Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian: Main clause Mệnh đề chính Adverbial clause of time Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian Present tenses Present tenses Future t
Trang 1NGỮ PHÁP ÔN THI VÀO LỚP 10
- dự định sẽ thực hiện trong tương laigần
- hành động có tính chất tạm thời
- at the moment, now, right now, at present
thường không dùng với
thì tiếp diễn: like, dislike, hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe, understand, remember, forget, know, belong, have, taste, smell, ….
- I can’t answer the
phone I’m having
a bath
- She is going to the
cinema tonight
- He often goes to work by car, but
+: S + has / have +V3/ed
-: S + has/have + not +V3/ed
?: Has / Have + S + P.P?
- hành động bắt đầutrong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và
có thể tiếp tục trongtương lai
- hành động vừa mới xảy ra
- lately, recently (gần đây)
- một thói quen trong quá khứ
- yesterday, last week, last month, …ago, in
- at that time, at (9 o’clock) last night, at this time (last week),
- He was doing his
homework at 8 o’clock last night
Trang 2+: S + was were + Ving
-: S + was /were + not +Ving
?: Was / Were + S + Ving…?
quá khứ
- hai hành động cùng xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ
- The children were playing football
while their mother
was cooking the
- already, ever, never, before, by, by the time,after, until, when, …
-After+ QKHT, QKĐ -Before+ QKĐ, QKHT
- tomorrow, next, in
2012, …
- I think / guess
- I am sure / I am not sure
- He will come
back tomorrow
- The phone is
ringing I will answer it.
Note:
- hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ:
hành động ngắn dùng thì quá khứ đơn, hành động dài dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Ex: Yesterday morning, I met my friend while I was going to school.
hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì quá khứ đơn
Ex: She went out with her friends after she had finished her homework.
She had finished her homework before she went out with her friends.
Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:
Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)
Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời
gian)
Present tenses Present tenses
Future tenses Present tenses
1 TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ I will wait here until she comes back
2 TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished hiswork
3 while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my
Trang 34 QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD
It (start) - to rain while the boys (play) - football
5 QKTD + while + QKTD
Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games
6 HTHT + since + QKĐ I (work) - here since I
(graduate) -
7 After + QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I (go)
- to bed
8 Before / By the time + QKĐ + QKHT
Before she (have) - dinner, she (write) - letter
Supply the correct VERB TENSE :
1 I (meet)……… Arthur 3 weeks ago
2 I (never see)…………anyone more punctual than your brother
3 I (meet)…… your brother this afternoon at Green Street
4 He (light)……… a cigarette and (walk)………to the window
5 The performance (begin)………….at 7 o’clock and (last)……… for 3 hours
6 “You (be)…….here before? ” - Yes, I (spend)…… my holidays here last year
7 He (leave)…………for London 2 years ago and I (not see)…… him since
8 You (be)………to the laboratory this week?
9 Thousands of people (see)……… this exhibition by the end of the month
10 By the time you (finish)………… cooking they (do)……… their homework
11 I don’t think he (change)………in the thirty years I (know)…… him
12 He (come) ………in to the room a moment after I (get)…… there
13 I a letter just a few minutes ago (receive)
14 They in London since 1980 (live)
15 Linda is working in this department She here for two years (work)
16 You _ your book on my desk last night (put)
17 He _ English at this school for six weeks up to now (study)
18 Nobody at the party on Saturday (dance)
19 They about the terrible accident near my school since came home (talk)
20 I _ this bike since I was a teenager and I still use it (have)
21 John, I’m furious with you I in this rain for half an hour (wait)
22 They _ meat since they saw that film about farm animals (not/eat)
23 Mrs Brown English from 2 o’clock to 5 o’clock everyday (teach)
24 I haven’t seen him since he (arrive)…………
25 Birds (build)………their nests in the summer and (fly)…….to the south in winter
26 My father (not smoke)……….for 5 years
27 I (see)…… a car accident while I (wait)……… for you at this corner yesterday
Trang 428 Mr John (be)……… principal of our school since last year.
29 Mr Smith (teach)……….at this school since he (graduate)……… in 1990
30 My father (not watch)……….TV every night
Topic 2: INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS (To-inf và V-ing)
I Bare infinitives( nguyên mẫu không ‘to’) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
- Sau modal verbs: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, be able to, have to, used to
- Sau các động từ : make( trong câu chủ động), let, would rather, had better
Ex: -She makes me feel happy
- Sau các động từ tri giác: see, hear, notice, smell, taste, fell
Ex:- You had better think carefully before making a decision
II To- infinitives (nguyên mẫu có ‘to’) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
S + V + to-V To -infinitives còn được dùng trong các công thức sau:
1 ask (hỏi , yêu cầu)
20 beg (nài nỉ , van xin)
21 claim (đòi hỏi)
22 demand (yêu cầu)
23 fail (thất bại)
it + take + O + (time) + to-inf
Ex: It takes me an hour to do this homework.
S + V+ how/ what/when/where/which + to-inf.
Ex: I don’t know how to answer this question.
it + be + adj + (for-O) + to-inf
Ex: It ís not easy to speak English fluently.
S+ V + adj/adv + ENOUGH + to-inf
Ex: She is old enough to go to school alone.
S+ V + TOO + adj/adv + to-inf
Ex: That boy is too young to go to school by motorbike
Trang 5III Gerund ( V-ing- danh động từ)
(quen dần với…) + be busy (bận rộn)
+ be worth (xứng đáng)+ look forward to(trông mong)+ have difficulty/ fun/ trouble
+It’s no use/ it’s no good chẳng ích gìEx: It’s no use crying
+Be/get used to quen với việc gìEx: she is used to living alone in the city.+what/how about ?
Ex: What about going to the cinema?
Sau spend/waste+time/money
Ex: They spend money buying apartment
Note : Các trường hợp dùng V-ing hoặc to-inf nhưng mang nghĩa khác nhau: Stop to V: có nghĩa là: dừng lại để làm một việc gì dó
Ving ~ give up: Bỏ thôi không làm một việc gì đó
Trang 6To-V: nhớ việc chưa xảy ra/ cần phải làm
Try V – ing: thử làm một việc gì
To –V: cố gắng làm một việc gì
Go on to -V : tiếp tục làm việc khác
V-ing : tiếp tục việc đang làm
Prefer + V-ing to V-ing: thích cái gì hơn cái gì
+S vật+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động)
+S người+ need + to-inf: cần (chủ động)
Ex: I need to wash my car.
My car is very dirty It needs washing / to be washed.
+ Cấu trúc nhờ vả:
S + have + O người + V1 + O vật
S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)
S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật
S + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)
1 The form teacher has asked Jack (write) ………an essay on the Thames
2 It sometimes may be difficult (get) ……… a taxi during rush- hours
3 She tells the driver(take) ……… her to the railway station
4 Children have just stopped ( play) ……… football
5 I advised him (wait) ……… for me at the airport
6 Would you mind (help) ……… me with this work?
7 Would you like (have) ……… something to eat?
8 It started (rain) ……… an hour ago Has it stopped (rain) ……… yet?
9 My family is trying (decide)………where to go on holiday
10 I’ve enjoy (meet) ……… you I hope (see) ……… you again
11 They prefer ( play)……… in swimming pool all day
12 They refuse (go)……… out on trips if it’s too hot
13 I used (smoke)……… 20 cigarettes a day, but now I give up (smoke) …………
14 We decided (rent)……… a house with a swimming pool
15 I remember (lock)………… the door when I left but forgot (shut) ………… the window
16 I finished (read)……… the book and went to bed
17 My teachers always expected me (do)……… well in exams
18 Let me (pay) ……… for the meal You paid last time
19 I used (smoke)……… 20 cigarettes a day, but now I give up (smoke)…………
20 We decided (rent)……… a house with a swimming pool
21 There is no point ……… about the bill (worry)
22 He is too ill ……… anything (do)
23 He should be advised ……… a lot of milk (drink)
Trang 724 We remember ……… him before (meet)
25 They don’t allow ……… in the auditorium, they don’t want ………
……… it on fire (smoke / risk / set)
26 That boy was used to ……… from school by his mother (collect)
27 You should consider ……… on a picnic at the weekend (go)
28 On the way home, Long often stops ……… a newspaper (buy)
Topic 3: TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi)
1 Quy tắc chung:
- Câu nói và phần đuôi luôn ở dạng đối nhau
Ex: The children are playing in the yard, aren’t they?
They can’t swim, can they?
- Chủ từ của câu nói là đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ này
Ex: She is a doctor, isn’t she?
- Chủ từ là danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay thế
Ex: People speak English all over the world, don’t they?
- Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: được thay bằng “it”
Ex: Everything is ready, isn’t it?
- Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody: được thay bằng
“they”
Ex: Someone called me last night, didn’t they?
- Đại từ this / that được thay bằng “it”; these / those được thay bằng “they”
Ex:That is his car, isn’t it?
These are your new shoes, aren’t they?
- “There” trong cấu trúc “there + be” được dùng lại ở phần đuôi
Ex: There aren’t any students in the classroom, are there?
- Câu nói có trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are …): trợ động từ được lặp lại ở phần đuôi
Ex: You will come early, won’t you?
- Câu nói không có trợ động từ: trợ động từ do / does / did được dùng ở phần đuôi
Ex: It rained yesterday, didn’t it?
She works in a restaurant, doesn’t she?
- Câu nói có chứa các từ phủ định thì phần đuôi khẳng định
Ex: He never comes late, does he?
Note: Động từ trong phần đuôi ở phủ định thì luôn được viết ở dạng rút gọn.
2 Một số trường hợp đặc biệt:
- Phần đuôi của I AM là AREN’T I
Ex: I am writing a letter, aren’t I?
- Phần đuôi của Let’s là SHALL WE
Câu khẳng định, đuôi phủ định?
Câu phủ định , đuôi khẳng định?
Trang 8Ex: Let’s go out tonight, shall we?
- Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
+ dùng phần đuôi WON’T YOU để diễn tả lời mời
+ dùng phần đuôi WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN’T YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Ex: Have a piece of cake, won’t you?
Close the door, will you?
- Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: dùng phần đuôi WILL YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự Ex: Please don’t smoke her, will you?
- Phần đuôi của ought to là SHOULDN’T
Ex: She ought to do exercise every morning, shouldn’t she?
Add a correct question tag to each sentence
1 You aren't afraid of snakes………?
2 Ann isn't at home……… ……?
3 You don't know French………?
4 Tom didn't see her………?
5 This isn't yours………?
6 Bill hasn't had breakfast………?
7 You won't tell anyone………?
8 I didn't wake you up………?
9 You don't want to sell the house………?
10 It doesn't hurt………?
11 People shouldn't drink and drive………?
12 You aren't going alone………?
13 They couldn't pay the rent………?
14 You don't agree with Bill………?
15 There wasn't a lot to do………?
16 That wasn't Ann on the phone………?
17 You didn't do it on purpose………?
18 This won't take long………?
19 She doesn't believe you………?
20 It didn't matter very much………?
21 Mary couldn't leave the children alone………?
22 You aren't doing anything tonight………?
23 You wouldn't mind helping me with this………?
24 George hadn't been there before………?
25 The children weren't surprised………?
Topic 4: GIỚI TỪ
I Giới từ chỉ thời gian
Trang 91 AT: vào lúc
- dùng chỉ thời gian trong ngày
At + giờ
At lunchtime vào giờ ăn trưa
At sunset lúc mặt trời lặn
At sunrise lúc mặt trời lặn
At noon giữa trưa (lúc 12 giờ trưa)
- dùng chỉ một dịp lễ hội, một thời khắc nào đó
At the weekend (người Mỹ và Úc dùng on the weekend)
At Easter vào lễ phục sinh
At Christmas vào lễ Giáng sinh
At New Year
At present, At the moment
At this / that time
At the same time cùng thời gian
At the end / beginning of this month / next month
At the age of ở lứa tuổi
Ex: He came to live in London at the age of twenty five.
Tom and Peter arrived at the same time.
2 ON: vào
- dùng chỉ thứ trong tuần, ngày trong tháng
On Monday, On 14th February, On this / that day
- dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày
On Sunday evenings
On Christmas Day, On New Year’s Day, On my birthday
3 IN: trong
- dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày nói chung, một kỳ nghỉ, một học kỳ
In the morning / afternoon / evening
In the Easter holiday
In the summer term trong học kỳ hè
In the summer holiday trong kỳ nghỉ hè
- dùng cho tháng, mùa, năm, thập kỷ, thế kỷ, thời đại và thiên niên kỷ
In August , In the summer / winter / spring / autumn, In 2010, In the 1990s, In the 19th century
In the Middle Ages, In the 3rd millennium
- dùng trong một số cụm từ để chỉ thời gian trong tương lai
In a moment / in a few minutes / in an hour / in a day / in a week / in six months
Trang 10In the end cuối cùng
* Note:
In the end cuối cùng In the end ≠ at first
Ex: He got more and more angry In the end, he walked out of the room
II Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn
1 at: tại vị trí cụ thể
Ex: at the station
2 in: trước danh từ chỉ thành phố, quốc gia
Ex: in Ha Noi , in England
3.on: trên
Ex: on the shelf, on the table
III Một số tính từ có giới từ đi kèm:
- interested in thích, quan tâm - bored with chán
- surprised at ngạc nhiên về - popular with phổ biến với
- It’s very kind of you to-inf bạn thật tốt bụng khi …. - good for / bad for tốt / xấu cho
Use the correct prepositions :
1 Water consists ………… hydrogen and oxygen
2 Santa Claus is based ……… the description of Saint Nicholas in the poem
3 I’m going away ………… the end of January
4 I met Tom ………… the street yesterday
5 My sister won’t have dinner 11.30 p.m
6 Your writing is similar ………….mine
7 Ann wasn’t keen ………….going out in the rain
8 She’s very old She needs someone to look ………….her
9 They arrived ………… this gas station ……… 5 o’clock yesterday
10 I was watching TV ……… 9 ……… 12 o’clock yesterday
11 She will be ………… home ……… Tuesday afternoon
12 The course starts ……… November 3th and ends ……… January
13 Are you interested ……… listening to pop music ?
14 My father hasn’t met my uncle ………… last month
15 Products made ……… China is not very popular in Vietnam
Trang 1116 The park was named ………… a young hero, Le Van Tam.
17 During the War, our country was divided ………… 3 parts
18 Hanoi and Kuala Lumpur are the same ……… many ways
19 Their son has cleaned the floors ……… three hours
20 This machine hasn’t been used ……… ages
21 Maryam was really impressed ……… the beauty of Hanoi
22 We are looking forward ……… new possibilities
23 We can live ………… a dormitory ……… campus
24 What aspect ………… learning English do you find difficult ?
II.Choose the suitable prepositions in brackets
1 Ba and Tam usually go fishing the weekends (on, in, from, at)
2 The students will visit the capital the summer (on, in, at, of)
3 They heard a very strange noise midnight (on, in, at, out)
4 Our little brother took a long nap from 1p.m 4p.m (till, up, between, at)
5 The competitions will take place 8a.m and 12a.m (from, between, up to, to)
6 She talked an hour to persuade her parents (in, for, at, up to)
7 They have learned English many years (since, for, in, from)
8 The boys often go skiing the winter (in, at, on, for)
9 I’ve studied French 3 months (for, since, in)
10 I arrived the bus stop at 4 in the afternoon (in, at, on, to)
11 She has been here yesterday (in, since, for, on)
12 We will go a picnic next week (in, at, on, to)
13 She took many pictures to show the trip her parents (of, for, to, with)
14 There is a meeting 9 a.m and 2 p.m (in, till, between, at)
15 We have lived in Hanoi 4 years (in, since, for, at)
16 She was born 16th January (in, of, at, on)
17 I’ve studied French last week (for, since, in)
18 arrived at the bus stop at 4 the afternoon (in, at, on, to)
19 What did she do the weekend? (on, in, to, for)
Topic 5: ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS AND COMPARISONS (Tính từ, trạng từ và so sánh)
1 Tính từ:
- Đứng trước danh từ: adj + N
Ex: She is a good teacher
- Sau động từ to be
Ex: He is handsome
- Sau các động từ liên kết như: become, get, feel, look, seem, taste, smell, sound,…
Ex: My mother looks tired
- Trước enough
Ex: Nam is old enough to drive a car
- Trong cấu trúc so + adj + that
2 Trạng từ:
- Đứng sau động từ thường
Trang 12Ex: John drives carefully
- be + adv + V3/-ed
Ex: The ship was badly damaged by the storm
- Một số từ vừa là tính từ, vừa là trạng từ: fast (nhanh), hard, early, late (trễ)
3 Tính từ + Mệnh đề
Một số tính từ chỉ cảm giác như: glad, happy, pleased, delighted, excited, sorry, disappointed,
amazed, có thể có một mệnh đề theo sau
Ex: We are happy that you won the scholarship
Good / well better the best
Bad / badly worse the worst
Far further the furthest
farther the farthest
Much / many more the most
Little less the least
Happy happier the happiest
Lazy lazier laziest Clever cleverer the cleverest
Narrow narrower the narrowest
I Use the correct tense or form of the words in parentheses :
1 Most of the students did ……… on their test Their test results were ………… (good)
2 James looked very (sad) ……… because she lost the game
3 The children seemed ……… They played ……… in the garden (happy)
4 He is a ……… man He always drives ……… (careful)
Trang 135 The weather was so ……… yesterday (awful)
6 I can’t remember ……… what happened (clear)
7 I was disappointed that I did so ……… in the exam (bad)
8 It was raining ……… so we stayed at home (heavy)
9 Mary speaks English very ……… (fluent)
10 Nam is a ……… student (good)
II Use the correct kind of comparison form of adjectives and adverbs :
1 Your house is ……… than my house (big)
2 These books are ……… than those books (thick)
3 Hoi An Ancient Town is the ……… town in Vietnam (old)
4 The Great Wall of China is the world’s ……… structure (long)
5 Nam is ……… than Ba He is ……… boy in class 6A (tall)
6 This girl is ……… than that girl (clever)
7 Mary is ……… as her sister (pretty)
8 The Nile River is the ……… river in the world (long)
9 A new house is ……… than an old one (expensive)
10 We’ve had ……… difficulty with this part than that one (little)
11 His English is ……… of these students (good)
12 Mount Everest is ……… mountain in the world (high)
13 Travelling by air or car, which is ……… ? (interesting)
14 It’s too noisy here Can we go somewhere ……… ? (quiet)
15 Hanoi is ……… than Ho Chi Minh City (small)
16 PETRONAS Twins Towers are ……… than Sears Towers (tall)
17 Thanks to the progress of science, our life is becoming ………… and ………… (good)
18 In order to get good marks, we have to do ……… practice (far)
19 John is much ……… than I thought (strong)
20 Mr Kelly is ……… man in that organization (popular)
Topic 6: PASSIVE VOICE (Câu bị động)
I CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S + BE + Ved/3+ BY + O
II CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ
Simple present V1 / Vs(es) Am / is / are + P.PPresent continuous Am / is / are + V-ing Am / is / are + being + P.PPresent perfect Has / have + P.P Has / have + been + P.P
Past continuous Was / were + V-ing Was / were + being + P.PPast perfect Had + P.P Had + been + P.P
Simple future Will / shall + V1 Will / shall + be + P.P
Trang 14Future perfect Will/ shall + have + P.P Will / shall + have + been + P.P
Note:
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O
- Nếu chủ từ trong câu chủ động là từ phủ định thì đổi sang câu bị động phủ định
- Các chủ từ someone, anyone, people, he, she, they … trong câu chủ động thì có thể bỏ “by + O” trong câu
bị động
I Change these sentences to the passive voice :
1 My students have met their friend at the station ………
2 They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home ………
3 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow ………
4 How many trees did they cut down ? ………
5 This well-known library attracts many people ………
6 All students attended the meeting ………
7 People say that he is intelligent ………
8 He can’t repair my bike ………
9 Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock ………
10 Mr Smith has taught us French for 2 years ………
11 They didn’t look after the children properly ………
12 Nobody swept this street last week ………
13 People drink a great deal of tea in England ………
14 People speak English all over the world ………
Topic 7: REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật)
I Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)
1 Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba
I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her
We → They us → them our → their
2 Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)
- Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật
3 Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi
II Thay đổi về thì trong câu:
Simple present - V1 /Vs(es)
Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing
Present perfect – have / has + P.P
Present perfect progressive – have / has been
+V-ing
Simple past – V2 / -ed
Simple past – V2 / V-ed Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Past perfect – had + P.P
Past perfect progressive - had been + V-ing Past perfect – had + P.P
Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing
Trang 15Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Simple future – will + V1
Future progressive will be + V-ing
Future in the past - would + V1 Future progressive in the past - would be + V- ing
III Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
NowHereThisTheseTodayTonightYesterdayLast yearTomorrowNext monthAgo
ThenThereThatThoseThat dayThat nightThe day before / the previous dayThe year before / the previous yearThe following day / the next day / the day afterThe following month / the next month / the month after
meyouhimheritusthem
Myyourhisheritsourtheir
CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP
1 Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị
- Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + ….
Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her
- Mệnh lệnh phủ định:
Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 ….
Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.”
→ The teacher
Trang 16-2 Câu trần thuật
Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause”
Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause
Note: said to → told
Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”
→ Tom said (that)
She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”
→ She told me (that)
-3 Câu hỏi
a Yes – No question
Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux V + S + V1 + O….?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O ….
Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary “Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan -
-Change these sentences into reported speech
1 Daisy said : “ Please lend me your history book, Joana ”
Trang 1713 My mother said to my sister, “Do you want to go shopping with me this afternoon ?”
………
14 The police asks the witness, “What are you doing here ?” ………
15 Jim asked Laurence, “How many students are there in your class this year ?” ………
16 “What was Mr Minh doing at this time yesterday ?”, Ngoan said ………
17 The men asked Mary, “How long have you waited for this doctor ?” ………
18 I said to the salesman, “How much does this dress cost today ?” ………
19 Betty wonders, “When did I send a letter to my parents ?” ………
20 I asked you, “What are you writing now ?” ………
Topic 8: WISH CLAUSES (Mệnh đề mong ước) Có 3 dạng câu mong ước: - Mong ước không thật trong tương lai KĐ: S+ wish(es) + S + would + V1 PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + wouldn’t + V1 Ex: I wish you would stop smoking. - Mong ước không thật ở hiện tại: KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + V2/-ed + O (to be: were / weren’t) PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + didn’t + V1 Ex: Ben isn’t here I wish Ben were here I wish I could swim - Mong ước không thật ở quá khứ: KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + had + V3/-ed PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + hadn’t + V3/-ed Ex: She failed her exam last year She wishes she hadn’t failed her exam Note: S + wish(es) có thể thay bằng If only Ex: I wish I weren’t so fat = If only I weren’t so fat. I Write sentences beginning with I wish : 1 I’m very bad at math I wish ………
2 Daniel doesn’t live in the center of town Daniel wishes ………
3 I don’t know how to repair the car I wish ………
4 It rains here every day I wish ………
5 Nicholas is sorry he smashed up his car Nicholas wishes ………
6 The snow won’t stop until tomorrow I wish ………
7 I am not lying on a beach in the Caribbean I wish ………
8 I don’t have time to go around the city I wish ………
9 My friend cannot stay with me longer I wish ………
10 I don’t know many English words I wish ………
Trang 1811 She doesn’t send me her recent photos She wishes ………
12 It won’t be fine tomorrow I wish ………
13 My students don’t speak English fluently My students wish ………
14 My students write lessons slowly My students wish ………
15 The exercises are long I wish ………
Topic 9: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) 1 Type 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai If clause Main clause S + V1 / V s(es) (don’t / doesn’t + V1) S + will / can/ may + V1 (won’t / can’t + V1) 2 Type 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại If clause Main clause S + V-ed / V2 (didn’t + V1) To be: were / weren’t S + would / could / should + V1 (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1) 3 Type 3: điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ If clause Main clause S + had + P.P (hadn’t + P.P) S + would / could / should + have + P.P (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P) 4 Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện: a Unless = If ….not If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living. = Unless
-b Without: không có = if … not Without water, life wouldn’t exist = If
-Note:
1 Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless bằng cách đảo ngữ
Were I rich, I would help you.
= If I were rich, I would help you
Had I known her, I would have made friend with her.
= If I had known her, I would have made friend with her
If you should run into Peter, tell him to call me
= Should you run into Peter, tell him to call me
2 Mệnh đề chính trong câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể là một câu đề nghị hoặc lời mời
Trang 19If you are free now, have a cup of coffee with me.
3 Đổi từ if sang unless:
Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ
định) Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)
Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster
Unless
If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam
Unless
-6 Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause
- If you don’t + V1, Clause
- If you aren’t + …, Clause
Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself If
Go away or I will call the police If 1) If I were you, I ……….( invite) Jack to the party
-2) She would get 100 pounds if she ……… (sell) this old shelf
3) If they had enough money, they……… ( buy) a new car
4) If it………(rain), I will stay at home
5) If the weather……….(be) fine, the children can walk to school
6) We……….( pass) the exam if we studied harder
7) If Pat……… ( repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us
8) Walter……….( help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening.9) If you come with me, I ……….( do) the shopping with you
10) Our teacher will be happy if we ………(learn) the poem by heart
11) If we meet at 9:30, we……….(have) plenty of time
12) Lisa would find the milk if she……….( look) in the fridge
13) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she……… (feed) the animals.14) If you spoke louder, your classmates………(understand) you
15) Dan……… (arrive) safe if he drove slowly
I Use UNLESS instead of IF :
1 If she doesn’t hurry, she’ll be late ………
2 If we had more rain, our crops would be better ………
3 If you don’t like this one, I will bring you another ………
4 If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife
………
5 I’ll be able to do any work if I don’t now have a quiet room
………
Trang 206 The flood would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher.
………
7 If you hadn’t sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there ………
8 If she did her hair differently, she would look quite nice ………
9 If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game ………
10 If I won the first prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job ………
II Viết lại câu dùng “If” 1 I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you ………
2 We got lost because we didn’t have the map ………
3 My friend was so late, so he missed the train ………
………
4 Today isn’t Sunday, so the students don’t go swimming ………
5 Because you don’t leave immediately, I call the policeman ………
6 I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up ………
7 Go right now or you will be late for the train ………
8 As she is often absent from class, she can’t keep pace with her classmates ………
9 I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address ………
10 I didn’t watch TV last night because I was busy ………
Topic 10: MAKING SUGGESTIONS (Đưa ra lời đề nghị) * Các mẫu câu đề nghị: - Let’s + V1:
- Shall we + V1…? - How about / What about + V-ing….? - Why don’t we + V1 ….? * Câu đề nghị với động từ suggest: S + suggest + V-ing ……….
S + suggest + that + S + should + V1 ……… (từ that không được bỏ
I Use the correct verb form :
1 Lan suggested ……… to the zoo on the weekend (go)
2 The movie is not interesting How about ……… to the concert ? (go)
3 You don’t like Chinese food What about ……… English food ? (eat)
4 Our teacher suggests ……… a meeting to discuss the problem (hold)
5 Her former leader suggested that she ……… harder for the exam (train)
6 I suggest that fans ……… instead of air conditioners (use)
7 Would you like ……… milk or water ? (drink)
8 What is the purpose of ……… energy-saving bulbs ? (use)
9 Tom suggested ……… to the zoo by his father (take)