IELTS WRITING TASK 2

New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn10/09/2016: Some people think that studying from the past teaches us nothing about today’s life.. New Insig

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S L C V SÁCH NIS IELTS WRITING TASK 2

NIS IELTS WRITING TASK 2 là sách n i b c a trung tâm anh ng New Insight dùng đ gi ng

d y cho các h c viên có nhu c u luy n thi IELTS l y 6.0 - 6.5+

+ Ch ng 3: T ng h p các ng pháp chính y u c n đ c s d ng đ l y đi m

+ Ch ng 4: Các lo i câu h i th ng đ c ra thi và cách gi i quy t các d ng câu h i khác nhau v i format chung

Cu n sách này đ c vi t và t ng h p b i công s c và kinh nghi m gi ng d y dày d n c a t p

th giáo viên New Insight c bi t cu n sách đ c ch biên b i cô Nguy n Minh Th ch Th o (ng i có kinh nghi m luy n thi IELTS vô cùng mát tay cho các b n t m t g c đ n l y IELTS Writing 6.0 trong 3 tháng) Góp ph n cho cu n sách thêm ph n đ y đ n và ch nh chu chính là phó biên t p cô Tr n Th o Trang - Moderator c a trang T h c IELTS 9.0

Các giáo viên tiêu bi u khác c a trung tâm anh ng New Insight:

+ Cô ng H ng Thanh Th o (IELTS 8.0, th khoa c nhân ngành Ngôn ng Anh H Hoa Sen, Founder c a New Insight)

+ Cô T Minh Hà (IELTS 8.5, IELTS prize winner - H i ng Anh) - cô Hà s đi du h c nên s p t i ch có th d y online thôi

+ Cô Ph m Thu H ng (IELTS 8.0, m nh danh cô-bi t-tu t vì ki n th c sâu r ng)

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KHAI GI NG L P IELTS “KHUY N H C”

TOÀN QU C (Offline/online)

Cách đây vài tháng, Ms.Trang có check inbox ph n tin nh n n thì m i th y có nhi u b n ng ý

mu n h c IELTS nh ng vì quê xa thành ph ho c đi u ki n kinh t ch a đ đ h c các l p IELTS

ch t l ng nên c ng nhân d p n m h c m i, Ms Trang chính th c thông báo khai gi ng l p IELTS

“Khuy n h c” offline dành cho các b n trong ph m vi TPHCM và online cho các b n t nh thành khác

H c phí l p IELTS Khuy n H c là 1.700.000/tháng (có th đóng theo t ng tháng ho c đóng theo khoá 3 tháng đ ti t ki m thêm 5% h c phí)

+ Ph ng pháp h c Hybrid – v a nghe gi ng trên l p v a ôn bài và s a bài t p qua kênh online,

l y t ng cá nhân làm tr ng tâm, m i cá nhân s đ c h ng d n l trình và cách h c riêng c ng

nh s theo dõi quá trình phát tri n c a b n thân

1 i n thông tin ng kí l p h c t i đây: https://goo.gl/forms/9OcAqWVfOIrAWw252

2 Follow/inbox facebook c a cô Trang đ bi t thêm thông tin chi ti t (Facebook Ms.Trang: https://www.facebook.com/trangtran.ielts)

3 G i s Hotline: 0967.946.617 đ đ c h ng d n thêm nhé

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M C L C

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2: TOPICS 8

I ADVERTISING 8

II ANIMAL RIGHTS 10

III CITIES 15

IV CRIME 17

V EDUCATION 21

VI ENVIRONMENT 28

VIII Gender 32

IX GENETIC ENGINEERING 34

XI GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY 38

XIII HEALTH 41

XIV HOUSING AND ARCHITECTURE 44

XV LANGUAGE 45

XVI MONEY 46

XVII PERSONALITY 47

XVIII SPORT AND LEISURE 48

XIX TELEVISION, INTERNET, PHONES 50

XX TOURISM 53

XXI TRADITIONAL VS MODERN 54

XXII TRANSPORT 55

XXIII WATER 57

XXIV WORK 59

CHAPTER 3: GRAMMAR 63

I CONDITIONALS 63

II GERUNDS, PARTICIPLES, AND INFINITIVES 67

III INVERSION 69

IV PARAPHRASING 74

V RELATIVE CLAUSES 77

VI SENTENCES TYPES 83

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VII SO, SUCH THAT 91

VIII TENSES 93

IX THE COMPARATIVE - THE SUPERLATIVE 101

X The Passive Voice 108

CHAPTER 4: IELTS TYPES OF QUESTIONS 114

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Kì thi IELTS bao g m 4 k n ng: Nghe, c, Vi t và Nói, đ c chia ra thành 2 d ng là

Academic và General Training

Academic: dành cho đ i t ng h c sinh, sinh viên mong mu n h c b c đ i h c, sau đ i

General Training Reading

3 sections (2 sections đ u bao g m 2 bài đ c

ng n; t ng c ng 5 bài đ c), 40 câu, 60 phút

Academic Writing

2 tasks (task 1: nh n xét bi u đ ; task 2: vi t

bài ngh lu n), 60 phút

General Training Writing

2 tasks (Task 1: vi t th ; Task 2: vi t bài v n ngh lu n), 60 phút

Speaking

3 parts, 11 t i 14 phút

T ng th i gian

2 ti ng 44 phút

Trong bài thi vi t IELTS task 2, thí sinh ph i vi t m t bài v n ngh lu n dài ít nh t

250 ch v các ch đ mang tính h c thu t nh giáo d c, môi tr ng, xã h i, … Thí sinh

nên hoàn thành bài thi trong vòng 40 phút trên t ng 60 phút th i gian làm toàn b bài

vi t.(bao g m cho task 1 và task 2)

Bài thi đ c ch m trên b n tiêu chí nh sau:

- Task response

+ Vi t đúng ch đ và yêu c u c a đ

- Coherence and cohesion

+ Th hi n, s p x p và phát tri n ý t ng m t cách m ch l c, rõ ràng và h p lý

+ Có s d ng các t n i gi a các câu trong bài

- Vocabulary (lexical resources)

+ S d ng t v ng phù h p v i ch đ (topic vocabulary & collocations)

- Grammar

+ S d ng chính xác, phù h p và đa d ng câu lo i câu đ n, câu ph c và câu ghép cùng các đi m ng pháp khác

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 Các tiêu chí ch m đi m Writing task 2

Band Task Achievement Coherence and Cohesion Lexical Resource Grammatical Range and

Accuracy

9  fully addresses all parts of the

task

 presents a fully developed

position in answer to the

question with relevant, fully

extended and well supported

ideas

 uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention

 skilfully manages paragraphing

 uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features; rare minor

errors occur only as ‘slips’

 uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy; rare minor errors

occur only as ‘slips’

8  sufficiently addresses all parts

of the task

 presents a well-developed

response to the question with

relevant, extended and

 uses a wide range of vocabulary

 fluently and flexibly to convey precise meanings

 skilfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may

be occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocation

 produces rare errors in spelling and/or word formation

 uses a wide range of structures

 the majority of sentences are error-free

 makes only very occasional errors or inappropriacies

7  addresses all parts of the task

 presents a clear position

throughout the response

 presents, extends and supports

main ideas, but there may be a

tendency to overgeneralise

and/or supporting ideas may

lack focus

 logically organises information and ideas; there

is clear progression throughout

 uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use

 uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision

 uses less common lexical items with some awareness

of style and collocation

 may produce occasional errors in word choice,

 uses a variety of complex structures

 produces frequent error-free sentences

 has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make

a few errors

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 presents a clear central topic within each paragraph

spelling and/or word formation

6  addresses all parts of the task

although some parts may be

more fully covered than others

 presents a relevant position

although the conclusions may

become unclear or repetitive

 presents relevant main ideas but

some may be inadequately

developed/unclear

 arranges information and ideas coherently and there is

a clear overall progression

 uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical

 may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately

 uses paragraphing, but not always logically

 uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task

 attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy

 makes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not impede communication

 uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms

 makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication

5  addresses the task only

partially; the format may be

inappropriate in places

 expresses a position but the

development is not always clear

and there may be no

conclusions drawn

 presents some main ideas but

these are limited and not

sufficiently developed; there

may be irrelevant detail

 presents information with some organisation but there may be a lack of overall progression

 makes inadequate, inaccurate

or over use of cohesive devices

 may be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution

 may not write in paragraphs,

or paragraphing may be inadequate

 uses a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequate for the task

 may make noticeable errors

in spelling and/or word formation that may cause some difficulty for the reader

 uses only a limited range of structures

 attempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than simple sentences

 may make frequent grammatical errors and punctuation may be faulty; errors can cause some difficulty for the reader

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4  responds to the task only in a

minimal way or the answer is

tangential; the format may be

inappropriate

 presents a position but this is

unclear

 presents some main ideas but

these are difficult to identify

and may be repetitive,

irrelevant or not well supported

 presents information and ideas but these are not arranged coherently and there is no clear progression

in the response

 uses some basic cohesive devices but these may be inaccurate or repetitive

 may not write in paragraphs

or their use may be confusing

 uses only basic vocabulary which may be used repetitively or which may be inappropriate for the task

 has limited control of word formation and/or spelling;

errors may cause strain for the reader

 uses only a very limited range

of structures with only rare use

of subordinate clauses

 some structures are accurate but errors predominate, and punctuation is often faulty

3  does not adequately address

any part of the task

 does not express a clear

 may use a very limited range

of cohesive devices, and those used may not indicate

a logical relationship between ideas

 uses only a very limited range of words and expressions with very limited control of word formation and/or spelling

 errors may severely distort the message

 attempts sentence forms but errors in grammar and punctuation predominate and distort the meaning

2  barely responds to the task

 does not express a position

 may attempt to present one or

two ideas but there is no

 cannot use sentence forms except in memorised phrases

1  answer is completely unrelated

 cannot use sentence forms at all

0  does not attend

 does not attempt the task in any way

 writes a totally memorised response

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 IELTS TYPES OF QUESTIONS

N m d ng câu h i chính:

Types Writer’s

Discussion 0% Discuss both views What are the advantages and

disadvantages of this trend? Discussion +

Solution ~ What are the reasons/causes/… of this problem? What

measures can be done to solve it?

With the rise of e-books come the decline in paper books Some people see this as a good step forward while others do not What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend? [IELTS Liz]

Space exploration costs tax payer an exorbitant amount of money each year What are the advantages and disadvantages of spending money on space exploration? [IELTS Liz]

Discussion + Opinion

07/04/2018: Some people think the government funding should not be used for supporting art and culture, others think supporting cultural activities may be beneficial for the population and the culture Discuss both views and give your own opinion

03/03/2018: Some people think that newly built houses should follow the style of the old houses in the local areas Others think that people should have freedom to build houses

of their own style Discuss and give opinion

20/01/2018: Research shows that business meetings, discussions and training are happening online nowadays Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

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10/09/2016: Some people think that studying from the past teaches us nothing about

today’s life Others argue that the history is a value source of information Discuss both

views and give your opinion

Opinion

26/4/2018: It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill To what extent do you agree or disagree?

21/4/2018: Organized tour to remote areas and community is increasingly popular Is it

a positive or negative development for the local people and environment?

24/3/2018: Museums and art galleries should concentrate on works that show history and culture of their own country rather than works of the other parts in the world To what extent do you agree or disagree?

3/2/2018: The only way to improve safety of our roads is to give much stricter punishments on driving offenses What extent do you agree or disagree?

1/2/2018: Scientific research should be carried out and controlled by the governments rather than private companies Do you agree or disagree?

7/1/2017: Some universities offer online courses as an alternative to classes delivered

on campus Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

29/10/2016: In many countries, more and more people choose to buy imported food

rather than food produced locally Why people buy imported food? What could be done to encourage people to buy local food?

2-part question

24/2/2018: Nowadays, some employers think that formal academic qualifications are more important than life experience or personal qualities when they look for new employees Why is in this case? Is a positive or negative development

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10/2/2018: The tradition that family gets together to eat meals is disappearing What are the reasons? What are the impacts?

13/1/2018: People living in large cities face several problems What are these problems? Should governments encourage to move to smaller towns?

15/12/2016: Scientists believe that by studying behaviour of 3 years old children, we

can predict if that child can become criminal in the future To what extent is crime a product

of human nature? Is it possible to stop children from growing to be a criminal?

 M t s l i c n tránh trong bài vi t task 2

Thi u ch (Underlength):

1 Thí sinh nên vi t 260 – 280 ch trong bài vi t task 2 S ch trong bài s đ c giám

kh o đ m n u h cho là bài vi t thi u ch (d i 250 ch )

Bài vi t task 2 ng n h n 250 ch có th b tr x p x 0.5/9.0

2 No of words: s ch trong bài c a thí sinh

3 Penalty: s đi m b tr do thi u ch c a thí sinh

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Example: My grandmother advertised her house in the local newspaper

2 Modern business (n): Công vi c kinh doanh hi n đ i

Example: Advertising plays a decisive role in modern business

3 To inform customers about the products (v): thông báo cho ng i dùng v thông tin

s n ph m

Example: Ads inform customers about the products and the choices of shopping

they have

4 To lead to higher employment level/rate: d n đ n t l có vi c làm cao h n

Synonym: give rise to employment rate

Example: The growth of tourism leads to higher employment level among tour

guides

5 A form of modern art/entertainment

Synonym: a means of modern art

Example: Many people nowadays consider advertisements a form of modern art

6 To manipulate (v): đi u khi n

Definition: to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or

dishonestly

Example: Nowadays, advertisements are designed to manipulate consumers'

purchasing behavior

7 To persuade(v): thuy t ph c

Definition: to make someone do or believe something by giving them a good reason to

do it or by talking to that person and making them believe it

Example: men may be more difficult to persuade through advertising messages than

women

8 Brand image (n): hình nh th ng hi u

Definition: Brand Image is an image or impression the customers form about a

particular brand in their mind which is developed over a certain time period

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Synonym: brand identity

Example: Building a strong brand identity takes critical thinking and creative work

9 Glamorous (adj): thu hút/ h p d n

Definition: attractive in an exciting and special way

Example: Celebrities do not t just bring value to the viewers, but also make

the advertisement look glamorous

10 Consumer culture (n): v n hoá đ cao vi c mua và tiêu dùng hàng hoá

Definition: Consumer culture is a form of capitalism in which the economy is focused

on the selling of consumer goods and the spending of consumer money

Example: Scientists argue that our consumer culture has made most Americans overly

acquisitive and materialistic

11 To follow the latest trend (v): theo trào l u m i nh t

Synonym: to keep up with the latest trend

Example: advertising persuades youngsters to follow the latest fashion trend

12 Associate certain brands with a higher status

Synonym: associate certain brands with good quality

Example: Because of the effective marketing campaign, most people associate

this brand with a higher status

13 Advertisers (n): ng i qu ng cáo

Definition: a company, person, or organization that advertises a product or service Example: The website helps advertisers connect with potential customers by forming

partnerships with key social media influencers

14 Put pressure on (somebody) to (do some thing): t o áp l c lên ai đó đ …

Synonym: put (somebody) under pressure to (do something)

Definition: force or try to persuade somebody to do something:

Example: It should come as no surprise that 64% of parents feel their child puts

pressure on them to buy something they've seen on TV or in advertisements

15 To be regulated : b/ đ c ki m soát

Definition: controlled by rules or laws

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Example: Advertising of cigarettes is now one of the most highly regulated forms of

marketing

16 Display warnings: trình bày c nh báo

Synonym: show warnings

Example: Manufacturers and product sellers should be required to display

warnings and cautionary statements about potential hazards for children's toys and games

17 Legal ≠ illegal (adj): h p pháp≠ phi pháp

Definition: allows/not allowed by law

Example: The government has just launched a campaign to stop the illegal sale of

cigarettes to children under 16

18 Free market economy (n): n n kinh t th tr ng t do

Definition: an economic system where the government does not interfere in business

activity in any way

Example: In a free-market economy effective advertising is essential to a company's

survival, for unless consumers know about a company's product they are unlikely to buy it

19 Demand for something (n): c u/ nhu c u v

Definition: a need for something to be sold or supplied

Example: There was little demand for tickets

20 To censor(v): ki m duy t -> censorship (n)

Definition: to remove parts of something, such as a book, movie, or letter, that you do

not want someone to see or hear

Example: Government should take steps to censor advertisements being published in

local newspapers

II ANIMAL RIGHTS

1 Important scientific research(n): nghiên c u khoa h c quan tr ng

Definition: Application of scientific method to the investigation of relationships

among natural phenomenon, or to solve a medical or technical problem

Example: Tens of millions of animals are used around the world every year

in scientific research and testing

2 Do medical tests: ki m tra y khoa/ ki m tra s c kh e

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Definition: A medical test is a kind of medical procedure performed to detect,

diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes, susceptibility, and determine a course of treatment

Example: Medical tests on new drugs should be done before they are safe for human use

3 Animal testing / experimentation on animals (n): thí nghi m trên đ ng v t

Definition: Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal

research and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to

control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study

Example: While researchers say eliminating animal testing is impossible, they agree

there are alternatives that are less cruel

4 To advance medical and scientific knowledge: nâng cao ki n th c khoa h c và y t

Definition: improve medical and scientific knowledge

Example: It is also possible to say that animal testing help to advance medical and

scientific knowledge

5 Medical discovery (n): phát minh v y t

Definition: the process of finding new information in the field of medicine

Example: In recent years, the vast majority of medical discoveries have been achieved

through animal-based experiments

6 To minimize the suffering that animals experience(v): h n ch nh ng đau đ n mà

đ ng v t ph i tr i qua

Example: To help minimize the suffering that animals may experience while being

studied in the laboratory, researchers are required to follow a set of principles

7 Testing for the cosmetics industry: Ki m tra cho ngành công nghi p m ph m

Example: Testing for the cosmetics industry should be regulated as it involves animal

experimentation

8 To justify (v): ch ng minh là đúng/ bi n h

Definition: to show that something is reasonable, right, or true

Example: Scientists justify animal use in medical research because the benefits to

human health outweigh the costs or harms to animals

9 Alternative methods of research (n): ph ng pháp nghiên c u thay th

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Definition: a different research method

Example: Alternative methods of research should be employed to mitigate the pain

and suffering of laboratory animals

10 Have no moral right to (do something): không có quy n làm gì (v m t đ o đ c)

Example: Humans have no moral right to cause animals to suffer

11 A vegetarian(n): ng i n chay

Definition: a person who does not eat meat for health or religious reasons or because

they want to avoid being cruel to animals

Example: Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in this country ,

nearly two thirds are women

12 vegetarian diet (n): Ch đ n chay

Definition: a diet focusing on on plants for food

Example: A well-planned vegetarian diet is a healthy way to meet your nutritional

needs

13 For moral or health reasons: vì lý do đ o đ c và s c kh e

Example: A number of young people decided to reduce their meat consumption for

moral or health reasons

14 A healthy diet(n): ch đ n kh e m nh

Definition: A healthy diet is one that helps to maintain or improve overall health Example: A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid,

macronutrients, micronutrients, and adequate calories

15 To reduce the risk of disease (v): gi m nguy c b nh t t

Example: A healthy eating habit makes a substantial contribution to reduce the risk of

disease

16 To question (v): Nghi ng

Definition: to express doubts about something

Example: Japanese people usually question the safety of imported food

17 Treatment of animals (n): x lý đ i v i đ ng v t

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Example: Other significant changes included rising standards for the treatment of

animals by suppliers for fast-food chains and increasing public awareness of the abusive

practices of suppliers in countries such as China that lacked protective legislation

18 A balanced diet (n): Ch đ n cân b ng

Definition: A diet consisting of a variety of different types of food and providing

adequate amounts of the nutrients necessary for good health

Example: Eating a balanced vegetarian diet is an important part of maintaining a

Definition: A person who eat meat

Example: There are significant health differences between vegetarians and

meat-eaters, with the majority of the positive ones falling on the side of the plant-eaters

21 Animals are below humans in the food chain: đ ng v t n m phía d i trong chu i

th c n

Example: Many people believe that it is reasonable to live primarily on a meat-based

diet as animals are below humans in the food chain

22 Improve farming methods (v): c i ti n k thu t trong tr t

Synonym: improve agricultural methods

improve farming techniques/ practices

Example: By improving farming methods, farmers can increase productivity,

efficiency, and profitability as well as reduce malnutrition and enhance food security

23 Organic food (n): th c n h u c

Definition: Organic food is food produced by methods that comply with the standards

of organic farming Standards vary worldwide, but organic farming in general features practices that strive to cycle resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity

Example: There are a number of vegetarian restaurant in the city center that serve a

variety of vegan dishes and organic food

24 Play an important role in (v): đóng 1 vai trò quan tr ng trong…

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Synonym: play a crucial/ vital/ key role in…

Definition: Zoos play an important role in raising people's awareness for the need to

protect species and their habitats

25 Wildlife conservation (n): b o t n sinh v t hoang dã

Synonym: Wildlife protection

Definition: The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for

future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike

26 To protect endangered species (v): b o v các loài b đe d a

Example: Government should take the initiative to protect endangered species as

biodiversity is under enormous threat, and the extinction of many species is happening at an alarming rate

27 Job opportunity (n): c h i ngh nghi p

Synonym: career opportunity/ employment opportunity

Example: Job opportunities at zoological parks can be quite scarce as many

animal career seekers are interested in working with exotic wildlife

28 Artificial environment(n): môi tr ng nhân t o

Definition: An environment that is simulated or made by humans, not by nature

Example: While animals in the wild receive stimulus by interacting with their

environment as well as by seeking and consuming food, avoiding predators and finding mates, zoo animals in their controlled artificial environments lack these stimuli

29 Limited space(n): Không gian h n ch

Example: Zoos only offer limited space, which may not be enough for elephants to

thrive

30 Natural habitats (n): môi tr ng s ng t nhiên

Definition: The natural environment in which a species or group of species lives

Example: For over 40 years, visitors of Singapore Zoo have immersed themselves in

one the most beautiful settings in the world, where animals roam freely in open and natural habitats

31 Unethical (adj): trái đ o lý

Definition: Morally wrong and evil

Example: It is believed that keeping animals in zoos is unethical

32 For entertainment and profit: cho m c đích gi i trí và l i nhu n

Example: For entertainment and profit, zoo animals are treated in an unethical way

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III CITIES

1 Urbanization (n): đô th hóa

Definition: The process by which more and more people leave the countryside to live

in cities

Example: Rapid urbanization in Vietnam has brought both opportunities and

challenges to the country

2 In search of (something): tìm ki m…

Definition: Looking for, seeking

Example: More than 250 million migrants moved to the city in search of a better life

for their families

3 Greater employment possibilities(n): c h i vi c làm r ng m h n

Definition: better job opportunities

Example: There are greater employment opportunities for Vietnamese women in cities

than in the countryside

4 A higher standard of living(n): ch t l ng cu c s ng cao h n

Definition: the larger amount of money and better comfort people have in a particular

society

Example: As countries develop, workers move from rural to urban areas in search

of higher standards of living and greater employment opportunities

5 To migrate to cities from the countryside(v): di c t nông thôn lên thành ph

Definition: To moved from rural areas to urban areas

Example: Over the past three decades, about half a billion people migrated to cities from the countryside, seeking work in manufacturing and services as China developed its

special economic zones and export-oriented industries

6 Cost of living (n): chi phí sinh ho t

Definition: the amount of money that a person needs to live

Synonym: living expenses

Example: The cost of living in the United States will vary depending on which region

of the United States that you live in and whether you live in an urban, rural, or suburban area

7 Homelessness and poverty (n): vô gia c và nghèo đói

Definition: without home and being poor

Example: The authority should develop and implement policies designed to end urban

homelessness and poverty

A gap between rich and poor (n): kho ng cách giàu nghèo

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Definition: the difference between rich and poor

Example: The gap between rich and poor has increased in almost every region of the

world over the last four decades, according to a recent report

9 Traffic congestion (n): n n k t xe

Synonym: traffic jam/ traffic obstruction

Example: in recent decades, traffic congestion is considered one of the leading

transportation issues for metropolitan areas

10 To lack a sense of community (v): thi u s g n k t c ng đ ng

Definition: the feeling that you belong to a community

Example: Lacking a sense of community acts as a deterrent to mutual understanding

and social bonding in urban regions

11 concrete jungles (n): r ng bê tông

Definition: an ugly grey area of a city where people live in closely crowded apartment

buildings and there is little space and no trees or grass

Example: This park is one of the places where I can escape from the hustle and bustle

of the concrete jungle

12 Pedestrian Area/ pedestrian zone (n): khu/ đ ng dành cho ng i đi b

Synonym: pedestrianized street

Definition: Pedestrian zones are areas of a city or town reserved for pedestrian-only

use and in which most or all automobile traffic may be prohibited

Example: pedestrian zones are usually located in main areas of a city centre known

for leisurely activities

13 To build bicycle lanes (v): xây d ng đ ng đi dành cho xe đ p

Example: More bicycle lanes in the urban areas should be built to guarantee the safety

of cyclists

14 Dependence on cars (n): s ph thu c vào xe máy

Definition: the state of relying on cars to get around

Synonym: reliance on cars

Example: Greater dependence on cars results in more air contamination in world's

cities

15 Obesity (n): b nh béo phì-> obese (adj): béo phì

Definition: the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health

Example: Walking on a daily basis could reduce the overweight and obesity risk

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16 A resident (n): c dân -> residential area (n): khu dân c

Definition: a person who lives or has their home in a place

Synonym: a dweller, an inhabitant

Example: With the technology of information went deep into the traffic, urban residents would take convenience, economy, safety and comfort into deep

consideration before making the trip decisions

IV CRIME

1 Crime (n): t i ph m

Synonym: delinquency, wrongdoing, illegal activity

Example: Something must be done to reduce the level of crime in the area

2 Criminal (n): ng i ph m t i

Definition: someone who commits a crime

Synonym: offender= lawbreaker= wrongdoer= delinquent

Example: Enforcing stricter punishments would go against the motivation to commit crimes

3 Crime Prevention (n)/ to prevent crime (v): phòng ch ng t i ph m

Definition: Crime prevention includes all the activities that contribute to halting or

reducing crime as a social phenomenon

Synonym: Crime prevention is everyone's responsibility, not just law enforcement

4 Make communities safer(v): làm cho c ng đ ng an toàn h n

Synonym: to ensure the safety of communities/ ensure the security of communities Example: local residents can take steps to make communities safer by considering

strategies to engage youth in safety practices

5 Be in close contact with: gi liên l c/ lien h v i

Synonym: keep in close contact/touch with

Example: Local citizens should build positive relationships and be in close contact with the local authority

6 To drop out of school (v): b h c

Definition: Dropping out means leaving high school, college, university or another

group for practical reasons

Example: Because of the negative social and economic consequences of dropping out

of school, it is important that we identify factors that increase the risk of dropping out of

school

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7 Become involved with gangs (v): dính líu t i b ng đ ng t i ph m

Definition: become a part of a group of criminals who work together

Synonym: get involved with gang activities

Definition: the act of punishing someone

Example: Many people think that the death penalty is too severe a punishment for any

crime

10 A minor crime (n): t i ph m v t

Synonym: petty crime, minor offense

Example: Ignoring minor crimes such as littering and vandalism promotes a general

air of lawlessness that fosters more serious crime

11 To pose a threat to (v): gây nguy hi m cho…

Definition: to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty

Example: International drug trafficking has posed a threat to the national stability

12 To ensure the safety of (v): đ m b o an toàn cho

Synonym: guarantee the security of

Example: Police website provides informative safety tips and measures that citizens

can take to ensure safety of themselves and their loved ones

13 To re-offend (v): ph m t i l i

Definition: commit a further offense

Example: It is totally unacceptable that half of all adult offenders released from prison

reoffend within a year

14 A criminal record (n): lý l ch ph m t i

Definition: a record of a person's criminal history

Synonym: police record

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Example: They fired him when they found out he had a criminal record

15 Rehabilitation(n): s c i t o/ s ph c h i

Definition: the process of helping someone to return to a healthy or good way of life

after they have been in prison

Example: Rehabilitation program not only prevent crime, but are cost-effective and

practical

16 Receive education of vocational training: ti p nh n giáo d c d y ngh

Definition: providing prisoners with skills and education that prepare them for a job Example: Prisoners who receive education of vocational training are significantly less

likely to return to prison after release and are more likely to find employment than peers who do not receive such opportunities

17 Capital punishment (n): án t hình

Definition: punishment by death, as ordered by a legal system

Synonym: death penalty

Example: Capital punishment has been used as a method of crime deterrence since

the earliest societies

18 To deter (v): ng n ch n/ c n tr

Definition: to prevent or discourage someone from doing something

Example: There is no credible argument that the death penalty deters crime

19 To commit an offence(v): ph m t i

Synonym: commit a crime

Example: How social media is changing the way people commit offences and how

police fight it

20 To be tolerated: đ c khoan dung/ đ c tha th

Definition: To tolerate means to accept behavior and beliefs that are different

from your own, although you may not agree with or approve of them

Example: Many people believe that anti-social behaviors and crime should not be tolerated anywhere

21 A form of revenge (n): 1 cách tr thù

Definition: a type of harm done to someone as a punishment for harm that they have

done to someone else

Example: Some people mistakenly say justice is a form of revenge

22 The cost of imprisonment (n): chi phí c m t

Definition: imprisonment means the state of being imprisoned

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Synonym: The cost of incarceration

Example: It is estimated that the average cost of imprisonment in Vietnam will

increase substantially in the next two decades

23 Innocent people (n): ng i vô t i

Definition: people who are not guilty of a particular crime

Example: Innocent people do not deserve to be punished for acts they did not commit

24 To be wrongly convicted and executed: b k t án và x ph t sai

Definition:

- to convicted means to decide officially in a law court that someone is guilty of a

crime

- to execute means to kill someone as a legal punishment

Example: Although there are many laws and procedures in place to prevent it from

happening, the truth is that sometimes innocent people could be wrongly convicted and

executed of crimes they didn't commit

25 A deterrent (n): 1 s c n tr

Definition: something that deters people from doing something

Example: Tougher prison sentences may serve as a deterrent to other

would-be offenders

26 A violent culture(n): v n hóa b o l c

Definition: a culture in which violent activities and killing are encouraged

Example: It is believed that a violent culture breeds offenders and glorifies illegal

activities

27 To take somebody’s life: l y m ng/ gi t (ai đó)

Definition: to kill somebody

Example: Taking another human life could be considered morally unacceptable

28 Community service (n): d ch v ph c v c ng đ ng

Definition: work done without payment to help other people Criminals whose crime

was not serious enough for them to be put in prison are sometimes ordered to do community service

Example: The judge ordered him to pay a fine and perform 100 hours of community

service

29 To reform offenders (v): c i t o t i ph m

Definition: to make an improvement by changing offenders’ behaviour

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Example: The authority should put high priority on reforming offenders rather than

executing them

30 Prison overcrowding (n): quá t i nhà tù

Definition: Prison overcrowding is a social phenomenon occurring when the demand

for space in prisons in a jurisdiction exceeds the capacity for prisoners in the place

Example: Prison overcrowding is one of the key contributing factors to poor prison

conditions around the world

31 A sufficient punishment

Definition: a punishment which is severe enough

Example: A sufficient punishment for drug-related crime should be imposed

32 A victim (n): n n nhân

Definition: someone or something that has been hurt, damaged, or killed or

has suffered, either because of the actions of someone or something else

Example: the police should ensure that victims of crime receive the support and

protection they need

33 Mass media (n): truy n thô ng đ i chúng

Definition: the newspapers, magazines, television, and radio that reach large numbers

of people

Example: Public knowledge of criminals and crimes is predominantly obtained

from mass media

34 Sensational crime (n): t i ph m g t gân

Definition: crimes that shocks people and attracts their interest

Example: Television and movies direct audience’s attention to murder and more

sensational crimes

35 Fear of crime (n): n i s hãi t i ph m

Definition: The fear of crime refers to the fear of being a victim of crime

Example: Crime and fear of crime are significant matters of concern to communities

Example: Professional qualifications give learners the knowledge and skills they need

to progress in the workplace

2 To earn a higher salary (v): có l ng cao

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Example: University g raduates are more likely to earn a higher salary than those

without academic qulifications

3 To contribute positively to society (v): đóng góp tích c c cho xã h i

Synonym: to make a positive contribution to society

Example: Schools, universities and other academic institutions can contribute positively to society by educating and directing students

4 Moral values (n): giá tr đ o đ c

Definition: Moral values are the standards by which we define right and wrong

Example: Moral values must be taught and should be an indispensable part of our

education system

5 Tolerance (n)

Definition: willingness to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your

own , although you might not agree with or approve of them

Example: It's often said that a person's tolerance rises with their education level

6 A prestigious university (n): tr ng đ i h c danh ti ng

Definition: a very much respected and admired university

Synonym: internationally acclaimed university

Example: Students with outstanding academic performance are usually offered an

opportunity to directly to enroll in prestigious universities

7 Better job opportunities (n): c h i vi c làm t t h n

Synonym: Increase employment opportunities/ Improve future career prospects

Example: A foreign degree from a prestigious university makes your CV stand out

and open the door to better job opportunities

8 To broaden students’ horizons (v): m r ng t m hi u bi t

Definition: To have a new experience

Synonym: broaden students’ knowledge

Example: A growing number of students are heading overseas to study and broaden their horizons

9 An overseas student (n): du h c sinh

Definition: Foreign students are those who travel to a country different from their own

for the purpose of tertiary study

Synonym: an international student

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Example: Celebrated as one of the sunniest countries and fastest advancing economies

in the world, Australia has become a popular destination for overseas students

10 Language barrier (n): rào c n ngôn ng

Definition: a barrier to communication between people who are unable to speak a

common language

Example: Overcoming the language barrier is probably the most obvious of the

challenges of studying abroad

11 Accommodation(n): ch

Definition: a place to live or stay, especially on holiday or for students at college

Example: Finding accommodation is one of the scariest parts of going on exchange or

studying abroad

12 An unfamiliar culture (n): n n v n hóa l

Definition: a culture that you have not previously experienced or known

Example: Living in a foreign country allows students to experience unfamiliar cultures

and meet people from all walks of life, which help to shape them into interesting

individuals

13 Homesickness (n): nh nhà

Definition: unhappy because of being away from home for a long period

Example: Culture shock can be more than a feeling of homesickness, it can lead to

symptoms such as nausea, frustration, extreme tiredness and confusion

14 To take distance learning courses: h c các khóa h c t xa

Synonym: to take distance-education courses

Example: As busy people realize they need more education, they increasingly opt

to take distance learning courses

15 To be proficient in (adj): thành th o v

Definition: skilled and experienced

Example: In modern society, high tech gadgets might prevent youngsters from being proficient in some basic skills such as communication, organization and time management

16 To be no substitute for: không th thay th cho

Definition: used for saying that nothing else is good or useful enough to replace

something

Example: It's absolutely true that technology can never replace teachers Digital and

e-learning is no adequate substitute for face-to-face education

17 An institution(n): t ch c/ tr ng h c

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Definition: a large and important organization, such as a university or bank

Example: The university's exchange scheme has cemented its links with many

other academic institutions

18 To supplement (something) with (something): b sung …vào…

Definition: to add something to something to make it larger or better

Example: The decision to supplement traditional teaching methods with the use of

computer technology was reconsidered due to the lack of sufficient financial resources

19 To work from an early age (v): làm vi c khi còn nh tu i

Example: Poverty in rural and remote communities drives children to work from an early age instead of having access to formal education

20 To have access to (something): ti p c n v i

Definition: to be allowed to use or receive something

Synonym: to gain access to (something)

Example: According to UNICEF's 2012 report, all children must have access to

primary education that is free, compulsory and of good quality

21 Literacy rate (n) ≠ Illiteracy rate (n): t l bi t ch / t l mù ch

Definition: the percentage of people who are able to read and write

Example: Over the past several decades, the main reasons for an upward trend in

global literacy rates stems from the evolution of the educational system of many

developing countries, and an increased acknowledgement of the importance of education to these societies

22 The key to (V-ing) / The key to (something)

Definition: the best or only way to achieve something

Example: Education is the key to providing people with the hope and the tools to lead

their societies into long-term prosperity

23 To make (something) compulsory for …: b t bu c

Synonym: To make (something) mandatory for…

Example: Mathematics should be made compulsory for everyone aged 16 to 18

whether they are doing A-levels in humanities or training courses to become beauticians or plumbers, according to leading scientists

24 To become increasingly knowledge-based: d trên tri th c

Definition: Founded on an accumulation of facts or information

Example: The economy has become increasingly knowledge-based, creating a

greater reliance on intellectual capital rather than physical inputs

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25 A skilled worker(n): lao đ ng lành ngh

Definition: A skilled worker is any worker who has special skill, training, knowledge,

and (usually acquired) ability in their work

Example: Vietnamese economy is coming under pressure from many sides, including

a shortage of skilled workers in critical occupations and high dependency on cheap labour, which discourages investment in innovation

26 Repetitive manual job (n): công vi c chân tay l p đi l p l i

Definition: physical work which is done repetitively by people

Example: People with little or no education were resigned to doing repetitive manual

jobs, which are now done by machine

27 A healthy economy (n): n n kinh t kh e m nh

Example: A strong education system is the key to a healthy economy

28 Service profession (n): ngành ngh d ch v

Synonym: service-related job

Example: University graduates are often well-prepared by their university education

for their future service professions

29 Isolated area (n): vùng cách bi t/ xa xôi (so v i trung tâm)

Synonym: remote area

Example: Home-schooling improves the educational outcomes and opportunities for

students who are disadvantaged because they live in isolated areas

30 Discipline problem (n): v n đ v k lu t

Definition: problem related to training or controlling students

Example: Discipline problems in America's public schools are serious, pervasive and

are compromising student learning

31 A private tutor (n): giáo viên kèm riêng

Definition: A private teacher who teaches a child outside of school, especially in order

to give the child extra help with a subject they find difficult

Example: Hiring a private tutor is generally more expensive because of the quality of

the experience, but you end up saving on your daily commutes to tuition centres

32 To get on with each other (v): hòa đ ng v i

Definition: to have a friendly relationship with somebody

Example: It is important for students to get on with each other as well as build

relationships with teachers

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33 Educational experience (n): tr i nghi m h c t p

Definition: refers to any interaction, course, program, or other experience in

which learning takes place

Synonym: learning experience

Example: The Internet has transformed educational possibilities Homeschoolers now

have access to many online tools to aid their educational experience

34 A disruptive student (n): h c sinh hay gây r i

Definition: a student whose behavior disrupts the educational process

Example: Although some disruptive students may have emotional or mental, they are

held to the same standards of conduct as all other students

35 An unstable family background: gia đình không n đ nh

Example: An unstable family background acts as a deterrent for children to thrive in

school and in life

36 Lenient (parents) (adj): hi n h u/ d tính

Definition: not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected

Synonym: permissive parents

Example: A recent study found that adolescents with lenient parents achieved less at

school and were more likely to engage in self-destructive activities, like drug or alcohol use

37 To spoil (v): làm h

Definition: to treat someone very or too well, especially by being extremely generous

Example: Parents who spoil their children are creating a generation of pupils who

challenge teachers and throw tantrums in class

38 A clear code of conduct (n): quy t c ng x rõ ràng

Definition: a clear set of rules about how to behave and do business with other

people:

Definition: The clear code of conduct is essential in order to provide rules and regulations to

govern student behavior during school

39 To take responsibility for (v): ch u trách nhi m v

Synonym: to be held accountable for

Example: Students should be encouraged to take more responsibility for their

learning

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40 Corporal Punishment (n): hình ph t v than th

Definition: Corporal punishment or physical punishment is a punishment intended to

cause physical pain on a person It is most often practiced on minors, especially in home and school settings

Synonym: Physical punishment

Example: Some people believe that corporal punishment is the most effective way of

maintaining school discipline and dealing with juvenile crime

41 Single-sex school (n): tr ng toàn nam/ toàn n

Definition: is the practice of conducting education where male and female students

attend separate classes or in separate buildings or schools

Synonym: Single-sex education, single-gender education

Example: It is suggested by some educators that single-sex schools can broaden the

educational prospects for both girls and boys

42 Children’s social development: s phát tri n v m t xã h i c a tr em

Definition: Social development is about improving the well-being of every child in

society so they can reach their full potential

Example: Coeducational schools grant young students a golden opportunity to interact

and socialize with students of the opposite sex, which could help encourage children’s

social development

43 Coeducational schools (n): tr ng có c nam và n

Definition: having male and female students being taught together in the same school

rather than separately

Synonym: mixed-sex environment

Example: Many people suppose that coeducational schools provide the best

environment for students to enhance their learning experiences

44 Academic ability (n): kh n ng h c thu t

Example: Grouping students based on their academic ability can be implemented in

regular and special education classrooms

45 To damage students’ self esteem: làm t n h i long t tr ng c a h c sinh

Definition: damage students’ belief and confidence in their own ability and value:

Example: Streaming is believed to damage students' self- esteem and attitudes as

students are under pressure when being compared to more advanced and fast-paced ability groups

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VI ENVIRONMENT

1 Greenhouse effect (n): hi u ng nhà kính

Definition: the natural process by which the sun warms the surface of the Earth

Example: Our burning of fossil fuels is increasing the greenhouse effect and making

the Earth hotter, endangering all life on the planet

2 Emissions and exhaust fumes(n): khí th i

Definition: strong, unpleasant, and sometimes dangerous gas or smoke

Example: Emissions and exhaust fumes produced by factories and vehicles are the

main causes of global

3 Melting of the polar ice caps (n): s tan ch y bang c c

Example: Over the past two decades, the melting ice caps are raising sea levels at an

accelerating rate

4 Extreme weather conditions (n): đi u ki n th i ti t kh c nghi t

Definition: Extreme weather includes unexpected, unusual, unpredictable severe or

unseasonal weather; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution

Synonym: extreme weather events

Example: Scientists has claimed that the increase in emissions and exhaust fumes

could double the risk of extreme weather conditions

5 To put pressure on (v): gây áp l c lên

Definition: to make demands on someone; to try to get someone to do something Example: Over-consumption and non-sustainable development can all put increased pressure on the environment to provide the resources such as enough arable land and fresh

water

6 To destroy wildlife habitats(v): tàn phá môi tr ng t nhiên

Definition: to destroy the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually

lives

Synonym: habitat destruction

Example: Human activities have negatively influenced the ecosystem, destroying

wildlife habitats

7 The extinction of many species of animals and plants: s tuy t ch ng c a nhi u loài

đ ng v t và cây c i

Example: Overpopulation and Industrialization could result in high risks

for extinction of endangered species of animals and plants

8 Renewable energy (n): n ng l ng có th tái t o đ c

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Definition: energy is renewable when it source, like the sun or wind, cannot be

exhausted or can easily be replaced (like wood, as we can plant trees for energy)

Example: More funding is required from government funds to help companies to

develop renewable energy, such as companies which produce solar panels for buildings

9 Non-biodegradable plastics packaging (n): bao bì nh a không phân h y sinh h c

Definition: non-biodegradable plastics cannot be changed to a harmless natural state

by the action of bacteria, and may therefore damage the environment

Example: Non-biodegradable plastics packaging poses a threat to the environment

since the material takes thousands of years to break down

10 A landfill site (n)

Definition: A landfill site is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial

Example: scientists have claimed that living near a landfill site can increase the risk of

lung cancer and other respiratory diseases

11 The consequences of dropping rubbish(n): h u qu c a vi c x rác

Synonym: the consequence of littering

Example: The consequences of dropping rubbish could be catastrophic

12 To put legal limits on (something): đ a ra gi i h n pháp lý đ i v i

Definition: the maximum amount of something that is allowed by law

Example: The local authority has just put legal limits on the amount of

waste generated by factories and households in an attempt to minimize environmental degradation

13 An over-packaged product (n): s n ph m đóng gói quá nhi u

Definition: Over-packaged products are wrapped in more material than is needed or is

wanted

Example: Some people refuse to buy products that are overpackaged, because

they feel that it is harmful to the environment

14 A nuclear power station (n): nhà máy h t nhân

Definition: A nuclear power station is a thermal power station in which the heat

source is a nuclear reactor As is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a generator that produces electricity

Synonym: A nuclear power plant

Example: Nuclear power stations emit relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide

(CO2) The emissions of green house gases and therefore the contribution of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little

15 A sustainable energy source (n): ngu n n ng l ng b n v ng

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Definition: Sustainable energy sources are often regarded as including all renewable

sources (naturally replenished) such as sunlight, wind, rain, and geothermal heat

Example: There are many forms of sustainable energy sources that can be

incorporated by countries to stop the use of fossil fuels

16 An opponent (n): ng i ch ng đ i

Definition: a person who disagrees with something and speaks against it or tries to

change it

Example: Both supporters and opponents of nuclear power agree that high-level

radioactive waste must be isolated from the environment lest it injure human beings and other creatures

17 Nuclear waste disposal (n): x lý ch t th i h t nhân

Definition: The act of getting rid of unwanted, dangerously radioactive material that is

made when producing nuclear power

Example: Nuclear waste disposal is extremely hazardous and is often an argument

against the use of nuclear reactors

18 Decontaminate radioactive material (n): kh trùng ch t phóng x

Definition:to make (an object or area) safe for unprotected personnel by

removing, neutralizing, or destroying any harmful substance, such as radioactive material

Example: Many industrialized countries are in search of an effective way to decontaminate radioactive material

VII FAMILY

1 A nuclear family (n): gia đình ch có cha m và con cái

Definition: A family that consists of only a father, mother and their children

Example: In modern times, the most common family structure is the nuclear family

2 An extended family (n): đ i gia đình (g m có c ông bà/ h hàng…)

Definition: A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents,

aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household

Example: In 1996, 21% of all people were living as a part of an extended family

3 A nanny/ babysitter(n): ng i trông tr

Definition: someone who takes care of your baby or child while you are out, usually

by coming to your home, especially someone you pay to do this

Example: Many working parents are in search of a prompt, reliable and highly

organized nanny to take care of their adorable little children

4 The lack of closeness in families: thi u s g n g i trong gia đình

Synonym: The lack of family intimacy

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Example: The lack of closeness in families might exacerbate the generation gap

between parents and their children

5 Peer pressure(n): áp l c t b n bè

Definition: Peer pressure (or social pressure) is the direct influence on people by

peers, or the effect on an individual who gets encouraged to follow their peers by changing their attitudes, values or behaviors to conform to those of the influencing group or individual

Example: Peer pressure can open the door to bullying, self-doubt, negative body

image, self-harm and suicide

6 Juvenile delinquency (n): t i ph m v thành niên

Definition: criminal activity by people under 18 years old

Synonym: juvenile offending/ youth crime

Example: Parents fight, lack of trust and confidence among the parents and criminal

parents can be the most important reasons behind juvenile delinquency

7 To be more involved with/ in: liên quan nhi u h n vào…

Definition: To establish in an association with something or some organization

Example: Recent studies have shown that kids are less likely to skip school, less

disruptive in class, and more likely to do their homework when their parents are more

involved in their children’s education

8 Children’s upbringing (n): nuông n ng con cái

Definition: the way in which children are treated and educated when young, especially

by their parents

Example: Both husband and wife have vital role to play in children’s upbringing

9 A role model (n): t m g ng t t (đ h c h i theo)

Definition: a person who someone admires and whose behaviour they try to copy

Example: Parents serve as role models not only through direct interactions with their

children, but through the Examples they set with their attitude and behavior within the

family and in the outside world

10 Socially acceptable (adj): đ c xã h i ch p nh n

Definition: generally accepted by the main stream population as normal

Example: As divorce has become more socially acceptable, unhappy couples in

America are no longer subject to cultural pressures to stay together

11 A lone parents (n): cha/m đ n thân

Definition: a parent who is not married and does not have a partner

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Synonym: sole parent/ single parent

Example: If women knew how hard it is to be a lone parent on a low income, they

might think twice about having children

12 Face financial difficulties (v): khó kh n v tài chính

Synonym: Face financial problems

Example: Financial difficulties are the most pervasive problems of low-income single

parents

13 A single-parent family (n)

Definition: Single-parent families are families with children under age 18 headed by a

parent who is widowed or divorced and not remarried, or by a parent who has never married

Example: One of the most striking changes in family structure over the last twenty

years has been the increase of single parent families

14 Old people (n): ng i già

Synonym: elderly people/ elderly parents/ elderly relatives/ senior citizens

Example: China has the fastest-ageing population in human history but the state

provides very little support for old people

15 To provide a professional service for (v): cung c p d ch v cho…

Example: Providing professional services for poor senior citizens have been the

responsibility of both the government and charitable organizations

16 Family situation (n): hoàn c nh gia đình

Synonym: family circumstance

Example: Elderly people should be subsidized by the government according to their

family situations in order to improve their quality of life

VIII Gender

1 Educational opportunity (n): c h i h c t p

Synonym: learning opportunity

Example: It is widely accepted that educational opportunities for children ought to be

equal, regardless of gender, social class or family background

2 To discriminate against (v): phân bi t đ i x

Definition: to treat a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a

worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin colour or sex

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Example: A strong education system, in line with the principle of non-discrimination,

is key for redressing gender injustice in wider society, and for overcoming social and

cultural norms that discriminate against girls and women

3 To be irrelevant in (adj): không liê n quan đ n…

Definition: not related to what is being discussed or considered and therefore not

important

Example: Gender seems to be irrelevant in the chances of achieving a perfect score

at school

4 Individual merit (n): giá tr cá nhân

Synonym: Individual worth

Example: In order to create equal and supportive environments for both male and

female students, hard work and individual merit should take priority over gender and nationality

5 To be restricted to (something): b gi i h n vào…

Definition: To be limited, especially by official rules, laws

Example: In traditional society, girls and women were restricted to domestic duties,

which limited their chances to access to educational opportunities

6 To bring up one’s children (v): nuôi n ng con cái

Definition: To bring up means to raise; this is what you do as a parent with your

children; you educate them, nurture them, etc

Example: It has long been believed that bringing up children is a female

responsibility

7 A breadwinner (n): ng i tr c t trong gia đình

Definition: The member of a family who earns the money that the family needs

Example: Men are often expected to be the breadwinner in a family

8 Maternity leave (n): ngh thai s n

Definition: a period in which a woman is legally allowed to be absent from work in

the weeks before and after she gives birth

Example: Vietnamese female workers are offered up to 26 weeks maternity leave,

above the average level of 12-13 weeks seen in Southeast Asia, according to the International Labor Organization

9 Pregnancy (n): s mang thai

Definition: (of a woman and some female animals) having a baby or babies

developing inside the womb

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Example: Experts say women will continue to delay childbirth to advance careers,

coming to term with pregnancy later and later in life

10 Parenting and domestic responsibilities(n): ngh a v làm cha m và trách nhi m

trong vi c nhà

Example: In two-parent families, parenting and household responsibilities are

shared more equally when both the mother and the father work full time than when the father is employed full time and the mother is employed part time or not employed

11 To contribute equally to (v): đóng góp nh nhau vào…

Synonym: To make equal contribution to

Example: Although the women work inside as well as outside the house and

also contribute equally to the family income, and control family expenses, their status is still

secondary in Asian society

12 Paternity leave (n): phép ngh c a ng i cha (khi có con m i sinh)

Definition: a period of time that a father is legally allowed to be away from his job so

that he can spend time with his new baby

Example: He was on paternity leave after the birth of his son

IX GENETIC ENGINEERING

1 Genetic engineering (n): k thu t di truy n

Definition: Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology

Example: Since its introduction four decades ago, genetic engineering has been a

source of high hopes for health, agriculture, and industry

2 To manipulate (v): ki m soát/ đi u khi n

Definition: to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or

dishonestly

Example: Genetic engineering is the techniques scientists use to manipulate DNA,

which allows us to increase crop yields, diagnose illnesses, develop vaccines, and manufacture insulin

3 To be resistant to (adj): kháng l i…

Definition: not easily changed or damaged, or not accepting of (something)

Example: Genetic engineering allows scientists a method to produce crops and

livestock that are more resistant to insects and diseases

4 Inherited illness(n): b nh di truy n

Definition: a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically

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New Insight English Hotline: 0967.946.617 Website: www.newinsightenglish.edu.vn Synonym: inherited disorder

Example: Genetic engineering is hoped to provide a new measure to

eliminate inherited illnesses

5 Human’s genetic characteristics (n): các đ c tính di truy n c a con ng i

Example: With the advances in genetic engineering, it would be possible to modify

human’s genetic characteristics in the upcoming years

6 To cure a disease (v): ch a b nh

Definition: to make someone with an illness healthy again

Synonym: to treat a disease

Example: Scientists have developed a new form of genetic engineering with the

potential to cure a variety of serious diseases that would otherwise require lifelong

treatment

7 An ethical concern (n): lo ng i v v n đ đ o đ c

Definition: A problem or situation that requires a person or organization to choose

between alternatives that must be evaluated as right (ethical) or wrong (unethical)

Synonym: moral issue

Example: The genetic engineering of animals has increased significantly in recent

years, and the use of this technology brings with it ethical concerns, some of which relate to animal welfare

9 Organ replacements (n): thay th n i t ng

Synonym: Organ transplantation

Example: To cope with a growing shortage of hearts, livers, and lungs suitable

for organ replacements, some scientists are genetically engineering pigs, while others

are growing organs in the lab

10 Genetically-Modified foods (n): th c ph m bi n đ i gen

Definition: Genetically modified foods or GM foods, also known as genetically

engineered foods or bioengineered foods, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering

Example: About half of Americans think genetically modified foods (GMOs) are

neither better for your health nor worse, according to a 2016 Pew Research Center survey

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