Wudhu and Gushul and its related matters by Shaykh Fawzan

The Conditions of Ablution There are eight condition, of ablution: I-Being a Mui li m 2- Being men tally sound 3- Having discrlt ion 4- Having the intention of pcronni ng ablut ion Acco

CHAPTER

Ablution

Anah, Exalted be He, says:

"0)"''' who haw Iulieved, when you rise'" {pert".m )

wash your factJ and your jonarnu 10 Ihe dbows and wipe over

)'(IlIr /lead$ and wash , ,UT feM III the ankles H

This states that performing ablution whenever rising to prayer

is obligatory, and tells us which Dcgan should b<' washe<! and those which should wiped during ablution, and spN:ifies what part of the m should he washed or wiped Then, the Prophet (P BUH ), through his sayings (nadir"s)

and has dearly the way ablution is to be performed

Every Muslim should know that ablution has artain conditions, obligatory acts, and practices of the S"mmh to be observed while performing it Both

conditions and obligatory acts must be fulfilled as much as possible in order to

I: PURIFICATION

enSure the validity of ablution As for the acts of the Sunnah related to ablution, they are considered ry that guarantee the of ablution Observing these acts of the SIInna/, during ablution in creasel ones reward, yet abandoning them does not affect the validity of ablution

The Conditions of Ablution

There are eight condition, of ablution:

I-Being a Mui li m

2- Being men tally sound

3- Having discrlt ion

4- Having the intention of pcr(onni ng ablut ion

According to aforementioncd four conditions, ablution is invalid if performed by a di,beli""cT, an a young child who

not diltinguish right ""d wrong), Or one who not have the intention of blutin" (upon performing it), such as Jl"rforming it as

a way of refreshment in a hot weather, or as a means of :leaning on ,

body organs or certain impurities or the

5- Usin g pure water: Water used for performing ablution must hi" pure,

SO impure water is inadequate for performing ablu1ion

6- Using legally-obtained water: If the waler used for ablution i unlawfully acquired, Or taken by ablution will not be valid 7- Being preceded by istinjll' or istijlll<lr(when necessary as previously mentioned)

8- Removing what m ay prevent water from reaching skin of th e ablution organs: That i." the one performing ablution ha, to remove anything covering the organ of ablulion, such as mud, dough, wax, accumulated dirt , thick paint, ete., in ordu to lIow water to reach the skin of the organ without hindrance

The Obligatory Acts of Ablution

There are six obligatory acb, rdated to the organs of ablution:

I -Washing the w hole face: Washing the whole faee involves rinsing the mouth and the nose with water Accordingly, one's ablution is void

if one w.she$ One·, face wit hout rinsing 'both' the mouth and the nose

" with This is because the mouth and tile bclons to the face, and Allah Exalt :! be He say (regarding • • Wa.h

Jam;, • " AI ·Ma'id ah: 6) Thus, Al lah commands washing the face du ri ng ablution '" who.:ver dis regards wa,hing any pan

of the face is considered 10 be disobedi ent to the Command o f Allah

Exalted bc He lhe l'ropht1 (PB UH) used to hismoulh

and nose " ';Ih water " 'hile ablution

2-Washing Ih e forur ms incl uding th e d bows: Allah, Exahed

be He, says • A"d Y<'ur '0 Iht cllo • (Q ur'iln: Al Ml'idah: 6) i, e washing then' including the d bows, a5 the Prophtl (PBUH) used 10 do according 10 alIaditlt narrated in this regard ', 11

-i also Slated in another b.adlrh that the Prophet (PBUH) ", wa,hed his haMds (during "bl", II'M) "",il hr reach rd "pprr arms· ' This indicates that the elbows are inclu dcd when washi ng the arms during ablut ion

3-Wiping o\'cr th e whole head : Wiping owr tl>c head incl udes the

en s for Allah Exalted be He says And wipe owr your /read (Quran: 6) Moreo- ,- the Proph et (PBUH) said " The tan art ''''<lIed <IS par' ,,/rhe (Related by Ibn Mljah , Ad -Diraqul nl and other compil ers of J;imJirh)' Therefore, it is in , orre,t to abandon wiping over the cars, for il is i nsumcient to wi pe ovcr OM part of the head and another during ablut ion

4-Wuhing the (eel induding t he ankles: During ablution the fnt

must be washed includ ing the ankles (or Allah, Exalt ed be He says

• nd IWlSh your /nl'o ,h, nkl · (Qu l n : 6 ) Here the preposition 'to' means 'with' according to the b/ld;"" pointing out how ablution is performed, and through whi.:h it is Slated that the whole feet must I>e washed 'including' the ankles

S-Sequence: Th e decrCi:d sequence has to be observed while pt'rforming ablution To d ari fy onc with washing the face followed by th e hands then wipes over the head and fina lly washes Ihe (n l as dearly shown in the verse; Allah Euhed be He says:

"0 you who h""", bdlewd, /re n}'Ou riH f" {perform/ • sh your f us Md rour forearms fo fhe elbo,., nd wipe o,'er

your 1,£lUis and ", ,h you r fuf 10 fh t "nklts

t I'Ul(lflCAnON

The Prophet (PBUH) used to follow Ihat order while performing ablution, saying:

"This is an ablution without which Allah does not accept any pmyrr··

This is as rdated by AM! Dow(ld and other compilers of Jjadith

6-Successio n: This means to wash the organs successively without any interval between washing Iwo organs the organs must be washed successively wilhout pau,e as much as possible

Theseare the obligatory acts of ablulion that must fulfilled a,commanded

by Allah in His Ever-Glorious Rook, the Qur'an

Scholars di"'gree concerning the ruling on lasmirah' upon starting ablution; they differ whether it is an act of the Sunnah or an obligatory practice

of blution At any rate, according to a!! Muslim scholars, it is permissibl e to

start ablution with lasmiyah and it should not abandoned

The reason - Allah knows best - behind specifying those four organs for ablution (i.e the face hands, head, and the feet) may they are the commonest bodily parts related to sins, ro their physical purification may be

an indication of spiritual purification (from the sin committed by them) The Prophet (PRUH) has stated that whenever a Muslim wash -s one of these organs (during ablution), the committed through it are remitted, and that such fall and vanish with the now of the water used for washing th.t organ, until the last drop of it In addition, the Prophet (PBUH) enjoined "'ring the Two Testifications of Faith following washing these organs (i.e following ablution) as a sign of combining both physical and spiritual purity The physical purity is achieved through washing those organs in the way preS\:rit>ed i;.y Allah in His Ever·Glorious Book, the As for the spiritual purity, it is achieved by the Two Testifications of Faith that purify one from polytheism and disbetief

In the last pan of the aforesaid verse related to ablution Allah Exalted be

He, says:

" Allah don not intend 10 mau difficulty f" r you, I t He

intmdJ to purify you and romp/de Hisfavor upon y"" that you

Thu, gentle reader, every Muslim has to know that Allah has dec ,ed ablution in ordu to purify them from sins, and 10 com plete His favor upon

o,'pt<r 6: Ablmion

them Likewise, if you con template the opening of the Same verse, «0 you who

haYe belie ved • " you will find that it is a generous, gentle call through which

Allah, Glorified be He, addresses those who have faith, as they are the ones who will listen 10, obey, ab ide byand benefit from what Allah says and enjoins_ That was hy the Prophet (PBUH) said:

"No On" /reeps being in" s/ate of except ti,e believer

Whatever acts done in add ition to the above· mentioned obligatory acts of ablution an deemed desirable; he who observes them will be reward ed and there will be no blame upon him who refrains from observing them Hence, s<:holars call such acts as the acts of the S"",,,rlah to be observed during ablution,

or the desirabk practices of ablution

Those acts are.s follows:

1- Using siwdk (tooth·stick) durin g ablution: The virtues and the way of using siwJk have been previously clarified In particular, siwdk

is to be used while rinsing the mouth with water during ab lution,

in order 10 ensure the cleanness of the mouth and to be ready for worshipping Allah reciting His Ever·Glorious Book Qur'an and invoking Him, Almighty and Ever·Majestic be He

2· Startin g ablution with washing the hands three times, before

washing the face, as enjoined in various lJadiths This is also because the hands are the meanS Ihrough which One dips out water and washes the other organs, so washing the hands is regarded as insurance and a prerequisite for the purity of all t he other parts of ablution

3- Start ing with rinsin g the mouth a nd the n ose before washing the face as stated in various /:1adiths Wh en one 1.\ not in a state

of fasting, one should rinse them inside and out (making wat er spr ead all through the mout h , and sniffing water when rinsing the nose)

4- Inserting one's wet fingers into on e's (thick) beard ensuring that water reaches all its parts, and washing one's fingers and well, especially between them

S· Starting with the right organs before the left (as in washing the hands and the feet)

I, PURIFICATION

6- Washin g the fact , hands and feel up to th ree times Instead of once Thus we h ave tackled the conditions, the obligatory acts, an d the acts of the Sunnnh to be observed d uring a blut ion $0, you, gentle read er, should learn thom and keop observing them whenever you perform ablution to ensure the legal ptrfectio n a nd va lidity of your ablutio n as well as the ",ware! for it

We ask Allah to gran t us all more beneficial knowledge and gu ide uS to the righ teous deeds

Ad-4 H,Ad-4; MIoj.ah (Ad-419) [1/250j Abii Y ' Lt (5598) and Ad Dloraqulnl (257) 11/831

5 r",mi)'<lh; S.ying "Bj'mm,u," (i • In Ih N.m< of Allah)

6 Ah"",d (22429) 15/355J and Ibn Ml jah (278) [1/t781

CHAPTER

Way of Performing Ablution

Since you are now acquainted with the conditions, the obligatory acts, and the acts of the S"",11l1r 10 be observro during ablution then you ;rn,

aWflrt of the way ablution is performed which is an application of

the loovc-menl ioned ruli ngs PUI differently, the perfect way of performing

of which arc derived from th e texts of Sharl'oh (Islamic Law)

So, every Muslim has to spare no effort in observing them once he kn ew

them, Allah willing

The Way of Performing Ablution

1·lntention, To intend perfonning ablution for tne aets of wt:>!'Ship for

which ablution is such as prayer and the like

l -Tasmiyah: To uy "8i$mill<lh" (Le In the Name of All;lh)

3-To wash th e hand th r« timet

I, PURIFICATION

4-To rinse the mouth three times and th en to rinse the nose three times (by sniffing water and then blowing it out using the left hand) 5-To wash the face three times, from the upper part of the forehead (the beginning of the normal hairline) to the lower parts of the jaws lengthwise, and from one ear to the other widthwise (without washing the ears, as they are treated as part of the head, not the face, as previously mentioned) The beard as well, must be washed; ifthe hair

of the beard is not thick, one has to wash it internally and externally But if it is thick it has to be washed from the outside, and it is desirable

to insert We-! fingers washing it internally, as mentioned above

6-Towash th e hands up totheelbows three times; each band isto be washed from the parts of the fingers and nails to the beginning

of the upper arm Moreover one has to remon whatever sticks to the hands or the fingernails (such as dough, mud or thick paint) before washing them, so as to allow water to reach such parts

7-To wipe over the whol e head only once, including the ears, with wet hands (provid ed the water used for wiping over them is fresh one, unlike that remaining from waihing hands) The proper way of wiping over the head is to be by putting one's wet hands on the upper part of the forehead and let them pass backwards till they reach ones nape, then , ,turn them forwards to the starting point After that, one is to iniert ones two wet forefingers in the holes of th e ea whil e wiping over their outer parts with one·s two thumbs

8-To wash the feet three times including the ankles As for one whose hand or foot is amputated such one is to wash what i.left of the arm or the feet To clarify, if the arm i, amputated from the joint of the elbow, one is to wash the front part uflhe upper arm , and if the foot is amputated from ankles, one i, to wash the tip of th e (amputated) leg: Allah , Exalted be He,

"So feo.r Allo.h as much 0 Jlou o.re o.hl<' ••

(Qur'an; At-TaghAbun; 16) Similarly, the Proph et (PB UH) ,aid:

"If I command you 10 do something thm do (of) it as much as you ca"."'

Accordingly, if a per,on wa,hes what i, left of an amputated limb it will be sufficient as onc tbus does what one can

Ch.pter 7: w'Y of P" rform ing Ablu,;oll

9- After finishing performing ablution, in with the above stated form, one may raise one', sight towards the heaven and invoke Allah with some of the invocations of the Prophet (PIlUH) in this regard, such as saying:

"/ tesrify that rilere is no deiry bur AloIIC, with no partner, alld

I testify Mub.ammad is Hi$ &rvanl and His Messenger 0

among those who purify themselves:'

Or Saying:

"Exalted are You, 0 "If praise !J., to YOlj IINtify rhallhert is nO

deiry but You I ask You for forgivelless alld turn to You in repelltallce:'

reason behind mentioning dhikr ' and invocation following

ablution is to rombine both physical and spiritual purity for ablut ion

is a means of physical purity whereas dl,ikrand invocatinn (implying monotheism and are signs of spiritual purity In this way, one becomes in the most perfect state of purity (co mbining both physical and spiritu.l purity), and becomes pure enough to be

admitted to stand before Allah (in praye r), imploring Him humbly and submissively

By the <ly, it is all right to dry ones organs with a towel or the like after ablution

Every Muslim ha.! to know that abl ution should be performed p erfectly, ensuring t hat water reaches all parts of the organ' washed during "blution, without negligence To illustrate, when the Prophet (PRUH) saw" man who had left a spot on his foot, as small a.! a fingernail, unwashed (after ablution),

he (PBUH) said to him "Go back and pe:rfonH Morrover, some

of the Pmphefs Companions reported that whell the Prophet (PBUH) a man offer;ng prayer while there was on the back of his foot a small part equal

to the spac of a dirham (an Arab coin) which was not washed, i.e water did not reach it, he (PRUH) commanded him to both ablution and prayer ' In addition the Prophet (PRU H ) said:

· Woe to tile h.e/5 (if 1I0t ",aliled during nblrJtion) from rhe Fire! ·r

This is because one might be so reltIC!ant concerning washing them that one washe, them carelessly and water can hardly reach one·s ankles during ablution and SOme spots remain un <lshed which cames them to be tortu red

in the Hellfire Furthermore in the badilh related by AbO DlW{)d and other compil ers of Hndith, the Prophet (PR UH) said:

1: PURIFICATION

"The prayerofanyof you is nOI camplele u"til he performs ablution perfectly, as AI/ah, E;o:alted be He, has ordered him, He should wash J.i$faCt and hands up to the dlm",s, wipe over his head and (wash) hisfeel up 10 lire aIrkles : '

However, Muslims should know that the perfection of ablution is nO! to

a lot of but it means to let water reach all parts of organ b"ing washed In foct, mere over-use of watu is regarded as prohibitw wastefulness

of water Also, one may pour water wastefully during ablution without performing it perfectly; the perfection of ablution with little water is exactly what is legally enjoined 11 is stated in the Two that the Prophet (PBUH) used to perform ablution wilh one "'udd' and 10 tnke a bath with one 1<1 up

1nisb.adill! was relatw by Ahmad nd lbn MAjah, and supported by other narrations" The Prophet (PBUH) also slated that there would b" ome people

of the Muslim nation who would the limi lS in purification, i e who

would purify them.dve exc"Ssiveiy, wastefully ond having unsubstantiated doubt ".He (PBUH) also said:

"There is I! demon of IIblution mlled AI· Wa/Mn, so be on your gUllrd ag!!i",! insinuation i" "blution:"

Excessiveness in pouring water, which is considered wastefulness, leads to other illegal, detestabl e consequence" such as:

Incomplete purifi cati on: One may depend On using water in abundance during ablution and so does not mah sure that water reacbes all parts

of the organs Consequently some spots may remain unwash ed whil one is unawue Hence, one's ablution b,,:come incomplete and thus one perform' prayer without purification

Excessiveness in wo rsbip: Ablution is an act of wOrllhip and if any act

of wOrllhip is excessively performed, it become void

] , W.y of Performing Ablmion

In sinuation in purification: One may get insinuation and b<: doubtful

purification to excessiveness in using water

perfonning ablution

In fact, the best way to the foresaid is to follow in the Prophet footstep and abide by hi SUMMah, for the most evil of (religious) matters are those newly innovated May Allah guide us all to thO! which He likes and to what pleases Him

To sum up, you have, genlle reader 10 b<: keen to ensure that your ablution and all the other "cts of worship are legally and perfectly observed, with neither nOr negligence for both extremes are dispraised, and is the best of all matters Negligence in of wor,hip makes them imperfect, and excessiveness makes them subject to religious innovations; following the example of the Prophet (PBUH) and abiding by his Sunnah is the optimum way to perform acts of worship with due perfection 0 Allah, make

uS know what is right and guide uS to fo!low it, make uS know what is wrong and guide us to avoid it, and do not make th ings obscu re for us, lest we may

go astray,

Endnotes

1 AI· BLlkhirl (7288) 11313081 and Mu.>Jim (6066) 18Ij()8)

2 At· Tirmidhl (55) I t 1771 M u,;im (552) 1211121 Aoo Dliwild (t 69) ! 1I89j, An_Na,I.'1 (J48) IJllOOjood Ibn Mlj.h (470) 1(1273)

3 Set Ibnu · Suno\", '/trnal AI· rn "",'·IAy/oh, p.ll

4 Dhi'r Invocations irnplyin!\ ",rn<rnbr,m« of.oo rntntioning Albh

S Mu,lim (575) 12/1261·

6 Abii D1"i1d (175) ! 1/921

7 AI · BukMrl (165) {113>Oj, (60) .nd Mu, lim (572) 1211 25 1 (>69) 1211231

8 AbLi D;\wild (85-8) I 1/3761 ( 11 JS) III S741 Ibn Ml jah (460) r 1/268 1: 1", At·Tim, idhl (302) {2/l0l]

9 Mudd: A standard m" • • ur< , h.t quals 543 gram

10 Sol', A ".ndard m" 'ur< th.t <qu.t, 2 t 72 gram •

11 (201)) tlJ98j.nJ Mu,;im (735) 1212331

12 Ahm d (7062) )21291] and Ihn Mlj h (425) )112 54)

13 Abmad (16778) 14/123 1 aod Aba (96) 111591

14 At· Tirmidhl (57) 11184) and Ibn Mljah (421) r 112521

,

H

CHAPTER

Islam is a religion of easiness and simplicity, not difficulty and strictness;

it decrees suitable rulings for each case, which ensure fulfilling legal purposes and duties with no difficulty

This aFplies to the rulings on abll.ltion decreed by Allah To illustrate, somrlimes there is something covering the organs washed during ablution which is hard 10 remove and maybe needed as a means of protectiOll, either

for th e feet (such as khufft and the like) , or for the head (such as turbans and

the liko) or for protecting wounds o r the lih (such as splints, bandages, etc It

is permissible for the one performing ablution to just wipe over such covorings instead of removing them and washing what is underneath This

is the easiness made by Allah , Glorified and Exalted He, for His

rdkving them from difficulty and strictness,

As for the perm issibility of wiping over the khufft (and their likes such as

socks) during ablution, instead of removing them and wa.\hing underneath, it

I, PURIFICATION

is mutawJtir,' ,ahih' badith Ihat Ihe Prophet (PBUH) used 10

wipt: over them whether al home Or on a journey; he (PBUH) enjoined doing the same,

A, regards the legal proofs of the pennissibility of wip ing over the khliffi;,

AI-Hasan said, "/ was told by sevenly of Ihe o,mpanions of AI/ahs Messe'lger (PBUH) that he "sed /0 over his kllUffs (with his wel Ilonds during ablution)." '

Moreover, An-Nawilwl said, "J1,e pcrmis.<ibility of wiping over the khufft was

reporled by innumerable Companions." lmam Ahmad also said, "There is not

a shadow of doubt in my mind concern ing 1110 legality of wiping over Ihe khuffs,

as there are forty harlil/'S of 1/, Prophet (PBUH) i"dicaring its permis.<ibiJity." '

In addition, Ibnul -Mubarak and others slated that there WaS

among the Companions concerning the permissibility of wiping ov the

khuffs during ablution', Likewise, Ihnul-Mundhir and others reported the scholars' COnSensus on the pt:rmis.<ibility of such an act during ablution ' , In addition, the Adherents of the Sunnah and Muslim Community unanimously agree on its permissibility, unlike those innovators in religion who do not deem it pt:nnissibk

Wiping over the Khuffs during Ablution

This act is permitted and observing it is beller than taking offthe khuffs and washing the feet, as the former is a sign of making use of the legal permission made by Allah, Almighly Ever·Majestic be He, following th e example

of the Prophet (PBUH), and contradicting the religious innovators Wiping over the khuffs is a spiritual removal of the impurities undnneath, Also, the Prophet (PBUH) never changed the condition of his feet to pt:rform ablution; ifhe (PBUH) was wearing two klouffs, he used to wipe over them, and if not, he used to wash his feet Therefore, it is impermissible to put on klwffs just before ablution in order to wipe over them while performing ablution

The Duration of the Validity of Wiping over

the Khuffs without Taking Them off

It is permissible for a resident (i • not a trawler) 10 keep weari ng khuffs

and wipe OVeT th em during ablution for a period of one day and night As for a tTav.ler whose journey legally allow, shorTening prayer (i,e when the destination is far enough), Ihe period of permissibi lity is three days and night" according to the bad/th related by lmlm Muslim, whkh states that the Prophet (PBUH) specified three days (during which one can wipe over his khuffs) for

a tnlvdtr and one day and night fo.- a resident' For both (the resident and the tn"eler), th e period of permis,sibility (of wiping OVeT the khlllfs) starts from the time of being in a state of ritual impurity (causcd by pas,sing urine, stool or wind) after wearing the /chuffs, as ritual impu rity necessitates ablution (for pn)'ef) Still, some scholars that Ihe du n 1ion begins from tne first ablution afur be ing in a state of ritual iml'tlrity

I· To in I of ritual purity (i e a state of ablution) upon wearing them , for it is Slated in th e Two Sall/hs' and other books of Jiadilh tha t the Prophet (PRUH) said to the o nc who ""'nted to help him (ie the Prop""t) in taking his khuffs off to perform ablution:

"Ledw Ihem liS I hUll pl4llhem after for/arming ablulio"

It is also narntrd that ,safw;!.n lbn As.s;\1 said:

"We arr cOlH mandM (by Ihe Prophet) to wipt over Ihe k/uifft if put them on while being in a Slale of ritlla/ purity (j.e after

abllltion).""

Thus, it is quite obvioo$ that the rulin g is depe ndent On being in a

state of ritual purity when putting th e khuffs on, so if one is in a state

of rilual impurity when putting them on, it is in' perm i.ssible for onc

10 wipe over them

2· The khuffs must be lawfully acquirrd, gottcn, and made To clarify, if they arr taun by f01"(( or made of silk (for men), it is imIXrm issible

to wipe OYff them du ring ablution In a word,a legal is not

to what is illegal

3· The khuffi and their mwt completely cO\'er the feet up to the ankles One cannot wipe over unlfSS they are thick enoogh and coveri ng the pamofthe fut which a", to be wuhed Thus are too short to cover th e fett up to th e ankles or arr not thick enough to conceal underneath, it is imperm issible to wipe O'o·e, them

Since it is permissible 10 wipe oVff lhe khufJi it is IXrmissible 10 wipe over any fOOl covering.! such as socks made of wool or s\"hlike mat eri.l whi ch a", thick enough to cover underneath Th nt '" due to the fact thal th e Prophet (PBUH ) wiped IUs ro.:ks and hi shoes while performing ablution, as

I: PU RI FICATION

lute<! in the badHh by Ahmad and other complleu of Hlldllh and

i/lh.ib (autMnt k) by At·Tirm ldhl" Wiping 0Vff such things during ablution is valid uMil the legal period of pnmission ends rq;ardJcss of the frequency oftaking tMm off and puUi ng them on

As regards the it is p"rmissibl e to wip" over it on two conditions The first is that the turban must be covering the area of the head which is traditionally sec:ond condition is that the turban must be wnpped round the jaw up to the head onc or mo", than onc turn, (If 10 be with

that t he Prophet (PBUH) wiped over his turban during ablutio n To ill ustrate

·Urn a Ibnul· Khanlb (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

"Ht who is no/ pur/jird by wiping om- IM lurb/ln (i.e does nOI

dum il sufficient for wiping uvrr Ihe helld) lhtn may Allah nOI

It Is worth mentioning th at it is permissible to wipe on r the khujJs and

turbans only in caKofpurification from the 51ateo( minor ritual impurity but not major ritual impurity (e.g.j<fndbah); onc has to take off 00<"5 khuffi and

turban and wash undcmeath in the laller case

A s fo r splints bandages and the like, il is p"rmi ssible 10 wipe over them during ablution (without ",mov ing them) Moreover.one is perm itt ed 10 wipe

plut(f$ that rovtr WOl,Lnds; all such coverings are permillcO to be wiped

provided they cover only the injured area or the necCSSMy p;arts which nuclto be covered for tre.tmen! However if the splint, the bandage, or the like, COVtrll than the inju red ru the unneccs 'Y pariS must be removed In addition it is p('rmis$ ib!e to wip(' over splints in both Mala of ritual impurity (minor and major ritual impl,Lrity), an d Ihere is no

fiIrd period for tn of wiping over them, In other words il is permlulbleto wifN' ovcrt he Spli nt until it is removed or tM broken !imbllcals

In a nutshell, the permi ssibilily of wiping o,'er the splint dl,Lring pl,Lrificalion is

drpe ndtnt on the necessity of the

The proof of the perm issibility of wiping over the splint is the followi ng

h.adfth nar"lIed by Jibir (may Allah M pleased with him); he "'J'Orted:

"OIlel , we WtTe on a jo urney and one of UJ was /njurr:d in hi:!

htlld by a stont Then man had <l wet dream, so he asked hil

companion:! saying '1:1 it permiuiblt/or me to {!tT/arm layammutI!

Oupl<f 8: Wiplng KJn.jfo

(dry abltj/io" Willl dea " earth)?' ntty amwtred him sayi"g 'We d() nol 1« any Irgtll pumis$i()n for )'I'U <IS )'I'U a"., able /0 omleT:

So the man had a ritual bolh ilfltT which he died , When we came

10 AI/aM (PH UHJ, 11" l<JId Il im aooul Ihis He (PBUH)

said, 'n/ey killed him; may Allah kill/hem! Why did Illly m./ ask htn bling ignurant,f()r inquiry is Ihe tu".,for igrummcr? It omuld

havt bun sufficient fo r /,im to per/onn tay<lmmum (im lnul of ablution) and 10 his wound ilh a piea of clolh owr IInd

thn 10 ,we it (tile piece of cloth).'·

(Related by Abtl DAwo.d and lbn Mlja h, and laiJliJ (a uth tic) by lbnus-Sakan)"

en-The Areas to Be Wiped over

"

Wiping is to be appli :! to the upper part of th e kl,ujft or the socks As for the turban, most of it should be wiped over, tSp« ially its folds Hown'er, the

$plint has 10 be wholly over

Wiping over the khu/Js (dur ing ablution ) Is to be by passing one's we, fingers

from one's toes towards on e's leg The right fOOl is to be wiped over with Ih right hand, and via Also one loould open OIleS fingers du ring wiping

and soould nOl uptat wiping May Allah gu ide us all to

righlrous

Endnotes

I /Or.ujfs; Loath tods o.-.h., or thtidik

! Mura"'<ll;r « ""lln uOOloly _" rrom) ha.!i/h i, • hmi/I/' by a 1 t'g<" 0(

n.,.,.,ton wh "8re<:"'011 t upoo telling lie I, In.:onuh ble (lh i <on (\i ,lon mu" "" m<1 in I"" d>O.in from I"" btginn ing 10 tl'" 00><1)

3 S<>hih {o"I""nl;,;) /lDdilh i •• /J<I,lirh "'''''''' <Nln of I nsmiss;oo ha b«n I nsmin«l

by lruly pious penon • no b«n !mown for the; upright""" lII<I aactit k, .uch .Il->dilh is f from and bI.mltll

4 Se Ibnul·/>funJhl,' • .-1./·,1_1 11/430 -Illl yIa· r MI.I" A"IY)"h 1111621 • rH!

A/· I"IJ", &!""""'id Uno.!"r 11/6151

S Stt .-I./-nl'" lIr!o"'<lm • U",d.:Il .-I./ • -I /!k.!m 11/61 SI

6 S« AI·A""", 1114).1)_

I, PURIFlCA:n O N

7 1bid

8 M ,.,Jim (6J7) [21 1671

9 1he Two :;.,bih" Two Au'hentx: IlouU <>f Al·lll1kh l rl nd Mudim

10 AI·Buf.h.lrl (2()6) i1141}4] nd Mur.lim (630) 1111

I1 Ab.maJ (l1lO1!) [4/HO]

n Ahmad (18167) I4/.WlJ Ab<! I)lwild (1,9) IIIAS], At· Tirmidhl (9\1) 1111 67] a nd loo Mijah (5)9) (1 /)4 1 J

Il AbQ DMId (l16)1 11I711; also AbO'! w :.d (ID) Illm) onc! [bot MJph (S7l) [W11 J

CHAPTER

Things Nullifying Ablution

that you ha"" become 1"10"' aware ofhow ablution is what

;15 conditions are, and what its obligatory practices and acts nfthe Su"nah :oK,

you n.ud now 10 know what causes ablut ion to be null ified In this way,)"Ou will avoid performing an act of worship (such as pr.!)'ffJ while your ablution

is null, and so will be tht3C1 ofwor5hip performed in that stale Every Muslim should know that are things that nullify ablution and that it becomes

completely null if any of them is done; in this case, one has to re-perform ablution to do any act of worship n«e itating ablution

TM thIngs nullifyinll ablution tany of whi.:h makes it invalid) are cerlain malte" idmt ified by the lawgi""r' to be affecting Ihe validity or ablutio n The Things Nullifying Ablution are of Two Types

1-Dirert nulliliers: They are the mallers that cause th e nullification of ablut ion direclly such as urine stool, 3nd whatever comes OUI of Ih e anus Ihe sexual orpn,