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ARCHITECTURE

CHAPTER I GENERAL INTRODUCTION 12

I.1 BUILDING LOCATION 12

I.2 INVESTMENT NECESSARY 12

I.3 SCALE AND GENERAL FEATURES 13

CHAPTER II ARCHITECTURE SOLUTION 14

II.1 DESIGN OF MASTER PLAN 14

II.2 DESIGN OF FACADE 21

II.3 DECORATED MATERIAL SOLUTION 25

CHAPTER III TECHNICAL AND INFASTRUCTURE SOLUTION 26

III.1 LIGHTING SYSTEM 26

III.2 VENTILATION SYSTEM 26

III.3 POWER SYSTEM 26

III.4 WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM 26

III.4.1 Water supply 26

III.4.2 Drainage 26

III.5 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 26

III.5.1 Warning system 26

III.5.2 Fire fight solution 27

III.5.3 Fire resistance 27

III.6 WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM 29

STRUCTURE CHAPTER I STRUCTURAL SOLUTION 31

I.1 SUPERSTRUCTURE SOLUTION 31

I.1.1 Basic structural system 31

I.1.2 Combination structural system 33

I.2 MATERIAL SOLUTION FOR SUPERSTRUCTURE 33

I.3 BEARING COMPONENTS SOLUTIONS 34

I.3.1 Horizontal load bearing component 34

I.3.2 Bearing vertical loading 35

I.4 FOUNDATION 39

I.5 CONCLUSION 40

CHAPTER II STRUCTURAL LAYOUT AND PRE-DETERMINE THE DIMENSONS OF ELEMENTS 41

II.1 MATERIAL 41

II.1.1 Material for column and beam 41

II.1.2 Concrete material 41

II.2 LOAD 41

II.2.1 Loading component: 41

II.2.2 Horizontal loading 45

II.3 PRELIMINARILY CHOOSE DIMESION OF ELEMENTS 56

II.3.1 Structural layout plan 56

II.3.2 Dimension of slab 59

II.3.3 Preliminarily choose dimesion of column (safety factor following TCVN 2773 : 1995) 61

II.3.4 Preliminarily choose dimesion of beam (safety factor following TCVN 2773:1995) 75

CHAPTER III INTERNAL FORCES DETERMINATION AND COMBINATION 108

III.1 INTERNAL FORCES DETERMINATION 108

III.1.1 Calculating diagram 108

III.1.2 Load 108

III.1.3 Determine internal forces 109

III.1.4 Internal force combination 109

III.2 INTERNAL FORCE COMBINATION OF FRAME 4 109

CHAPTER IV DESIGN COLUMN & BEAM ELEMENTS OF FRAME 4 135

IV.1 COLUMN DESIGN 135

IV.1.1 Theory 135

IV.1.2 Design column C8, axis A, basement 2 135

IV.1.3 Design column C4 axis B basement 2 139

IV.1.4 Design column C8, axis A, the first story 142

IV.1.5 Design column C4, axis B, the first story 146

IV.1.6 Design column C17, axis D, the first story 149

IV.1.7 Design column C8, axis A, the third story 153

IV.1.8 Design column C8, axis B, the third story 156

IV.1.9 Design column C17, axis D, the third story 160

IV.1.10 Design column C8, axis A, the 11th story 163

IV.1.11 Design column C4, axis B, the 11th story 167

IV.1.12 Design column C17, axis D, the 11th story 170

IV.2 BEAM DESIGN 174

IV.2.1 Introduction 174

IV.2.2 Material 174

IV.2.3 Design beam B6-300x200x16x14 (B47 – basement) 176

IV.2.4 Design beam B7-400x200x16x14 (B30 – basement) 180

IV.2.5 Design beam B4-300x200x16x14 (B18 – basement) 184

IV.2.6 Design beam B6-300x200x16x14 (B47 – story 1) 188

IV.2.7 Design beam B7-400x200x16x14 (B30 – story 1) 192

IV.2.8 Design beam B4-300x200x16x14 (B18 – story 1) 196

CHAPTER V: COMPOSITE SLAB DESIGN 201

V.1 INTRODUCTION 201

V.1.1 Functions of steel decking 201

V.1.2 Connection between the deck and the concrete 201

V.1.3 Dimension and material of composite slab 201

V.2 CALCULATING THE DECKING AT THE CONSTRUCTION STAGET 203

V.2.1 Determine load applied on steel sheet 204

V.2.2 Calculating internal forces 205

V.2.3 Inertial moment of section 207

V.2.4 Calculating effective area at the serviceability limit state 208

V.2.5 Checking efficient of embossment 209

V.2.6 Calculating effective section, geometric characteristic, check for serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state 211

V.2.7 Checking deflection 216

V.2.8 Calculating bearing capacity at the support 216

V.2.9 Calculating shear bearing capacity 217

V.2.10 Checking bearing capacity 218

V.3 CALCULATING COMPOSITE SLAB IN SERVICEABILITY 219

V.3.1 Determining load applied on composite slab 219

V.3.2 Internal forces 220

V.3.3 Checking moment bearing capacity of composite slab, failure type I 221

V.3.4 Checking connection between steel sheet and concrete, failure type II 222

V.3.5 Checking shear bearing capacity of slab, failure type III 223

V.3.6 Checking crack 225

CHAPTER VI BASE PLATE DESIGN 227

VI.1 INTRODUCTION 227

VI.2 COLUMN BASE DESIGN 227

VI.2.1 Column C1 227

VI.2.2 Column C2 235

CHAPTER VII CONNECTION DESIGN 244

VII.1 INTRODUCTION 244

VII.1.1 Columns- main beam connection, main beam – secondary beam connection design.244 VII.1.2 Column connection 244

VII.1.3 Fillet welds design 244

VII.1.4 Bolt design 245

VII.2 CONNECTION BETWEEN COLUMN SEGMENTS 245

VII.2.1 Connection design between column C1 segments (unchanged section) 245

VII.2.2 Connection between column C1 segment (changed section) 247

VII.3 COLUMN – BEAM CONNECTION (FRAME 4) 249

VII.3.1 Connection between column C1-600x600x25x20 and beam D7-400x200x16x14 249

VII.3.2 Connection between column C1-600x600x25x20 and beam B6-300x200x16x14 253

CHAPTER VIII FOUNDATION DESIGN 259

VIII.1 CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PROJECT 259

VIII.2 ANALYZING GEOLOGICAL FEATURES 259

VIII.2.1 Strata 259

VIII.2.2 Geological information 259

VIII.2.3 Hydrologic geology 261

VII.2.4 Analyzing geology 261

VIII.3 SELECTING FOUNDATION SOLUTION 264

VIII.3.1 FOUDATION SOLUTIONS 264

VIII.3.2 Selecting foundation solution 265

VII.3.3 Material 265

VIII.4 BORED PILE DESIGN 265

VIII.4.2 Premilinary dimension selection 265

VIII.4.3 Determine bearing capacity of bored pile 266

VIII.4.4 Determine load at the column base 268

VIII.5 FOUNDATION DESIGN FOR AXIS A COLUMN 268

VIII.5.1 Pile and pile cap 268

VIII.5.2 Choose the height of pile cap Hđ and the depth of foundation base Hm 268

VIII.5.3 Load applied on piles 269

VIII.5.4 Check conditions of pile cap 271

VIII.5.5 Checking overall condition 274

VIII.6 FOUNDATION DESIGN FOR AXIS D COLUMN 276

VIII.6.1 Pile and pile cap 276

VIII.6.2 Choose the height of pile cap Hđ and the depth of foundation base Hm 276

VIII.6.3 Load applied on piles 277

VIII.6.4 Check conditions of pile cap 278

VIII.6.5 Checking overall condition 280

CONSTRUCTION CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION METHOD 284

I.1 PROJECT INFOMATION 284

I.1.1 Location 284

I.1.2 Building structure 284

I.2 UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION METHOD 285

II.2.1 Excavation method 285

II.2.2 Foundation construction method 286

CHAPTER II BORED PILE CONSTRUCTION 287

II.1 BORED PILE PARAMETERS 287

II.2 BORED PILE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE 287

II.2.1 Pile boring 287

II.2.2 Reinforcement Cage Lowering 288

II.2.3 Flushing 289

II.2.4 Pile Concreting 289

II.3 CALCULATION OF CONSTRUCTION PARAMETERS 290

II.3.1 Excavating soil volume 290

II.3.2 Bentonite volume 290

II.3.3 Concrete volume 290

II.3.4 Construction machine 290

II.3.5 Construction time 297

II.3.6 Machine movement 298

II.3.7 Man power 298

CHAPTER III SHEET PILE CONSTRUCTION 300

III.1 CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION 300

III.2 CALCULATION OF LARSSEN SHEET PILE 300

III.2.1 Geotechnical data 300

III.2.2 Larssen sheet pile calculation 301

III.2.3 Sheet pile quantity 307

III.3 LARSSEN SHEET PILE CONSTRUCTION METHOD 308

III.3.1 Preparation work 308

III.3.2 Installation procedure 308

III.4 MACHINE FOR SHEET PILE CONSTRUCTION 308

III.4.1 Sheet pile pressing machine 308

III.4.2 Crane 310

III.5 ANCHORING SYSTEM 313

III.5.1 Volume of work 313

III.5.3 Installation 314

CHAPTER IV EXCAVATION WORK 315

IV.1 CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION 315

IV.1.1 Excavation method 315

IV.1.2 Excavation volume 315

IV.2 MACHINE FOR EXCAVATION WORK 315

IV.2.1 Excavator 315

IV.2.2 Dump truck 317

IV.3 EXCAVATION ORGANIZATION 318

CHAPTER V PILE CAP, TIE BEAM AND BASEMENT FLOOR CONSTRUCTION 321

V.1 BORED PILE CUTTING 321

V.2 LEAN CONCRETE 321

V.2.1 Lean concrete volume for pile caps 321

V.2.2 Lean concrete volume for tie beams 322

V.2.3 Lean concrete volume for 2nd basement slab 322

V.3 FOUNDATION FORMWORK 324

V.3.1 Pile cap formwork 324

V.3.2 Tie beam formwork 329

V.3.3 Formwork for slab 331

V.3.4 Formwork area 331

V.4 CONCRETE WORK 333

V.4.1 Concrete volume 333

V.4.2 Machines for concrete work 334

V.4.3 Partitions for concrete work 337

V.5 REINFORCEMENT WORK 338

V.5.1 Reinforcement volume 338

V.5.2 Tower crane 339

CHAPTER VI BASEMENTS CONSTRUCTION 341

VI.1 SHEAR CORE AND RETAINING WALL CONSTRUCTION 341

VI.1.1 Shear core and retaining wall formwork 341

VI.1.2 Concrete volume, reinforcement mass and formwork area of basements 349

VI.2 COLUMN AND BEAM CONSTRUCTION 350

VI.2.1 Structural plan of basement 350

VI.2.2 Column and beam data of basements 350

VI.2.3 Hanging equipment selection 351

VI.2.4 Productivity of tower crane 354

VI.2.5 Erection methods 356

VI.3 CONSTRUCTION OF BASEMENT SLAB 357

VI.3.1 Formwork design 357

VI.3.2 Quantity construction 361

VI.3.3 Construction method 361

CHAPTER VII CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE 364

VII.1 OVERVIEW 364

VII.2 PROCEDURE FOR SETTING UP A SCHEDULE 364

VII.3 QUANTIFICATION WORK 365

CHAPTER VIII SITE LOGISTICS 369

VIII.1 OVERVIEW 369

VIII.2 MATERIAL STORAGE 369

VIII.3 TEMPORARY FACILITIES 370

VIII.3.1 Man power 370

VIII.3.2 Temporary facilities area 371

VIII.3.3 Water supply 371

VIII.3.4 Power supply 373

PART I

ARCHITECTURE

(10%)

CHAPTER I GENERAL INTRODUCTIONI.1 BUILDING LOCATION

Lapaz Tower locates at 38 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Thach Thang, Hai Chau district, Da Nang city It is very near from the building to the school, hospital, Danang administrative center, Han river bridge…The building is expected to promote the economy and tourism development of the city

Figure I 1 Location of LaPaz tower

The building is a complex of apartments, services and owned by Danang Housing

investment development joint stock company

I.2 INVESTMENT NECESSARY

In the recent years, Vietnam’s economy has changed dramatically along with the rapid growth of the other countries in Asia The reconstruction and construction of

infrastructure is really needed On the other hand, the replacement of low-rise buildings

by high-rise buildings is very necessary to resolve land issues as well as changing the urban landscape to deserve with the stature of a large city

Danang is one of the most important cities in Vietnam With many beautiful landscapes, Danang attracts million tourists each year Nowadays, more and more people want to live and work in Danang Therefore, the construction of a high-rise building like La Paz Tower is essential and appropriate to deal with the issue After constructed, the building also will be one of the landmarks or the city

I.3 SCALE AND GENERAL FEATURES

The project consists of 17 upper stories and 2 basements The total high of the building is 64.8m from ±0.000 level and the basement is at -4.400m deep

The functions:

 Basement 1 and 2 is used as a parking area for residents and customers The

technical rooms like power room, pumping room…is put in the basement 2

 The first floor: mini supermarket, mini shop and office rooms for hire.

 The second floor: office rooms for hire

 Floor 3- 17: residential apartments

 The eighteenth floor: lift technical room and water tank

The technical parameters:

 Each basement area: 596 m2

 The first floor area: 594 m2

 The second floor area: 616 m2

 The third to seventeenth floor area: 625 m2

 The eighteenth floor area: 80 m2

CHAPTER II ARCHITECTURE SOLUTIONII.1 DESIGN OF MASTER PLAN

There are 2 basements that is used for parking and putting some technical system like water tank, power room…The area of each basement is 596m2 There is a staircase from the basement 2 for people moving conveniently

The first and second floor are used for market, shop, office for release 2 elevators and 1 staircase are installed to move vertically

Apartments are located from the third to the seventeenth floor Each apartment is

designed independently and connected together by lobbies

There are 7 apartment types:

 S1 and S4 apartment: 2 bedrooms – S=92.6m2

 S2 and S3 apartment: 2 bedrooms – S=74m2

S5 apartment: 2 bedrooms – S=96.5m2

 S6 apartment: 1 bedroom – S=44.8m2.

 S7 apartment: 2 bedrooms – S=78.1m2

In each floor, the lobbies are designed to move conveniently The elevators are the center

of the floor There is a emergency staircase that is used for dangerous situation

TP TP* ch lbt

800 kg d13*

s11

1000 kg

Figure I 2 Plan layout of the second basement

TP TP* ch lbt

800 kg d13*

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Figure I 3 Plan layout of the first basement

OFFICE FOR RELEASE

+0.000

+2.000 d11a d14

dw1 TP

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s8dc

s6dc s7dc s7dc s10

MINI SHOP

1000 kg

800 kg

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TP

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s21dc dw1 dw1

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area for community activities BAR

Figure I 5 Plan layout of the second floor

LIVING ROOM KITCHEN KITCHEN

LIVING ROOM BEDROOM 2

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DINING-ROOM LIVING ROOM

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KITCHEN KITCHEN

Figure I 6 Plan layout of typical floor (from the third to the seventeenth floor)

ch TP

s26

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d23 200 1350 200 TECHNICAL ROOM d23

PLASTIC PIPE O 100 FOR DRAINAGE

PLASTIC PIPE O 100 FOR DRAINAGE

Figure I 7 Plan layout of top and technical floor

II.2 DESIGN OF FACADE

The building has a modern shape and is designed as a landmark of Danang city

The building is exposed the sunshine extremely from all 4 directions The doors and windows are made of color glass, that make the building more beautifully.

8 8 11

1*

3 4*

8

4

8

8 8

Figure I 8 Elevation layout

7200 8800

8 6

11

8

4 4

8a 9

800 930 1200 400 2000

2000

2800 3000 2200 900 4000 900

1 2

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4*

8

8 8

9 9

9 9

8 8

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6 8 11

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Figure I 10 Elevation layout A-F

II.3 DECORATED MATERIAL SOLUTION

High quality inland materials are used for the building like granite and ceramic tiles VIGRACERA, sanitary wares INAX Using industrial timber for doors, glass material forwindows

CHAPTER III TECHNICAL AND INFASTRUCTURE SOLUTIONIII.1 LIGHTING SYSTEM

Natural light is fully utilized The window systems in all facades are glazed In addition, artificial light is also arranged so that it can cover all points that need lighting

III.2 VENTILATION SYSTEM

Through the window system, natural ventilation is fully utilized Besides, there is air conditioning system The pipe system is laid in the vertical and horizontal technical box, distributes evenly to the places of consumption

III.3 POWER SYSTEM

The medium voltage line 15KV goes to the substation through the underground pipe system There is also backup power, two generators, located in the basement of the

building When main power is lost, the generators will serve the following cases:

- The fire protection system

- Lighting system and protection

- Working offices

- Vertical transport system

- Computer system and other critical services

III.4 WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

III.4.1 Water supply

Water from the water supply system of the city goes into the underground tank situated in the basement of the building Water is pumped to the roof tank automatically, and then follows the technical pipeline to the consumptions

III.4.2 Drainage

Rainwater on the roof, logia, balcony, and domestic wastewater is collected to se-no leading to the treatment tank Handled water will be given to the drainage system of the city

III.5 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

III.5.1 Warning system.

Fire alarms are installed in all rooms of building This net is equipped sprinklers for fire fight and information network to give warns when detecting any problem

Figure I 11 Sprinkler

III.5.2 Fire fight solution.

Along lobby, we put CO2 bottles for firefight in case of happening fire

On each floor, the building has emergency stair, so it is necessary to make sure that

people can escape in the dangerous situation

A fire hydrant is designed outside the building to sever fire trucks

III.5.3 Fire resistance.

The major disadvantage of the steel structure is that the bearing capacity is affected by temperature When the temperature reaches 550o C, the steel structure begin instability and this leads to vandalism Mandatory requirements for steel structures is to be covered against fire, "dressed" steel structure 1 "armor layer " to against high temperatures in one certain time, a chance to extinguish the fire escape from the fire safely Fire protection requirements for the time resisting fire is 120 minutes, so the structural steel columns and beams need to be protected in the corresponding period

In terms of this project, the solution was chosen is using gypsum to cover steel structure.

We will set up a supporting frame to carry gypsum and cover the steel columns and beams

Figure I 12 Gypsum covers steel columns.

Figure I 13 Gypsum covers steel beams.

This solution is cheapest; compare to 2 other solutions, non-toxic, guarantee fire resistant standards (resist fire in 3 hours) And this method can also satisfy many requirements of architecture.

III.6 WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

Waste of each floor will be collected and taken downstairs technical storey, basement by waste collection tube The waste is processed every day

PART II

STRUCTURE

(45%)

CHAPTER I STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONI.1 SUPERSTRUCTURE SOLUTION

I.1.1 Basic structural system

In structural engineering, a diaphragm is a structural element that transmits lateral load to the vertical resisting elements of a structure (such as shear walls or frames) Diaphragms are typically horizontal, but can be sloped such as in a gable roof on a wood structure or concrete ramp in a parking garage The diaphragm forces tend to be transferred to the vertical resisting elements primarily through in-plane shear stress

The most common lateral loads to be resisted are those resulting from wind and

earthquake actions, but other lateral loads such as lateral earth pressure or hydrostatic pressure can also be resisted by diaphragm action

The diaphragm of a structure often does double duty as the floor system or roof system in

a building, or the deck of a bridge, which simultaneously supports gravity loads

3) Braced Structural Frames.

Figure II 2 Braced structural frame

In this frame system, bracing are usually used to connect beams and columns to increase their resistance against the lateral forces and side-ways forces due to applied load

Bracing is usually done by placing the diagonal members between the beams and

columns

This frame system provides more efficient resistance against the earthquake and wind forces This frame system is more effective than rigid frame system

I.1.2 Combination structural system

Tube structure system works more effective if arranging core wall at the center Core wall

is subjected to both vertical and horizontal load Core wall can be combined of shear walls of smaller tube

I.2 MATERIAL SOLUTION FOR SUPERSTRUCTURE

There are many types of frame structure can apply for this project:

 Concrete structure (including concrete columns, concrete beams) with concrete slab

 Steel structure (including steel columns, steel beams) with composite slab

 Composite structure (including composite columns, composite beams) with

 Fire and weather resistance of reinforced concrete is fair

 The reinforced concrete building system is more durable than any other building system Reinforced concrete, as a fluid material in the beginning, can be

economically molded into a nearly limitless range of shapes

 The maintenance cost of reinforced concrete is very low

 In structure like footings, dams, piers etc reinforced concrete is the most

economical construction material

 It acts like a rigid member with minimum deflection

 As reinforced concrete can be molded to any shape required, it is widely used in precast structural components It yields rigid members with minimum apparent deflection

 Compared to the use of steel in structure, reinforced concrete requires less skilled labor for the erection of structure.

 Steel structure:

 Health and safety for employees working in construction site

 Sustainability while using process (because of the balance between the three

factors: exceptional environmental, social and economic benefits)

 High quality (steel offers consistently high quality standards, precision products and guaranteed strength and durability in the most challenging environments)

 High speed construction (especially compare to concrete structures)

 Economic (Independent studies consistently show that steel is the most

cost-effective framing solution for multi-storey construction)

 Composite structure:

Advantageous properties of both steel and concrete are effectively utilized in composite structure High load capacity with small cross-section and economic material use (this leads is more usable space).Composite section have higher stiffness than corresponding steel section (in a steel structure) thus deflection is lesser Encased steel sections have improved fire resistance and corrosion Reduction in overall weight of structure thereby reduction in foundation cost However, addition cost for shear connectors and theirs installation (with composite beam) The lightly load short beams, this extra cost may exceed the cost-reduction on all accounts

I.3 BEARING COMPONENTS SOLUTIONS

I.3.1 Horizontal load bearing component

For the building with the height greater than 40m, there are some suitable structural system to bear the horizontal load:

 Frame structure

 Bracing-core combination structure

 Core-frame combination structure

Figure II 3 Top displacement of some structural system

I.3.2 Bearing vertical loading.

1) Columns.

Columns are the main components carrying loading of building before transferring it to the foundation In most of case, columns are compressive; however, sometimes, column will be bent along 1 axis or 2 axes To choose the cross section of columns for a structure,

we need to consider many factors: bearing capacity, manufacture condition, connectors, etc to enhance the effectiveness and get the best case

The following figure will show some popular column cross- sections:

Figure II 4 Column cross-sections.

In terms of this building, cross- section b is chosen because it is totally suitable for

manufacture conditions and the bearing capacity condition

2) Slab.

Slab is the main component which bears the dead loads and live loads while using

process Thereby, slab has big influence on the behavior of structure Choosing the

solution for the slab is a very important task In order to choose suitable solution, we need

to analyze pros and cons of many different solutions If the thickness of slab is not

enough, this will lead to cracks while using and make the deflection higher than demands.There are many options for designing the slab in this project: concrete slab, flat compositeslab, composite slab, etc

Regard to concrete slab, this is the most common slab in construction Concrete flooring

is a common type of flooring adopted by many building owners Concrete flooring can be used in residential, commercial, institutional & public buildings of all types With a long durability, meets demands of bearing capacity and deflection, calculate and construct easily, concrete slab is a good solution

Figure II 5 Concrete slab.

Figure II 6 Concrete slab in steel structure.

In terms of composite slab, there are many types of composite slab However, two of the most popular composite slab: flat composite slab and composite slab using steel sheet Composite floors offer significant advantages related to speed of construction (because these steel sheet will play a role as formwork, and if the distance between the secondary beams is small enough, we can eliminate the shore system while construction) and

reduced overall construction depth Concurrently, using composite floor can reduce the self-weight of slab; thereby, reduce the dimension of both beams and columns.

Figure II 7 Composite slab.

For this construction, the composite slab should be chosen because of the following reasons:

 Minimize the construction time

 Reduce the self-weight of slab; therefore, reduce the dimensions of beams and columns By this way, maximize the space for using

 Increase the material efficiency, compare to the other popular solutions

 High fire performance

3) Beams.

Beam is the main components which bear the capacity from the slab then transfer them to columns In most of cases, these elements will carry bending moments, axial forces rarely appear

When the span of beam is smaller than 12m, rolled sections I and compound sections I, Hare usually used And if the span is over 12m, open web joints, castled beams, box girders

or trusses are more popular These types of beam are shown in the figure below.

Figure II 8 Steel beams

In this project, compound I-section beams are chosen because of the following reasons:

 It is not complex in manufacture

 It easy to design connectors

 Loading is not too big

I.4 FOUNDATION

This is a high-rise building so the internal force at base of column is large To solve this issue, 2 types of foundation are usually used:

 Pile foundation

 Bored pile foundation

In this project, bored pile foundation is accepted because of the following reason:

 Geologic is complex

 Internal forces at base of columns are large

I.5 CONCLUSION

Structural system: core-frame combination system

Column: continuous I-shaped steel column

Beam: I-shaped steel beam linking to the column by spin connection

Slab: Composite slab

Foundation: Bore pile foundation

CHAPTER II STRUCTURAL LAYOUT AND PRE-DETERMINE THE

DIMENSONS OF ELEMENTS

II.1 MATERIAL

II.1.1 Material for column and beam

For column components, because of high compressive axial force, need to choose high steel grade We choose steel grade CCT52 with the characteristic:

 Strength of steel: f 340 /N mm2 (thickness of plate t20mm )

f 330 /N mm2 (thickness of plate20 t 40mm )

For beam, we choose steel grade CCT42 with the characteristic:

 Strength of steel: f 245 /N mm2 (thickness of plate t20mm )

f 240 /N mm2 (thickness of plate 20 t 40mm )

Elastic modulus: E2.1 10 5N mm/ 2

Density:  7850kg cm/ 3

II.1.2 Concrete material

Using concrete with grade B30:

 Compressive strength: R b 17MPa

 Tensile strength: R bt 1.2MPa

 Elastic modulus E b 3.25 10 4MPa

Reinforcement using for reinforced concrete elements: steel AIII with:

 Compressive strength R s 365MPa

 Design strength R sc 365MPa

II.2 LOAD

II.2.1 Loading component:

 The first and second floor:

 Granite tile

 Tile fixing mortar

 2 layers of ceramic tile

 2 layers of tile fixing mortar

 2 layers of thermal resistance brick

 Waterproofing glue Kova

Design load (kN/m2)

Table II 2 The first and second floor

No Layer Thickness(mm) (kN/m3)Density Characteristicload (kN/m2) Factor

Design load (kN/ m2)