Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 tiếng anh (siêu hay)

I. Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others in each group. (5 points)1.A. climate B. comicC. hikeD. website2.A. workedB. laughedC. hopedD. naked3.A. cover B. category C. ancientD. decorate4.A. erupt B. humor C. UFOD. communicate5.A. Buddhish B. bomb C. viableD. bulbII. Choose the word ( A, B, C or D) whose main stress pattern is not the same as that of the others. (5 points)1. A. comprise B. depend C. design D. novel2. A. tropical B. collection C. tendency D. charity3. A. friendliness B. occasion C. pagoda D. deposit4. A. importing B. specific C . impolite D. important5. A. federation B. unpolluted C. disappearing D. profitableB. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR (35 POINTS)I. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. (10 points) 1. All the sentences below use “the”, which is the correct one?A. Can you pass the sugar please? B. The crime is a problem in many big cities.C. The apples are good for you. D. I love the skiing.2. Our friends have lived in Ho Chi Minh city_______ 2002.A. for B. since C. in D. about3. He prefers soccer______ tennis.A. from B. than C. to D. or4. If they worked more carefully, they _____ so many mistakes.A. won’t make B. don’t make C. wouldn’t make D. didn’t make5. He _______to his friend’s party when his parents asked him to go home.A. goes B. was going C. went D. has gone6. There’s a strange man behind us. I think ______.A. we are followed B. we are being followedC. we are being following D. we are following7. Which of the following is the strongest advice?A. You should get a hair cut. B. If I were you, I’d get a haircut.C. You ought to get a hair cut. D. You really must get a hair cut.8. ________ you mind if I use your dictionary? A. Will B. Do C. Can D. Did9. Mr. Vo Van Kiet, _______ was our former Prime Minister, was born in Vinh Long.A. that B. whose C. Who D. whom10. All that rubbish will have to be ________ at once.A. get rid of B. got rid of C. got rid D. getting rid ofII. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the following sentences. (10 points)1. My friend was (make)_____ (pay)_______ back the book.2. Hardly he (take) ________ up the book when the phone (ring) ________.3. Can you imagine what I (come) _______ across when I (roll) ________ up the carpet yesterday?4. If she wins the prize, it (be) __________because she (write) ______very well.5. He resented (ask) ______ (wait) _______. He had expected the minister to see him at once.III. Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete each sentence. (10 points)1. A lot of toys encourage children’s_________. (imagine)2. The factory has provided cheaper__________ lately. (produce)3. Burning coal is an _______ way of heating a house. Gas is much cheaper. (economy)4. According to some scientists the earth is losing its outer atmosphere because of_____. ( pollute)5. She has one of the biggest art________ in Britain. ( collect)6. __________ has caused many socalled manmade disasters. (forest)7. __________ often walk through the streets shouting or singing about something they sell. (cry)8. Gas and oil________ always increases in cold weather. (consume)9. The police are interested in the sudden________ of the valuable painting. (appear)10. He claimed that his___________ had caused him to become a criminal. (bring up)IV. Each of the following sentences has four words or phrases underlined. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, D. You are to identify the one underlined word or phrase that should be corrected or rewritten. (5 points)1. Preserving natural resources mean reserving them for our future. A B C D2. Despite of the increase in air fares, most people still prefer to travel by plane. A B C D3. Regardless of your teaching method, the objective of any conversation class should be for A B students to practice speaking words. C D4. The injured man was taken to the hospital.A B C D5. In order for one to achieve the desired results in this experiment, it is necessary that he work as fastly as possible.A B C D C. READING (30 POINTS)I. The reading is followed by several questions about it. There are four possible answers (A, B, C, or D) for each question. Choose the best answer. (15 points) BENJAMIN FRANKLINFew people can embody the spirit of early America as much as Benjamin Franklin. He lived through almost the whole of the eighteenth century, being born six years after, and dying ten years before it ended. In this time he saw the American colonies grow from tiny settlements into a nation, and he also contributed much to the development of the new state.At the age of 17 Franklin ran away to Philadelphia. He had already received some training as a printer’s apprentice, and this helped him seven years later, with his first publication, the Pennsylvania Gazette. He also received a contract to do government printing work, which helped him to rise from his poor background to become a successful entrepreneur. Some of his experience in business was shared in his famous Poor Richard’s Almanak, which established his reputation throughout the American colonies. In another of his works, the Autobiography, which was written toward the end of his life, he shows the same quiet common sense.He was deeply interested in science and natural history, and his experiments with electricity and lightning led directly to the invention of the lightning rod. He was also interested in improving the conditions of his fellow men. He was involved in a number of projects in his native Philadelphia, including the setting up of a library, a university, a philosophical society, and–because he was a pragmatic man–a fire prevention service. In 1753 he became Postmaster–General of the colonies. Through this experience he began to develop the idea that the colonies of North America should be a single nation. Later, he went to London to try to persuade the British government to change the conditions, especially the taxes, that later led the American colonists into rebellion.Whatever Benjamin Franklin’s personal feelings about the rebellion of the American states, he worked hard to make it succeed. As ambassador to France, he encouraged the French to help George Washington. After the war he attended the American constitutional congress. This was his last contribution, for he died later that year. He is still fondly remembered by Americans as one of the creators of the United States.1. What is a good description for this text?A. An autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. B. The life of Benjamin Franklin.C. The works of Benjamin Franklin. D. Franklin and American Independence.2. When was Benjamin Franklin born? A. 1806 B. 1794 C. 1717 D. 17063. Which of these happened first?A. Franklin trains as a painter. B. Franklin runs away to Philadelphia.C. the American colonies rebel D. Franklin starts his first publication.4. What was Poor Richard’s Almanak about?A. Franklin’s reputation. B. How to succeed in business.C. how to do government printing. D. The text does not say.5. In which countries did Franklin live?A. England and France. B. Philadelphia and England.C. London and America. D. England, America and France.II. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). (15 points)SAVING THE TIGER.In 1973, when the tiger appeared to (0) be facing extinction, the World Wide Fund for nature and __(1)____ Indian Government agreed to set ___(2)__ “Operation Tiger” – a campaign __(3)___ save this threatened creature. They started by creating nine special parks ___ (4) ___ that tigers could live in safety. The first was at Ramthambhore , a region ___(5)__ was quickly turning into a desert __(6)__ too much of the grass was being eaten by the local people’s cattle. At the time there ____(7)__ just fourteen tigers left there. The government had to clear twelve small villages, which means moving nearly 1,000 people and 10,000 cattle so the land __ (8) __ be handed back to nature.Today, Ramthambhore is a very different place, with grass tall ___(9)___ for tigers to hide in, and There are now at _(10)___ forty of them __(11)__ the park, wandering freely about. Other animals have also benefited. For example, there are many ___(12)____ deer and monkeys than before. The people __(13)__ were moved are now living in better conditions. They live in new villages away __(14)___ the tiger park, with schools, temples and fresh water supplies. There are now sixteen such tiger parks in India and the animals’ future looks ___ (15)____ little safer. D. WRITING (25 POINTS)I. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the sentence printed before it, begin with the given word(s) or phrase. (20 points)1. You should review your lessons for the exam. It’s time____________________________________________________________2.That man used to work with me when I lived in New York.That’s ____________________________________________________________3.What a pity they close the shops at lunch time.I wished ____________________________________________________________4. We like ice cream but we don’t have it every day.Although ___________________________________________________________5.When did you start working in that factory?How long ___________________________________________________________6.Oil was slowly covering the sand of the beach. The sand ___________________________________________________________ 7. “ Where’ s the station car park?” Mrs. Smith asked. Mrs. Smith asked ____________________________________________________ 8. He was sorry he hadn’t said goodbye to her at the airport. He regretted _________________________________________________________ 9. I advise you not to buy that car. If _________________________________________________________________ 10. Why don’t you ask her yourself? I suggest that _______________________________________________________II. Make full sentences based on given cues. (5 points) 1.If you not go the party I go either.2.Unless I have quiet room I not able do work.3.nurse kind enough help him walk.4.He rather spend holidays a farm seaside.5.I return visit Japan. It wonderful trip.THE END(Đề thi gồm 04 trang)Họ và tên thí sinh: ……………………………………….. Số báo danh: ……………..ĐÁP ÁN CHUYÊN 10 (20092010)A.PHONETICS(10pts)I. Choose the word in each that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others in each group.(5pts) ( mỗi câu viết đúng được 1đ)1. B2. D3. C4. A5. BII. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is not the same as that of the others.(5pts)( mỗi câu viết đúng được 1đ)1. D2. B3. A4. C5. DB.VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR(35pts)1. A2. B3. C4. C5. B6. B7. D8. B9. C10. BI. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.(10pt)s( mỗi câu viết đúng được 1đ)II. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the following sentences. (10pts)(( mỗi câu viết đúng được 1đ)1.made to pay 3. came – was rolling2.had he taken – rang 4. will be – writes 5. being asked – to waitIII. Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete each sentence.(10pts)( mỗi câu viết đúng được 1đ, nếu viết đượcc từ nhưng thiếu “s” thì từ đó vẫn không được tính điểm)1. imagination2. products3. uneconomical uneconomic 4. pollution5. collections6. Deforestation7. Criers8. consumption9. disappearance re appearance10. upbringingIV. Each of the following sentences has four words or phrases underlined. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, D. You are to identify the one underlined word or phrase that should be corrected or rewritten.(5pt) (mỗi câu viết đúng được 1đ)1. B2. A3. D4. D5. C C. READING (30PTS)I. The reading is followed by several questions about it. There are four possible answers (A, B, C, or D) for each question. Choose the best answer.(15pts) ( mỗi câu viết đúng được 3đ)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. DII. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0) (15pts) (( mỗi câu viết đúng được 1đ)1. the 2. up3. to4.so5. thatwhich6. sinceas becausefor7. were8. mightcould9. enough10. least11. in12. more13. who that14. from15. aC.WRITING (25pts)I. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the sentence printed before it, begin with the given word(s) or phrase.(20pts( mỗi câu viết đúng được 2đ)1.(It’s time) you reviewed your lessons for the exam.2.(That’s) the man who used to work with me when I lived in New York.3.(I wish) they would open the shops at lunch time Or. (I wished) they wouldn’t close the shops at lunch time.4.(Although) we like ice cream, we don’t have it everyday.5.(How long) have you been working in that factory?6.( The sand) of the beach was being slowly covered by oil.7.( Mrs. Smith asked) (me) where the station carpark was.8.(He regretted) not saying having said goodbye to her at the airport.9.(If I) were you, I wouldn’t by that car.10.(I suggest that) you (should) ask her yourself.II. Make full sentences based on given cues. (5 points) ( mỗi câu viết đúng được 1đ)1.If you don’t go to the party, I won’t go either.2.Unless I have a quiet room, I will not won’t be able to do my homework any work.3.The nurse is was kind enough to help him (to) walk.4.He would rather spend his holidays on a farm than at the seaside.5.I have (just) returned from a visit to Japan. It was a wonderful trip.Tổng số điểm 100.Sau khi chấm giám khảo quy về thang điểm 10.Cách làm tròn điểm; ( ví dụ) 7,1 7,0 7,2; 7,3 7,25 7,4; 7,6 7,5 7,7; 7,8 7,75 7,9 8,0SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10 CHUYÊN QUỐC HỌC THỪA THIÊN HUẾ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 20072008 ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC Thời gian làm bài : 150 phút (Đề thi gồm có 6 trang Học sinh làm bài trên đề thi này) Tổng điểm:Giám khảo 1:Giám khảo 2:Mã phách:I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY ( 35 points)Part 1: Choose the best answer among A,B,C or D. (15 points) 1. My mother used to ………. research in this library when she was a student.A. makeB. doC. making D. doing 2. Let’s go to the beach this weekend, ………… ?A shall weB. do weC. don’t weD. will we 3. I wish he ……….. that.A. doesn’t sayB. didn’t sayC. hasn’t saidD. hadn’t said 4. My father has gone away. He’ll be back ……… a week.A. forB. atC. untilD. in 5. Don’t do this all at once; Do it little .................... little.A. byB. toC. fromD. with 6. They are both good ............. because they type carefully.A. typewritersB. typistsC. typersD. typemen 7. We didn’t ...............to the station in time

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TRUNG TÂM LUYỆN THI TLH - Mr Bảo English – HP: 0967 88 44 46 - Add: 14/3 Tran Hung Dao – BMT City

- Once/twice a week/ month/ year/…

(Chú ý: thêm "ES" khi V kết thúc: s, sh, ch, o, x,

- now, right now, at the/this moment, at this time,

at present, at the present time, …

Không chia ở thì tiếp diễn: be, know, think,

believe, hear, see, smell, wish, belong, understand, hate, love, like, want, sound, have, need, appear, seem, taste, own,

- …ago Ex: three days ago

- in + năm trong quá khứ, in the past

- since + 1mốc thời gian , for + 1 khoảng thời gian

- many/ several + times/ N …

- yet, ever, never, already, recently, lately, just, before, how long …?

- so far, until now, up to now, up to the present time (today, this week/month/…)

6 Present

perfect

continuous

HTHTTD

+ S + has/have + been + Ving

S +has/have+ not +been +Ving

? Has/have + S + been +Ving?

Since + 1 mốc thời gian, for + 1 khoảng thời gian,

up to now, …

( dùng với V hoạt động: run, learn, teach, work,

rain, sleep, wait, stand, sit,…)

- QKHT + before/by the time + QKĐ

- before/by + thời gian trong quá khứ

Ex: before 6 p.m last night

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+ S + had + been + Ving

S + had + not + been + Ving

? Had + S + been + Ving ?

rain, sleep, wait, stand, sit, …)

- in 2 hours, in a few minutes/some days/…

- in + năm trong tương lai - some day, soon

- TLĐ + as soon as/ till/ until/ when/ before/ after + HTĐ (HTHT)

? Will+S+have +been + Ving?

(since/for) … before/by + thời gian trong tương

lai TLHTTD, before/by the time + HTĐ

rain, sleep, wait, stand, sit, …)

* Modal Verb

ĐỘNG TỪ

KHIẾM

KHUYẾT

S + can/ could/ should/ may/

might/ must/ have to/ has to/

had to/ will have to/ ought to

…+ V

EX: She can play the piano

EX: You mustn’t park here

EX: Nam has to stay at home today

MODEL EXERCISE:

1 Doctor Strange sometimes vegetables at this market

a is buying b has bought c buys d will buy

2 When I last Wonder Woman, she to find a job

a see/ was trying b saw/ was trying c have seen/ tried d saw/ tried

3 Look ! Flash after the train He to catch it

a ran/wants b is running/wanted c is running/wants d runs/wants

4 Black Widow “ Sleeping Beauty” several times

5 Arrow a book when I saw him

a is reading b read c was reading d reading

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WISH CLAUSE (CÂU ƢỚC)

I/ FROM & USE

S+ wish + S + could have + P.P

Điều ao ước không thật ở quá khứ

Yesterday, last, in the past

EX: She will not tell me => I wish she would tell me about that

She can‟t come tomorrow => I wish she could come tomorrow

I don‟t know French => I wish I knew French

- It‟s raining now => I wish it weren‟t raining now

- I can‟t speak Japanese => I wish I could speak Japanese

Mary couldn‟t play with us => I wish Mary could have played with us

NOTES:

S+WISH…= IF ONLY…

EX: I wish I had met her yesterday = If only I had mer her yesterday

 T m n As s t ou ( ứ n ƣ l : sau as if/ as though l V-past ho c Had P.P t y v o th

c a c u c n chuyển ổi Tương t c u iều kiện

EX: She talked to him as if he were a child He acted as though he had never met her

II/ Rewrite sentences using WISH CL:

1/ TYPE 1:

EX: + He won‟t come to my party  I wish he would come to my party

+ He wants to be a teacher  He wishes he would be a teacher

 Dùng WISH 1 viết lại c u khi c u ó ở th tương lai ho c ngụ ý ở tương lai, viết lại ổi thể

Nếu trong c u có “want” (muốn), “hope” (hi vọng) thì viết lại không ổi thể

2/ TYPE 2:

EX: What a pity I don‟t have free time  I wish I had free time

 Dùng WISH 2 viết lại c u khi c u ó ở thì hiện tại, viết lại ổi thể

3/ TYPE 3:

EX: + I‟m sorry, I didn‟t help you  I wish I had helped you

+ I regret not telling you the truth  I wish I had told you the truth

 Dùng WISH 3 viết lại c u khi c u ó ở thì quá khứ, ho c ngụ ý quá khứ, viết lại c u ổi thể

Notes: Khi viết lại câu dùng WISH CLAUSE ta không viết lại các thành ngữ như:

I’m sorry, what a pity,…

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PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) Active: S + V + O

Pasive: S + be + P P (V 3/Ved ) + by O

EX: Lan buys this book in a bookstore

→ This book is bought in a bookstore by Lan

Hiện tại Đơn S + V/Vs, es + O S + is/ am are + P P

Quá khứ Đơn S + Ved/V2 + O S + was/ were + P P

Hiện tại Tiếp diễn S + is/am/are + Ving + O S + is/ am/ are + being + P P

Quá khứ Tiếp diễn S + was/were + Ving + O S + was/ were + being + P P

Hiện tại Hoàn thành S + has/have + P.P + O S + has/ have + been + P P

Quá khứ Hoàn thành S + had + P.P + O S + had + been + P P

Tương lai Đơn S + will/ shall + V + O S + will/ shall + be + P P

Modal Verbs (*) S + Modal Verb + V + O S + Modal Verb + be + P P

(*) can, could, may, might, should, ought to, must, has/have to, … (used to, be going to…) + V

Quy tắc:

1 Lấy tân ngữ (O) ở câu ch ộng ra làm ch ngữ (S) ở câu bị ộng

2 Thêm ộng từ “to be”, nhưng phải cùng thì với câu ch ộng

3 Đưa ộng từ (V) ở câu ch ộng xuống, nhưng phải ở dạng P.P (V 3/Ved )

4 Đưa S ở câu ch ộng xuống làm O cho câu bị ộng, trước nó có “by”

Lưu ý:

- Trạng từ chỉ thời gian sẽ ược t ở cuối câu Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn t trước “by”

- Nếu S l ại từ nh n xưng ( We, You, They, …) ho c People, Someone, Everyone, … ta có thể bỏ i khi chuyển sang câu bị ộng

Ex: My brother has bought me some English books

→Some English books have been bought for me by my brother

→My friend told me an interesting story

→ An interesting story was told to me by my friend

Note: Các ộng từ thường i với giới từ to là: give, send, show, lend, promise, hand, pay, read, throw, wish, offer, …

Các ộng từ thường i với giới từ for là: buy, get, make, do, leave, save, …

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2 Dạng động từ chỉ ý kiến: say, think, report, believe, rumour, …

Active: S + say / think + that + S2 + V2 + O2 …

Passive: - It + is / was + said / thought + that + S2 + V2 + O2 …

S2 + is / was/ are said / thought + to-inf … (hành ộng trong 2 mệnh ề xảy ra ồng thời) + to have + V3 (hành ộng 2 xảy ra trước hành ộng 1)

+ to be + V-ing (hành ộng 2 dùng thì tiếp diễn)

Ex: People said that he had left

→ It was said ………

→ He……… ………

Ex: They think he is a good doctor

→ It is thought that he is a good doctor

→ He……….….……

Ex: They said that John was living in London

→ It was said that John was living in London

→ John………

Ex: They expect that the price of oil will go down next month

→ It is expected that the price of oil will go down next month

→ ……… …

3 Dạn n ấn mạn (Cleft sentences):

It is / was + focus + who / that + be + P.P Who: chỉ người That: chỉ vật, nơi chốn, thời gian

My friend send me some flowers → ………

4 T ể s k ến:

Active: S + have + O người + V1 + O vật

Acitive: S + get + O n ười + to-inf + O vật

Passive: S + have / get + O vật + V3 + (by + O n ườ

5 Động từ chỉ giác quan: see, watch, hear, look, taste,…

Active: S + V + O + V1 / V-ing

Passive: S + be + V3 + to-inf / V-ing …

They saw the lorry running down the hill ……… ………

6 Độn từ let:

Active: S + let + s.o + V1 …

Passive: S + be + allowed + to-inf

7 Độn từ make:

Active: S + make + s.o + V1 … → Passive: S + be + made + to- n …

8 Sau “T ere be” ó thể dùn độn từ nguyên mẫu ạn chủ động oặ bị độn

Ex: There is a lot of work to do / to be done → There are some letters to write / to be written

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REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

C u tường thuật (c u gián tiếp) l c u d ng ể thuật lại nội dung c a lời nói tr c tiếp

a Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngôi; không đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ

Ex: She says: “I am a teacher.” → She says that she is a teacher

Ex: “I am writing a letter now” Tom says → Tom says that he is writing a letter now

b Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn

I T y đổ n ô (Đại từ n ân xưn , Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)

1 N ô t ứ n ất: d a v o ủ từ c a mệnh ề tường thuật; thường ổi sang ngôi thứ ba

I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her

We → They us → them our → their

Ex: He said: “I learned English.” → He said that he had learnt English

Ex: She said to me, “My mother gives me a present.” → She told me that her mother gave her a present

2 Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)

- Xét ý nghĩa c a c u v ổi cho ph hợp, thường ổi d a v o tú từ c a mệnh ề tường thuật

Ex: Mary said: “You are late again.” → Mary said that you were late again

Ex: “I will meet you at the airport”, he said to me → He told me that he would meet me at the airport

3 Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không ổi

II T y đổi về thì trong câu:

DIRECT (trự t ếp INDIRECT ( n t ếp

is / am / are (+ not)

am / is / are + V-ing oesn‟t on‟t + V1 V1 /Vs(es)

n‟t + V1 have / has + V3 / V-ed have / has been +V-ing V2 / -ed

was / were (+ V-ing) will + V1

would be + V-ing

- could + V1

- might + V1

- had to + V1 III T y đổi các trạng từ chỉ thờ n v nơ ốn:

Now Here This These Today Yesterday Last year Tonight Tomorrow Next month Ago

Then There That Those That day The day before / the previous day The year before / the previous year That night

The following day / the next day The following month / the next month Before

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TRUNG TÂM LUYỆN THI TLH - Mr Bảo English – HP: 0967 88 44 46 - Add: 14/3 Tran Hung Dao – BMT City CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

1 COMMANDS / REQUESTS (Câu mện lện , âu đề n ị

- Mệnh lệnh khẳn định:

Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …”

Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V- n + …

Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her to keep silent

“Wash your hands before having dinner, Lan.” the mother said

→ The mother told Lan to wash her hands before having dinner

- Mện lện p ủ địn :

Direct: S + V + O: “Don‟t + V1 + …”

Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to + V- n …

Ex: “Don‟t forget to phone me this afternoon,” he said → He reminded me to phone him that afternoon The teacher said to the students: “Don‟t talk in the class.”→ The teacher told the students not to talk in the class

T y theo ngữ cảnh trong lời nói ộng từ tường thuật said ho c said to có thể ổi th nh told, asked, advised, persuaded, directed, begged, encouraged, remind …

Ex: The doctor said to his patient: “Do exercise regularly.”→ The doctor advised his patient to do exercise regularly

2 STATEMENT (Câu tr n thuật)

Direct: S + V + (O : “ l use”

Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause Note: said to → told

Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”

→ Tom said (that) he wanted to visit his friend that weekend

She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”

→ She told me (that) she was going to Dalat the following summer

3 QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi)

Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me

→ He asked me how long I was waiting for the bus

4 DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (V-ING TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị , chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi, …động từ tường thuật cùng với danh động từ (V-ing) theo sau nó thường được dùng để chuyển tải nội dung lời nói trên

a Reporting Verb + V- n + ….

deny (phủ nhận) admit (thừa nhận suggest (đề nghị)

regret (nuối tiếc) appreciate (đánh giá cao, cảm kích)

Ex: Peter said: “I didn‟t steal the painting.” → Peter denied stealing the painting.“Why don‟t

we go out for a walk?” said the boy → The boy suggested going out for a walk

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b Reporting Verb + O + Preposition + V-ing + …

- apologize (+ to O) + for xin lỗi ai về …

- thank + O + for cám ơn ai về …

- accuse + O + of buộc tội ai về …

- congratulate + O + on chúc mừng ai về …

- warn + O + against cảnh báo ai về …

- compliment + O + on khen ngợi ai về …

- blame + to O + for ổ lỗi cho ai về

- dream of mơ về …

- object to chống ối về …

- insist on khăng khăng òi …

- complain about ph n n n về …

Ex: “I‟m happy to know that you win the game Congratulations!”, Jim said to Mary

→ Jim congratulated Mary on winning the game

Daisy said: “Thank you for helping me” → Daisy thanked me for helping her

Note:

1 W y on‟t you W y not How bout …? → S1 + suggested + (that) + S2 + (should) + V- n …

Ex: “Why don‟t you send her some flowers, Tony?” he said

→ He suggested Tony (should) send her some flowers

2 Let‟s → suggested + V- n …

Let‟s not → suggested + not + V- n …

Ex: “Let‟s meet outside the cinema,” he said → He suggested meeting outside the cinema

She said: “Let‟s not talk about that problem again.” → She suggested not talking about that problem again

3 S ll we It‟s oo e → suggested + V- n …

Ex: “It‟s a good idea to go for a picnic this weekend,” she said

→ She suggested going for a picnic that weekend

5 ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU (TO-INFINITIVE TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

Khi lời nói gián tiếp là một lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu, …động từ tường thuật cùng với động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau nó thường được dùng để chuyển tải nội dung lời nói này

a Reporting Verb + To- n …

- agree demand ( òi hỏi) guarantee (bảo ảm)

- hope promise swear (thề)

- threaten ( e dọa) volunteer offer ( ưa ra ề nghị)

- refuse consent (bằng lòng) decide

Ex: “I will give you my book if you need it,” said my friend

→ My friend offered to give me her book if I needed it

b Reporting Verb + Object + To- n …

- ask (bảo, yêu c u) advise (khuyên) command (ra lệnh)

- expect (mong ợi) instruct (hướng dẫn) invite (mời)

- order (ra lệnh) persuade (thuyết phục) recommend ( ề nghị)

- remind (nhắc nhở) encourage (cổ vũ) tell (bảo)

- urge (thúc giục) warn (cảnh báo) want (muốn, mong muốn)

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Ex: “Don‟t forget to lock the door,” I said to my sister

→ I reminded my sister to lock the door

Ann said: “Come to my place whenever you are free.”

→ Ann invited me to come to her place whenever I was free

Note:

1 Lờ đề n ị:

Would you / Could you / Will you / Can you → asked + someone + to-inf

Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing → asked + someone + to-inf

Ex: “Can you read the instructions again?” she said → She asked me to read the instructions again

He said: “Would you mind opening the door, please?” → He asked me to open the door

TAG QUESTIONS (CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI)

I CÁCH THÀNH LẬP

1 Câu hỏi uôi gồm có: ch ngữ (phải l ại từ nh n xưng) v trợ ộng từ hay ộng từ c biệt

2 Nếu câu phát biểu ở thể xác ịnh thì câu hỏi uôi ở thể ph ịnh v ngược lại

3 Nếu câu hỏi uôi ở thể ph ịnh thì phải dùng hình thức tĩnh lược (contractive form)

EX:

He is a good boy,

The girl didn't come here yesterday,

They will go away,

She hasn't left,

Eg: I’m going to do it again, aren’t I?

b Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu):

+ Có ph n uôi l “won‟t you?” khi c u phát biểu diễn tả lời mời:

Eg: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mời ông ngồi)

+ Có ph n uôi l “will you?” khi c u phát biểu diễn tả lời yêu c u ho c mệnh lệnh ph ịnh

Eg: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lòng mở cửa)

Don‟t be late, will you ? (Đừng i trễ nha)

c Ph n uôi c a câu bắt u bằng “ Let‟s ” : là “shall we ?”

Eg: Let‟s go swimming, shall we?

Nhưng ph n uôi c a “Let us Let me” là “w ll you”

d Nothing, anything, something, everything ược thay là thế bằng “ It” ở câu hỏi uôi:

Eg : Everything will be all right, won’t it?

No one, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone ược thay thế bằng

“T ey” trong câu hỏi uôi

Eg: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn‟t they?

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*Lưu ý: Nothing, Nobody, No one ược dùng trong mệnh ề chính, ộng từ ở câu hỏi uôi sẽ phải ở dạng khẳng ịnh (Vì Not n , Nobo y, No one ó n ĩ p ủ định)

Eg: Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ?

e This/ That ược thay thế là “It”

- Eg: This won‟t take long, will it?

f These/ Those ược thay thế là “T ey”

Eg: Those are nice, aren‟t they?

g Khi trong câu nói có từ ph ịnh như: sel om, r rely, r ly, no, w t out, never, ew, l ttle, … ph n uôi phải ở dạng khẳng ịnh

Eg: He seldom goes to the movies, does he?

- Nếu mệnh ề chính có các từ ph ịnh như neither, no, none, no one, nobody, nothing, scarcely, barely, hardly, hardly ever, seldom …, th c u hỏi uôi ở thể khẳng ịnh

Examples: Nothing was said, ?

Peter hardly ever go to parties, ?

h Nếu câu phát biểu có dạng : You „d better → c u hỏi uôi sẽ là : hadn’t you ?

You‟d rather → c u hỏi uôi sẽ là : wouldn’t you ?

You used to → c u hỏi uôi sẽ là : didn’t you ?

III Ý n ĩ ủa câu hỏ đuô :

- Nếu ta hạ giọng, có nghĩa là ta thực sự đặt câu hỏi cho người đối thoại và ta muốn người nghe đồng tình với mình

- Nếu ta lên giọng câu hỏi đuôi thì ta muốn hỏi lại người nghe

INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS (To-inf và V-ing)

1 To-Infinitive

- Sau các động từ: Agre , appear, afford, ask, demand, expect, hesitate, intend, invite, want, wish, hope, promise, decide, tell, refuse, learn, fail (thất bại), plan, manage, pretend (giả vờ), remind, persuade, encourage, force, order, urge (thúc giục), seem, tend, threaten,…

Ex: It is interesting to study English + S + be + adj + to-inf

Ex: I‟m happy to receive your latter

+ S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf

+ S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf

+ S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf

Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary

- Sau các từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how ,… (nhưng thường không dùng sau why)

Ex: I don‟t know what to say

* Note:

- allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf EX: She allowed me to use her pen

- allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing EX: She didn‟t allow smoking in her room

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2 BARE INFINITIVE (V1)

Động từ nguyên mẫu không to ược dùng:

- Sau ộng từ khiếm khuyết: n, w ll, s ll, oul , woul ,…

- Sau các ộng từ: let, make, would rather, had better

Ex: They made him repeat the whole story

- Help + to-inf / V1 / with Noun

Ex: He usually helps his sister to do her homework

He usually helps his sister do her homework

He usually helps his sister with her homework

3 GERUND (V-ing)

- Sau các ộng từ: enjoy, avoid, admit, appreciate (đánh giá cao), mind (quan tâm, ngại), finish, practice, suggest, postpone (hoãn lại), consider (xem xét), hate, admit (thừa nhận), like, love, deny (phủ nhận), detest (ghét), keep (tiếp tục), miss (bỏ lỡ), imagine (tưởng tượng), mention, risk, delay (trì hoãn), …

- Sau các cụm ộng từ: cant‟ help (không thể không), can’t bear / can’t stand (không thể chịu được), be used to, get used to, look forward to, it’s no use / it’s no good (không có ích lợi gì), be busy, be worth (đáng giá), have difficulty/trouble, …

- Sau giới từ: in, on, at, from, to, about …

- Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since,… Ex: You should lock the door when leaving your room

- S + spend / waste + time / money + V-ing

Ex: I spent thirty minutes doing this exercise

4 INFINITIVE OR GERUND

4.1 K ôn t y đổi n ĩ :

- begin / start / continue/ like / love + To-inf / V-ing Ex: It started to rain / raining

4.2 T y đổ n ĩ :

+ remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việ đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá khứ)

+ remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việ ư , sắp xảy r (tron tươn l

Ex: Don‟t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed

I remember meeting you some where but I can‟t know your name

Remember to send her some flowers because today is her birthday

+ stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn việc gì

+ stop + to-inf: dừn … để …

Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health

On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper

+ try + V-ing: thử

+ try + to-inf: cố gắng

+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động)

+ need + to-inf: cần (chủ động)

Ex: I need to wash my car

My car is very dirty It needs washing / to be washed

+ Cấu trúc nhờ vả:

S + ve + O n ười + V1 + O vật → S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O n ười)

S + et + O n ười + to-inf + O vật → S + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O n ười)

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TRUNG TÂM LUYỆN THI TLH - Mr Bảo English – HP: 0967 88 44 46 - Add: 14/3 Tran Hung Dao – BMT City PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON (CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ LÝ DO)

- Cụm từ ỉ lý do

BECAUSE OF / DUE TO / OWING TO / ON ACCOUNT OF + V-ing / Noun / pronoun, Clause

Ex: We didn‟t go out due to the cold weather They are here because of us

- Mện đề ỉ lý do:

BECAUSE / AS / SINCE + S + V, Clause

Ex: They can‟t go out because / as / since it is very cold outside

- Cách rút ọn mệnh đề lý do s n ụm từ ỉ lý do

• … because + đạ từ + be + adj

→ because of + tính từ sở ữu + N

Ex: He failed the exam because he is lazy → He failed the exam because of / due to his laziness

• …be use + N + be + adj

→ because of + the + adj + N

Ex: They can‟t go fishing because the weather is bad → They can‟t go fishing because of the bad weather

• …because + S + V + O

→ because of + V-ing + O (thường dùng khi 2 chủ ngữ giống nhau)

Ex: She got ill because she worked hard → She got ill because of working hard

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)

1 Type 1: đ ều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

If + S + be: is/ am/ are + O , S + will + V

n m y must … + V

EX: If we work hard, we will make this beach a clean and beautiful place again

If you want to improve your English, we can help you

2 Type 2: đ ều kiện không có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại

If + S + be: were , S + would/ could/ might + V

Ve V2 n‟t + V

EX: If you saw a UFO, what would you do?

If I were him, I would tell the trust

3 Type 3: đ ều k ện không có khả năng xảy ra, không có thực trong quá khứ

If + had + Ved/ V3, S + would / should / could / might + have + Ved/ V3

EX: If I had seen her, I would have told you yesterday

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* NOTE:

- Unless … = I … not : Nếu … không, trừ phi…

EX: If he doesn’t work hard, he can‟t earn enough money for your living

= Unless he works hard, he can‟t earn enough money for your living

- If + S + had Ved/ V3 + LAST… AGO, S + oul woul + V + NOW

Ex: If he had built his house last year, he would save a lot of money now

- Các cụm từ có thể thay thế cho IF:

provided (that), providing (that) : miễn là

supposed (that), supposing (that): giả sử, giá mà

so long as/ as long as (miễn là) on condition that (với điều kiện là)

If + S + had Ved/ V3 + LAST… AGO, S + oul woul + V + NOW

Ex: If he had built his house last year, he would save a lot of money now

Cách sử dụng: L âu đ ều kiện hỗn hợp gồm có loại 2 và loại 3

Ex: If I had finished the report yesterday, I would go out now

If he had done the homework yesterday, he could play soccer now

ĐẢO NG TRONG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

1 Đ ều k ện loạ I

• Nếu trong câu có “should” ở mệnh đề if, thì đảo “should” lên đầu câu

• Nếu trong câu không có “should”, chúng ta phải mượn “should”

• Nếu trong câu có động từ “were”, thì đảo “were” lên đầu

• Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were’ và dùng “ to V”

3 Đ ều k ện loạ III

• Đảo trợ động từ của thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Chú ý: Ở dạng ph ịnh, “not” ược t sau ch ngữ:

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SO - THEREFORE - BUT - HOWEVER

1 SO - THEREFORE

SO dùng khi nói nguyên nh n so kết quả, nó ngẫu nhiên nhất thời, cứ 1 nguyên nh n 1 kết quả, còn nguyên nhân THEREFORE kết quả l một quá tr nh có logic, có thể nhiều cái nguyên nh n Ta có thể d a v o dấu

hiệu l vị trí v dấu c u :

- SO không ứng u c u (trong văn viết), thường ứng giữa c u v trước có dấu phẩy

EX: The rain began to fall, so we went home

- THEREFORE ứng u c u, sau ó có dấu phẩy (= CONSEQUENTLY, AS A RESULT)

- THEREFORE ứng giữa c u, trước có dấu chấm phẩy, sau có dấu phẩy ho c ko có, ho c có dấu

phẩy cả trước v sau

- THEREFORE ứng cuối c u, trước có dấu phẩy

Ex: He broke the rules of the school; therefore he had to be punished

- SO d ng thông dụng trong văn nói, THEREFORE trang trọng hơn, thường d ng trong văn viết

2 BUT - HOWEVER

Tương t như SO và THEREFORE, BUT và HOWEVER cũng tương t nhau, rất khó ph n biệt, nhưng vẫn

dễ ph n biệt hơn THEREFORE và SO

BUT ( = YET ) nghĩa l nhưng nối 2 mệnh ề trái ngược nhau ho n to n ho c vế trước l ối nghịch

c a nguyên nh n g y ra cái sau

EX: She did her homework, but I didn‟t It was midnight, but the restaurant was still open HOWEVER ( = NEVERTHELESS, ON THE OTHER HAND, WHEREAS ) nghĩa l tuy nhiên, nó thể hiện

s nhượng bộ, cũng nói về s trái ngược nhưng không ối nghịch nhau ho n to n, v ý ịnh nhận mạnh ph n sau hơn ph n trước, ho c l ý nói ph n trước ko áng kể so với ph n sau

EX: Lan is a very good student; however Hung is much better than her

MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - RELATIVE CLAUSES

nghĩa cho một danh từ ứng trước nó

Ex: The man who lives next door is very handsome (Người đàn ông sống cạnh nhà tôi rất đẹp trai.)

• Mệnh ề quan hệ thường ược bắt u bằng các ại từ quan hệ ho c trạng từ quan hệ

• Các ại từ quan hệ: who, whom, which, that, whose ho c các trạng từ quan hệ: where, when, why

II CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ:

 WHO: Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, óng chức năng ch ngữ trong câu Theo sau Who phải là

một ộng từ

Ex: The man who met me at the airport gave me the money (Ex: That is the boy who helped me to find your

house (Đó là cậu bé người đã giúp tôi tìm nhà của bạn đấy!)

WHOM: Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, óng chức năng t n ngữ trong câu Theo sau Whom phải là

một ch ngữ

Ex: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt (Người phụ nữ mà bạn gặp ngày hôm qua là dì của tôi) Ex: This is the man whom we saw at the party yesterday

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WHICH: Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, óng chức năng ch ngữ ho c tân ngữ trong câu Vì vậy, sau

Which có thể l ộng từ ho c ch ngữ

Ex: The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me

Ex: The car which he bought is very expensive

*Notes: Khi Which óng chức năng t n ngữ , ta có thể lược bỏ nó

Ex: The dress (which) I bought yesterday is very beautiful (Cái áo (mà) tôi mua ngày hôm qua thì rất là đẹp)

WHOSE: Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ s sở hữu c a người hay vật Theo sau Whose luôn luôn

phải là một danh từ

Whose = of which

Ex: That is the man whose wallet was stolen (Kia là người đàn ông mà cái ví của ông ta bị đánh cắp)

Ex: The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom

Ex: John found a cat whose leg was broken (John đã tìm thấy một con mèo mà cái chân nó bị gãy)

THAT: Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho cả người lẫn vật, óng bất cứ chức năng n o v có thể thay thế cho cả who,

whom, which

 Notes: Không ược dùng That trong mệnh ề quan hệ có dấu phẩy

Danh từ phía trước chỉ cả người lẫn vật (hỗn từ)

The first, The second, The third, the last, the only,…

Không dùng That khi nó thay thế cho cả mệnh ề ứng trước, mà dùng Which ể thay thế

Ex: It rained all day, which was a pity

Sau các ại từ bất ịnh:

Someone, anybody, nothing, any thing, something,

noone,…

V sau các ại từ:

“all, much, any, few, some, little, none”

Không dùng That với các từ chỉ lượng có giới từ i

kèm

(neither of, most of, all of, none of, many of, a lot of,…)

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III CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ:

WHERE: Trạng từ quan hệ thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ nơi chốn Sau Where là một mệnh ề

Where = giới từ chỉ nơ ốn + which

(in, on, at, from ) Ex: I went back to the village where I was born (Tôi trở về ngôi làng nơi mà tôi đã sinh ra)

Ex: Ha Noi is the place where I like to come (Hà Nội là nơi mà tôi thích đến thăm)

*Notes: Phân biệt giữa Which và Where trong mệnh đề khi nó đều chỉ nơi chốn:

• Sau Where luôn luôn là một mệnh đề (S + V)

• Sau Which là một động từ (Which + V)

WHEN: Trạng từ quan hệ thay cho danh từ chỉ thời gian (time, day, year, )

Ex: I remember the day when I won the game (Tôi nhớ cái ngày mà tôi đã thắng trò chơi ấy)

WHY: Trạng từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ lý do hay nguyên nh n, thường có “cause”, “reason” “a reason” hay “the reason”

Ex: She didn’t tell me the reason why she left me (Cô ấy đã không nói cho tôi lý do tại sao cô ấy rời bỏ tôi)

Ex:That is the reason why I didn’t come to the party yesterday

IV CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

1 Mện đề quan hệ x định (Defining relative clauses)

• L mệnh ề quan hệ dùng cho danh từ Chưa xác ịnh Đ y l mệnh ề quan hệ c n thiết vì danh từ phía trước chưa xác ịnh, không có nó câu sẽ không rõ nghĩa

Ex:- The man who met me at the airport gave me the money

 Ta gọi mệnh ề who met me at the airport là mệnh ề quan hệ xác ịnh vì nó rất c n thiết ể bổ sung ý nghĩa cho

ch ngữ The man Nếu không có nó, câu trên sẽ rất mơ hồ vì ta không biết The man l người n ông n o cả

Ex: The book (which / that) you lent me is very interesting

2 Mện đề quan hệ k ôn x định (Non – defining clauses)

• L mệnh ề quan hệ dùng cho danh từ Đã xác ịnh Đ y l mệnh ề quan hệ không c n thiết vì danh từ phía trước nó ã xác ịnh, không có nó câu vẫn rõ nghĩa Mệnh ề n y ược ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy

• Mệnh ề n y không ược dùng “That”

• Cách nhận diện:

+ Ch ngữ là danh từ riêng (Proper noun) ho c danh từ chỉ vật duy nhất

+ Dùng cho các Tính từ sở hữu: His, her, my, your, their

+ Đại từ chỉ ịnh: This, That, These, Those

Ex: Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616

(Shakespeare, người viết “Romeo & Juliet”, đã chết năm 1616)

 Ta gọi mệnh ề who wrote “Romeo & Juliet” l mệnh ề quan hệ không xác ịnh vì nó chỉ bổ sung nghĩa cho

ch ngữ Shakespeare, nếu bỏ nó i c u vẫn y nghĩa

Ex: That house, which was built a few months ago, doesn’t look modern

Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal

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V RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

Mệnh ề quan hệ không xác ịnh có thể ược rút gọn bằng cụm danh từ

We visited Dalat, which is a city of Lam Dong Province  We visited Dalat, a city of Lam Dong Province George Washington, who was the first president of the United States, was a general in the army

 George Washington, the first president of the United States, was a general in the army

MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

1 Nếu trong mệnh ề quan hệ có ớ từ th giới từ có thể t trước ho c sau mệnh ề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)

Ex: Mr Brown is a nice teacher We studied with him last year

→ Mr Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher

→ Mr Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher

2 Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh ề ứng trước

Ex: She can‟t come to my birthday party That makes me sad

→ She can‟t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad

3 Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể ược thay bằng who

Ex: I‟d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party

4 Trong mệnh ề quan hệ xác ịnh , chúng ta có thể bỏ các ại từ quan hệ làm túc từ: whom, which

Ex: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend The book you lent me was very interesting

5 Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of … có thể ược d ng trước

whom, which và whose

Ex: I have two sisters, both of whom are students She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her

CÁCH RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

1 Mện đề qu n ệ đƣợ rút t n ụm p ân từ:

Mệnh ề quan hệ chứa các ại từ quan hệ l m ch từ who, which, that có thể ược rút gọn th nh cụm hiện tại

ph n từ (V-ing) ho c quá khứ ph n từ (V3/ed)

* Nếu mệnh ề quan hệ l mệnh ề ủ độn th rút th nh cụm ện tạ p ân từ (V-ing)

Ex: a/ The man who is standing over there is my father

→ The man standing over there is my father

b/ The couple who live next door to me are professors

→ The couple living next door to me are professors

* Nếu mệnh ề quan hệ l mệnh ề bị độn th rút th nh cụm qu k ứ p ân từ (V3 e

Ex: a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important

→ The instructions given on the front page are very important

b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting

→ The book bought by my mother is interesting

Mệnh ề quan hệ ược rút th nh cụm ộng từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước ại từ quan hệ có các cụm

từ: the first, the second, the last, the only, … ho c hình thức so sánh nhất

Ex: a/ John was the last person that got the news → John was the last person to get the news

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b/ He was the best player that we admire → He was the best player to be admired

c/ He was the second man who was killed in this way

→ He was the second man to be killed in this way

 Chú ý cách dùng c a các cấu trúc mở u cho mệnh ề quan hệ: all, most, none, neither, any, either, some, (a)few,

both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much, + of which/whom

Ex: Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers

Ex: I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me

Ex: He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn‟t answer

Ex: Two boys, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my class

Ex: They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use

Ex: There were a lot of people at the meeting, few of whom I had met before

MAKING SUGGESTIONS (ĐƢA RA LỜI ĐỀ NGHỊ)

- Từ chố K ôn đồng ý: + No, let‟s not

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