Test bank saladin anatomy and physiology unity of form and function 6th ch4

FALSE Difficulty: Apply / Analyze Saladin - Chapter 04 #3 Section: 4.2 Genes and Their Action Topic: Genetics 2.. TRUE Difficulty: Apply / Analyze Saladin - Chapter 04 #4 Section: 4.2 Ge

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Student: _

1 A gene can be defined as an information-containing segment of RNA that codes for the production of a polypeptide

True False

2 Although all cells synthesize phospholipids, there are no genes for phospholipids

True False

3 DNA never migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to participate directly in protein synthesis True False

4 The enzyme RNA polymerase participates in translation

True False

5 There are three codons that do not code for any amino acid

True False

6 All proteins made by the ribosomes are exported from a cell for use elsewhere in the body

True False

7 DNA is a polymer of , which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a

A amino acids; nucleotide

B nucleic acids; nucleotide

C nucleotides; nitrogenous base

D nucleotides; nucleic acid

E proteins; nucleotide

8 If a DNA molecule were known to be 22% thymine (T), what would be the percentage of guanine (G)?

A 8%

B 11%

C 22%

D 28%

E 78%

9 Which of these is the correct sequence from simpler to more complex?

A chromatin, carbon, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, DNA

B carbon, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, chromatin, DNA

C chromatin, DNA, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, carbon

D carbon, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, chromatin, DNA

E carbon, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, DNA, chromatin

10 A is composed of a granular cluster of eight proteins called

with DNA wound around them, plus a short segment of linker DNA

A nucleosome; centrosomes

B nucleosome; histones

C chromosome; histones

D chromosome; centromeres

E centromere; chromatin

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11 is the DNA base sequence complementary to the strand TGCCAT

A TGCCAT

B UGCCAU

C ACGGTA

D ACGGUA

E ACCGTA

12 A contains the necessary information for the production of a molecule of RNA

A genome

B gene

C nucleotide

D genetic code

E codon

13 All the DNA in one 23-chromosome set is called

A the chromosome

B a chromatid

C chromatin

D the gene

E the genome

14 The human genome consists of

A about 35,000 genes

B over 2 million genes

C A, T, C, G, and U

D DNA and RNA

E the genotype and phenotype

15 Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called , whereas using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called

A transcription; translation

B translation; transcription

C DNA replication; translation

D DNA duplication; transcription

E DNA translation; RNA transcription

16 All of the following are directly involved in translation except

A DNA

B mRNA

C tRNA

D rRNA

E ribosomes

17 Transcription occurs in the _, but most translation occurs in the _

A nucleus; cytoplasm

B nucleus; nucleolus

C cytoplasm; nucleus

D nucleolus; cytoplasm

E nucleolus; rough endoplasmic reticulum

18 _ are turned on or off by regulatory proteins in accordance with changing needs for the _ they encode

A Enzymes; products

B Ribosomes; proteins

C Genes; proteins

D Proteins; genes

E Genes; ribosomes

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19 Anticodons, codons, and base triplets correspond to , respectively

A tRNA, DNA, and mRNA

B DNA, tRNA, and mRNA

C tRNA, mRNA, and DNA

D DNA, RNA, and pre-mRNA

E RNA, DNA, and pre-mRNA

20 After translation, a protein may undergo structural changes called modifications

A splicing

B posttranscriptional

C posttranslational

D polyribosomal

E secretory

21 Since there are no genes coding for carbohydrates, nucleic acids, or lipids, how do cells produce them?

A Enzymes encoded by genes synthesize these products

B Cells are born with all the products they need

C Cells absorb these products by endocytosis

D Cells import these products from older cells

E Cells can produce carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids out of proteins

22

The genetic code is the correspondence between the _ and the _ that they represent

1-18-2013

A DNA molecule; 20 amino acids

B DNA molecule; 64 amino acids

C mRNA anticodons; 20 amino acids

D mRNA codons; 64 amino acids

E mRNA codons; 20 amino acids

23 You were able to radioactively tag and thereby trace an amino acid that is used to make insulin, a

hormone that will be exported out of the cell The pathway of the tagged amino acid would be

A free ribosome → cytosol → vesicle → extracellular fluid

B rough ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid

C rough ER → smooth ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid

D smooth ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid

E smooth ER → Golgi complex → lysosome → extracellular fluid

24 The gene coding for a polypeptide made of 51 amino acids would have a minimum number of

A 20 bases

B 51 bases

C between 51 bases and 102 bases

D between 102 bases and 153 bases

E 153 bases

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25 This figure shows translation of mRNA What does "A" show?

A the molecule that carries codons

B the molecule that carries anticodons

C the molecule that carries base triplets

D the molecule that carries amino acids

E the molecule that carries tRNA

26 This figure shows translation of mRNA What does "E" show?

A a newly synthesized amino acid

B a newly synthesized polypeptide

C a newly synthesized nucleic acid

D mRNA

E tRNA

27 This figure shows translation of mRNA What does "C" show?

A mRNA

B DNA

C tRNA

D mRNA bound to one amino acid

E tRNA bound to one amino acid

28 DNA polymerase is most active in

A S

B G1

C G2

D M

E G0

29 G1, S, and G2 phases are collectively called

A interphase

B telophase

C cytokinesis

D prophase

E anaphase

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30 All of the following participate in DNA replication except

A DNA

B ribosomes

C DNA ligase

D DNA helicase

E DNA polymerase

31 Cytokinesis overlaps with which phase of mitosis?

A the S phase

B telophase

C metaphase

D prophase

E interphase

32 A mutation is

A a change in size or shape of a cell

B a beneficial change in DNA structure

C a harmful change in DNA structure

D a neutral change in DNA structure

E a change in DNA structure that might be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

33 DNA replication is called semiconservative because

A each daughter DNA consists of one new helix and one old helix

B each daughter DNA consists of one new nucleotide and one old nucleotide

C each daughter DNA consists of one new chromatid and one old chromatid

D each daughter cell receives one new chromatid and one old chromatid

E each daughter cell receives one new helix and one old helix

34 _ opens up one segment of the DNA helix during replication, whereas _ adds complementary free nucleotides to the exposed DNA strand

A DNA ligase; DNA helicase

B DNA helicase; DNA polymerase

C DNA ligase; DNA polymerase

D DNA helicase; DNA ligase

E DNA polymerase; DNA ligase

35 All these can cause a mutation except

A radiation

B viruses

C chemicals

D a mistake made by the DNA polymerase

E a mistake made by the RNA polymerase

36 Cell division is stimulated by _ and suppressed by

A mitosis; cytokinesis

B mitosis; contact inhibition

C cell size; cytokinesis

D growth factors; contact inhibition

E cell size; contact inhibition

37 The stage at which chromosomes aggregate along the equator of a cell is

A prophase

B metaphase

C anaphase

D telophase

E interphase

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38 Which of these processes occurs during a cell's first gap (G1) phase?

A DNA is semiconservatively replicated

B The nuclear envelope breaks down

C The cell synthesizes the enzymes that control mitosis

D The cell synthesizes proteins and grows

E The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes

39 Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of a cell during

A S phase

B G2 phase

C prophase

D metaphase

E anaphase

40 Chromatin shortens and thickens, coiling into compact rods during

A telophase

B anaphase

C interphase

D prophase

E metaphase

41 Which of the following omits some stage(s) of the cell cycle?

A G1, S, G2, mitotic phase

B interphase, mitotic phase

C G1, DNA replication, G2, mitotic phase

D prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

E interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

42 A karyotype shows the chromosomes sorted and isolated from a cell in

A 23; interphase

B 23; metaphase

C 46; prophase

D 46; metaphase

E 46; S phase

43 All these are found in the karyotype of a normal human male, except

A 46 chromosomes

B 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

C X and Y chromosomes

D 46 chromatids

E 92 DNA molecules

44 A cell finishing mitosis has DNA molecules, while a cell finishing DNA replication has DNA molecules

A 46; 46

B 46; 92

C 46; 23

D 23; 46

E 23; 23

45 If one allele is not phenotypically expressed in the presence of another, we say that it is a(an)

allele

A homozygous

B heterozygous

C recessive

D dominant

E suppressed

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46 Hemophilia is caused by a sex-linked recessive allele This means that

A women can be carriers but cannot get hemophilia

B the gene is found on the Y chromosome

C a man can give the allele to his son but not to his daughter

D a son who has hemophilia inherited the allele from his mother

E a son who has hemophilia inherited the allele from his father

47 Eye color is caused by genes at multiple loci This phenomenon is called

A pleiotropy

B sex linkage

C polygenic inheritance

D incomplete dominance

E multiple carriers

48 Germ cells have _ unpaired chromosomes and are thus called

cells

A 23; somatic

B 23; haploid

C 23; diploid

D 46; somatic

E 46; diploid

49 The allele for cleft chin (C) is dominant to the allele for uncleft chin (c) A male and female who are both heterozygous for cleft chin have a child What is the chance that this child will have an uncleft chin?

A 0

B 25%

C 50%

D 75%

E 100%

50 The alleles possessed by all members of a population collectively are called the

A species DNA

B population DNA

C gene pool

D chromosomes

E genes

51 In familial hypercholesterolemia, individuals with two abnormal alleles die of heart attacks in childhood, those with only one abnormal allele typically die as young adults, and those with two normal alleles have normal life expectancies This exemplifies

A penetrance

B codominance

C pleiotropy

D complete dominance

E incomplete dominance

52 All of the body's nonreproductive cells, called , usually have and are thus called cells

A germ cells; 23 pairs of chromosomes; haploid

B germ cells; 23 chromosomes; haploid

C somatic cells; 23 pairs of chromosomes; haploid

D somatic cells; 23 pairs of chromosomes; diploid

E somatic cells; 23 chromosomes; diploid

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4 Key

1 A gene can be defined as an information-containing segment of RNA that codes for the production of

a polypeptide

FALSE

Difficulty: Apply / Analyze Saladin - Chapter 04 #3 Section: 4.2 Genes and Their Action

Topic: Genetics

2 Although all cells synthesize phospholipids, there are no genes for phospholipids

TRUE

Topic: Genetics

3 DNA never migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to participate directly in protein synthesis

TRUE

Difficulty: Remember / Understand

Saladin - Chapter 04 #5 Section: 4.2 Genes and Their Action

Topic: Genetics

4 The enzyme RNA polymerase participates in translation

FALSE

Topic: Genetics

5 There are three codons that do not code for any amino acid

TRUE

Topic: Genetics

6 All proteins made by the ribosomes are exported from a cell for use elsewhere in the body

FALSE

Topic: Genetics

7 DNA is a polymer of , which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and

a

A amino acids; nucleotide

B nucleic acids; nucleotide

C nucleotides; nitrogenous base

D nucleotides; nucleic acid

E proteins; nucleotide

Difficulty: Remember / Understand Saladin - Chapter 04 #16 Section: 4.1 DNA and RNA-The Nucleic Acids

Topic: Genetics

8 If a DNA molecule were known to be 22% thymine (T), what would be the percentage of guanine

(G)?

A 8%

B 11%

C 22%

D 28%

E 78%

Difficulty: Evaluate / Create Saladin - Chapter 04 #17 Section: 4.1 DNA and RNA-The Nucleic Acids

Topic: Genetics

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9 Which of these is the correct sequence from simpler to more complex?

A chromatin, carbon, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, DNA

B carbon, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, chromatin, DNA

C chromatin, DNA, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, carbon

D carbon, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, chromatin, DNA

E carbon, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, DNA, chromatin

Difficulty: Apply / Analyze Saladin - Chapter 04 #18 Section: 4.1 DNA and RNA-The Nucleic Acids

Topic: Genetics

10 A is composed of a granular cluster of eight proteins called

with DNA wound around them, plus a short segment of linker

DNA

A nucleosome; centrosomes

B nucleosome; histones

C chromosome; histones

D chromosome; centromeres

E centromere; chromatin

Topic: Genetics

11 is the DNA base sequence complementary to the strand TGCCAT

A TGCCAT

B UGCCAU

C ACGGTA

D ACGGUA

E ACCGTA

Topic: Genetics

12 A contains the necessary information for the production of a molecule

of RNA

A genome

B gene

C nucleotide

D genetic code

E codon

Topic: Genetics

13 All the DNA in one 23-chromosome set is called

A the chromosome

B a chromatid

C chromatin

D the gene

E the genome.

Difficulty: Remember / Understand Saladin - Chapter 04 #22 Section: 4.2 Genes and Their Action

Topic: Genetics

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14 The human genome consists of

A about 35,000 genes.

B over 2 million genes

C A, T, C, G, and U

D DNA and RNA

E the genotype and phenotype

Topic: Genetics

15 Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called ,

whereas using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called

A transcription; translation

B translation; transcription

C DNA replication; translation

D DNA duplication; transcription

E DNA translation; RNA transcription

Topic: Genetics

16 All of the following are directly involved in translation except

A DNA.

B mRNA

C tRNA

D rRNA

E ribosomes

Topic: Genetics

17 Transcription occurs in the _, but most translation occurs in the

_

A nucleus; cytoplasm

B nucleus; nucleolus

C cytoplasm; nucleus

D nucleolus; cytoplasm

E nucleolus; rough endoplasmic reticulum

Topic: Genetics

18 _ are turned on or off by regulatory proteins in accordance with changing needs

for the _ they encode

A Enzymes; products

B Ribosomes; proteins

C Genes; proteins

D Proteins; genes

E Genes; ribosomes

Topic: Genetics

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