_ Tia trllllg t[II11: lhflllg t" Ie voi phim dbd lrong XlClll banh e e... XU'O'ng khop co chan,I... KyIhu~1 ehupr:J, chan Ih~ny, Irue eua ban chan xoay vao Irong mil g6c BO', lia trung t
Trang 1I. Ml)C DICH CHl,J1lXUONG nANl1 CHE
_ Tim ti\n thuo g va XtCdn):', h nh c e do ehfrn thuong.
_ C a c tim thuo g bcnh I y,I1I1Ut la do thoai khop.
11.KY THUAT CH~JP XUONG BANI ICHE
Ch~IP x o g banh c e tha g hi dhu JUdi xuong dui va d~u tren x o g chay ch khuat,
do vay chup xu u b nh c e g C lIl1 ur lh~ n hicn va chup banh c e thco true.
A Chup nghieng
_ Nhir L'1!~IPkho g6i ngluc g: Benh nha n m n hii n v~ ben t6n thuo g. DUu g/)i ben cfll1 chup g (lp nhc, hoac dGthco tv lh l: <l nan n u b nh n i in dau hU(IC cung khcip Mu6n d~ ch khop g6i lh~l nghieng, di;it gej xucng
c ay ~l)n s o g v(li 111 ( 11 b n, e6 ch n duoc k btllg gf>i d~m Chan bcn
k a g Ch~IPJuoi tlll ~ lng 1'1\ sau hoi;ie ra truo
_ Phim 13x 18 em d~l Ul( l i m~t ngoai k a g6i di~ e lnh x o g b[ll1h e e vao tru g lam phim.
_ Tia trllllg t[II11: lhflllg t" Ie voi phim dbd lrong XlC(lll banh e e.
_ Thollg sGclll}P: 4() · )()) V, 15 mAs, 100 em, k an I c i c 6 g md.
B Chl:lP theo trl:lc xU'011gbanh che
1 Til th~s5p
_ B ~ nh nhfll1 ntm sf lp Ir C 'l1 ban dwp cfrn cha bell d illCh IPc o le sao cho
mLjCtieu h9C t~p
• Trinh bay dU'9cky thu?t chup )(u~ng b'~.nhch~:
26
Trang 2Bai 5 X U' o ng bfmh (h e 27
v o g gl ' ll' \' (1 i xiro g dui , l o g b a n c h : n hiro g l e n trcn ,
- Ph i m ll x 1 8 c m d ? t dU C1 idui sao c h xl w n b a nh c h c v a o g ifr a phim
- Tin tr u ng tam: c h 6c h m o t goc 15( 1 so vt' li plu( ei n th / ln g dirn g hl( d ~ IC ' n
ph ia c1 ~ u qu a ui ~ m g iC( a h dlt ( 1i XU( l l1l:! b a nh c h c vao g i C ( a phim
- Th o ng s i chup: 5 0 kV, 20 mA s , Ion e rn kho g Il(c i c o g m o
2 Til th~ quy g( ~ i
- Benh nhan quy g5 i tr e n h a n chup Ch a n h e n d c hup g ~p t 6 i d a, m?t t n ( l ' je c5 n chfin si lt phim
- Phim I _ h I H em kc chcch xuo g dl(c ' li h h g g( ~i l1 9 1ll th co mat d g c a [ II'
l e n , Xl(clll l:! 11 [ lI1hchc v ao g iir a phim
- Tin trung tam : tuy t h eo u O ch e ch ('I'la X I(1n g h a nh c h i ' , thiro g kh oa nj ,!O
-5 ° thco pluro g th ~ n dirng, qu a d i ~m g iil' a h ei trc x c n banh c hc V;lO
gi il'a ph i Ill
- Thong s 6c1u}p: 50 kV , 20 m As , IOn c m , kh 6 g lue j c ll(~n m d
3 Til th~ n5m IIJ!lfn C Hinh 1-17 )
- B ~ nh nh fl n n 5 m nglf a tr e n b a n ch~ l p C h a n b c n cf ll1 chl,lp g? P 1 ? i sao c h
d g c h i ll1 va X l( o g c1ui t ?O mO t go (' kh o1 ll1 g 9 0 °
- Phim 1 x 1 8 e m U ? t th ~ n g goe V[\o X I (llll:! du i h e n kh()J) g g? P sao c h x\(t1 g
h f ll1h ch i· V ; O g in a phim
- Tin trllllJ! tam: ui n ga ng g iG' a m ? t SIIII xl(dn g h i mh c h i, va vao g iil' a phi l n
- Thong s ~ c h ~p : 50 kV, 20 m As , lOO e m , kh 6 g Il(C l c h n m d
Llru y : N611 (' 1l~ l p so sf ll1h x uon g b f ll1h e lll' thl t a dun g co philll t o h a n, va di'lt s o
e h o 2 x lt d g h [ lnh e he cf ll1 d 6 i va n ga n h ( l ll l! nh a ll Ti a trlln g t a m di ng a n) q a
di ~ 1ll nf l g i ( ; 1 2 x l( d g h i mh e h e
Trang 3XU'O'ng khop co chan,
I cAcCHi 8!NH CIIUP
A Dau khop co chan sau chan thuong
MQt ch§.n tht ctnj; k op c6 chan, du It hay nhi011 d0 a h lnru g toi co nan ):! 1)(': kh~ g dinh co 11\11thiro g xiron hay khan chi co Xvquang mci tra 1 i <1Lf ~ !l· Vi v~y tham kharn X-quan phai di tnroc dlt' thiirn kharn khac Bao gio cling p iii chup hai tu th6 Ih i 1 g V~ I n hien d~ t m t6 Ihlf(lng.
B.G~y m~t ca chan
Day la m o t g~y nQi kh o , d~c bi e t la g~y nlii crl n goa i S a l'hfin thir o g k hop L'( ~ chan thay: dau ngay sau ch n thuo g, SLing n h m tim, gii'tm v~n do g th] c h
n hi ngay (t~n 1 ( 111 thir o g xuo g
T r c n c hup X-Q U :t l1 g thLfd g co ba 100 ; t6n thlfdng:
- Gny moil eft ngoai do s§.p ban chan ( nai nay hi6m g ~p khoan 20r CIC
t nr o g h(,fp) m~t ca ngoai dai khi gfty n ang.
- Gfty m~ ctl d n va ban chan.
- Gfty m~' crt do xoay hay g~p nh~1 klln:'tng 7'Y Yo h;1I1 chan ngva va :W i y ngoai.
C G~yXU'011gsen
Sau ch A n thlf(1111' k {Jr cC l chan ch n bj Slfll g (() v C1inhtfng vllllg t~l mau do th l (111 1; l<~n day ch ng Xtf(lng sen la mQt XLf(lng 1 ln n lll dk {Jp c f ) clJ;ln , chill l~fC leill 1 11 ': '11
,
.'
29 /
Trang 4:"10 Ch- - -1.-Ky- tllU~t chl;lP X-quang XU'011g kh6'p chi duoi- , -
-k hi h , g~y, b nh nh a n Ihuong mi'" L1;\Ilgh oan loan, su g n nh i v u. Vi V\yca n
c l w p X- qu a n so mu e. X; I C d inh 6 g I l )', 11 1l ( Cu Q t 6 thu o g
D.V 'wong got
X l( ll g g {) l vo d n ; cao n ~ n g{l t X Ullll g n ~ n din g Du ( ln g gI I Y ph ~ n l { ln di q ua
l- h ( 1p se n _ got n n h ~l lh nh a n ha y h i v i e rn khdp va dau kh o s u c h f ll1 thu d g.
Yl ll) );' go t bi c h f tn thl(dn g thu i' Jn g S l(ll g Il va c o d i u hi e u h m tim l a ll r Q n h a i be n ,
r i ll g ; co di t m d a u cll ll i
Ch r lll doan xa c d!llh h r ll1 g chup X - qUilll g thLr d g quy xir ong g(l ! C hup h a i nr th ~
11l; 1I1 t' V~ ln g hi c n ph ; 1l hi ~ n c ac (:!L(111l ):!, gIl Y V ~ I d a nh g i [ 1 goc B u llk !' Goc n ~ I Y du o c
t I \ 1h l' ji uu d g n i g i - (a 1 6 i Cl\ tru l c vi i sa u Vl li d'inh x d g go t hlllll thU l ln g kh o ~ tn g
I l U ", gl l C n a y m i t (rlln g tnr i'J n hl , lp V I s~ p xu d g go t.
II KYTIIUAT CHl,JP KHOr CO CHAN
A Ky thu~t chl;lPth~ng (lllnh 1-1 8)
_ B ~ nh nh f ll1 "hilln lra h o ~ l' Il gl \ i tr e n b a n clwp , ch f lll d in l'IlI._lP du 6 i th i ng.
_ Phim 1 3 x 1 H e ll1 tr c n b a n 1.1 ( 11llI ~ t s au g o t sf lt phim , klll ' jp n \ ch u V[IOg ilta
phim
_ B a n c h a n xuay nh y VaG trun g m Q t go c kho a ng 80 ° s o v lli phim N hu v~ y ,
du d g n i Il a i m ~ t ca s~ sllng s o g v di phim h o~ c trl)c x ltdn g b a n n go n 4
v o g goe vl li phim.
+
Hinh 1.18 KyIhu~1 ehupr:J, chan Ih~ny, Irue eua ban chan xoay vao Irong mi)l g6c BO', lia
trung tam th~ng goc giu'a hai mat ca chan
{
, r -
Trang 5Bal 6, XU ' 011g kh6p co chan, XU'011g g61 31
- Tin trung tfnn: di th~ng g6c hoac c 0ch tv trcn x (\ng ch~ch 10°vt p ia
g l t, q a ( l ~m giC(ad iro g n i ha i m, cfl, VaG trung 18 m phim.
- Thong s~ chup: 50 kV, 25 mAs, IO()ern kho g JUdic o g mo
- B c nh n fi n n~m n g ic n g v ~ b n di n rhup, c a k 6 g chu pd a ra tnrcx
- Phim Ilx IRern, d~t c6 chan Va G trung t irnphim
- Tia trunu tfim: th~ng g6c toi ui~m 1lI ~ 1 rl l tro g, tia ra V~lOtrung tam phim
- T h n s f 1chup: 4 5 kV , 25 m /v s, IO () er n kh o g Il( { li cl 1l 1 g m o.
Hlnh 1-19, Ky thu$tchu e 6cha nghieng,tia trungt{lln th~ng qoc a~nrn~t ca trang, vao trllng
lam phim
Trang 63 2 (h 1 K ythu,lt chup X-Qllang XU ' 011gkhop chi dU ' o i
- _ -, _ - -_.
Ill KYTHlIAl C H l)P XUON ( (JOT
1 T I( th ~ th ( m g sa u , ti a 11 ' ( trcn x 5 ng,
I 'hir n 1 3x 1 8 e m 1 1\ <Ie 1 ~ x24 e m 1 ~ ' 11 l.'I W Pdt h a i x o g g o
I\ ~ n nha n dirn g 1 1" 0 11 ban c hup 11 \1 ; 1 ' S \I1 ph o g ch u , dflll gIl l g l p n e t y
v r o ih a n b d u ng l ll1 g bu n eh f lll < p hi m , x ong gOI V ~ I O g i C r a p llill1.
' l ' i a trun g Him: di ILr ir c XU ( 1I 1 ~ l ' lI ~c h 111 Q t g c k h oa n 3 ( 1 ) S\l v (: li pnuong
Il lr ll1 g du n qu a Ll i01\1 lr ~ n g fll1 1 \ ' ~i ll : ~k h oa ! ng ( )I1 l ay V ~ l V~ ' () phim
Thon g s5chup: 'i () kV , 25 111 ;\S 1()() e m k h n d n ILr ( li Ch t 1I 1 mIl
2 TI( th ~ th 5 g duui , ti a tl( dl( d i l e ll \ 1 Ii n h 1 -20)
P h im X-quang
Hrnh 1-20 Ky thu$t chup xu'dng g6t th&ng, tia trung tam chech m9t qoc kh ang 40°so voi
phU'dngth~ng cWngWi giO'axu'dngg6t vao phim
Trang 7B:ti 6 XU ' 01lg kh6p co chan, xU ' 01lg g ot 3
Phim l x I H c m h oac 18x24 e m n t1 c hup ca h i X l( l1 g go t.
I~ O nh nh fi n n ~ m tr e n b a c hu p , c fi n c hu p du 6 i t h ~ l1 g d (t t m (t t s u gt l t V (I ()
g i [ ta phim , o ba n c a n n gl t a c o th ~ tilin g d ay h ~ l1 g k o m a nh c fil' I1 gl 11l
c i!n ll ' ll phia (1<1u
- Tin tnlllg t a m : d i tir du a i Icn C h l : c h II H ) t g( )C k l 1<l ; l l1 g 4 ° s o vI' li pl H t d ll g
th ' n dl ' tn g , q a g iil a x ir o g go t vi i V i ll g ii1 a p hirn
- Thong , (~chup: 50 k V , 25 m As , J O() e rn , k o g dllll g lu a i c 6 g 111 (1 ,
B.Ky thuat chup nghleng(Hinh J-2J
- B c nh 1111 : ' 111I1 t m n hi c g v ben di n C h~IP,
- Phirn 1 1x J H o t d oc ph i m th e tru r c: 1 g c a , m d t di n go a i v h (1 1l )! () ; l
ba ll C h : 1 1l : P sf lt phirn, lo g h ll cIl t lll vuo n g go c v l " l phim (true ci' l 11 ; 111
- Tin trllllg tilm: t h li n gac vao m fJ t (' : 1 t ro n ella c fl n ,
- T h n S(~ dll}p: 50 kV, 20 m A s, J O () CIll k 6 g IU ( l I'h 6 g m d
chan sechoch mQt goc khaang 10°sa voi phim), tiatrung lam Ih~ng goe voi m;1tccl
trang
Trang 834 ell 1.Kythu~t chyp X - quang xU'ong kh6V ch_i_d_u'_6i _
I V (; I A I PI - AU UN G D UN G PHIM ( ' III.W KHOP c6CHA N
A Clai phllUkhop c~ng -(0 chan
1 Gii'li ph511 kh{lp l'~ng - ellchfin th5ng ( H i nh 1-22 )
Hinh 1-22, Giai phau phim chup khop dng - c6 chan th~ng
1 XU'dngchay.2 Bau dudi xuung chay 3 XU'dngmac, 4 8au du'oi xU'dng mac 5 Matca ngoai, 6 Matca trang, '7.Khop chay mac dU'oi.8 Di¢1l khop xu'dng chay 9 Khe khop 10 XU'dng sen 11 L6i CLlxU'dng sen 12 Xudng g6t 13 M¢t phan
xU'dngg6t
2 Giiii ph511 khl/p ding -e llcluiu nghicng ( Hinh 1 - 23 )
B Giai phau phim khop co ban chan
1 Gi a i ph5u klll'/p c6 - h i m cluin th~ng ( Hinh 1- 24)
2 Giai ph5u khdp c6 -him chan nghieng (Hinh 1-25 )
i
Trang 9Bili 6 XU ' 011g khopc6 chan, XU'011g g6t 35
I 'i""
I "
j "
1
Hlnh 1-23 Giai ph:1Uphim chup khop dng - c6 chan nghieng,
1.XuO'ngchay, 2 XU'dng mac, 3 Matca trcnq 4 Mal ca nooa; 5 Dien khop xuO'ng chay, 6 Khe khop, 7 XU'dng sen, 8 XUO'nggot 9 XuO'ng khop sen got 10 XuO'ng Ihuy~n, 11.XU'dng hQP,Gee Bohler ella xuO'ngqot mQI qoc 130°,
Hlnh 1-24 Giai phau phim chup khop c6 - ban chan th~ng,
1.XuO'ngg t 2 XuO'ngsen 3 XU'dngh p, 4 XuO'ng thuy6n 5 XU'dngch c rn I. 6
XU'dngchern II 7.XU'dngchern III 8.Cac xuO'ngban cha ,
Trang 10- - -
-Hlnh 1-25 Giai phau phirn chup khopcO -ban chan nghieng,
1 Xutjng g6t 2,XU'dngse , 3 XU'dnghQP,4 XU'dng thuye , 5 XU'dng chern I 6
Xutjng chern II 7 XU'dngchern III 8 Cac xU'dngban chan,
Trang 11XU'O'ng khop ban ng6n chan
I cAcCHi UINH cuur
A Chan thuonq
T a i n a n d o n g:i 11() ~ cd o mOt V ? t n a g rei v o h i m chan c 1110gay ra hai l o ui 1(~11 thiro g sau:
- G fty u 1I1 g l ' mchan
Th oa i h oa , v i c m x tron g , Uxiro g
II.KYTHU~T CH(,JPX U O N G KHOr BAN NGC ) N C HAN
A. Ky thuat chup th ' ng (Hinh 1 -26)
- Phirn I Xx.~4e rn , J(lt trcn himchup
- B c nh nluu: c( l Ih ~ n~m n g ira n go i h O t l l ll ' (n g s a o e h di C ' JIl o g b ~ 111chan " l' n
d c hup r ip sf lt t 1g iir a phim t hea chi e u doc
- Tia truru; t5m: c 6c h mot go c kh o an g ro " sov(1ipluron g th ~ n dirn g "i di
van X LC ( jl1 )! h i m 2 eac h d fi u sa u kh o ar u: :2 e m.
- Thong s f,clujp: 4 5 kY , 15 mA s, 100 em, kh o ri g I LC (1 i ch o g m o
C hup n g hicn g 1 !II II, g ca c tnr o g h p c ri n lhl(<llI g va b nh I Y n oa i r a c o th e 11111 d i v~ t nhu m a nh kim khi
3
Trang 1238 ChI. Kythu~t ch~p X-quangxu 'ong khop chi du,~ -' o;
-X u'O ng s e
Cac x u ' ong ng6n ch a
Hlnh 1-26 Ky thu$.t chup ban chan th~ng, tia trung tam chech m¢t goe kho{mg 10°so v(ji
phu'dngth~ng dung va diV [ lOxLfdngban 2 each dau sau khoang 2 em,
_ B e nh nh a n n a m nghicng v~ ben d n c hup
_ Tia truug tam: t h [ lll g go c voi phim v a va o g illa x o ng b a n 1 , va ~) trun g
t a m phim ,
_ Tholl!.! s6 chup: 5 0 kV 2 0 mA s , 100 em , kh o g Ilf C li ch o g m o.
Luu y:co th0 c hup d tvthC:ut1ll g
,
-/
Trang 13Bai 7 XlfO'ng kh6'p ban ng6n chan 39
A
Hinh 1-27 Ky Ihu$t chup ban chan nghieng,IV Ih~narn (A) va IVth~ dUng (B), lia Irungtarn
th~ngcocvoi phim va VaGgiu'a xu'dngban 1,
C.Kythuat drup chech ( Hinh \-28)
_ B (' h nhfi n n m nghien v Q h ( '11 d in c hu p
_ P hi m 1 gx24 e m c1 ~ t d o c h n l ' !1 ; ' 11l ( ' j gilfa phim m itt ca n go a i V; I h( ~ 1ngo; l
h ; lI) c h f ll1 s t p hirn, lo g b n eII C 11) Il ).; iia m ( t g( )l' k h a g 4 ° ,
Trang 1440 Cit 1 Ky thu~t chyp X-Quang XU' 01lg kho? chi du ' o;
_ -_ Tia trung tfun: lh r ll1 g g \ ' ll' \, ; 1 g ilCa lo g h a n c han , Lju a J 0 l ban n o ] V ~ lO
phim.
_ Thong s/ ) chup: 4 ) kV 2 ()lll!\ S , 100 e m , kh o g llc \J j c o g 111 d.
Hinh 1-28 Kythu?t chup ban chan chech, tia trung tam th~ng goc vao giO'along ban chan, qua
dot ban ng6n 3 VaGphirn
( l linh 1 -2 9 )
1
Trang 15Bal 7 Xtronq kh6p ban ng6n chan 41
n
Hlnh 1-29. Giai pha phim chup xU'o'ngkhop ban ch n th~ng
1 XU'o'ngchern I 2 XU'o'ngh(lp.3 BEw xa 4 Bau gan 5 XU'o'ngvLtng 6 Bot 1.7 Bot 2.8 Dot goc 9 Bot giO'a.10 Bot xa.11 XU'o'ngban char
Trang 16XU'O'ng canh tay
;.' :
C; \I1h l ay l a m o t X l (lI l1 g dai co 11I ( 1Ih ; lI1 v a h a i d t u
_ D ~ u treu co C h lH11k ll { lp d ~ ti p kh dp v i h u m kh {j p l c h a o ) c u a x u n b ~ l
va i, co luu m f lll d 9 ng Illll vi i nh o, gi Lia h a i m f l u d ( lli g e l) ra nh cd nh] d t lLl {j
du o i h a i mflll d n g H I C l ph f lLl thu a t , g§.y xlidn g ca nh l ay h ay g§.ydeh 6 nay.
+ L 6 i l' f ,U d n goa i
+ Ro g H Ie dtr o g + Phiu ir c n r a n ro c, t ' J 1l1 ~ lltni de co h v e t + M O llllr e n 1 i ca u tjphin n g a i.
+ Mom i re n r a n roc i'lpill a tr o g.
Morn tr e n r a n roc va 11 m H e ll I ~ )i eh u l a h a i mo e c1 ~ djnh v i tia trun g t a m k hi chup
X- qu a n
_ Gfty th[1Il xucn g d llill lay Than xu c n c[ll1h l ay Ol(I , I C tinh tir du d i eh6 b [ lm
c u a ell n g lf e to c1 ~ n khll ~ \l1 g 4 k ho a t n go n t ay Ir l 'lI kh e k h dp k hll ~ ;lI N ~ lI c1i ~ 11l gf l Y n r lll1 t ro ll g UO ', 11l g idi h <;1 nn ay g 9i l ~ l gf l Y 111 : 111 x lidn g e anh ta y
_ Th eo th - i k ~ t qU ~ 1li 0 11 x l(lln g sa u c1i ~ u tri o
_ Ph [ 1 1 lli ~ n cae t6 n thlidn g b~nh 1 5' do vi e m , u x lidn g .
!
I,
I
Trang 17Bal 8 Xuonq canh t ay 45
Bcnh Ilhfin ntm ng a tren ba lay xuoi , c an du(1i th~ng Chinh cc ~ lay.
ro g roc song son v oi phim Co Ih ~ lot d¢m a v i he d6i die vi i C( \ dinh
d g lay b n mot bao cat (d6i v( ' li Ire nho)
- Phim 24x30 e m , d~t m ji t s au c a nl: lay dn c hup S[II phim , lo g h n r n y n lfa
va cunh lay clan nhe.
gi fra x clng ca nh tay.
Liru y : Co th e : c hup <"I ur Ih~ b e nh nhan ng( \ i c n nh b n h oac dirn g lun g d a a p V; IO g i r l Irco phim Tu Illl ~ n;IY dir oc a p d\lIlg nh5t 1;1(te ~ iv( ' b nh nhtll1 ho bQt.
- LAy dlre , 'Ic loan bQxlfOng canh tay vilo giCfaphim.
L5y lhrc;1 cca h i khdp tren va (ltf(!i it nh11l la m ( lt khdp gan neti hi 1 n
I h l«1J) g,
- Phim C!) de) n t dQ tuCfn phan,
- Phim l'( ' ) le t1l6i benh nha , d 11I'h i' li Irai, ngay th"11l1:! n m Ch\IP,
- n nh Ilh<1nnhm nglfa tren b~ln, lay xu i, h i c f ll1 dueSith5 g, HO ( lc I1gcSi tnfdc h i lll, ho:)c dlfng trudc gia trell philll,
- Philll ~ - 1.\30CI11, d~t l11~ttrang dulll la y sf lt phim V; I v 10giCraphilll Ilte(l Ir\l c
dQc,
- Khll Y Il la g5p , ban tay lip sip dftl Ire'll h~lll g h00C kltll Y u tay du eS iIh ; ~ IIII ~ '
- D i~ lI 1' 11 1 111t Ir lc Clla mom IcSiC~ll v ( ' Int ' m n ' m g J'() l' Ill ii ng goc vdi plt i rll
- Co lilt ' , 1 1d¢11l nh~ vai ben d6i cli('11 v i c6 c1inhdc; i llg tay b~n bao c;' I ( d 1 i vdi lr c' Ilh ( ) ,
c{lllh 1;1 )"
- Thong sf, Chl.IP: 45 kV, 25 mAs, 100 CIII , k o g C It ' lI l t', Ilf(Ji c 6 g m ( ' I
Lu'll y : Co lh chllp cirtf th 6 b nh nh<1nng6i " , IIIIl han ho0c tl l fll l:! n \fC a p v a ~~ i ; ' ,tr l' O
./