tài liệu tiếng anh chuyên ngành phục vụ các sinh viên theo học chuyên ngành quản trị kinh doanh, các chuyên ngành tài chính kế toán; nghiên cứu để nâng cao trình độ ngoại ngữ phục vụ học tập và nâng cao trình độ chuyên môn; thuận lợi trong học tập và nghiên cứu..
Trang 1Năm 1962 chính phủ Anh thành lập một tổ chức chính thức để lập kế hoạch các chính sách kinh tế quốc gia Các thành viên của hội đồng đại diện cho người cho thuê, người làm thuê và những người quan tâm khác
Exercise 1
1 No / No state today is completely communistic
2 No / no state is completely capitalistic
3 Yes / The various national economic systems tend towards communism or capitalism
4 Yes / many are difficult to classify exactly
5 Yes / It has been found necessary in many countries to control or regulate national economic conditions
6 Yes / Even the most dedicated free enterprise systems, such as the USA, have felt this need
7 Yes / The under-developed countries of the world are usually interested in control and long-term planning
8 Yes / India have had a number of plans guided by the government
9 No / as India makes a distinction between the public sector of the economy on the one hand and the private sector on the other hand
10 Yes / as India makes a distinction between the public sector of the economy on the one hand and the private sector on the other hand
11 Yes / Such systems, with public and private sectors, are neither communistic nor capitalistic, but are sometimes called mixed economies
12 Yes / In the public sector of British economic life are the nationalized industries like coal and steel, British Rail and BOAC
13 No /
14 Yes / the British government set up an official body to plan national economic policies This body is called the National Economic Development Council
15 Yes / The members of this council are representatives of the employers, employees
Exercise 2
1 Because the various national economic systems tend towards communism or capitalism
2 They are interested in control and long-term planning
3 It is sometimes called mixed economy
4 In private sector
Trang 25 In 1962 the British government set up an official body to plan national economic policies
Exercise 3
1 complicated
2 simplified
3 consolidated
4 liquidated
5 activated
6 reactivated
7 nationalized
8 internationalized
Language practice
Exercise 1
a This plan is not simple enough We must therefore simplify it The simplification of
plan is essential
b The economy of that country belongs in the Marxist group or class We must therefore
classify it as communistic The classification of the economy of that country is not difficult
c That water is not pure enough It is necessary therefore to purify it The purification of
the water is a matter of public health
d Please send a note to the members of the Council You should notify them of the date of
the next Council meeting The notification should reach them this week
e The economics teacher tried to make the situation clear He tried to clarify his
description by making it simpler When he has made this clarification, his students understood the whole matter much better
Exercise 2
a nation
b national
c nationalize
d nationalized
e nationalization
Trang 3f nationalism
g nationalist
h nationalistic
Text 3.2
Ngày nay không có nước nào hoàn toàn là xã hội chủ nghĩa; không có nước nào hoàn toàn
là tư bản chủ nghĩa Các hệ thống kinh tế của các quốc gia khác nhau thường có xu hướng hướng tới kiểu này hay kiểu kia, nhưng có nhiều hệ thống rất khó phân loại
Ở nhiều nước, thậm chí ở cả những nước hoàn toàn dựa trên các xí nghiệp tự do như Mỹ cũng thấy cần thiết phải kiểm soát và điều tiết nền kinh tế quốc dân Những nước chưa phát triển trên thế giới rất quan tâm đến việc kiểm soát các kế hoạch dài hạn đựợc chính phủ huớng dẫn Ấn
độ có một số các kế hoạch được chính phủ hướng dẫn Ấn độ phân biệt rõ thành phần kinh tế tư nhân và thành phần kinh tế nhà nước Các hệ thống kinh tế kiểu này đôi khi được gọi là nền kinh
tế hỗn hợp
Ngày nay nước Anh có nền kinh tế hỗn hợp Trong thành phần kinh tế nhà nước, nền kinh
tế của Anh là các ngành công nghiệp quốc hữu hoá như như than, thép, ngành xe lửa và BOAC Thành phần kinh tế tư nhân chủ yếu là nền công nghiệp quốc gia cả lớn và nhỏ, từ các công ty lớn như ICI và BP đến các công ty gia đình nhỏ
Năm 1962 thành lập Tổ chức kế hoạch chính thức để hướng dẫn các chính sách kinh tế Tổ chức này được gọi là Hội Đồng Phát Triển Kinh Tế Quốc gia Các thành viên của NEDC là đại diện của các Bang, Hội nghị công đoàn cùng các thành viên của chính phủ, các nhà công nghiệp nổi tiếng và các nhà kinh tế hàng đầu
Chức năng chính của NEDC là lập kế hoạch sản xuất quốc gia và thiết lập các mục tiêu sản xuất Tuy nhiên đó là một vấn đề khó khi lập kế hoạch trước trong nền kinh tế hỗn hợp Không thể lập kế hoạch trước bất kỳ một cái gì chắc chắn thậm chí cả trong nền kinh tế được kiểm soát chặt chẽ vì những thảm hoạ do tự nhiên gây ra, những thay đổi về chính trị và các yếu tố khác có thể ảnh hưởng đến kế hoạch tổng thể không như người ta mong đợi
Exercise 1
1 F / No state today is completely communistic
2 T
3 T
4 T
5 T
6 T
7 F / In the public sector, British economic lives are the nationalised industries
8 T
Trang 49 T
10 F / It is not possible to plan ahead any certainty even in a rigidly controlled economy, because natural disasters, political changes and other factors can affect the general plan
in unexpected ways
Exercise 2.1
1 The economists have organized a commission which must study the economic problems
of Latin America
2 The workers have demanded an investigation which must find out what happened in the factory
3 The Trade Unions have asked for a new plan which must regulate the flow of work
4 The government has proposed a new scheme which must come into operation next year
5 The employers have prepared a special scheme which must be approved by the government
Exercise 2.2
1 The economists have organized a commission to study the economic problems of Latin America
2 The workers have demanded an investigation to find out what happened in the factory
3 The Trade Unions have asked for a new plan to regulate the flow of work
4 The government has proposed a new scheme to come into operation next year
5 The employers have prepared a special scheme to be approved by the government
Exercise 3
1 country
2 dedicated
3 regulate
4 guided
5 distinction
6 sector
7 sectors
8 industries
9 majority
10 giants
Trang 5Listening: Transportation
Exercise 1
a- Weston b- Easton c- Beeton d- Sutton e- Norton f- Ayton
1- true 2- true 3- true 4-true 5- false 6- true 7- false 8- true
KH: Kevin Hughes speaking
NS: Good afternoon My name’s Niger Stroke from GLM Engineering I’m sending some
machinery from Beaten to Norton and I’d like to discuss the best means of transportation A friend told me the cheapest way is by sea
KH: Well you can’t send them directly from Beaten to Norton by sea Norton isn’t even on the
coast
NS: Oh Becton’s on the coast though, isn’t it?
KH: It is, but it hasn’t got a port There’s a port at Easton, though, and you can send goods from
Beaten to Easton by road or rail They can travel from Easton to Sutton by ship and then you can either send them by trailer to Norton or by train via Ayton
NS: And which of those is the best route?
KH: Well it depends how big your consignment is It might be better to send the goods by air
There’s an airport at Norton
NS: And which airport do the goods travel from?
KH: The nearest airport to Beaten is a Weston You’ll have to transport the goods to Weston by
road though There used to be a railway line between Beaten and Weston, but there isn’t any more
NS: I see Perhaps I’ll send the details to you and you can arrange the cheapest route Will you do
that?
KH: That’s what we’re here for I’d be delighted to help
Drill 2
Say the dimensions, like this:
P: Number 1 R: Sixteen by five centimeters
Now you try
P: Thirty by two point five by one meter
R: one point one by five kilometers
Trang 6R: Twenty by four by thirty
centimeters
R:Sixty by meter ten centimeters
R: Nineteen by nought point one
one meters
R: Twenty by two kilometers
P: There isn’t an airport at Ayton
nowadays
R: Did there use to be an airport at Aylon then?
Now you try
P: She’s only worked for GLM
since the takeover
R: Did there use to be a railwayline between Dutton and Norton then? R: Didn’t she use to work for
GLM then?
P: He doesn’t export to Italy now
P: They don’t handle dangerous
cargoes since the accident
R: Did he use to export to Italy then?
R: Did they use to handle
dangerous cargoes then?
P: Transworld arrange airfreight consignments these days
P: Transworld send containerized
goods nowadays
R: Didn’t they yes to arrange airfre ight consignments then?
R: Didn’t they use to send
containerized goods then?
P: They make stereo equipment since they expanded
P: There isn’t a railway line
Between Dutton and Norton any
more
R: Didn’t they use to make stroreo equipment then?
P: Is it quicker by sea than by air? R: No, It’s slower
Now you try
P: Are trains more frequent than
trailers?
R: No It’s quicker
R: No, They’re less frequent P: Is it cheaper by ship than by train?
P: Is it more expensive by train
than by plane?
R: No It’s more expensive
R: No It’s less expensive P: Are ships more frequent than trains?
Trang 7P: Is it slower by train than by
trailer?
R: No They’re less frequent
Drill 5A Comment on John’s out - of - data knowledge, like this
P: John said there was an airport at
Dutton
P: John said she didn’t work for BOS
There used to be an aiport at
Dutton, but there isn’t now
R: She didn’t use to work for BOS But she does now
P: John said they handled
dangerous cargo
P: John said he exported to Spain
R: They used to handle dangerous
cargo, but they don’t now
R: He used to export to Spain, but he doesn’t now
P: John said they didn’t send
containerized goods
P: John said Transworld didn’t arrange airfreight consignments
R: They didn’t use to send
containerized goods, but they do
now
R: They didn’t use to arrange airfreight consignments, but they do now
P: John said there was a railway
line between Dutrton and
Freetown
P: John said they didn’t make computers
R: There used to be a railway line
between Dutton and Freetown, but
there isn’t now
R: They didn’t use to make computers, but they
do now
P: I think there’s an airport at
Dutton
P: I don’t think she works for BOS
R: Yes, John said there was an
airport at Dutton
R: Yes, John said she didn’t work for BOS
Now you try P: I think he exports to Spain
P: I think they handle dangerous
cargo
R: Yes, John said he exported to Spain
R: Yes, John said they didn’t send
containerized goods
P: I don’t think Transworld arrange airfreight consignments
P: I think there’s a railway line
between Duton and Freetown
R: Yes, John said they didn’t arrange airfreight consignments