All Rights ReservedModules Introduction: Trait Aspects of Personality 8.1: The History of Trait Approaches 8.2: Gordon Allport’s Trait Psychology 8.3: The Big Five... All Rights Reserved
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Personality
Sixth edition
Chapter 8
Trait Aspects of Personality
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Modules
Introduction: Trait Aspects of Personality 8.1: The History of Trait Approaches
8.2: Gordon Allport’s Trait Psychology
8.3: The Big Five
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Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
8.1: Evaluate the development of different
approaches to analyzing traits
8.2: Analyze the claims made by Gordon Allport’s trait psychology
8.3: Examine the five dimensions of the most
common trait approaches to personality
8.4: Examine how people judge the personalities of other people
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Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
8.5: Review the concept of personality types
8.6: Use the concept of motive to understand
personality
8.7: Scrutinize the relationship between personality and expressive style
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Introduction: Trait Aspects of
Personality?
• Different approaches to analyzing traits
• Five dimensions of most common trait approaches
to personality
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Objective: Evaluate the development of different approaches to analyzing traits
• Traits for characters in stories
• Greek contribution
• Modern approaches
8.1: The History of Trait Approaches
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8.1.1: Jung’s Extroversion and Introversion
• Trait approaches
• Myers-Brigg Type Indicator
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8.1.2: The Use of Statistics
• Factor analysis
• Cattell’s approach
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8.1.3: Q-data,T-data, L-data, and the 16PF
• Q-data
• T-data
• L-data
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Objective: Analyze the claims made by Gordon Allport’s trait psychology
• Allport’s first meeting with Freud
• Allport’s approach
8.2: Gordon Allport’s Trait Psychology
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8.2.1: The Importance of Culture
• Studying prejudice
• Studying cultural influences on personality
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8.2.2: Functional Equivalence
• Drawbacks of factor analysis
• Allport’s solution
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8.2.3: Common Traits
• Common biological heritage
• Childhood experiences
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Objective: Examine the five dimensions of the most common trait approaches to personality
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8.3.1: How Was the Big Five Model Developed?
• Overview
• Factor analysis
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8.3.2: Career Pathways and Other Important Outcomes
• Extroverts
• Conscientiousness
• Agreeableness
• Entrepreneurs
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8.3.3: More Than Five? Fewer Than Five?
• Derived from new knowledge
• Cattell’s scheme
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8.3.4: Eysenck’s Big Three and Related Alternatives
• Hans Eysenck
• Eysenck’s theory
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8.3.5: Evidence for Eysenck’s Approach
• Study: Zuckerman, Joireman, Kraft, & Kuhlman,
1999
• Point 2: Study: Wilt & Revelle, 2009
• Point 3: Study: Lucas & Diener, 2001
• Point 4: Study: Canli, 2006; Canli et al., 2001
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Objective: Examine how people judge the personalities of other people
• Love at first sight
• Implications
8.4: Personality Judgments
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8.4.1: Consensus in Personality Judgments
• Strangers making judgments
• Self-rating
• Peers and friends making judgments
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8.4.2: Limits of Trait Conceptions
• Other aspects that affect
• Are professionals better?
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Objective: Review the concept of personality types
• Different types of personality
• Type theories
8.5: Types
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Objective: Use the concept of motive to understand personality
• What are motives?
• Types of needs
8.6: Motives
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8.6.1: Measuring Motivation
• Using self-report tests
• For unknown needs
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8.6.2: Motivational Approach to Traits
• Need for achievement
• Need for affiliation
• Need for power
• Need for exhibition
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Objective: Scrutinize the relationship between personality and expressive style
• Expressive style elements of cartoon characters
• Consistency in human characteristics
8.7: Expressive Style
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8.7.1: Emotional Expressiveness
• Relationship of expressive style to personality
• Overall expressiveness
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8.7.2: Dominance, Leadership, Influence
• Dominant people
• Expressive people
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8.7.3: Expressiveness and Health
• Healthy personality
• Unhealthy personality
• Studying nonverbal social skill
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Conclusion: Trait Aspects of Personality
• Advantages
• Limitations
• Common assessment techniques
• Implications for therapy