nt of ve~etab!le

It was first considered scientists that the female ~all-proclucin~ ~J , " •• _de:pm,ited simulltane(msily with its egg a of which caused

were about to escape from the eggs, and the same observer found that as the larvre grew and so the increased in size.

Hence it may be inferred that formation is the result of the lrntatlmg

An allusion to the way in which are de'\'ell)pE~d upon

p 304 The foll.owing palragraplh expresses his COfl('e]flti()lleXI~itll,tOl'Y action of the larvre of upon the cells of the host

47

48 Bulletin American Jhse'!m 01 Natural rI'u,wru.

und welches :.un den Reiz sur

Reize nacheinander die die Larve

genauabig~ltufte I:U~iz,Nirlktme:dieZellen in verschiedener Weise zur·I'I,;;"~­

keit sei es zum blossen Wachsen und Sichvermehren in bestimmter

rungen von NahrstofJen u s w Schon aHein die sehwachen

wirksame und vermuthlieh zeitlich weehselnde StofJe aile diese

verstehen wir so die me durch g'e()rdnel:e A,uflemanldel"foll~

und genaue diesel' verschiedenen Zellenreize del' in del' That wunderbare Bau del' Gallen zu Stande kommt als das Produkt des direk- ten und Einllusses des Gallinsektes auf den Pllanzentheil."

Dr H his invaluable paper 'Uber den uenelrati,onswleclJLSel[s

makes the observations on

aussch-Larva die Galle wie sich unschwer nachweisen liisst Bei den Zuchtversuehen wiederholt sich namlich immer die J<.:r:scllleulwle:.

dass nach dem Stich zunachst keine Reaktion des betrefJenden

sieht man deutlich die Stelle wo del' Stachel abel' wahrend der ersten 14 tritt eine weitere del' BlattBache nieht

dem Steehen etwas Sekret der Giftdriise in die Wunde gen, welches eben dem vom Stachel Sehnitt in die Blattflache

wenn von dieser im Mai Blatter anl~esto(~ben

del' Kn:osJle u s w eingefiOs:st

bildung setzt, ist die Sache um

schliessenden Pllanzenzellen

0/ A.l1lphibo,rips and their Galls. 49

value

ist.

abjte!let:rt wurde, Man kann von dieser leicht Eier

Male bei N euroteru8 larvi:u8culU8 und Biorhiza dieses Stadium zu beobachten In dem nun, wo die Larve die Eihaut durchbroehen hat und zum ersten Male mit den feinen Kiefern die nich-

Dis-selbe so rasch von staUen, wiihrend die Lan'e mit dem leibsende noch in der Eihaut vorn bereits einewana:rt~:e ~V1H'hf!rllnl1'yon Zellen sich erhebt Man kann sich freilich diese schnelle Zellenver-

Wacbs-thume in sich vel'eiIl~en.

Gall-formation may thus yery be considered as a

in its floral in with such contributions as enlloulol,ogical may furnish from the and determination of the tm,ic1olo,p;y

of the larvfe.

Anaphibollips Reinhard.

HARRIS, Ins, Mass., 1841, p 398

Ca,!lmlpUiia(in part) FITCH, ';th Ins N Y., 18';9, p 38

Ar.npJlib.11i}18 REINHARD, Berlin, Ent 7 eit", Vol IX, 1865, p 10; l\I.UR, Gen

26,31; DALLA TORRE and KIEJ'FER, Gen Ins Hymen Fam 1902,p 67;AsHMEAD,Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol XII, 188.5, p 62; Vol X, 1903, p 154.Head large Antennre in the female in the male 15 Hj~]o,ml:ed.

Thorax very robust, wider than the head, convex and very

scabrous or aciculated grooves distinct or indistinct,

cushion-a little wider thcushion-an long, cushion-and sometimes emcushion-argincushion-ate cushion-at the tip, with thefovere at the base very and "'Tinkled Abdomen smooth or punct'ur1ed,

or almost fuliginous Radial area open at the

Cynipll Ilponyifica O S

50 Bulletin American Museum 0/ Natural

AnlpbJibolips edn8D.s

lxrnflueTlsHARRIS, Ins Mass 1841 p 397; Treat Ins

2nd edit., 1852, p 433; Treat Ins 3rd edit.,

9, 10 and 253, 254; ibid.,Flint edit., 1862, p 546, pI

Zeit Stettin, 1861, pp 405 408, 410; SMITH, Ent Month Vol V, 1869, p 298;GLOVER,Ill N Am Ent., 1877; viii, 5; U S Com 1877 (I878),

aciculataOSTEN Proc Ent Soc Phila., Vol.I,1861, p 56; ibid.,

Vol IV, 1865, pp 341, 354; REINHARD, Ent Zeit., Vol IX, 1865, p 5;

Month Vol V 1869, p 298; PnovANcHER, Nat Canad., Vol XII,

1881 p 232; Faun Ent Canad 1887, p 176

q aciculata OSTEN SACXEN, Proc Ent Soc Phila., Vol I, 1862, pp 245.

247; BASSETT, Proc Ent Soc Phila., Vol II, 1863 p 329; WALSH Am Ent.,Vol I, 1869, p 103; ibid.,Vol 1870, p 330

quercus aciculata WALSH, Proc Ent Soc Phila., Vol. II, 1864, p 443

Afl'tpJlibl)li})B aciculataMAYR, Gen Gallenb 1881, p 27; BEUTENMt'LLER,Bull Am Mus Nat Vol IV, 1892 p 251; DALLA TORRE, Cat Vol.II,

1893, p 103

Andricus confluens AsHMEAD, Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol XII, 1885,p 295

Afl'tpJlibl)li})8 confluensASHMEAD, Trans.Am Ent Soc., Vol XIV, 1887, p 127;Bull I, Col BioI Assoc., 1890, p 38; DALLA TORRE, Cat Vol II, 1893,

p 105; BRIDWELL, Trans Kans Acad Sci., Vol XVI, 1899, p 203; DALLA TORREand KIEFFER Gen Ins Fam 1902, p 67; BEUTENMt'LLER

Vol XV, 1908 p 10

Afl'tpJlibl)lil)8 confluentue BEUTENM()LLER, Bull Am Mus Nat Hist.• Vol IV,

1892, p.250 x, 4; Am Mus Vol IV, 190,1,p 96 14; Ins.Vicino N.Y., 1904, p 10, 14; COOK 29th Gool Nat Hist " ,,,"'

1904 (1905) p 822 16; FELT Ins Affect Park and Woodl Trees Vol.II 1006,p.625

2

Ent Soc Ont., 1906 (1907), p 70, pI.Head black, rugose face with aciculations An-

tennm black, or somewhat 13-jointed Thorax rugose with many

IOIlgltu<linal aciculations grooves very indistinct traceable

flat and not distinct Pleurre rugose with dense grooves or aciculatioll 'l

which is open at the costal margin Areolet large 4to 6 rom

eonftn8D.s form

C01'ljllumcb OSTEN SACKEN (noll Harris), Proc Ent Soc Phila" Vol I,

1861, p 56

247; ibid.,VoL IV, 181>5,pp.344,347

oJ Amphiioolijps and their Galls. 51

que7'CU8 coccineaWALSH, Proc Ent.Soc Phila., Vol.II,1864, p 445

A1l1pJIWl>lil1l! caccineaAsHMEAD, Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol XII, 1885, p 303;

ibid., Vol 1887, p 127; GILLETTE, 27th Mich., 1888, p 467;Vol V, 1889, p 183; Proc Iowa Acad SeL, Vol I, 1892, p 110; DALLATORRE, Cat Vol II, 1893,p 104; BRIDWELL, Trans Kans Acad Sci.,Vol XVI, 1899, p 203; DALLE TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen Ins Fam

Ar.'f/,pl1.ib<~liJ)8 8JPtnI.{JiJlcaREINHARD, Berlin, Ent Zeit., Vol V, 1865, p 10; MAYR,Gen Gallenb 1881,p 27; AsHMEAD, Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol XII, 1885,

pp 294, 304; Vol XIV, 1889, p 127; Bull No.1, Colorado BioI Assoc., 1890,p.38; GILLETTE, 27th Mich., 1888, p 468; Vol V, 1889, p.184; BEUTENMilLLER, Bull Am Mus Nat Hist., Vol IV, 1892, p 251; DALLATORRE, Cat." Vol.II,1893, p 106; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen Ins

Fam 1902,p.68

Female. Head black, rugose, with a few scattered hairs Antennre13-JOllilte'11,black or basal rufous Thorax dark rufous, coarsely and iITE!gularllyrugose, wrinkled at the sides, and not aeiculated as in the diInorphic

at the scutellum Median groove rather distinct and broad Anterior

very narrow and indistinct Pleurre rugose Scutellum

yellowish with a brown at the base of the radial cell.3.50to5 mm

Male. Head, thorax and scutellum black with the like that in thefemale Antennre abdomen from red toalmost black Other-wise as in the female 3to3.50 mm

GaU (Plate 1; Plate XI, Figs 1, 2.) On the leaves from avein or the on red oak (QuerCU8 rub'l"a), scarlet oak (QuerCU8 caCC'inea),

tron or oak (QuerCU8 velulina) in May and June Globular or

or opaque with a thin outer shell filled with awhite spongy substance and with a large, hard, central larval cell When fresh the

is and brown when old and with the internal spongy substancedark Diameter, 25 to 50 mm

Habitat: Canada; New and Middle States, south to and west

to Colorado

This well-knmvn is very common and hundreds may be often found

52 BuY-din American Museum oj Natural rl1"<Wfr7l_

p.

of Natural HLSitOI'y

leaves

and is

oak ((Jt.teTC1it8 'Ve'tuti:na).

on different kinds of oaks to the red oak group,

female flies Tbese have been named Osteni:la,I:K1tm,

The which emerge in October or thefoJlovliinlZ

Ac,cOI"din.g to Walsh Vol I,

He informs us that the fore or middle of June both male and female llall1-Ill1eS of A. eat their way out of a certain of while the larvre of otbers lie dormant for more tban two when into pupre state, and about October eat their way out

of tbese autumnal flies examined all were females with not a male among them He has eX!le1'1imEmtldly as(:ertain,ed,

number of these females upon isolated black oaks

manner, i e., tbem upon another isolated black and obtained

The of A. !;W")''''''''''' are in the Boston

and A aciculata and are in the Museum ofCom~lar;!1thre ZooIog:y.

carolinienllis Bas8ett.

DALLATORRE, Cat Vol II, 1893,p 104; DALLATORRE and Gen

the coarse of the thorax Abdomen reddish brown with the second ment shorter than inA. dark reddish brown

seg-of Amphu~liJpaand their Galls. 53with the fust cross-vein more defined than in and the dark cloud

In the base of the open radial area smaller and not the small areolet,1'elIlOOing:q\lute to it on the anterior side Claws two toothed 5.50 mm

Gd. (Plate 3.) Attached tothe midrib near the of a leaf and

-of oak Q1;erCUllminor. Resembles the of Anlpkibolipa apon¢.{Wa

and cinerea, but the surface is more reticulated and lessInt;errlaUy the spongy ma88 the larval cell is of a much darker color.The outer shell is thinner and in dried is shrunken and del)re:il8e<d

Habitat: North Carolina (Statesville).

The of the adult is in the American Entornologi:cal

in the American Museum of Natural

:resembles that ofA11~phibol~ip8 WnqU:(n'nl18.

Am.pbilboJ1:ps IOngil~Ol'Iliis Bassett.

and the very much

15-firat and second very short, second third one and one half1;imes as as the fust two, fourth three-fourths as as the third, fifth and fol-lowing scarcely shorter than the fourth Thorax black, m",.hh"ritl,~ lon,gitudiina:Uy.Palrapsid:al grooves indistinct in the coarse corrupations Scutellum very short andbroad, with two carinre the doraal surface into three eql11al cOlil'll1elywrinkled parts Fovere round, and smooth Abdomen small,

·smooth brown, veins distinct, with a reddish brown cloud on the small

;areolet and at the base of the radial area Cubitus continuous 4 mm

leaves and young of oak Monothalamous and very thin shelled

it is of a soft, and spongy not unlike that ofA 8]Xmgijica.

35 mm Width 30 mm

Habitat: Texas (Palestine).

of oak upon which the of this occur is not

are in a very poor condition and the is The are with the American Entomo-

In the American Museum of Natural

acuminata Ashmead.

Ar.rl-pllib<7lij)8 acuminataASHMEAD, Proc.LJ S Nat Mus., Vol XIX, 1896, p.127;

54 Bulletin American Museum of Natural n"fUff'll. XXVI

with the apex drawn out into a which is sometimes bent Yellowish brovm,p:nJbllbl:y green when fresh, thin shelled as in and smooth.Inl'enlailly it is filled with a spongy llubstance, with a central, hard, larval cell

WALSH, Proc Ent Soc Vol II, 1864, p 481; Am Ent Vol I, 1869, p 104,

79; ibid.,Vol II, 1870, p 331

347,354

Am.Ent Soc., Vol XII, 1885, p 294; ibid.,Vol XIV, 1887, p 127; GILLETrE,27tb

1888, p 468; Vol V, 1889, p 184; Proc Iowa Acad.ScL, Vol pt II, 1892, p 111; BEUTENMtlLLER, Bull Am MUll Nat Hist., Vol IV"

1892, p 251, pI x, fig 5; Am MUll Jouro., Vol IV, 1904, p 97, 15; Ina GallsVicino N Y., 1904, p 11, 15; DALLA TORRE, Cat Vol 1893, p 105;DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen Ins Fam 1902, p 67;29th Gool Nat Hist Indiana, 1904 (1905), p 823, 17; FELT, Ins.Affect Park and Wood Trees, Vol II, 1906, p 625; JARVIS, Ent Soc Ont."

1907 (1908), p 90

MaleaooFemale. Head black and rugose Antennre of the f!male 14-·]0:mtect, dark brown, basal and terminal reddish; IS-jointed in themale, reddish brown or black and than in the female Thoraxvery

a rugose median groove and the anterior lines visible grooves

almost lost in the rugose surface, but traceable toward the scutellum Pleurre rugose

tibire and tarsi sometimes infuscated Wings with a brown atthe base of the radial area, and over the second cross-vein

of male 3 to 4 mm.; of female 4 to 4 '5 mm

GaU. (Plate XI, 6, 7.) On the leaves of scarlet and red oak (Quercwt coccinea and Quercus rubra) in and June green, sometinlcs with darkerspots Globular or so, sometinles with a small at the apex, thinlSlU~ue'U.

with the surface Inside with a larval cell held in position thread-like

brown It is then very thin shelled and brittle Dismeter 25 to 35 mm

North Carolina; Ohio; Indiana; Iowa

oj AmphiJ'lolil[)8 and their GalUi. 55

ExterJnally the may be mistaken for that ofA1inpJ'n/);oliJo8 clmjiuens,

but it as a rule smaller and the larval cell is held in pos:iticm

fibres while the of are filled cornpletely with a dense spongy

in the American 1\Iuseum of Natural Hi"t", ,

Am Ent Soc., Vol XII, 1885, pp 294, 304; BEUTENM(JLLER, Bull Am Mus Nat.Bist., Vol 1892, p 252, x, 6; Am Mus Journ., Vol IV, 1904, p 97, 16;11lll Galis Vicino N Y., 1904, p 11, 16; DALLA TORRE, Cat Vol II,

1893, p 104; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen IIlll Fam 1902,p.67; FELT, IIlll Affect Park and Wood Trees, Vol II, 1906, p 625

liS-JOllrlte1C1, firstand second joints short, joint dull

cence, grooves obliterated the coarse, somewhat arranged sC1Jllpt,uring.Scutellum very rugose with fovere Abdomen ventral

reddish brown, the segments, except the first and second, with very finemi,~ro~co:pic

punctures anterior and middle reddish brown with the upper parts ofthe femora and COXal black; posterior black, reddish at the

veillll brownish black, vein at base of the open radial area, covered

a brownish black cloud, which covers part of the but does not reachthe anterior of the In some examples there is a very brown cloud

in the basal cell Areolet very small 4.25 mm

Male. Similar to the female, but with antennre, and darker the

GnU. XII, Figs 5, 6.) On the upper side of the leaves of scrub oak

de-velopment of the leaf and growing out of the petiole Dark green,elo'ng.ated, fusiform with the apex and more slender than the basal

and often curved The outer shellisthin, smooth, and opaque

with a larval cell held in fibres as inAn~p;,ib<>liJ>8inalrlis.

25to 'J5 mm.; width 7 to 20 mm

Connecticut; New York; New

The may be found in and June and the adults emerge the latter month The are in the American EnltornoJlogical

in the American Museum of Natural Hi:dorv

56 Bulletin American Museum 0/ Natural n'.,w'ru.

304; ibid.,Vol XIV, p 128; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen Ins Fam

1902, p.67; BEUTENMOLLER, Am Vol IV, 1904, p 98, 17.Ins Galls Vicino N.Y.,1904,p.12, 17

reddish bro'\\"Il rusty femora and infuscated

with a brown spot on the second ero_vein and a pale almost obsolete ish shade between it and the anal of the radial area open, second cross-

Gall. (Plate XI, 8, 9, 10.) On the of a leaf of scarlet oak(QuerCWl

ooccinea) and red oak (QuerCU8 rubra). Sometimes also found on young and tender

with a inserted on the of the leaf and the pnJIOl!lg1llticlD

of the leaf-vein green with a thin outer shell there is an

4to8mm

are in the Museum of Comrlarl:l.ti,'e Zoollogy.

Mr W T Davis and are in the American l\luseum of The makes its appearance from about the middle of and the adult emerges the latter month It is but differs a less distinct areolet and

is somewhat similar to those ofAfnphtllOllpa citlrift»""tl>1"i.<l

citriformia

citrifor1I1'isASHMEAD, Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol IX, 1881, p x.xVUI.

303; ibid.,Vol XIV, 1887, p 130; DALLA TORRE, Cat Vol II, 1893, p 104;

Female. Head and thorax brownish black, and ~.oarsely punctate

brownish AntennlP reddish brown,sidal grooves indistinct, lines obsolete, Hcutellum rounded, rugoso-punctate andsomewhat Foven> distinct PleurlP mgose Abdomen reddishbrown, minutely pUllctate with a few hairs at the base of the-second segment

01 Amphuooli J r>8 and their Galls. 57

of willow oak(QuerCUII

yeillolvisll, and rather thinradliating filaments

in the American Museum of Natural

reddish brown, somewhat darker, puillescerit

veins radial area open, a dark brown spot across the base from

of subcostal vein, basal vein thick, subcostal for a short distance dark

Gall. (Plate XIII, 6-10) On the

collSi<ierablly in from narrow

apex attenuated to II.

shelled is a larval cell held in

12to24mm.; width 6 to 12 mm

Habitat: Florida

The

National Ml1Setlm,

AIIlph:ibollips me1anocera Ashmead.

A?irl.p}'I.W<)li}J8 mewnocera AsHMEAD, Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol XII, 1885, pp

299,303; ibid.,Vol XIV, 1887, p 130; DALLA TORRE, Cat Vol 1893,

p 105; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen Ins Fam 1902, p 67

Male and Female. Head, antennse and thorax black, abdomen reddish

paral-lel lines present, rather a rugose median groove and the grooves

Scutellum rugose, with the fovere at base wrinkled,

radius with a center 4.50 to 5 mm

Gall. (Plate XII, 1-4.) from the bud axilis of water oak(QuerCUII

nigra). Globular or oval, sometimes with a very short at the apex.Greenish brown and green when fresh Coffeebrown and very whenThe outer shell is very and there is a central kernel held insome very thin hair-like filaments When the is very and

Habitat: Florida

are in the United States National Museum and a numher of are in the American Museum of Natural Hi"t", "

cinerea

q cinereaASHMEAD,Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol 1881, p xix

AlI1pJ,ilxlli/18 cinereaASHMEAD, Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol XII, 1885, pp 294,

303; ibid., Vol XIV, 188i, p 294; DALL.\ TORRE, Cat Vol II, 1893, p

58 BuUetin American Museum of Natural n"""",u.

Thorax brown, broad, robust and convex; very rugoso-punctate

sidal grooves almost obsolete Anterior lines and almostl'",n:UJ'''',indicated coarse punctures A transverse furrow the mesothoraxfrom the scutellum A few whitish hairs toward the head, disc free

vein thick and clouded Anal vein brown from the tip of the areolet;

of radial vein subcostal vein becomes brown as it the basal vein

a small at the apex and of a dark crimson, mottled with small spots of a.color The outer shell is rather thick, and when old it is hard andbrittle there is a central larval cell beld in very densebm,,"'U-

spongy filamenta 24to35 mm.; width 20 to 30 mm

Vol V,1889, p 220, 6; Proc Iowa Acad ScL, Vol I, 1890,p 56;

pt.II, 1892, p 110; DALLA TORRE, Cat Vol.II, 1893, p 104

Alltp}IUxllil18cookiDALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen Ins Fam

1902, p 67

FlI'I'IUlk. Head black, face the furrows out likea fanfrom either side of the vertex and sides rugose Anten~ 13-

indis-tinct, and traceable Anterior lines very indistinct Pleurreand aciculated Scutellum rugose, with the fovella

and Abdomen dark reddish brown to almost black, smooth and".uuu:tg,

Gall. (Plate 1-5.) from a bud on the terminal ofred

a small at the apex Green and succulent and with red when fresh,and with the outer shell thick with a central larval cell

in appearance Diameter about 16 to 18 mm

Habitat: Connecticut; New York; New

Iowa

of Amphil'Jolij08 and their Galls. 59

The somewhat resembles that of a but differs

a thicker outer shell and much stouter fibres It is an autumnal

leaves or before them It is a bud while that of A inanw occurs on

sent to me for examination Prof H E Summers of the from Prof C P Gillette are in the American Museum of Natural

tinctorim Ashmead.

DALLATORRE andKIEFFER,Gen IIlll Fam 1902, p 68

Female. Head black rugose Antenllal dark brown Thorax

Scutellum coarsely rugose with the fOVeal and seIlar,ate,d a carina.Pleune rugose, and sometimes withliI.raised area Abdo-men black, dark brown beneath, and of second and segments

cro88-vein angl.ilated and enclosed in a bro"l'r"Il Areolate 4.6

to 5 mm

acumi-nate, at tip, with the sides keeled Green or red when freshand brown when old Rather thick and smooth it is hollow

Habilat. Connecticut; New

Allied to Anvphibol'ips8~ngt)'lca,

distinguiishl~S it from that "'1""'"''''''

bud and the characteristic keel

it at once from all other known

United States National

American Museum of Natural

The

of the

are in the are in the

Therugose The

00 Bulletin American Mmeum of Natural n"""UTrll.

States National Museum.

Florida

are in the

and the cloud at base of radius are disltinc:tly black The areolet is smaller than in

Gall. On leaves of laurel oak Brown, globullar, covered

spongy sul>stlmce, which surrounds the thin central larval cell

1.50 mm

Habita.t:

The

A.uapbJiboJipa glolbultll sp nov.

Fe1I'Il:Ile. Head black and rather rugoso-punctate Thorax black,

distinct from the scutellum to about the thence obliterated Anterior

Scutellum black, more rugose than the thorax,

emiar'~ll.teat the Fovere wrinkled Abdomen dark reddish brown

Gall. (PlateXIV, 3,4,5.) On the of black oak(QuerCUlf

mary-landica) in Globular, thick shelled, with a small at the apex.Filled with a very dense mass of spongy substance Green when fresh,brown when dry Diameter 14to17 mm

Habimt; Lakehurst, New

AIltp11Uxili118 nubii!ipllnnisASHMEAD, Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol XII, 1885, pp

304, ibid.,Vol XIV, 1887,p 128; DALLA TORRE, Cat Vol II, 1893,

p 105; BEUTENMOLLER, Vol XV, 1908, p 10

quercus BASSETT, Proc Ent Soc Phila., Vol II, 1863, p 324;

quercus WAUlH, Proc Ent Soc Phila., Vol II, 1864, p 484.OSTEN SACKEN, Proc Ent Soc Phila., Vol IV, 1865, pp 356.PACKARD, 5thRep.U S Ent Com., 1890, p 114

A'lirtpJlilx1lij1118CUlp'aMAYa, Gen Gallenb 1881,p 27; Trans

Am.Ent Soc., Vol XII,1885,pp 294, 304; ibid.,Vol 1887, p 127; GILLETTE,

nw'riUpen,nis HARRIS, Ins Mass 1841, p 399; Treat

2nd edit., 1852,p 434; Treat Ins 3d edit.,

1862,p 548; ibid.,Flint edit., 1862,p 548; ibid.,1863,p.548; ibid.,1880,p 548;OSTEN SACKEN, Ent Zeit Stettin, 1861, pp.409,412; Proc Ent Soc Vol I

1861, p 63; WAUlH, Proc Ent Soc Phila., Vol II, 1864, p 484

FITCH, 5th Ins N Y 1859 (TraM N Y iUITIC·Ul.

01 A mphvoolijps and their Galls. 61

27th Mich., 1888, p 468; Vol V, 1889, p 184; Proc IowaAcad Sci., Vol I, 1892, p 111; DALLATORRE, Vol II,1893, p 105;COOlt,29th Geol Nat Hist Indiana, (1905), p 825; DALLATORREand KIEFFER, Gen Ins Fam 1902, p 68

or very dark rufous Thorax and irrElgularlyParapsidal grooves continuous, rugose at the collar andCOltlvllrging toward the scutellum where are not Anterior

scutellum to the collar there is a rather broad, rugose median groove Pleune

very about one half of the scutellum, somewhat and

with a brown cloud from the second cross-vein to the

Male. Head thorax and scutellum similar to that of the female black

puncltation exlJeel:iingly minute and not visible without a strong lens

:1, ".without and dark cloud veins very delicate brown

2.50 to 3 mm

Gall. (Plate 8-10.) Attached to the under side of leaves of red oak

(Quercus rubra), and scarlet oak (Quercus ooccinea). Globular or oval andthe color of a green grape sometimes with a tinge of succulent and translucent.In:teI'ltlally there is a cell which can be seen when held up to the sUIlllgnt.Diameter 6 to 18 mm

Habitat: New York; New Connecticut; Massachusetts;

The of this distinct

about the middle of June to

latter month.

The when fresh is almost like a green grape and is sometimes

or It is and soft with a hard central larval celL

sub-stance I have examined Harris' of the and and found them

of A. are in the American IVluseum of Natural and the American En,tornologiical 0u,:n::ty

racemaria

q racemaria AsHMEAD, Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol IX, 1881, p xxvi

62 BuUetin Amer'ican It/useum 0/ Natural LH.~ ,r".

is

294,303; ibid.,Vol XIV, 1887, p 127; DALLA TORRE, Cat Vol II, 1893,

punctate; second segment with a few hairs; ventral sheath very

veins black; radial area rather narrow Areolet present 4to4.25 mm

GaU. (Plate 6, 7.) On the under side of leaf of laurel oak (Quercu.s

Green when fresh, and brown and shriveled when withIi reddishlarval celL Diameter 8to10 mm

HahUat: Florida

are in the United States National Museum and one

in the American Museum of Natural LUI5Lu'ry.

AD:lph:lbollipa pronu

Cynips qu.e7'CU8 jugumsOSTEN SACKEN, aoc Ent Soc Phila., Vol I, 1862, p 255;

men., Vol II, 1893, p 71

ASHMEAD, Trans Am Ent Soc., Vol XII, 1885, p 296

qu.e7'CU8 prunus WALSH, Proc Ent Soc Phila., Vol III, 1864, p 639;

Am.Ent Vol I, 1869, 104, 80

Anlphiboi!ips prunus Gen Gallenb 1881, p 27; AsHMEAD, Trans

Am Ent Soc., Vol XIV, 1887, p 130; Bull 1, Col BioI Assoc., 1890, p 38; NER,4th Ins N Y., 1888, p 24, 18, 19; GILLETTE, Vol V,

Ln.-r-1889, p 184; PACKARD, 5th U S Ent Com., 1890, p 115;

Bull Am.Mus Nat Vol IV, 1892, p 252; Am Mus Journ., Vol IV, 1904,p.98, 18; Ins Galls Vicino N Y., 1904, p 12, 18; DALLA TORRE, Cat

Vol II, 1893, p 105; DALLA TORRE and KIEFFER, Gen Ins Fam

1902, p 67; COOK, Proc Indiana Acad ScL, 1904, p 225; 29th Geol.and Nat Hist Ind., 1904 (1905), p 824, 18; FELT, Ins Affect Park and \Vood.Trees, Vol II, 1906, p 628

Female. Head and thorax

groove present, but not distinct Anterior

Lines near base of

Scutellum rugose, fovelJe at base

Abdomen blackish, suIJop,aque,

from the base of the radial area to the apex about 6 mm

GaU. (Plate XV, Figs 1, 2, 3.) On acorn cups of red oak (QuerCU8 rubra),

Scrub oak(Q·uerCU8 nana), oak(Quercus l'lllutina) and scarlet oak