Test bank saladin anatomy and physiology unity of form and function 6th ch3 (1)

the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B.. Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __________, but water molecules cross

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16 All of the generalizations below constitute the modern cell theory except

A an organism's structure and all of its functions are ultimately due to the activities of its cells

B all cells come only from preexisting cells

C all cells occupy space

D all organisms are composed of cells and cell products

E the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life

17 cells are thick in the middle and tapered toward the end

B nutrients available in the environment of a cell

C the relationship between its volume and length

D the relationship between its length and surface area

E the relationship between its volume and surface area

19 The fluid outside of a cell is called

A being able to produce photographs of the specimen

B being able to work in a vacuum

C being able to show individual molecules

D producing higher resolution

E working better with thinner tissue specimens

22 are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane

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24 A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid, but only to certain ones That is to say, the receptor exhibits

C changes in electrical potential (voltage) across the plasma membrane

D physical deformation of the plasma membrane

E water in the extracellular fluid

28 act like identification tags in the glycocalyx that enable the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells

A Cilia; microvilli; flagella

B Microvilli; cilia; flagella

C Microvilli; flagella; cilia

D Flagella; microvilli; cilia

E Flagella; cilia; microvilli

30 Cells lining the small intestine are specialized for absorption of nutrients Their plasma membrane has

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31 This figure shows the plasma membrane What does "A" represent?

35 Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane If solution A has a higher

concentration of a nonpermeating solute than solution B, then,

A the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B

B the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A

C water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B

D water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A

E neither the solute nor water will diffuse

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36 _ is the process in which forces water and small solutes such as salts through narrow clefts between capillary cells

A Filtration; hydrostatic pressure

B Osmosis; hydrostatic pressure

C Active transport; osmotic pressure

D Active transport; hydrostatic pressure

E Osmosis; osmotic pressure

37 Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called , but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called

E filtration; water pumps

38 Insulin is taken up by endocytosis by endothelial cells lining capillaries, and then transported across the cell to the other side, where it is released This transport is called

E uniport; facilitated diffusion

40 The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium their

concentration gradients in a process called

A up; active transport

B up; facilitated transport

C up; cotransport

D down; active transport

E down; countertransport

41 A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution The concentration of solutes in the solution is

than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid and will cause the cell to

42 Facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common that both

A are processes involving transport of a solute up its concentration gradient

B are processes involving transport of a solute down its concentration gradient

C are processes involving the use of energy provided by ATP

D are processes ATP independent

E are cases of carrier-mediated transport

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43 describes the number of particles of a solute in a solution, whereas is the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell

B transport of Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell

C secondary active transport

D regulation of cell volume

E maintenance of membrane potential

48 A patient was severely dehydrated, losing a large amount of fluid The patient was given intravenous fluids of normal saline Normal saline is to your blood cells and is about NaCl

49 Which of these is an example of active transport?

A diffusion of oxygen from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration

B facilitated diffusion of K+

C transport of glucose down its concentration gradient

D transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration

E transport of Cl- following its concentration gradient

50 Which of these bring nonspecific material into a cell?

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51 These are all membranous organelles except

A mitochondria

B ribosomes

C the nucleus

D endoplasmic reticulum

E the Golgi complex

52 Among other functions, hepatocytes (liver cells) are specialized in detoxifying drugs or other chemicals Hepatocytes have large amounts of

54 What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death?

A rough endoplasmic reticulum

56 This organelle synthesizes steroids in the ovary and stores calcium in muscle cells

A smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B rough endoplasmic reticulum

A Smooth ER; rough ER

B The Golgi complex; rough ER

C Smooth ER; the Golgi complex

D The Golgi complex; smooth ER

E Ribosomes; smooth ER

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59 decompose fatty acids, and detoxify alcohol, free radicals, and drugs

C The plasma membrane

D The Golgi complex

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64 This figure shows the structure of a representative cell What does "C" represent?

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3 Key

1 The most important advantage of transmission electron microscope (TEM) over light microscope

(LM) is its higher resolution

TRUE

Bloom's Level: 2 Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01.d Discuss the way that developments in microscopy have changed our view of cell structure.

Saladin - Chapter 03 #1 Section: 03.01 Topic: Cells

2 If a cell doubled in diameter, it would have twice as much cytoplasm to maintain

FALSE

Bloom's Level: 3 Apply Learning Outcome: 03.01.c State the size range of human cells and discuss factors that limit cell size.

3 In the plasma membrane, glycolipids and glycoproteins face toward the cytoplasm, while peripheral

proteins always face toward the ECF

FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1 Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.a Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.

4 A cell's second messengers serve to transport material through the plasma membrane

FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1 Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.c Describe the second-messenger system and discuss its importance in human physiology.

5 Microvilli and cilia differ in their function but have the same internal structure

FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1 Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.e Describe the structure and functions of microvilli, cilia, and flagella.

6 Ligand-gated channels are membrane proteins that open or close in response to the binding of a

7 The greater the concentration gradient the faster the diffusion rate

TRUE

Bloom's Level: 2 Understand Learning Outcome: 03.03.b Describe the various mechanisms for transporting material through the plasma membrane.

8 The Na+-K+ ATPase is a countertransport antiport carrier, which always requires energy

TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1 Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.b Describe the various mechanisms for transporting material through the plasma membrane.

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9 The sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLT) is one example of an active transport process involving

10 One example of pinocytosis is the uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) by endothelial cells

11 Both the nucleus and the mitochondrion are surrounded by two layers of unit membrane

12 The nucleus is the largest organelle in most cells

13 Ribosomes are made of proteins and RNA

14 The Golgi complex makes peroxisomes but not lysosomes

15 A crystal of calcium phosphate in the cytoplasm of a cell should be classified as an inclusion

16 All of the generalizations below constitute the modern cell theory except

A an organism's structure and all of its functions are ultimately due to the activities of its cells

B all cells come only from preexisting cells

C all cells occupy space

D all organisms are composed of cells and cell products

E the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life

Bloom's Level: 1 Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01.a Discuss the development and modern tenets of the cell theory.

Saladin - Chapter 03 #16

Section: 03.01 Topic: Cells

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17 cells are thick in the middle and tapered toward the end

18 Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter What limits how large a cell can be?

A a cell's lifespan

B nutrients available in the environment of a cell

C the relationship between its volume and length

D the relationship between its length and surface area

E the relationship between its volume and surface area

Bloom's Level: 2 Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01.c State the size range of human cells and discuss factors that limit cell size.

19 The fluid outside of a cell is called

20 The flat-shaped cells found covering the skin are

21 Although the transmission electron microscope (TEM) can magnify much more than a light

microscope, even at identical magnifications the TEM has the advantage of

A being able to produce photographs of the specimen

B being able to work in a vacuum

C being able to show individual molecules

D producing higher resolution

E working better with thinner tissue specimens

Bloom's Level: 2 Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01.d Discuss the way that developments in microscopy have changed our view of cell structure.

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22 are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane

23 _ are membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate

24 A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular

fluid, but only to certain ones That is to say, the receptor exhibits

25 In its second-messenger role, cAMP activates enzymes called , whose job is to regulate other

enzymes by adding phosphate groups to them

26 Transmembrane proteins that make up enzymes in the plasma membrane are made up of hydrophilic

and hydrophobic regions Most amino acids embedded in the membrane are , while most amino acids facing the extracellular fluid are

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27 Gates respond to all these stimuli except

A chemical messengers

B ligands

C changes in electrical potential (voltage) across the plasma membrane

D physical deformation of the plasma membrane

E water in the extracellular fluid

Bloom's Level: 3 Apply Learning Outcome: 03.02.b Explain the functions of the lipid, protein, and carbohydrate components of the plasma membrane.

28 act like identification tags in the glycocalyx that enable the body to distinguish its own cells

from foreign and diseased cells

29 provide motility to a cell, act as sensory "antenna" in many cells, and

increase a cell's surface area

A Cilia; microvilli; flagella

B Microvilli; cilia; flagella

C Microvilli; flagella; cilia

D Flagella; microvilli; cilia

E Flagella; cilia; microvilli

Bloom's Level: 1 Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.e Describe the structure and functions of microvilli, cilia, and flagella.

30 Cells lining the small intestine are specialized for absorption of nutrients Their plasma membrane has

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Learning Outcome: 03.02.a Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.

32 This figure shows the plasma membrane What does "C" represent?

33 This figure shows the plasma membrane What does "D" represent?

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34 _ consume ATP when transferring solutes from one side to the other side of the plasma

35 Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane If solution A has a higher

concentration of a nonpermeating solute than solution B, then,

A the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B

B the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A

C water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B

D water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A

E neither the solute nor water will diffuse

Bloom's Level: 5 Evaluate Learning Outcome: 03.03.c Define osmolarity and tonicity and explain their importance.

36 _ is the process in which forces water and small solutes such as salts

through narrow clefts between capillary cells

A Filtration; hydrostatic pressure

B Osmosis; hydrostatic pressure

C Active transport; osmotic pressure

D Active transport; hydrostatic pressure

E Osmosis; osmotic pressure

Bloom's Level: 3 Apply Learning Outcome: 03.03.b Describe the various mechanisms for transporting material through the plasma membrane.

37 Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called , but water

molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called

E filtration; water pumps

38 Insulin is taken up by endocytosis by endothelial cells lining capillaries, and then transported across

the cell to the other side, where it is released This transport is called

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39 Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal cell The

carrier protein is a(n) and the process is called

A symport; cotransport

B symport; countertransport

C antiport; countertransport

D antiport; cotransport

E uniport; facilitated diffusion

40 The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium their

concentration gradients in a process called

A up; active transport

B up; facilitated transport

41 A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution The concentration of solutes in the solution is

than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid and will cause the cell to

42 Facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common that both

A are processes involving transport of a solute up its concentration gradient

B are processes involving transport of a solute down its concentration gradient

C are processes involving the use of energy provided by ATP

D are processes ATP independent

E are cases of carrier-mediated transport

Bloom's Level: 3 Apply Learning Outcome: 03.03.b Describe the various mechanisms for transporting material through the plasma membrane.

43 describes the number of particles of a solute in a solution, whereas is the ability of a

solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell

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