TÀI LIỆU VỀ BỐ TRÍ ĐƯỜNG ỐNG VÀ HỆ THỐNG ĐƯỜNG ỐNG NGẦM 1. Gía đỡ ống: cấu trúc dẫn đường ống đi trong nhà máy Trong một nhà máy hóa học, đường ống dẫn hóa chất chạy từ cụm thiết bị này sang cụm thiết bị khác,và dẫn thẳng đến các cơ sở bên ngoài,... Cấu trúc được sử dụng cho mục đích này được gọi là Piperack. Vì vậy, trong khi chuẩn bị kế hoạch chính cho một nhà máy, một trong những hoạt động quan trọng nhất là lập kế hoạch cho piperack (hệ thống giá đỡ đường ống). 2.Hệ thống đường ống ngầm
Trang 11.Piperack: A Structure for Routing Pipes in the Plant
In a chemical plant pipes run from one unit to another unit, lines coming from outside
facilities etc. The structure which used for these purpose is termed as Piperack. So while
preparing the plot plan for a plant one of the most important activity is to plan the piperack through which the piping has to run from one unit to the other
Generally it is cheaper to run pipes at grade, but only where resulting hindrance to access isunimportant. The arrangement of pipe rack and structures should be given special attention
as savings in structural steel and civil costs can often be greater than increased cost due to extra pipe length. Piperack constructionablity (structural or concrete) needs to be freezed at early stage of project in consultation with client & civil . Piping that needs to be free draining
at different elevations to the interconnecting rack
Trang 2be centrally located and are usually elevated. They should be of sufficient height to allow vehicle access beneath. The width of rack will be determined by the number of lines (plus future requirements) it carries, along with any allocation for cable trays
In offsite areas or where only a few lines are required to run to an isolated plant area it is more cost effective to run pipes on pipe tracks or sleepers, at grade. Sleeper spacing will
depend on limiting pipe spans. Sleeper piping is also preferred in offsite area as pipe runs
on elevated structure often acts as hindrance for fire protection
Pipe trenches are used mainly in large offplot storage areas where pipes need to run at
low level and require to pass under plant roads. However use of unfilled open pipe trencheshas to be reviewed considering the draining requirement
2.Underground Piping (U/G) Piping – Part 2
This device is used to collect surface drainage with an outlet liquid seal and sediment trap. The sketch Fig 1 illustrates a typical catch basin feature and Fig 2 illustrates a typical
location of catch basins
The maximum area coverage of a catch basin is approx 150 sqm. ie. 12m x 12m
or15mx10m
The area covered by a catch basin should be of square configuration, as far as possible. The catch basin should be located in the middle of the area as far as possible
Slope of pavement 1 in 100, e.g. HPP (Ridge of catch basin area = 100.00) and LPP (at catch basin peripheral drain = 99.85)
1. Catch Basin
No catch basins or manholes should be located within 15m radius of heaters. No vent pipesshould be located within 15m of the heaters
Area drainage around heater areas shall be done by pavement sloping towards open ditches. Each catch basin shall be connected to manhole and shall be provided with fire seal
Trang 3Fig 1 Catch basin
Trang 5Sealed manhole with bent pipes seal type shall be used for carbon steel pipes upto size16 ″
NB and for greater than dia 16 NB and for all diameters of RCC pipes double compartment″type manholes should be used
3. Invert elevation
This term, usually associated with any underground line, refers to the elevation of the insidebottom of the line. Because of the wide range of materials used in the underground piping system / drainage system with varying wall thickness, it is the constant that is used to set the elevation on construction drawings
6. Valve Pit / Maintenance pit for flanges and instruments.
When the underground system needs valves for isolation and instruments for control, the normal practice is to enclose these valves and instruments in a RCC pit with cover. These valves and instruments in a pit can be operated as well as maintenance work can be done with ease
Piping arrangementUnderground
Under piping are generally arranged based on the location of the consumers and the also depends upon the depth for the soil surface. Some of the guidelines for routing of the underground piping are stated below:
1. The overall Plot Plan allocates the space for the major underground services in the
beginning of the project
The cooling water supply from cooling water pump discharge to the various units as well as the cooling water return from the various units to the top of cooling tower is routed in a simple, straight orientation at a suitable depth avoiding any major road crossings
A typical cooling water and potable water system is illustrated in sketch Fig 3. Cooling watercross over piping is illustrated in sketch Fig 4
Trang 6– Oily water sewer system collects waste, drips, leaks from equipment and piping in noncorrosive process equipment area. The designer should identify all the specific drain points in consultation with the process engineer
– Chemical and process sewer system recovers acid or chemical drains from
equipment / piping as well as surface drainage by providing curbing and drain sump around such equipment
– Sketch UGP19 depicts a typical process drains – closed system
– Sketch UGP21 illustrates a typical crosssection of a closed or chemical drain system
– Sanitary sewer system collects raw waste from lavatories and is either connected tothe municipal battery limit or routed to a septic tank
– Blowdown system picks up drains around boilers and steam drums and is run as a separate system. It is permissible to connect the blowdown system to a sewer box in oily water sewer system downstream of drainage from a furnace
6. Trench Piping
Occasionally, drain piping or process piping should be run below grade but not buried. Sketch Fig 8 illustrates two insulated lines A and B running below grade to a drain tank.The top of the trench is covered with grating but could be covered with RCC slab depending on the traffic load estimated in the area
The width of trench should allow adequate clearance to valves and drains as required
7. A typical catch basin is illustrated in sketch Fig 11.
A typical sewer box or manhole is illustrated in sketch Fig 12. A typical Dyked area drain sump is illustrated in sketch Fig 13
A typical lift station by vertical pump is illustrated in sketch Fig 14
8. A process area for the purpose underground drainage is subdivided into block areas with
high point ridge and low point catch basins / pits
Trang 7The manholes are interconnected by sloping piping and led to the battery limit valve pit and finally discharged into the treatment pond
Sketch Fig 1516, Fig 1718, Fig 19 illustrates the details of the subdivision of the process area into blocks with explanatory notes
Trang 8
Fig 5 Cooling water to exchangers
Trang 9Fig 6. Cooling water to pumps
Trang 10Fig 7 Emergency eyewash and safety shower
Trang 11Fig 8. Trench piping
Trang 12Fig 9 Hydrant and monitor installations
Trang 13Fig 10 Typical grademounted fire monitor
Trang 14Fig 12 Typical sewer box or manhole
Trang 15Fig 13 Dyked area drain
Trang 16Trang 17
line
Trang 18process line
Trang 19Fig 17.G.A.for underground piping
Trang 20Fig 19. Plot subdivided into drainage areas
Trang 21Fig 20. Oily water and storm water system
Trang 22Fig 21.Process drains: Closed system
Trang 23Fig 22. Plan for a closed drain system
Trang 24Fig 23.Closed drain system : Cross section
Trang 25
Fig 25 Underground cable duct