CRC materials science and engineering handbook 4th ed james f shackelford et al CRC 2016

583 Chemical Properties ...584 Section ii Advanced Materials Physical Properties ...591 Chemical Properties ..... These tables were generated by the coeditors from Pusan National Univers

CRC MATERIALS

ENGINEERING HANDBOOK

F O U R T H E D I T I O N

Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the

Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

CRC MATERIALS

ENGINEERING HANDBOOK

James F Shackelford Young-Hwan Han Sukyoung Kim Se-Hun Kwon

F O U R T H E D I T I O N

Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the

Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

CRC MATERIALS

ENGINEERING HANDBOOK

James F Shackelford Young-Hwan Han Sukyoung Kim Se-Hun Kwon

F O U R T H E D I T I O N

6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300

Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

No claim to original U.S Government works

Version Date: 20150316

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-1656-1 (eBook - PDF)

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Contents

Preface vii Authors ix

Section i traditional Materials

Physical Properties 3 Chemical Properties 180

Physical Properties 339 Chemical Properties 378

Physical Properties 419 Chemical Properties 460

Physical Properties 461 Chemical Properties 535

Physical Properties 561 Chemical Properties 581

Physical Properties 583 Chemical Properties 584

Section ii Advanced Materials

Physical Properties 591 Chemical Properties 595

8 MAX Phases

Physical Properties 597 Chemical Properties 606 References 607

Physical Properties 611 References 619

Index 625

Preface

This fourth edition of the CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook builds on the previous

edi-tion that provided a comprehensive, single-volume source of data on a wide range of engineering rials In this regard, we are indebted to Dr William Alexander who was a coeditor of each of the first three editions and Dr Jun Park who was a coeditor for the second edition Those previous editions fea- tured data verified through major professional societies in the materials field, such as ASM International and the American Ceramic Society The third edition is the basis of Section I (Traditional Materials) of this fourth edition While the third edition was organized according to categories of properties, this edition has been organized according to categories of materials: metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, composites, and semiconductors For each of these material types, properties have been sorted accord- ing to two broad categories: physical and chemical The correspondence between these two categories and the more detailed list of properties found in the third edition is as follows:

mate-Physical Properties:

Structure of Materials Thermal Properties of Materials Mechanical Properties of Materials Electrical Properties of Materials Optical Properties of Materials Chemical Properties:

Composition of Materials Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data Water Absorption and Corrosion This edition provides a new Section II (Advanced Materials) corresponding to some of the most actively studied constituents in contemporary materials research: low-dimensional carbons, two- dimensional nanomaterials, MAX phases, and amorphous metals These tables were generated by the coeditors from Pusan National University and Yeungnam University in Korea, who also wish to acknowledge the considerable effort of their students:

Pusan National University:

Ms Zhixin Wan, Graduate School of Convergence Science

Mr Woo-Jae Lee, Graduate School of Convergence Science

Mr Seung-Il Jang, Graduate School of Convergence Science

Ms Eun-Young Yun, Graduate School, School of Materials Science and Engineering

Ms Ha-Jin Lee, Graduate School, School of Materials Science and Engineering

Mr Dong-Kwon Lee, Graduate School, School of Materials Science and Engineering

Yeungnam University:

Mr Duk-Yeon Kim, Graduate School, School of Materials Science and Engineering

Mr Jae Hui Jeon, Graduate School, School of Materials Science and Engineering

As appropriate for the Advanced Materials section, the sources of the data in the contemporary research literature are detailed, including extensive reference sections at the end of Chapters 8 and 9 It

is the editors’ hope that the Advanced Materials section will be useful to the research community and facilitate further development and applications of these materials.

Finally, the editors are grateful to CRC editor Allison Shatkin for her encouragement and support throughout the production of this new edition She and the entire CRC team could not have been more helpful.

Authors

James F Shackelford earned BS and MS in ceramic engineering from the University of Washington,

Seattle, Washington and a PhD in materials science and engineering from the University of California (UC), Berkeley, California Following a postdoctoral fellowship at McMaster University in Canada, he joined the University of California (UC), Davis, where he is currently distinguished professor emeri- tus in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science For many years, he served as the associate dean for undergraduate studies in the College of Engineering and later as the director of the University Honors Program that serves students from a wide spectrum of majors Dr Shackelford also served as associate director for education for the National Science Foundation-funded Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology and as faculty assistant to the director of the McClellan Nuclear Research Center of UC Davis He teaches and conducts research in the structural characterization and processing of materials, focusing on glasses and biomaterials His current focus in teaching is using online technologies A member of the American Ceramic Society and ASM International, he was named a Fellow of the American Ceramic Society in 1992 and a Fellow of ASM International in 2011

Dr. Shackelford received the Outstanding Educator Award of the American Ceramic Society in 1996

In 2003, he received a Distinguished Teaching Award from the Academic Senate of the University of California, Davis In 2012, he received the Outstanding Teaching Award of the College of Engineering at

UC Davis and, in 2014, an Outstanding Service Award from UC Davis Extension He has published well

over 100 archived papers and books, including Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers now in its

8th edition and which has been translated into Chinese, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.

Young-Hwan Han earned BS and MS degrees in metallurgical engineering from the Sung Kyun Kwan

University in Korea and MS and PhD degrees in materials science and engineering from the University

of Nevada, Reno, Nevada He is currently a foreign professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Yeungnam University, Korea For many years, he worked as a postdoctoral research associate at UC Davis and UC Berkeley Dr Han also worked as an invited professor and research pro- fessor at Sung Kyun Kwan University, Keimyung University, and Pusan National University in Korea

He teaches materials science courses and conducts research in the structural characterization and cessing of materials, focusing on nanoceramics He has published over 60 technical papers and trans-

pro-lated books into Korean, including Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, Seventh Edition by

James F Shackelford.

Sukyoung Kim earned a BS in ceramic engineering from the Inha University, Korea and an MS in

ceramic engineering at the Seoul National University, Korea and at the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University, New York He earned a PhD in materials science and engineering at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont in 1990 After graduation, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Vermont Hospital, where he was involved in the development and characterization of

surface hard coatings on ceramics and wear studies on ceramic hip and knee joint implants In 1991,

he joined the biomaterials group in the Center for Biomaterials at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada At that time, he was involved in a project for the development of biodegradable ceramic– polymer composite materials for orthopedic and dental applications with Dr Pilliar and Dr Smith

In 1994, Dr Kim joined the faculty of the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Yeungnam University, Korea Dr Kim is a member of several associations/societies such as the American Society for Biomaterials, Canadian Society for Biomaterials, Korean Society for Biomaterials, Korean Ceramic Society, Korean Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Society, and the International Society

for Ceramics in Medicine In addition, Dr Kim served as a chairman, organizing the Bioceramics 22 meeting in 2009 in Daegu, Korea In 2012, he organized the 29th International Korea–Japan Seminar

on Ceramics, also in Daegu, Korea Currently, he is an international executive committee member of

the International Society of Ceramics in Medicine (ISCM) His research interests include the synthesis

of biodegradable bioceramics and the development of porous ceramics for biodegradable ceramic bone substitutes, drug delivery, and peptide loading He is also studying bioceramic coatings on dental and orthopedic metallic implants for improving osseointegration.

Se-Hun Kwon earned BS, MS, and PhD degrees and served as a postdoctoral associate in

materi-als science and engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) In

2009, he joined the Pusan National University (PNU), Korea, where he is currently associate sor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering Dr Kwon also worked as an adjunct profes- sor of the School of Convergence Science at PNU He is a member of several societies including the American Ceramic Society (ACerS), Electrochemical Society (ECS), American Vacuum Society (AVS), Material Research Society of Korea (MRS-K), the Korean Vacuum Society (KVS), the Korean Institute

profes-of Metals and Materials (KIM), and the Korean Institute profes-of Surface Engineering (KISE) His research group, “Surface Materials Laboratory,” focuses on the design and synthesis of multifunctional surfaces and interfacial layers using atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques and on the fabrication of highly ordered nanostructures for semiconductors, photovoltaic devices, and nano-devices by utilizing hybrid bottom-up and top-down fabrication approaches Dr Kwon has published over 70 archived papers and over 20 published patents.

TABLE 1.1 (Continued) Electronic Structure of Selected Elements

At

Electronic Configuration1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 7s

TABLE 1.1 (Continued) Electronic Structure of Selected Elements

At

Electronic Configuration1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 7s

TABLE 1.2 Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements

TABLE 1.2 (Continued) Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements

TABLE 1.2 (Continued) Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements

TABLE 1.2 (Continued) Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements

TABLE 1.2 (Continued) Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements

TABLE 1.2 (Continued) Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements

TABLE 1.2 (Continued) Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements

TABLE 1.3 Periodic Table of the Elements

TABLE 1.2 (Continued) Available Stable Isotopes of the Elements

Source: Wang, Y (Ed.), Handbook of Radioactive Nuclides, The Chemical

Rubber Co., Cleveland, 1969, p 25

TABLE 1 4 Periodic Table of Elements in Metallic Materials

TABLE 1.6 Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements

TABLE 1.6 (Continued) Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements

TABLE 1.6 (Continued) Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements

Note: The ionic radii are based on the calculations of V M Goldschmidt, who

assigned radii based on known interatomic distances in various ionic crystals

TABLE 1.7 Key to Tables of Crystal Structure of the Elements

TABLE 1.8 The Seven Crystal Systems

TABLE 1.8 (Continued) The Seven Crystal Systems

TABLE 1.9 The 14 Bravais Lattices

Simple

(Continued)

TABLE 1.1 0 Periodic Table of the Body-Centered Cubic Elements

A3

TABLE 1.9 (Continued) The 14 Bravais Lattices

Face-centeredorthorhombic

Base-centeredorthorhombic

Simple

Source: Data from J F Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, 4th Edn.,

Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996

TABLE 1.1 1 Periodic Table of the Face-Centered Cubic Elements

A10Ne

TABLE 1.1 2 Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Close Packed Elements

A4

TABLE 1.1 3 Periodic Table of the Hexagonal Elements

A6

C

34Se52Te

TABLE 1.14 Atomic Mass of Selected Elements

TABLE 1.14 (Continued) Atomic Mass of Selected Elements

TABLE 1.14 (Continued) Atomic Mass of Selected Elements

Source: Data from J F Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, Second

Edn., Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1988, pp 686–688

TABLE 1.15 Solid Density of Selected Elements

TABLE 1.15 (Continued) Solid Density of Selected Elements

Source: Data from J F Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, Second

Edn., Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1988, pp 686–688

TABLE 1.16 Density of Iron and Iron Alloys

Source: Data from Michael Bauccio (Ed.), ASM Metals Reference Book, Third Edn.,

ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1993, p 152

TABLE 1.17 Density of Wrought Stainless Steelsa

TABLE 1.18 Density of Stainless Steels and Heat-Resistant Alloys

Wrought stainless and

TABLE 1.17 (Continued) Density of Wrought Stainless Steelsa