Test bank saladin anatomy and physiology unity of form and function 6th ch16

Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #4 Learning Outcome: 16.02.c Explain the mechanisms of pain and the spinal blocking of pain signals.. Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #5 Learning Outcome: 16.

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17 The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a local electrical change specifically called a(an)

A a response of a sensory receptor

B a response of a sensory organ

C a subjective awareness of a stimulus

D an unconscious response to a stimulus

E a response to any conscious stimulus

19 Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pH are detected by

A the sensory projection of the sense of smell

B the projection pathway of the sense of smell

C the tonic nature of the sense of smell

D the phasic nature of the sense of smell

E the fast adaptation of the primary olfactory cortex to the smell of your deodorant

22 This organ does not have nociceptors

23 Pain, heat, and cold are detected by

A tactile (Meissner) discs

B tactile corpuscles

C lamellar (pacinian) corpuscles

D free nerve endings

E end (Krause) bulbs

24 These are all analgesics (pain relievers) naturally occurring in the central nervous system except

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25 Most second-order somesthetic neurons synapse with third-order neurons in the

B the spinothalamic tract

C lower motor neurons

D second-order neurons

E the reticulospinal tract

27 This figure shows the structure of a taste bud Which cell produces a receptor potential?

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32 _ is the only sense in which signals can reach the cerebral cortex without passing first through the thalamus

E the tympanic cavity

36 This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear What does "3" represent?

A the incus

B the malleus

C the stapes

D the oval window

E the round window

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37 This figure shows the spiral organ (organ of Corti) Which structure acts as a transducer?

39 Which structure allows upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the tympanic cavity?

A the oval window

B the cochlear duct

C the auditory canal

D the auditory (eustachian) tube

40 Stimuli produced by sound waves reach the brain following the pathway:

A.cochlear duct → spiral organ → ossicles → oval window → auditory canal → tympanic membrane → fibers of cochlear nerve

B.auditory canal → tympanic membrane → oval window → cochlear duct → ossicles → spiral organ → fibers of cochlear nerve

C.cochlear duct → oval window → auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → spiral organ → fibers of cochlear nerve

D.tympanic membrane → auditory canal → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ → fibers of cochlear nerve

E.auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ → fibers of cochlear nerve

41 Which of these is most vulnerable to irreversible damage caused by a very loud noise?

A the ossicles

B cochlear hair cells

C the tympanic membrane

D fibers of the cochlear nerve

E the tectorial membrane

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42 Each upward movement of the _ causes the stereocilia of the inner hair cells to bend, opening _ gates

43 A 100 dB sound (loud) of 150 Hz (low pitch) would cause the

A tectorial membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end

B tectorial membrane to vibrate vigorously near its proximal end

C basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its proximal end

D basilar membrane to vibrate vigorously near its distal end

E basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end

44 When you spin while sitting in a swivel chair with your eyes closed, you can sense this movement by means of your

A cochlea

B saccule

C semicircular ducts

D utricle

E spiral organ (organ of Corti)

45 When you travel in an elevator, the _ senses when the elevator is moving

A inner hair cells of the basilar membrane

B outer hair cells of the basilar membrane

C hair cells of the tectorial membrane

D hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula utriculi

E hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula sacculi

46 The crista ampullaris is associated with

A static equilibrium related to standing still

B static acceleration related to linear acceleration

C dynamic equilibrium related to angular acceleration

D hearing related to high-pitch sounds

E vision related to color

47 The _ do(does) not contribute to the sense of equilibrium

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48 This figure shows a schematic of the layers of the retinal cells What does "5" represent?

C the lacrimal apparatus

D the superior oblique

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52 Glaucoma is a state of elevated pressure within the eye that occurs when the _ is obstructed so the _

is not reabsorbed as fast as it is secreted

A scleral venous sinus; aqueous humor

B posterior chamber; aqueous humor

C anterior chamber; vitreous humor

D scleral venous sinus; vitreous humor

E pupil; aqueous humor

53 Nerve fibers from all regions of the retina converge on the _ and exit the eye by way of the optic nerve

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57 This figure shows the metabolism of a visual pigment Which step(s) represent(s) bleaching?

58 The fact that cones exhibit less neuronal convergence than rods do is part of the reason that

A rod cells cannot distinguish different colors from each other

B rod cells do not function in bright light

C no images are perceived within the optic disc

D cone cells do not see in black and white

E photopic (day) vision has higher resolution than scotopic (night) vision

59 _ are the only retinal cells that produce action potentials

60 The duplicity theory of vision holds that

A a single type of receptor system cannot produce both high sensitivity and high resolution

B cones and rods are responsible for both photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision

C cones are responsible for both photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision

D light adaptation and dark adaptation are adjustments in vision to changing light intensities

E there are short-wavelength cones and long-wavelength cones

61 The first-order neurons in the visual pathway are

A the optic nerve fibers

B the rods and cones

C the ganglion cells

D the bipolar cells of the retina

E the photoreceptors of the eye

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62 Half of the fibers of each optic nerve decussate at the _

63 Adjustment to close-range vision involves all of the following except

A activity of the extrinsic eye muscles

B change in the curvature of the lens

C constriction of the pupil

D ciliary muscle activity

E light adaptation

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Section: 16.01 Topic: Nervous System

2 Sensory receptors sense only stimuli external to the body, such as light, sound waves, smell, and

touch

FALSE

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #2 Learning Outcome: 16.01.a Define receptor and sense organ.

3 Most somesthetic signals in the right side of the body reach the cerebral cortex in the contralateral

primary somesthetic area

TRUE

Blooms Level: 2 Understand Chapter - Chapter 16 #3 Learning Outcome: 16.02.b Describe the projection pathways for the general senses.

4 Fast pain is a localized response mediated by myelinated nerve fibers

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #4 Learning Outcome: 16.02.c Explain the mechanisms of pain and the spinal blocking of pain signals.

5 Divergent sensory pathways explain the phenomenon of referred pain

FALSE

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #5 Learning Outcome: 16.02.c Explain the mechanisms of pain and the spinal blocking of pain signals.

6 Olfaction results from the stimulation of chemoreceptors

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #6 Learning Outcome: 16.03.a Explain how taste and smell receptors are stimulated.

7 Taste signals travel from the tongue through the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #7 Learning Outcome: 16.03.a Explain how taste and smell receptors are stimulated.

8 The ossicles belong to the middle ear

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #8 Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.

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9 The macula sacculi is nearly horizontal and the macula utriculi is nearly vertical

FALSE

10 The vestibule contains organs of hearing and equilibrium

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2 Understand Chapter - Chapter 16 #10 Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.

11 The middle ear consists of a fluid-filled chamber

FALSE

12 The cornea belongs to the tunica fibrosa (fibrous layer) of the eyeball

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #12 Learning Outcome: 16.05.a Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory structures.

13 Light falling on the retina is absorbed by rhodopsin and photopsin in the pigment epithelium

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2 Understand Chapter - Chapter 16 #13 Learning Outcome: 16.05.a Describe the anatomy of the eye and its accessory structures.

14 Rods secrete glutamate from the base of the cell when exposed to light

FALSE

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #14 Learning Outcome: 16.05.d Discuss how the retina converts this image to nerve signals.

15 Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of rhodopsin

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #15 Learning Outcome: 16.05.e Explain why different types of receptor cells and neural circuits are required for day and night vision.

16 The output energy of all receptors is a type of _ energy

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17 The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a local electrical change specifically called

18 What is a sensation?

A a response of a sensory receptor

B a response of a sensory organ

C a subjective awareness of a stimulus

D an unconscious response to a stimulus

E a response to any conscious stimulus

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #18 Learning Outcome: 16.01.a Define receptor and sense organ.

19 Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pH are detected by

20 Changes in blood pressure are detected by _ in arteries

21 You can smell the fragrance of your deodorant when you just put it on, but after a little while the smell

fades What explains this phenomenon?

A the sensory projection of the sense of smell

B the projection pathway of the sense of smell

C the tonic nature of the sense of smell

D the phasic nature of the sense of smell

E the fast adaptation of the primary olfactory cortex to the smell of your deodorant

Blooms Level: 3 Apply Chapter - Chapter 16 #21 Learning Outcome: 16.01.b List the four kinds of information obtained from sensory receptors, and describe how the nervous system encodes each type.

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22 This organ does not have nociceptors

23 Pain, heat, and cold are detected by

A tactile (Meissner) discs

B tactile corpuscles

C lamellar (pacinian) corpuscles

D free nerve endings

E end (Krause) bulbs

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #23 Learning Outcome: 16.02.a List several types of somatosensory receptors.

24 These are all analgesics (pain relievers) naturally occurring in the central nervous system except

25 Most second-order somesthetic neurons synapse with third-order neurons in the

26 These structures are all involved with spinal gating of pain signals except

A nociceptors

B the spinothalamic tract

C lower motor neurons

D second-order neurons

E the reticulospinal tract

Blooms Level: 3 Apply Chapter - Chapter 16 #26 Learning Outcome: 16.02.c Explain the mechanisms of pain and the spinal blocking of pain signals.

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28 What structure is visible to the naked eye?

29 What taste sensation is produced by amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid?

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31 The primary olfactory cortex is located in the

32 _ is the only sense in which signals can reach the cerebral cortex without passing first through the

33 Infrasonic frequencies below _ Hz are not detected by the human ear, whereas ultrasonic

frequencies above _ Hz are inaudible vibrations

Chapter - Chapter 16

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34 This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear Which structure belongs to the inner ear?

A the cochlea

B the vestibule

C the semicircular duct

D the stapes

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #35

Figure: 16.11 Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.

A the incus

B the malleus

C the stapes

D the oval window

E the round window

Blooms Level: 1 Remember Chapter - Chapter 16 #36

Figure: 16.11 Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.

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38 The structure shown in this figure is located within which of the following structures?

39 Which structure allows upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the tympanic cavity?

A the oval window

B the cochlear duct

C the auditory canal

D the auditory (eustachian) tube

Blooms Level: 3 Apply Chapter - Chapter 16 #39 Learning Outcome: 16.04.b Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the ear.

40 Stimuli produced by sound waves reach the brain following the pathway:

A.cochlear duct → spiral organ → ossicles → oval window → auditory canal → tympanic membrane →

fibers of cochlear nerve

B.auditory canal → tympanic membrane → oval window → cochlear duct → ossicles → spiral organ →

C.cochlear duct → oval window → auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → spiral organ →

D.tympanic membrane → auditory canal → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ →

E.auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ →

Blooms Level: 3 Apply Chapter - Chapter 16 #40 Learning Outcome: 16.04.e Describe the pathways taken by auditory and vestibular signals to the brain.

41 Which of these is most vulnerable to irreversible damage caused by a very loud noise?

A the ossicles

B cochlear hair cells

C the tympanic membrane

D fibers of the cochlear nerve

E the tectorial membrane

Blooms Level: 2 Understand Chapter - Chapter 16 #41 Learning Outcome: 16.01.b List the four kinds of information obtained from sensory receptors, and describe how the nervous system encodes each type.

Learning Outcome: 16.04.a Identify the properties of sound waves that account for pitch and loudness.

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