Some thoughts on the role o f the Vietnam ese state in the.. This is completely different from the old system in which th e S ta te directly controlled th e economy... - Open-door econom
Trang 1VNU JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ECONOMICS-LAW, N01E, 2004
SOM E TH O UG H TS ON THE ROLE OF THE V IETN A M ESE STATE
IN THE P R O C E SS OF SH IFT IN G TO THE MARKET ECONOMY
N ow adays, in th e world, th e re are
m any d ifferent economic o peration models
a t v arying levels of success Yet th e re is no
model t h a t o p e ra te s w ith o u t th e S ta te ’s
interference A s tro n g a n d in te llig e n t s ta te
is one of th e d e te r m in a n ts for th e success
of an economic o p e ra tio n model
S h ifting from a cen trally p la n ned
economy to the socialist-oriented m a rk e t
economy u n d e r th e re g u la tio n of th e State,
the form ation a n d develo pm ent process of
the m a r k e t economy in V ietn am , which is
associated w ith th e S t a t e ’s role of
regulation, will have m a n y differences
from th e o rd in a ry m a rk e t economy
1 T y p ica l C h a r a c te r is t ic s o f the
P r o c e s s o f S h iftin g to M arket
E co n o m y in V ie tn a m a n d th e Role
o f th e State
1.1 B a c k g r o u n d o f th e S h ift to
M a rk e t E con om y in V ie tn a m
* D om estic C ontext
A fter a long tim e o p e ra te d u n d e r the
c en tralize d b u re a u c ra tic a n d State-
subsidized m echanism s, th e V ietn am ese
economy will h ave following fe a tu re s w hen
shifting to m a r k e t economy:
n Dr., Faculty of Econom ics, V ietnam National
U niversity, Hanoi.
Tran Anh T a i(*}
Low develo pm en t level; u n d e r developed labor divisions; back w ard tech niq ues a n d technology; agriculture- based economy w ith tra d itio n a l farming; rice monoculture; im b a la n ce d and w eak
in d u s tria l stru c tu re ; low living stan d a rd , high unem p lo yed ra te These not only caused difficulties for th e in d u stria liz atio n and m o dern izatio n b u t also created a n d fostered d is a d v a n ta g e s for th e formation
an d develop m ent of th e m a rk e t economy
- The re la tio n s of production were set
up and m a in ta in e d by th e dom ination role
of public o w n e rsh ip of m e a n s of production
u n d e r 2 types: th e people ow nership a n d collective ow nership P riv ate ownership was not accepted a n d w as th e object of tra n s fo rm a tio n a n d abo lishm ent
Production a n d exchange were prim arily m a in ta in e d on th e basis of
m a te ria l relation The re la tio n between commodity a n d money c reated an opposite system t h a t was, in fact, not accepted and
w as re s tr a in e d to its maximum developm ent T he m a r k e t relations were
a lm ost not s e t up or existed in a formal
a n d distortio nal m a n n er
- T h e economy w as a closed, self- existing a n d severely im balanced system The official economic o p eratio n mechanism was th e o rd ered m echanism In this
4 5
Trang 246 T ran A n h Tai
m echanism : th e S ta te re g u la te d economic
activities th ro u g h a sy ste m of production
p la n s a n d prod uct d istrib u tio n , a n d
th ro u g h a sy ste m of price, foreign
exchange ra te a n d in te r e s t r a t e t h a t a re
s tip u la te d strictly a n d subjectively
- The production s tr u c tu r e h a d its
c h arac te ristic of monopoly The s tate
focused its o p e ra tio n s on S ta te owned
e n te rp ris e s t h a t w ere e sta b lis h e d a n d
sp re ad on a large scale w ith o u t
competition The production re la tio n s were
vertical u n d e r th e m e ch a n ism of issue and
delivery, m ak in g th e ho riz o n ta l relatio ns a
very difficult situ atio n
- Finance w as w eak, u n s ta b le , b ased on
a less developed economy t h a t bore heavy
consequences of war T he h ig h inflation
lasted too long, dom estic savings w as not
yet existed, a n d th e bu re a u cra tic ,
m a n a g e m e n t m e c h a n is m s w ere not
a p p ro p ria te to objective ru le s of the
m a rk e t economy
* In te rn a tio n a l C ontext
V ietnam w as sh iftin g its economy to
m a rk e t economy w h en th e in te rn a tio n a l
context a n d th e world s itu a tio n h a d
s u b s ta n tia l changes Some of which are as
follow:
The tre n d of in te rn a tio n a liz a tio n ,
in te g ra tio n into th e world economy a n d th e
developm ent process of a n organic world
m a rk e t cau sed m a n y c h a n g e s in th e
economic re la tio n s b e tw ee n nations,
creating o p p o rtu n itie s for th e poor
c o u n trie s to join in in te r n a tio n a l exchang e
a n d co-operatio n e a s ie r a n d more equal
- T h e t r e n d of regionalizing the
d e v e lo p m e n t w e n t along w ith e n h a n c in g
th e p ro te c tio n ism T h is tr e n d is c o n tr a r y to
th e first one a n d is t h e essence of m a r k e t developm en t H ow ev er, in t h a t c u r r e n t
s itu a tio n , it o c cu rred from typical causes,
of w h ich t h e d ire c t c a u s e w as th e dynam ic
d e v e lo p m e n t of new in d u s tria liz e d
co untries
- T h e collapse of Socialism in the
fo rm er S o viet U n io n a n d E a s te r n Europe
c re a te d a s ig n ific a n t space in the
d e v elo p m en t of V ie tn am T h e re a r e two sides of a coin h e re Along w ith escaping from a closed a n d subsidized system ,
V ie tn a m h a s c h a n c e s to join in a n opened
w orld econom y w ith a more effective
o peration Also, V ie tn a m lost a reliable
an d firm s u p p o rt
1.2 Th e R e g u l a t i o n o f C o n te x t to the
R ole o f th e S t a t e in S h if tin g to M a rk e t
E co n o m y in V ie tn a m
In th e abo v e-m en tio n ed specific context, w h e n co n sid e rin g th e role of the
S ta te in th e p ro cess of shiftin g to m a rk e t economy in V ie tn a m , in o u r opinion, we should pay a tte n tio n to th e followings:
- In V ie tn a m , th e r e is a historical fact
t h a t t h e S t a t e h a d a-' decisive role in economic d e v e lo p m e n t for decades Its
fo u n d a tio n is th e p o p ularity of public
o w n e rsh ip a n d th e h om ogeneousness
b e tw e e n th e c e n tr a lly p la n n e d and
su b sid ized econom y w ith m a terialized
V N U J o u rn a l o f Science, E conom ics-Law , N„IE, 2004
Trang 3Some thoughts on the role o f the Vietnam ese state in the. 47
economic re la tio n s a n d th e a u ta r k y
economy
From t h a t s t a r t i n g point, th e reform
can only be im p le m e n te d effectively if it is
in itia te d by th e S tate
- V ietn am is in th e p ro cess of shifting
to m a r k e t economy, so th e role of th e S ta te
is not j u s t lim ited in ov erco m ing and
correcting th e ne g ativ e effects a n d defects
of the m a rk e t economy, b u t its m a in duty
is to e sta b lish th e fo u n d a tio n for the
developm ent of m a r k e t re latio ns
them selves H ere, th e d e v e lo p m e n t of
m a rk e t re la tio n s is a ss o c ia te d w ith th e r e
a w a re n e ss process a n d , th e re fo re , it is
necessary to overcome s te p by s te p and
correct th e defects a n d fa ilu re s of the
participation of th e S t a t e in r e g u la tin g the
economy in th e p a s t d e c a d e s to conform to
th e ta s k s in th e new stag e
- V ie tn am is s h iftin g to m a rk e t
economy from a poor, b a c k w a r d and
V ie tn a m ’s p o p ulatio n is in r u r a l areas
Therefore, in o rd e r to b rin g into play the
key role of a g ric u ltu re a n d to help the
fa rm e rs u n d e r s ta n d th e b e n e fits a n d , there
from, mobilize th e m a jo rity of people to
tak e p a r t in the d e v e lo p m e n t, especially in
the first stage, th e role of th e G o v e rn m e n t
is crucial Besides, how a poor c o u n try can
cope w ith poverty w h ile a s s u r in g the
economic d e v elo p m en t is also a big
challenge to th e G o v e rn m e n t
- As a developing c o u n try , V ietnam
should not b y p a ss s ta g e s b u t should
utilize th e a d v a n ta g e s of a c o u n tr y th a t
follows, b rin g into full play the in te rn a l forces of its economy, and learn effectively from successes a n d experience of the pioneer counties In t h a t condition, it could not be left for th e “invisible h a n d ” A strong a n d intelligent S ta te is one of th e
d e te r m in a n ts for th e success
Given this, it is possible to say th a t
w hen shifting to a new stage, th e role of
th e S ta te is not decreased b u t increased
On the o th e r h an d, it h a s shown a tre n d
t h a t co n tra ry to th e ch anging process of
th e role a n d economic function of the State
of V ietnam S h ifting to m a rk e t economy
m e a n s shifting to a new system , w here the
m a rk e t w ith its objective rules will shape a new power regim e is t h a t in d e p e n d e n t of
th e S tate The m a r k e t itself contains a self-a d ju stm en t m e chanism and t h a t is the
m ain m e ch an ism to re g u la te th e economy This is completely different from the old system in which th e S ta te directly controlled th e economy So, th ese two economic system s h ave two different
re g u la tio n m echanism s, two different power regim es, a n d th e specific method of
a n d th e e x te n t to which the S ta te
p a rtic ip a te s in re g u la tin g th e economy are also different The tra n s itio n to m a rk e t
re g u la tio n pow er b etw een th e S ta te and
th e m a rk e t in th e way t h a t lim its the
S ta te ’s pow er a n d e x ten d s th e m a rk e t’s power However, th e n a tu r e of the m a tte r
is not to abolish th e economic role of the
S tate, b u t th e m ethod, domain, and scope
to im p le m e n t t h a t role will b a se on o ther
ru le s t h a t a re more subjective and economical
VNU Jo urnal o f Science E c o n o m ic s-L a w , N t J E 2004
Trang 44 3 T ra n A nh Tai
I n accordance w ith subjective logics of
m a r k e t economy progress, it could be
se p a ra te d into two ta s k s relatively to th e
two s tag e s of m a r k e t economy progress:
th e stage of shifting to m a r k e t economy
a n d t h e stage of o p e ra tin g th e s tru c tu re d
m a rk e t economy
Basically* V ie tn am is in th e process of
carrying o u t th e first ta s k to achieve a
structured m a r k e t economy w ith th e
n stitu tic n a l fram ew ork T he n a t u r e of th is
'ask is tc c re ate m a r k e t subjects a n d a free
b u s i n e s s en viro nm en t, s tr u c tu r e functional
market: labour m a rk e t, financial m a rk e t,
'tock rrarket, ta x system , price a n d
interest late
Succeeded to and concomitant with the
first stige is th e o p e ra tio n of the
structured m a rk e t system In th is stage,
the State’s influences a re asso ciated w ith
the lonf-term economic g ro w th a n d to
de\elop macro b a lan ces as th e conditions
for t h a t jrowth
2 Economic R efo rm in V ie tn a m from
the lo lic y P r o c e s s P e r s p e c t iv e
The 'ealities in th e la s t 15 y e a rs have
shown tiat the sh iftin g to m a r k e t economy
has depended a lot on policy process The
reform s fast or slow, s tab le or troubled,
grew or receded - all th e se a re o rigin ated
frcm vhat policies does th e S ta te
irrplem<n*? To w h a t e x te n t th e y a re right?
Tlerefoe it is reasonable to consider the
r e ’orm process from th e policy process
perspecive However, it does n o t m e an to
identify t i e subjective process w ith th e
objective operation s of th e S ta te The shifting of V ietnam economy since 1975
h a s shown t h a t th e economic reform is a struggle b etw een orthodox economic system (centrally p la nn ed m echanism ) and unortho do x one (free m arket), following
th e tendency of confirming th e m a rk e t
m echanism T h a t process could be considered in th e following 3 periods:
1 Period 1975 - 1986
From th e policy perspective, the economic reform in V ie tn am s t a r t e d from
1979 by th e reso lu tion s of th e 6th P lenum
of the P a rty C e n tra l C om m ittee (4th P a rty Congress) T his w as th e re s u lt of a long accum ulation of re stric tio n s and contradictions d u rin g n early two decades
of existence of th e centrally planned,
b u re a u c ra tic m e ch a n ism s w ith S ta te subsidies T h e economic reform s included: firstly, th e Directive No 100 of th e C entral
C o m m ittee’s S e c re ta r ia t (1/1981) officially
re g u la ted th e product C o n tra ct in agriculture; secondly, th e Decree 25/CP on
th e 3 portions in in d u s tria l production; followings w ere th e Resolution 26 of the Politburo a n d Directive 109 of th e C entral
C om m ittee’s S e c re ta r ia t on the
im p ro v em e n t of d istrib u tio n ' and circulation, especially th e R esolution of the 5th P a rty Congress, 8th P le n u m (6/1985) on
ad ju stin g th e price level, reform ing the
abolishing m a te ria l supply, shiftin g to paying s a la ry in money
Besides, the S ta te allowed en terp rises,
m a n u fa c tu rin g com panies and local export
VNU, Journal o f Science, Econom ics-Law , N„IE, 2004
Trang 5Some thoughts on the role of the Vietnamese state in the.
--^-49
com panies to directly h a v e business
relation s w ith foreign com panies; step-by-
step abolished the form er monopoly in
foreign tra d e ; step-by-step re s tru c tu re d
the in v e s tm e n t to overcome th e dispersed,
non-synchron ou s a n d not effective
in v e stm en t Both in view a n d in reality, :t
was g ra d u a lly sh ifting to focusing on
a g ric u ltu re and lig h t in d u s try
j Briefly, the re n o v a tio n in th is period of
time, d e m o n s tra te d by th e above-
m entioned Resolutions, reflected an
objective tre n d of sh ifting process from th e
cen trally p la n n e d economy to th e m a rk e t
economy However, in fact, th is w as a
period of e x trem ely troubled, u n s ta b le
economy th a t, in its essence, co ntained a
serious crisis a b o u t economic in s titu tio n
and re g u la tio n m echanism
Actually, t h a t s itu a tio n w as g e n erate d
from th e tr a n s itio n a l s ta g e of m echanism ,
in which th e old economic system was
in e rtia l a n d had a stro n g defensive ability
The S ta te , ill its cap acity a s a power
a p p a r a tu s , w ith th e s tro n g e s t economic
power, w as still n ot fully a n d clearly a w are
of th e in d isp e n sa b le tre n d , therefore, was
not re s o lu te in abolishing th e direct
a d m in is tra tiv e m a n a g e m e n t to shift to th e
ind irect m a n a g e m e n t
The reform prog ress in th is period
could be considered a n d a ss e ss e d in the
two d im e n sio n s t h a t follows:
F irstly; th e S ta te step by step accepted
th e m a r k e t m e ch a n ism a n d o rien ted th e
economy accordingly T his w as a n
im p o r ta n t sign, which m e a n t t h a t the
ordered economic sy stem b e g a n to escap from its “sclerosis” s itu a tio n , an(| sh iftin
to a more dynam ic economic system That
w as also th e significance of the polic- reform progress, a n d t h a t is why it acted
as th e role of th e S ta te d u r in g tl is period
of time
Secondly; th e non-synchronous un
th o ro u g h a n d passive c h an g e of policies u
one of th e m ain re a so n s for causing thfi economy Into troubled, w e akened situatior
in a long tim e It could be said t h a t t h ù
w as th e u n a v o id ab le cost for th<:
tr a n s itio n a l stag e from the old rn>charisrr
to th e new one
2 The P eriod o f the 1986 - 19±6
The R enovation, sh iftin g tc m a -k e ’ economy w as confirm ed a t the 3th P art\ Congress a n d co n tin u ed to devebp a t the 7th P a rty Congress
fu n d a m e n ta l, a n d ra dical chfcnres have been mode
• M ulti-sector economic policy las teen confirmed a n d im plem ented
- Macro m a n a g e m e n t tools tc push up
th e sh ifting process to m arket economy have been used
- A flexible exchange rate system reform ed ta x sy stem in step i ias been applied
- Open-door economy poices have been im p lem ented
- M a n a g e m e n t a p p a r a tu s ir ồep 1 las been reform ed
VNU, J o u rn a l o f Science, E conom ics-Law , N J E , 2004
Trang 650 Tran Anh Tai
T h a n k s to its d e te rm in a tio n and
perseverance in im p le m e n tin g th e
renovation, V ie tn am h a s gain ed g re a t
achievem ents, b ro u g h t th e co u n try o ut of
socio-economic crisis a n d step p e d into a
new pace of developm ent: th e stag e of fast
economic grow th, speedy in d u s tria liz a tio n
and m odernization T h e a v erag e growth
ra te in th e 5 y e ar period of (1991 - 1996)
were as follows: G D P in c re ase d by 8.2%;
total a g ric u ltu ra l yield inc re ase d by 4.5%;
reached 25 million to n s (1993); rice ex port
1.95 million tons (1992); to ta l in d u s tria l
production in creased by 13%; export
tu rn o v e r increased by 20%; achieved 11.2
billion US dollars in 4 consecutive years
In v e s tm e n t for economic developm ent
in the 4 y e ars also increased In 1990, it
was j u s t 11.5% of GDP; 1991: 14.3%; 1993:
14.4%, a n d re a c h e d 20.5% in 1994 and
31.6% of G D P in 1995
The economic s tr u c tu r e began to
change: th e in d u s tr y prop ortion in G D P
increased from 18.8% in 1990; 20.5% in
1993; 22% in 1994 to 28.76% in 1995 In
this period, th e service proportion also
increased from 36.3% to 38.2% a n d th e n to
39%
Inflation w as controlled, th e n a tio n a l
finance w as h e a lth y , a n d th e V ietnam
cu rrency w as stable Inflatio n decreased
from 67% in 1991 to 17.5% in 1992, 5.2%
in 1993; 14.5% in 1994 a n d to 1.27% in
1995 The b u d g e t m obilisation r a te
increased rapidly, m ore t h a n 20% of GDP
in 1993; b u d g e t r e tr ie v a l in c re ase d by 27%
in 1994
The two-way foreign tra d e increased 20% in average U p till S e p te m b e r 1994,
1000 in v e stm e n t licenses were issued with
th e total re g is te re d c a p ita l of 10 billion USD
The a ch ie v e m en ts in th e first 5 year
encouraging, h o w e v er th e V ietnam economy still h a d w eak n e sse s: Firstly, it
ha d a good g ro w th r a te , but, in general,
t h a t grow th w as n o t stable The quality
a n d effect of th e economy h a d many lim itations Secondly, finance and the
m o n etary sy ste m s could not m eet the
re q u ire m e n ts of th e economic developm ent, and could not become the most decisive a n d effective tool for macro
m a n ag e m e n t G e n era lly , V ietnam had not yet developed a n a tio n a l finance th a t is
a p p ro p ria te to m acro economy op erating in
a m a rk e t m ech a n ism Thirdly, foreign tra d e w as still weak
3 The Period fro m 1997 up to N ow
This is th e period in which the
in te rn a tio n a l co n tex t contained many factors wich a re n ot a d v a n ta g e o u s for the developm ent of V ie tn a m ’s economy
Firstly, th e fin a n c ial crisis broke out in
th e region, affecting strongly and
p e rs iste n tly o u r economy Secondly, the world m a rk e t w a s u n stab le Prices of
V ie tn a m ’s m ain e x p o rts had a trend to decrease drastically Especially, in recent years, th e globalization h a s been going on
V NU, Journal o f Scienc e, Econom icS’Luw, Nf JE, 2004
Trang 7Some thoughts on the role o f the Vietnamese state in the 51
u n s te a d in e ss of th e economy h as
accelerated m ore rapidly, especially after
the te rro r is t a t t a c k s on 11 S e p te m b e r 2001
and the collapses of a series of economic
groups o p e ra tin g in high-tech field
Facing w ith those difficulties, the
V ietnam ese econom y also h a d critical
changes t h a t m a in ta in e d a r a t h e r high
growth ra te , a n d re s tra in e d a n d reversed
the tre n d of d e crea sin g grow th rate In
1996, the G D P grew 9.34%; in 1997: 8.15%;
in 1998: 5.76%; in 1999: only 4.77%; b u t
increased in 2000 to 6.74%; in 2001: 6.78%;
an d in 2002: 7.04%
In v e s tm e n t c o ntin ued to grow b u t
much less in co m parison w ith th e previous
period (11.4% c o m p ared to 23.33%)
Especially, in th e s itu a tio n t h a t the
regional economy fell into financial crisis
and th e c u rre n c ie s w ere constantly
devalued, V ie tn a m w as still able to control
the “price explosion” an d m a in ta in e d a low
inflation ra te T h is w as a g re a t exertion in
an effort to stab ilize the macro economy
recently T h e in flation ra te in 1996: 4.5%;
in 1997: 3.6%; in 1998: 0.2%; in 1999:
0.1%; in 2000: -0.6%; in 2001: 0.8% an d in
2002: 4.0% In 1999, the u nem ployed ra te
in u rb a n a r e a s w as 7.4%, in 2000: 6.44%,
in 2001: 6.28% a n d in 2002 w as only 6%
The tim e -u s a g e -ra te in r u r a l a r e a s in 1999
was 73.49%; in 2000: 73.86%; in 2001:
74.37%; a n d in 2002: 75.41%
E m p lo y m e n t ex perienced some positive
changes Especially, in th e la st th re e
years, th e u n e m p lo y m e n t r a te in u rb a n
a re a s decreased an d th e tim e-usage-rate in
ru r a l a re a s increased
However, it is easy to see t h a t the
V ietnam ese economy h a s developed in
re c en t y e ars on th e b asis of a stru c tu re d model w ith th e following features:
- The economy h a s developed in width
on the b asis of existing advantages, especially on n a tu r a l resources
- The a ctu a l develo pm en t mode has relied on prioritizing im p o rt-altern ativ e
in d ustries, which used m uch of capital and
h a d low high-tech a n d la bo ur content, such
as m ining in d u s try and processing industry
- The m a r k e t in s titu tio n h as not yet
fu n d a m e n ta l s tr u c tu r a l factors were lacked or weak; th e b u sin ess env iro n m e n t
w as ill-shaped, a n d th e factors of the old
m echanism still existed
- The w ay to a pp ro ach th e world
m a rk e t an d draw FDI mostly focused on
W este rn A sian countries
• Solutions to re v e rse th e tre n d of decreasing grow th r a te in the previous period w ere mostly s itu a tio n a l m e a s u re s
t h a t focused on e x te rn a l im pacts b u t lacked solutions to overcome in te rn a l
w e akn esses an d im prove growth
- The tr e n d of decreasing the speed of
in v e stm e n t g row th in re c en t years, especially foreign in v e stm e n t, signaled a decline in q u a lity of in v e s tm e n t
e n v iro n m e n t a n d prospect of economies
V N U , Jo u rn a l o f Science Econom ics-Law , N„JE, 2004
Trang 852 Tran Anh Tai
The w e a k n e sse s a n d issues of ou r
economy in re c e n t y e ars h a v e reflected a
paradox: th e de ep e r o u r economy
p e n e tr a te d into m a r k e t economy, opened
to a n d in te g ra te d into th e w orld economy,
the more th e factors of bu re a u cra tic ,
c e n trally -p la n n ed a n d subsidized
m e ch an ism re h a b ilita te d , such as th e
in c reasin g of monopoly a n d subsidized
situ a tio n , w id e sp rea d protection, th e tre n d
of developing in d u s trie s t h a t u se much of
capital a n d h a v e low high -tech an d labor
c ontent, p riv a te sector w a s n o t a d eq u a te ly
paid a tte n tio n to, etc A lth o u g h t h a t tre n d
w as not th e d e te r m in a n t for th e
o rie n ta tio n of ou r n a tio n ’s reno vation a n d
developm ent progress, b u t it reflected t h a t
th e strug gle b e tw ee n th e old m e c h a n is m (centrally-planned) a n d th e new one (opened m a rk e t m echanism ) of th e economy is still n o t ended
So, it is impossible to say t h a t th e first logical step of th e abo ve-m entioned m a r k e t progress is completed T he reform is actually c o ntin uing a n d o p e ra tin g in contradictions, facing w ith lim ita tio n s including th e lim itatio n of policy T h a t
re q u ires m uch more effort of th e S ta te in the shift to m a rk e t economy in V ie tn a m in
th e n ext steps
TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC ĐHQGHN, KINH TỂ - LUẬT, SỐ IE , 2004
MỘT SỐ SUY NGHĨ VE VAI TRÒ CỦA NHÀ NƯỚC TRONG QUÁ TRÌNH
CHUYỂN SANG NEN KINH TẺ THỊ TRƯỜNG ở VIỆT NAM
TS T rần Anh Tài
K hoa K in h tê, Đ ại học Quốc g ia H à N ội
Bài viết đề cập đến bối c ả n h cụ th ể tro n g nước và quốc t ế ả n h hưởng đến công cuộc cải tố
k in h tê của Việt N am Tác giả chỉ ra m ột sô" khác biệt về vai trò của n h à nước tro n g q uá
t r ì n h chuyển từ n ề n k in h t ế tậ p tr u n g s a n g n ề n k in h t ế th ị trường
Q u a n trọ n g hờn, bài viết còn k h ái q u á t hóa qu á t r ì n h cải tổ k in h t ế của Việt N a m về phươ ng diện k in h t ế quốc doanh Tác giả k h ô n g chỉ p h â n tích n h ữ n g th u ậ n lợi và b ấ t lợi của các chính sách m à còn b à n cả ả n h hưởng của c h ú n g tới n h ữ n g t h à n h tự u đã đ ạ t được q u a cuộc cải tổ Tác giả k ế t lu ận , N h à nước cần ph ải nỗ lực hơn n ữ a để p h á t triể n n ề n k in h tê
th ị trư ờng ở Việt N am
VNƯ, Journal o f Science, EconomicS-Lttw N„/ E, 2004