...SO + ADJ + THAT → TOO + ADJ + FOR...+ TO_INF ...SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR ...TO_INF The jacket is so small that I can’t wear it. → The jacket is too small for me to wear. So + adj + that (clause) Such + (aan adj) noun + that (clause) eg: The box was so heavy that the children couldn’t carry it > It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it TOO + ADJ + FOR...+ TO_INF ↔ ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR ...TO_INF The tea was too hot for her to drink. ↔ The tea was not cold enough for her to drink. ...SO + ADJ + THAT ↔ ...SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT It is such lovely weather that we spend the whole day in the garden. → The weather is so lovely that we spend the whole day in the garden. Lưu ý đôi khi còn có thể gặp đảo ngữ: So lovely is the weather that we spend the whole day in the garden. ALTHOUGHTHOUGH + CLAUSE ... (Mặc dù.....nhƣng....) ↔ DESPITE IN SPITE OF + NV_ingTHE FACT THAT + CLAUSE Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of his car. → In spite of Despite his broken leg his leg being broken, he managed to get out of his car. → In spite of Despite the fact that his leg was broken, he managed to get out of his car. BECAUSE + CLAUSE ↔ BECAUSE OF + (ADJ) + N (Bởi vì....) Because she behaves well, everybody loves her. ↔ Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her. IF..................NOT.......... = UNLESS................. (Nếu không.....thì Trừ phi.........) He’ll die if nobody brings him to hospital. ↔ Unless somebody brings him to hosital, he’ll die. (Anh ấy sẽ chết nếu không có ai đưa tới bệnh viện Trừ phi có người đưa anh ấy đến bệnh viện, anh ấy sẽ chết) REAL PAST SITUATION ↔ IF + PAST PERFECT (điều kiện có thật ở quá khứ) (câu điều kiện loại 3) We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money. ↔ If we had had enough money, we wouldcould have gone on holiday. Mẹo: Tình huống được đưa ra ở hiện tại, kết quả ở hiện tạitương lai thì chuyển sang ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2. Tình huống đưa ra ở quá khứ, kết quả ở quá khứ thì chuyển sang ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3. Cũng có thể gặp dạng CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRỘN nếu tình huống đưa ra ở quá khứ và kết quả ở hiện tại. a) I cant see the play because it is solded out > If the play weren’t solded out, I could see it. (nếu vở kịch ko bị bán hết vé (hiện tại), tôi có thể xem nó. (IF ONLYI WISH the play weren’t sold out) b) We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money > If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday (Nếu chúng tôi đã có đủ tiền, chúng tôi đã có thể đi nghỉ mát) PAST SITUATION ↔ WISH + HAD + PP FUTURE WOULD + INF (Điều kiện có thật ở hiện tạiquá khứ tương lai > ước..........) I am sorry that I didn’t go to the library last Sunday. (Tôi tiếc không đi tới thư viện chủ nhật trước) ↔ I wish that I had gone to the party last Sunday. (Tôi ước chủ nhật trước đã không đi tới thư viện) 1. “ Why don’t you put better lock on the door,Barbara”? said John > John suggested.................................................................................................. 2. Although his both legs were broken in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded. > Despite his........................................................................................................ 3. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before. > This is the first............................................................................................ 4. After fighting the fire for 12 hours the firemen succeeded in putting it out .>The firemen manged..................................................................................... 5. The architect has drawn plans for an extentionto the house. >Plans............................................................................................................... 6. In StafordonAvon we saw Shakespeare’s birthplace .>We saw the house........................................................................................ 7. It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday .>You.................................................................................................................. 8. “ How many survivors are there?”, asked the journalist. > the journalist wanted to know........................................................................ 9. It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away. =>The meat was................................................................. 10. It is essential that Profesor Van Helsing is met at the airport .=> Profesor Van Helsing...... .......................................................................... 11. You can’t visit the USA unless you get a visa. =>If you................................................................. 12. “ Can I borrow your typewriter,Janet”? asked Peter. =>Peter asked if.... ................................................................... 13. She started working as a secretary five years ago. =>She has....... ....................................................................... 14. She knows a lot more about it than I do. =>I don’t know............ ................................................................... 15. My French friend finds driving on the left difficult .=> My French friend isn’t............................................................................ 16. They think the owner of the house is abroad. 2 => The owner ............................................................................. 17. We didn’t go on holiday because we did not have enough money .=>If we............................ ..................................................................... 18.The children couldn’t go swimming because the sea was rough. =>The sea was too.. ................................................................................................ 19. What a pity you failed your driving test. => I wish.................. 20. The mechanic seviced my car last week .=> I............................................................................................ 21. I’m always nervous when I travel by air. => Travelling............ ............................................................................................ 22. He couldn’t efford to buy the car, =>The car............... ............................................................................................ 23. “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?” he asked =>He suggested...................................... 24. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job. => In spite of............................................................................................ 25. I’m sorry I missed your birthday party .=>I wish......................... 26. They haven’t cleaned the streets this week. =>The streets................ 27. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges. =>Apple are not................... 28. I advice you to put your money in the bank. =>You’d........................ 29. That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there. => It is such......................................... 30. He was annoyed because his secretary came late ti work. =>He objected.... ............................................................................................. 31. I’ll pick the children up if you like. =>Would you..................................... 32. He objected to the fact that his secretary came to work late .=>He was annoyed............................... 33. Tom is the most industious pupil. => No other pupil................. 34. When did they buy the house? => How long is it ................ 35. She isn’t accustomed to life in London .=>She’s not used to....................... 36. “Don’t forget to phone the office,”she told him. =>She reminded................... 37. I’m afraid I haven’t got time to listen to you. 3 => I wish ............................................................. 38. The police has just released John. =>John.............. ............................................................................................ 39. I couldn’t hear them because they were speaking too softly .=> They were speaking......... 40. We spent 5 hours getting to London. =>It took........ 41. I get to work in 20 minutes. =>It .................. 42. It is necessary that this work be finished by Monday. =>This work........ 43. It’s a pity I didn’t take my doctor’s advice. =>I wish............... 44. The bread is so tale we can’t eat it. => The bread isn’t.......... 45. Who does this bag belong to? =? Whose........ 46. My boyfriend is very shorttempered. =>My boyfriend loses.......... 47. You can use it as long as you like, and it won’t wear out. =>No matter........ ............................................................................................ 48. If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home. =>Get......... ............................................................................................ 49. How have you been getting on with your enquiries? =>How much............ 50.I gave Ted the massage, but he already knew about it .=>I needn’t......... 51. The trains couldn’t run because of the snow. The snow……………………………………………………………… 52. I didn’t arrived in time to see him. I wasn’t early…………………………………………………………. 53. I’m sorry I was rude to you yesterday. I apologise…………………………………………………………….. 54. She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train. If………………………………………………………………………. 55. Barbara is the best tennisplayer in the club. No one………………………………………………………………… 56. I haven’t seen that man here before. It’s…………………………………………………………………….. 57. The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it. The furniture was too…………………………………………………. 58. The robbers made the bank manager hand over on the money. The bank manager……………………………………………………..
Trang 1S + BE + ADJ + TO_INF
I am happy to see you here
S + BE + ADJ + CLAUSE
I’m sorry (that) you can’t come (Tôi rất tiếc là bạn không thể đến được.)
S + BE/V + TOO + ADJ/ADV + (FOR + O) + TO_INF
( quá nên không thể )
S + BE/V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + (FOR + O) + TO_INF
( đủ để làm gì )
Tom is old enough to go to school (Tom đủ tuổi để đi học)
IT + BE + ADJ + (FOR + O) + TO_INF
It is important for everybody to know English
(Mọi người biết Tiếng Anh thì rất quan trọng)
IT + BE + ADJ + THAT _ CLAUSE
It is splendid that you passed the exam
IT + BE + ADJ + OF + O + TO_INF
It’s kind of you to help me (Bạn thật tử tế khi đã giúp tôi)
IT + BE + ADJ + THAT + S + (SHOULD) + BARE INF
It’s necessary that we (should) study English regularly
(Thật là cần thiết khi chúng ta học tiếng Anh thường xuyên)
IT WAS NOT UNTIL THAT (Mãi cho đến mới )
It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped
(Mãi đến nửa đêm tiếng ồn trước nhà mới hết)
S + BE/GET + USED TO + N/V_ing (Quen với)
I am used to staying up late
I am used to the heat because I have been living here for a long time
S + USED TO + BARE INF ( đã từng )
He used to have a long hair (Anh ấy từng để tóc dài)
IT + TAKES/TOOK/WILL TAKE/ HAS TAKEN + (O) + TIME + TO_INF
(Ai đó mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì)
It takes him thirty minutes to write a letter
It took me two hours to repair the computer last night
S + HAVE/GET + O(st) + PP (Nhờ ai đó làm việc gì)
Trang 2S + HAVE + O(so) + BARE INF = S + GET + O(so) + TO_INF
We are going to have/get our car repaired next week
(Chúng tôi sẽ nhờ người sửa xe cho chúng tôi)
I have my brother repair my bike/ I get my brother to repair my bike
(Tôi nhờ anh tôi sửa xe đạp cho tôi)
SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT = SUCH + (A/AN) + ADJ + N +
THAT
( quá đến nỗi )
The film was so good that I saw it three times (bộ phim hay đến nỗi tôi đã xem nó
3 lần)
It was such a hard cake that he couldn’t eat it
(Đó là một cái bánh rắn đến nỗi anh ấy không thể ăn được)
AFTER + S1 + PAST PERFECT + S2 + SIMPLE PAST
After I had entered the house, it began to rain (Sau khi tôi vào nhà thì trời bắt đầu mưa)
S1 + V + THAT + S2 + (SHOULD) + BARE INF
We insist that a meeting (should) be held as soon as possible
(Chúng tôi nài nỉ một cuộc họp sẽ được tổ chức càng sớm càng tốt)
S1 + WISH + (THAT) + S2 + PAST/PAST PERFECT/WOULD INF
I wish I knew English well (Câu ước ở hiện tại)
I wish hat I had gone to the party last Sunday (câu ước ở quá khứ)
I wish I could go to England some day (câu ước ở hiện tại, tương lai)
S1 + PRESENT PERFECT + SINCE + S2 + SIMPLE PAST
He has worked as a pilot since he left university
(Anh ấy đã làm phi công từ khi anh ấy học xong đại học)
IT IS + TIME + SINCE + S + SIMPLE PAST (Đã kể từ khi )
It is over six months since John last had his hair cut (Đã 6 tháng kể từ khi John cắt tóc)
IT + BE + PHRASE + THAT CLAUSE (chính là )
It is the manager, not his assistant, that I want to see
(Chính ông quản lí, chứ không phải người phụ tá của ông ấy, là người tôi muốn gặp)
NEITHER + S1 + NOR + S2 + V (cả lẫn đều không )
(động từ chia theo chủ ngữ đứng sau “nor”)
Neither my brother nor I am good at French /Neither I nor my brother is good at
French
(Cả anh của tôi và tôi đều không giỏi tiếng Pháp)
NOT ONLY BUT ALSO / BUT AS WELL (Không những mà còn )
He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me
(Không những anh ấy tiêu hết tiền mà còn mượn một ít của tôi)
Trang 3S1 + HAD + NO SOONER + PP + THAN + S2 + SIMPLE PAST
S1 + HAD + HARDLY/SCARELY + PP + WHEN + S2 + SIMPLE PAST
( vừa mới thì )
I had no sooner opened the door than the telephone rang
(Tôi vừa mở cửa vào thì điện thoại reo)
I had scarely closed the door when somebody started to knock
(Tôi vừa đóng cửa thì có ai đó gõ cửa)
NO SOONER + HAD + S + PP + THAN + S + SIMPLE PAST
HARDLY/SCARELY + HAD + S + PP + WHEN + S + SIMPLE PAST
No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again
NO MATER HOW + ADJ/ADV + S + V , (Dù thế nào đi nữa )
No matter how intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this
(Dù bạn thông minh thế nào đi nữa thì bạn cũng nên cẩn thận về điều này)
PREFER + V_ing/N + TO + V_ing/N
= PREFER + TO_INF + RATHER THAN + BARE INF
= WOULD RATHER + BARE INF + THAN + BARE INF
= WOULD RATHER + BARE INF + O1 + THAN + O2
= LIKE + V_ing/N + BETTER THAN + V_ing/N
(cả 5 mẫu câu này đều có nghĩa là “thích hơn”)
Tom prefers reading to talking (Tom thích đọc hơn nói)
Tom would rather read than talk (Tom thích đọc hơn nói)
Tom likes reading better than talking (Tom thích đọc hơn nói)
II/ SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
TO_INF + BE + ADJ → IT + BE + ADJ + TO_INF
IT + BE + ADJ + G
HOW + ADJ + (IT + BE) + TO_INF
To sit here with you is so nice → It’s so nice to sit here with you
→ It’s so nice sitting here with you → How nice (it is) to sit here with you
(Ngồi đây với bạn thật tuyệt)
TO_INF + BE + ADJ/N → S + V + IT + ADJ/N + TO_INF
To be there on time is important → I find it important to be there on time
(Tôi nhận thấy có mặt ở đó đúng giờ thì rất quan trọng)
Living on my salary must be hard
> I find it hard to live on my salary
(Tôi thấy khó sống dựa trên lương của mình)
THAT CLAUSE + BE + ADJ → S + V + IT + ADJ + THAT CLAUSE
That we should keep calm is important → I think it important that we should keep calm
(Quan trọng là chúng ta phải giữ bình tĩnh)
Trang 4SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT
The tea was too hot for me to drink (Trà nóng quá tôi không thể uống)
→ The tea was so hot that I couldn’t drink it (Trà nóng đến nỗi tôi không thể uống được)
→ It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it (Đõ là một tách trà nóng đến nỗi tôi k thể uống đc)
It is time for S.b to do S.th = it's time that S.b did smth
eg: It's very high time for you to go now
> It's very high time that you went now
(Lưu ý đôi khi nếu gặp IT WAS TIME thì vế đằng sau các em phải chia thành had done – lùi 1 thì phải ko nào?)
ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF → SO + ADJ + THAT
SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT
This song is simple enough for all of us to sing (Bài hát này đủ đơn giản để tất cả chúng ta hát)
→ This song is so simple that all of us can sing it
(Bài hát này đơn giản đến nỗi tất cả chúng ta đều hát được)
→ It is such a simple song that all of us can sing it
SO + ADJ + THAT → TOO + ADJ + FOR + TO_INF
SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF
The jacket is so small that I can’t wear it → The jacket is too small for me to wear
So + adj + that (clause)
Such + (a/an adj) noun + that (clause)
eg: The box was so heavy that the children couldn’t carry it
> It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it
TOO + ADJ + FOR + TO_INF ↔ ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF
The tea was too hot for her to drink ↔ The tea was not cold enough for her to drink
SO + ADJ + THAT ↔ SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT
It is such lovely weather that we spend the whole day in the garden
→ The weather is so lovely that we spend the whole day in the garden
Lưu ý đôi khi còn có thể gặp đảo ngữ:
So lovely is the weather that we spend the whole day in the garden
ALTHOUGH/THOUGH + CLAUSE (Mặc dù nhƣng )
↔ DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF + N/V_ing/THE FACT THAT + CLAUSE
Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of his car
→ In spite of/ Despite his broken leg/ his leg being broken, he managed to get out
of his car
→ In spite of/ Despite the fact that his leg was broken, he managed to get out of his car
Trang 5BECAUSE + CLAUSE ↔ BECAUSE OF + (ADJ) + N (Bởi vì )
Because she behaves well, everybody loves her
↔ Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her
IF NOT = UNLESS (Nếu không thì/ Trừ
phi )
He’ll die if nobody brings him to hospital ↔ Unless somebody brings him to hosital, he’ll die
(Anh ấy sẽ chết nếu không có ai đưa tới bệnh viện/ Trừ phi có người đưa anh ấy đến bệnh viện, anh ấy sẽ chết)
REAL PAST SITUATION ↔ IF + PAST PERFECT
(điều kiện có thật ở quá khứ) (câu điều kiện loại 3)
We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money
↔ If we had had enough money, we would/could have gone on holiday
Mẹo: Tình huống được đưa ra ở hiện tại, kết quả ở hiện tại/tương lai thì chuyển sang ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2 Tình huống đưa ra ở quá khứ, kết quả ở quá khứ thì chuyển sang ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3 Cũng có thể gặp dạng CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRỘN nếu tình huống đưa ra ở quá khứ và kết quả ở hiện tại
a) I can't see the play because it is solded out
> If the play weren’t solded out, I could see it
(nếu vở kịch ko bị bán hết vé (hiện tại), tôi có thể xem nó
(IF ONLY/I WISH the play weren’t sold out) b) We didn’t go on holiday because
we didn’t have enough money
-> If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday
(Nếu chúng tôi đã có đủ tiền, chúng tôi đã có thể đi nghỉ mát)
PAST SITUATION ↔ WISH + HAD + PP
FUTURE WOULD + INF
(Điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại/quá khứ/ tương lai -> ước )
I am sorry that I didn’t go to the library last Sunday
(Tôi tiếc không đi tới thư viện chủ nhật trước)
↔ I wish that I had gone to the party last Sunday (Tôi ước chủ nhật trước đã
không đi tới thư viện)
Trang 61 “ Why don’t you put better lock on the door,Barbara”? said John
> John suggested
2 Although his both legs were broken in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded
> Despite his
3 I haven’t eaten this kind of food before
> This is the first
4 After fighting the fire for 12 hours the firemen succeeded in putting it out . >The firemen manged
5 The architect has drawn plans for an extentionto the house
>Plans
6 In Staford-on-Avon we saw Shakespeare’s birthplace
. >We saw the house
7 It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday
. >You
8 “ How many survivors are there?”, asked the journalist
> the journalist wanted to know
9 It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away
=>The meat was
10 It is essential that Profesor Van Helsing is met at the airport
.=> Profesor Van Helsing
11 You can’t visit the USA unless you get a visa
=>If you
12 “ Can I borrow your typewriter,Janet”? asked Peter
=>Peter asked if
13 She started working as a secretary five years ago
=>She has
14 She knows a lot more about it than I do
=>I don’t know
15 My French friend finds driving on the left difficult
.=> My French friend isn’t
16 They think the owner of the house is abroad 2
=> The owner
17 We didn’t go on holiday because we did not have enough money
.=>If we
18.The children couldn’t go swimming because the sea was rough
=>The sea was too
19 What a pity you failed your driving test
=> I wish
Trang 720 The mechanic seviced my car last week
.=> I
21 I’m always nervous when I travel by air
=> Travelling
22 He couldn’t efford to buy the car,
=>The car
23 “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?” he asked
=>He suggested
24 Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job
=> In spite of
25 I’m sorry I missed your birthday party
.=>I wish
26 They haven’t cleaned the streets this week
=>The streets
27 Apples are usually cheaper than oranges
=>Apple are not
28 I advice you to put your money in the bank
=>You’d
29 That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there
=> It is such
30 He was annoyed because his secretary came late ti work
=>He objected
31 I’ll pick the children up if you like
=>Would you
32 He objected to the fact that his secretary came to work late
.=>He was annoyed
33 Tom is the most industious pupil
=> No other pupil
34 When did they buy the house?
=> How long is it
35 She isn’t accustomed to life in London
.=>She’s not used to
36 “Don’t forget to phone the office,”she told him
=>She reminded
37 I’m afraid I haven’t got time to listen to you 3
=> I wish
38 The police has just released John
=>John
39 I couldn’t hear them because they were speaking too softly
.=> They were speaking
Trang 840 We spent 5 hours getting to London
=>It took
41 I get to work in 20 minutes
=>It
42 It is necessary that this work be finished by Monday
=>This work
43 It’s a pity I didn’t take my doctor’s advice
=>I wish
44 The bread is so tale we can’t eat it
=> The bread isn’t
45 Who does this bag belong to?
=? Whose
46 My boyfriend is very short-tempered
=>My boyfriend loses
47 You can use it as long as you like, and it won’t wear out
=>No matter
48 If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home
=>Get
49 How have you been getting on with your enquiries?
=>How much
50.I gave Ted the massage, but he already knew about it
.=>I needn’t
51 The trains couldn’t run because of the snow
The snow………
52 I didn’t arrived in time to see him
I wasn’t early………
53 I’m sorry I was rude to you yesterday
I apologise………
54 She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train
If………
55 Barbara is the best tennis-player in the club
No one………
56 I haven’t seen that man here before
It’s………
57 The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it
The furniture was too………
58 The robbers made the bank manager hand over on the money
The bank manager……… 4
Trang 959 Tom learned to drive when he was nineteen
Tom has………
60 She had never been so unhappy before
She was unhappier………
61 It was so late that nothing could be done
It was too………
62 I asked the hotel porter to wake me at 8 o’clock the following morning
“Please………
63 They’ll have to change the date of the meeting again
The date………
64 The garage is going to repair the car for us next week
We are going ………
65 The bus take s longer than the train
The train………
66 John has not had his hair cut for over six months
It is………
67 Maria says she’d like to have been put in a higher class
Maria wishes………
68 Would you like me to finish the work tonight?
I’ll………
69 You may get hungry on the train, so take some sandwiches
In………
70 My husband didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station
If my husband………
71 “I don’t think John will come”, said Bill
Bill doubted………
72 The postman was bitten by our dog
Our dog………
73 We couldn’t drive because of the fog
The fog prevented………
74 Although his leg was broken he managed to get out of the car
In spite………
75 The cake was so hard so I couldn’t cat it
It was………
76 We didn’t go because it rained
If it hadn’t………
77 I can’t cook as well as my mother does
My mother………
78 I don’t suppose you have change for a pound, do you?
Do you happen………
Trang 1079 He failed to win the race
He didn’t
80 Mary rang hours and hourd ago
It’s hours………
81 I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework last night
I wish………
82 She asked Michael how she liked her new dress
“How………
83 A train leaves at 8 o’clock every morning
There is………
84 Nobody can deny that she has a beautiful voice
It………
85 I would like you t help me to put the chairs away
Do you mind………
86 The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor
Unless………
87 He would prefer you to pay him immediately
He’d rather………
88 The water was so cold that the children couldn’t swim in it
The water was not
89 Somebody repaired her car yesterday
She
90 You must see the manager tomorrow morning
You’ve
91 There was never any answers when we rang
Every
92 That’s an insulting name to use for him
Don’t call
93 John asked if it was the blue one or the green she wanted
Which
94 She liked Paris very little, and Rome less
She thought Rome
95 I can meet you if you arrive before eleven
So
96 They will catch all the prisoners again by tonight
All the prisoners
97 I’ve warned you not go to near that dog
I’ve warned you about
98 No, please don’t tell him
I’d rather