1600 17001800 1900 50 Primitive 2 Hunting 5 Early agriculture 12 26 Discovering fire Fire and livestock energy Charcoal, water wheel, windmill, horsepower energy Coal Oil 2 4 6 12 7 7 32
Trang 1Standpoint of Management of Technology
JSPS Asian CORE Program Seminar (S‐2)
Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Management
October 6, 2012 Hanoi, Vietnam
Soemon Takakuwa
Nagoya University Coordinator
日本学術振興会
相手国（地域）・機関：
（協力） 天津大学､北京理工大学、西南交通大学
(研究基地学校名)
北京大学（中国）
北京理工大学（中国）
●
天津大学（中国）
西南交通大学（中国）
忠南大学（韓国）
名古屋大学（日本）
●
Asian CORE Program： Schematic Drawing
◎
清華大学（中国）
対外経済貿易大学（中国）
＜Manufacturing＞
＜Teleconference＞
Manufacturing and Environmental Management
Joint research
モンゴル国立大学
（モンゴル）
●
南開大学（中国）
東京大学
陝西師範大学（中国）
●
北海道大学
復旦大学（中国）
＜Environment＞
＜Seminar/Symposium＞
＜Workshop＞
参加機関
拠点機関・協力機関
●南洋理工大学（シンガ
ポール）
海南大学（中国）
●
神戸大学 京都大学 大阪市立大学
ベトナム国家大学（ベトナム）
●
150 200 250 300
Other contries UK Canada Germany India Japan
0 50 100
1971 1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006
Russia China America
Change of CO2 Emission in the World (Source: The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan)
150
200
250
25
75 100
Advanced (26)
Industry (77)
Technology (230)
24 14
Transportation 63
91 Industry Agriculture
1,000,000
100,000 5000 1000 1A.D 1600 17001800 1900
50
Primitive
(2)
Hunting (5)
Early agriculture (12) (26)
Discovering
fire Fire and livestock energy Charcoal, water wheel, windmill, horsepower energy Coal Oil
2 4
6 12 7
7 32 66 Household Service
10 Food Bar graph:
Energy
consumption
per capital
(1000 kal)
Curved line: world's energy consumption
In terms of oil (1 million barrels/days) 1000
Change of Energy Consumption
(Source: Ministry of Environmnent (MOT), Japan – modified)
36%
14%
6% 7%
Industry Transportation Service Household
19%
Others
Breakdown of the source of CO2 Emission in Japan (as of 2007) (source: “Annual Report on the Environment, the Sound Material-Cycle Society and the Biodiversity in Japan ” MOE Japan)
Trang 2Manufacturing and environmental management in east Asia
○The manufacturing industry in the Chubu Region (the central region of Japan) dominates
in the world.
○The east Asian countries have been achieving remarkable economic growth.
○The environmental and the resources problems have been highlighted.
Implementation framework of research and educational plans
Recent trends
○Introducing Japanese management of
manufacturing to manufacturers in the east Asian
○ The bases of
manufacturing shifting to the east
countries
○The destruction of the environment
○Government, industry, and the citizens circles
coping with environmental problems in each
country
○Ex-students at Japanese universities being active
in the various fields in the east Asian countries
Asian countries
○Indispensable
relationship between manufacturing and environment
The necessities of the collaboration:
○To promote both research and education together with the institutions in the east Asian countries for
finding the solutions to the Asian-wide problems.
○To produce teaching materials of manufacturing and environmental management, and to increase
the awareness of the environment for students through education
Drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Reduce, reuse, and recycle resources (3Rs)
Sustainable society
Achieve sustainable economic growth and development while remaining in harmony with the global ecosystem
Climate change and energy/resources
Low‐carbon society
Recycling‐
oriented society
Environmentally‐friendly society
Enable people to enjoy the rich abundance of nature for generations
to come
Climate change and ecosystems Ecosystems and environmental burden
Source: Leading Environmental Nation Strategy in the 21stCentury –Japan’s Strategy for a Sustainable Society (approved by the Cabinet June 1, 2007)
Socio‐environmental management
–from Management Point of View‐
1. Sustainable development
The integration of its economic, environmental and social
components at all levels.
2. Extended producer responsibility (ERP)
An environmental policy approach in which a producer’s
responsibility for a product is extended to the post‐
consumer stage of a product’s life cycle. （ OECD ）
3. Environmental management
Decrease in the burden on the environment from business
activities
Global Environmental Issues
Air Pollution
FACTORY
Offensive odor
PRIVATE HOUSE
Noise
Soil contamination caused
by dumping waste illegally
Discharge to small river or sewers
Vibration
Noise
OFFICE
Groundwater pollution Discharge to soil
river or sewers
Discharge to the water source
(river, pond/lake, ocean)
Pollution; Manufacturing and Environmental Problems (source:Dr Ibusuki (JEMAI))
Recycling-oriented society
(Source: Ministry of Environmnent (MOT), Japan – modified)
Trang 3Port and Harbor Law
<in case of location of port
<in case of location of port ＞＞
Building
Factory Location Law
Waste Disposal and
Public Cleaning Law
Water Pollution
Control Law
Air Pollution Control Law
Offensive Odor Control Law Noise Regulation Law Vibration Regulation Law
＜
＜Outline of Environmental Regulation on Factories Outline of Environmental Regulation on Factories ＞
Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (MEIT), Japan
Building
Standards Law
Framework of environmental law
(Source: Ministry of Environment (MOT), Japan – modified)
Energy Conservation Law, Japan
Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (MEIT), Japan
Environmental initiatives must be carried out by a full spectrum of socioeconomic actors (particularly by the small‐ and medium‐sized institutions that form the backbone of Japan’s industry)
Proactive environmental initiatives are carried out, including efforts to boost energy efficiency, conserve natural resources, and reduce waste in the course of business activities and offer more environmentally‐friendly products and services
Create
Environmental management systems are required to help companies promote and manage environmental initiatives that are efficient, effective, and ongoing
Requires environmental communication:
initiatives must fulfill their social obligation to explain these activities and have them evaluated by society
Environmental management systems that are easy for a broad range of companies and organizations to adopt
Environmental activity reports (environmental reports) that are easy for a broad range of companies and organizations to create
EcoAction 21 Guidelines Purpose and overview of EcoAction 21 (source: EcoAction 21 Japan)
Use of fossil fuels in air
conditioning systems or
boilers
Waste generated at shops
or during the production
process
Water drained from
Greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions Electricity purchased, incineration
of fossil fuels, waste oil, waste plastics, etc
Restrict CO2 emissions
Waste generated Business waste, industrial waste, etc
Restrict waste disposal, recycle
Total water drainage Effluent treatment
Example
business
activities
Identification of environmental burden (self‐check)
Environment
al initiatives (self‐check)
Water drained from
plants or other facilities
Water consumption
during manufacturing
processes
Chemical substances used
in products as raw
materials or during the
manufacturing
process(e.g. during
Total water drainage Discharge into sewers or public waters
Effluent treatment
Water usage City waters, industrial waters, groundwater, etc
Conserve water, use water more efficiently
Chemical substances usage Substances covered by the PRTR program
Restrict and manage chemical substance usage
Business activities and environmental burden items(source: EcoAction 21 Japan)
Quiz
I have a car; its fuel consumption is 10 km/l Suppose
that I drive my car with my friend to go to a city where
the distance is 100 km away from here
the city one way per one person?
(Hints)
‐ Specific gravity of gasoline is 0.75.
‐ Weight of carbon contained in 1 kg of gasoline is 0.85 kg.
‐ Atomic weight of carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are 12 and 16, respectively.
Trang 4(source: EcoAction 21 Japan)
Sample Environmental Efficiency Indicators
Production output or net sales volume (yen)
CO2 emissions (tons) Value added Waste generated (tons) Value added CO2 emissions (tons)
Value added: (1) subtracting the cost of materials and other inputs (outside purchases) from net sales volume, or (2) adding operating profit, labor costs, and depreciation expenses.
(Source: Ministry of Environment, Environmental Reporting Guidelines 2007.)
Environmental Accounting:
Combining Environmental and Economic Activities
as a Basic Tool for Environmental Management
Environmental Management Accounting:
Specialized in internal management of a company
For reports to executives and managers
Used for internal management of a company
(e.g. Material Flow Cost Accounting)
External Environmental Accounting:
Specialized in external reporting
For reports to external stakeholders
(corporate evaluation, etc.)
“ from the cradle to the grave”
(Source: EMA Workbook, METI, Japan)
Social Cost
(Source: Japan Society of P.E.)
Trang 5JSPS Asian CORE Program Seminar
年度 セミナー番号 実施日 場所 セミナー／シンポジウム テーマ
2008年度
S-1 2008年10月04日～05日 Peking University, CHINA International Seminar on Environmental Cooperation between China and Japan
S-2 2008年12月26日～28日 Nagoya University, JAPAN
International Seminar on Manufacturing Management and Environmental Management S-3 2009年3月27日～29日 Beijing Institute of Technology, CHINA
International Seminar on ICT, Manufacturing Management and Environmental Management
2009年度
S-1 2009年9月24日～25日 Marco Polo Parkside Hotel, CHINA International Seminar on Low-Carbon Economy
S-2 2009年11月21日～23日 Nagoya University, JAPAN Management of Manufacturing and Technology in East Asia (Part 1)
S-3 2010年1月04日～06日 Hainan University, CHINA Management of Manufacturing and Technology in East Asia (Part 2)
2010年度
S-1 2010年5月05日～08日 Nankai University, CHINA Manufacturing and Technology Management in East Asia (Part 1)
S-2 2010年5月29日～06月03日 Fudan University, Shaanxi Normal University, CHINA Toward to Low-carbon Economic Development in Asia
S-3 2010年10月17日 Nagoya University, JAPAN
Building a Low-Carbon Society:
Environment Management and International Cooperation S-4 2010年12月21－22日 nabyang Technological Univdrsity, SINGAPORE Low-Carbon Economy and Manufacturing in Asia
S-5 2011年1月29－30日 Nagoya University, JAPAN Manufacturing and Environmental Management
2011年度
S-1 2011年10月20－22日 Chungnam National University, KOREAManufacturing and Environmental Management in East Asia
S-2 2012年1月20－21日 Meiji University, JAPAN Manufacturing and Environmental Management under Low-carbon Society
Major Books published or to be published by FY2012
1. 「低炭素経済学」（日）
「Low‐carbon Economics」（英）
「Manufacturing and Environmental Management」（英）Vietnam National University Press
Full Papers with acknowledgments for JSPS Asian CORE program: 120+
Manufacturing and Environmental Management
Contents Chapter 1 Manufacturing and Environmental Management from the Standpoint of Management of Technology
1 Manufacturing and Environmental Problems
2 Environmental Management from the standpoint of Management of Technology
3 Some Approaches to Environmental Problems
Chapter 2 Environmental Problems and Environmental Policies in Japan
1 JEMAI Activities for Supporting Environmental Management in Industry, Responding to Industrial Pollution
to Global Warming
2 Environmental Policies and Environmental Business in Japan
Chapter 3 Management of Energy Conservation and EC Law
Chapter 4 Management of Chemical Substances
1 SAICM and the Challenge of Chemicals Management
2 Voluntary Management of VOC Emission Control at Monodzukuri Cleaning Processes –Application of
EVABAT in VOC Risk Management
EVABAT in VOC Risk Management
3 Management Corresponding to RoHS in Home Electrical Appliances
Chapter 5 Manufacturing and Life Cycle Assessment
Chapter 6 Some Approaches to Reduction of Environmental Loading in Logistics and Supply Chain
1 Green Logistics Policies in Japan
2 Designs and Challenges in Closed-Loop and Low Carbon Supply Chains for Sustainability
Chapter 7 Environmental Management System
1 The Outline of ISO14000 Series
2 Japan’s EcoAction 21 Guideline, and Certification and Registration
Chapter 8 Material Flow Cost Accounting
1 Significance and International Standardization of Material Flow Cost Accounting
2 Introduction of Material Flow Cost Accounting into the supply chain
Chapter 9 Voluntary Action Plans of Japan’s Industries on a Low Carbon Society
1 Nippon Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment and a Low Carbon Society
2 Action Plan of The Industries of Electrical and Electronic on a Low Carbon Society
Chapter 10 Environmental Management
1 Toyota Environment Actions
2 JICA’s Efforts in Environmental Management in East Asia
3 Corporate Manufacturing and Environmental Management: Examples of Industry-Academia-Government
Alliances, and Collaboration with NPOs