English for chemical engineering and petrochemical refining lesson 3 hydrocarbon

Carbonic acid Nitric acid Nitrous acid Sulfuric acid Sulfurous acid... Acid formula Acid name Negative ion Name of negative ionAcet ic acid Carbon ic acid Nitr ic acid Nitr ous acid Sulf

ENGLISH FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

AND PETROCHEMICAL - REFINERY

Hoang Anh Viet Dung

Oct 2016

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Stannous /ˈstænəs/ Stannic /ˈstænɪk/

Aluminum oxide

Ferrous oxide Ferric oxide Cuprous oxide Cupric oxide Stannous oxide Stannic oxide

FeO

Fe2O3

Cu2O CuO SnO SnO2

Ferrous hydroxide Ferric hydroxide Cuprous hydroxide Cupric hydroxide

Fe(OH)2Fe(OH)3CuOH Cu(OH)2

3-Fluor ide /ˈflʊəraɪd/

Chlor ide /ˈklɔːraɪd/

Brom ide /ˈbrəʊmaɪd/

Iod ide /ˈaɪ əˌdaɪd/

Ox ide /ˈɒksaɪd/

Nitr ide /ˈnaɪ traɪd/

Carb ide /ˈkɑrbaɪd/

Sulf ide /ˈsʌl faɪd/

Phosph ide /ˈfɒs faɪd/

Carbonic acid Nitric acid Nitrous acid Sulfuric acid Sulfurous acid

Acid formula Acid name Negative ion Name of negative ion

Acet ic acid Carbon ic acid

Nitr ic acid Nitr ous acid Sulfur ic acid

Sulfur ous acid

Danh pháp

Nomenclature of chemistryDanh pháp hóa học

Electrical charge

Ion Cation Anion

Review lesson 2

Abbreviation /əbriːviˈeɪʃən/

e.g: for example (exempli gratia)

etc: “and the other”, “and others thing”, “and the rest” (et cetera)

Prefix /ˈpriːfɪks/ tiền tố, tiếp đầu ngữ

Prefix for number

Lesson 3 - Content

Reading: kydrocarbons

Reading skill: keyword technique

Grammar: comparison with adjective Exercises

LESSON 3 – Text 1

Hydrocarbon

• Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms Thesimplest hydrocarbon is methane, CH4 Its molecules are tetrahedral, the fourhydrogen atoms lying at the corners of a regular tetrahedron around the carbonatom, and connected with the carbon atom with single bonds Methane is a gas,which occurs in natural gas, and is used as a fuel It is also used in large quantitiesfor the manufacture of carbon black, by combustion with a limited supply of air Thehydrogen burns to water, and the carbon is deposited as very finely divided carbon,which finds extensive use as filler for rubber for automobile tires

• Methane is the first member of a series of hydrocarbons having the general formulaCnH2n+2, called the methane series or paraffin series The compounds of this seriesare not very reactive chemically They occur in complex mixtures called petroleum.The molecules heavier than ethane are characterized by containing carbon atomsattached to one another by single bonds The lighter members of the paraffin seriesare gases, the intermediate members are liquids, and the heavier members are solid

or semi-solid substances Gasoline is the heptane-nonane mixture, and kerosenethe decane-hexadecane mixture Heavy fuel oil is a mixture of paraffins containingtwenty or more atoms per molecule The lubricating oils and solid paraffin aremixtures of still larger paraffin molecules

LESSON 3 – Vocabulary

to contain /kənˈteɪn/ chứa , có, bao gồm

Methane /ˈmɛθ eɪn/ mê-tan

Tetrahedral /ˌtɛtrəˈhi drəl/ tứ diện

to lie /laɪ/ nằm, vị trí ở

Lying: v-ing form of “lie”

to occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ xuất hiện, có mặt

Quantity /ˈkwɒn tɪ ti/ số lượng

Complex /ˈkɒmpleks/

Ethane /ˈiːθeɪn/

to characterize /ˈkærɪktəraɪz/ Bond /bɒnd/

Single bond Heavy fuel oil Lubricating oil /ˈluːbrɪkeɪting/

1 What kinds of substances are hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

2 What is methane?

Methane is a gas, which occurs in natural gas

3 What is methane used for?

Methane is used as a fuel and in large quantities for the manufacture of carbon black.

4 What is the formula of methane?

The formula of methane is CH4

5 What is the general formula of paraffin series?

The general formula of paraffin series is CnH2n+2

6 How many atoms per molecule are there in heavy fuel oil?

There are twenty or more atoms per molecule.

Exercise 1: questions

LESSON 3 – Text 1

Hydrocarbon

1.Hydrocarbon là hợp chất phổ biến rộng rãi nhất của hydro và carbon, được tồn tại trong tự nhiên.

Hydrocarbon/ substance/ popular/ hydrogen/ carbon/ exist/ natural

Hydrocarbons are the most popular substances of hydrogen and carbon that exist in natural.

2.Methan là loại khí có trong khí đốt tự nhiên được sử dụng chủ yếu làm nhiên liệu.

Methane/ gas/ natural gas/ used/ mostly/ fuel

Methane is a gas which occurs in natural gas and is used mostly

as a fuel.

Exercise 2: translate into Vietnamese

LESSON 3 – Text 1

Hydrocarbon

Bay hơi

Derivative

Dẫn xuất

Oil and Gas industry

Công nghiệp dầu khí

Natural gas price:

$US/mmBtuOne thousand thousandBritish thermal unit

mmBtu: 1 triệu Btu, = 1.054615 GJ

LNG (liquefied natural gas)

Khí thiên nhiên hóa lỏng

LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)

Khí dầu mỏ hóa lỏng

Gasoline

xăng

Kerosene – Jet fuel

Xăng máy bay

Lubricating oil

Dầu bôi trơn

Paraffin waxAsphalt = bitumen

How shall we travel? Shall we drive or go by train?

Let's drive it's cheaper.

Don't go by train lt's more expensive.

Cheaper and more expensive a re comparative forms

After comparatives you can use than:

lt's cheaper to drive than go by train.

Going by train is more expensive than driving

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Lesson 3: Grammar Comparative adjective

+ You're older than me.

+ I am thinner than him

Long adjectives more/less

more serious more oftenmore expensive more comfortable+ You are more serious than me

+ This bicycle is moreexpensive than that one

Two-syllable adj ending in y

-y = -ier

lucky = luckier easy = easier early = earlier pretty = prettier

+ She is luckier than me+ This lesson is easier thanthat one

Lesson 3: Grammar Comparative adjective

Irregular form:

Good = better

This book is better than that one.

Bad = worse

How's your headache? Better? No, it's worse.

Far = farther / further

What is the longest river all over the world?

What was the most enjoyable holiday you’ve ever had?

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Lesson 3: Grammar Superlative adjective

+ You're older than me.

+ I am thinner than him

Long adjectives the most + adj

enjoyable = the most enjoyableInteresting = the most interestingexpensive = the most expensive popular = the most popular

+ Football is the most popular sport in Vietnam+ What’s the most expensive you’ve ever bought?

To say that as one thing changes, another thing also changes

Càng … thì càng …

The –er/more/less + adj + S + V, the –er/more/less + adj + S + V

The better the joke (is), the louder the laugh (is).

The longer Sue stays in Canada, the less likely she will ever go back to England.

It almost seems that the more expensive the wedding, the shorter the marriage.

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Lesson 3: Grammar

Enough + NOUN

Ex Is there enough bread?

Do you have enough money?

ADJ + enough

Ex The house was comfortable enough but not luxurious.

We are not in a strong enough financial position to cut taxes.

ADJ + NOUN

I haven’t got big enough nails for the job.

I haven’t got enough big nails for the job.

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Lesson 3: Grammar

TOO + ADJ + TO

quá… để….

The beams are too weak to support the roof.

She was too ashamed to admit her mistake.

If we need to mention the things or people involved, we do this with for.

The garage was just about big enough for two cars to fit in.

The suitcase was too small (for him) to get all his clothes in.

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Lesson 3: Grammar

Complete the sentences with an appropriate comparative or superlative form of the given adjective.

1 I feel much … (relaxed) now that the exams are over.

2 Our new car is a little … (wide) than our old one, but still fits easily into the

garage.

3 Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people now consider her to

be the … (forceful) figure in British politics.

4 Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the … (common) cause of death among sea birds.

5 It’s has been the … (hot) day in London for 35 years.

6 The alkenes are … (chemically reactive) than the alkanes.

7 The … (soon) you start studying for your English examination, the … (good) for

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with an appropriate comparative or superlative adjective.

1 I feel much … (relaxed) now that the exams are over.

 I feel much more relaxed now that the exams are over.

2 Our new car is a little … (wide) than our old one, but still fits easily into the garage.

Our new car is a little wider than our old one, but still fits easily into the garage.

3 Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people now consider her to

be the … (forceful) figure in British politics.

 Her latest speech was strong and confident, and some people now consider her

to be the most forceful figure in British politics.

4 Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the … (common) cause of death among sea birds.

 Scientists claim that oil pollution is now the most common cause of death among sea birds.

Lesson 3: Grammar

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Complete the sentences with an appropriate comparative or superlative

adjective.

5 It’s has been the … (hot) day in London for 35 years.

It’s has been the hottest day in London for 35 years.

6 The alkenes are … (chemically reactive) than the alkanes.

The alkenes are more chemically reactive than the alkanes.

7 The … (soon) you start studying for your English examination, the … (good) for you.

 The sooner you start studying for your English examination, the better for you.

8 The … (efficient) machines we have, the … (few) workers are required

 The more efficient machines we have, the fewer workers are required

Lesson 3: Grammar

Exercise

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Lesson 3: Homework

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- Read and translate into Vietnamese text 1