Ba tram nam phat tridn manh me cua chu nghia tu ban la mot thanh cong cua nhan loai trong viee dem lai dai sdng van minh vat chdt nga: cang cao; nhung cung la that bai phai tra gia khi
Trang 1TiCH HOP GIAO DUG VI SU PHAT TRIEN BEN VU'NG
TRONG GIANG DAY VIET NAM HOC
• • •
Tran Le Bdo
1 Phat trien ben vfrng la thuc nhan dong thoi la muc tieu toi cao cua the
gioihien dai
/ /, Cung v&i SU- phdt trien ngay cang cao cua dai sdng van minh, nha khoa
hoc • ky thuat va tham vgng chinh phue tir nhien cua con nguai, truac hk la con nguai
a cac nirac tu ban phuang Tay Ba tram nam phat tridn manh me cua chu nghia tu
ban la mot thanh cong cua nhan loai trong viee dem lai dai sdng van minh vat chdt nga: cang cao; nhung cung la that bai phai tra gia khi moi truang tu nhien bj can kiet.6 nhilm nang ne, moi truang xa hoi bi xao trgn vi phan hoa gidu ngheo, dang cdp nga,^ trong moi nuac, giua cac qu6c gia dan toe, giiJa phuang Tay va phuang Dong
Ro rang con nguai dang hy sinh moi truang vi s^r van minh Vdn dk la khong th£ hy
sinhmoi truang bang mgi gia
Ngay nay, nhan loai lai dang phai d6i mat truac tham hga hiiy diet moi truang song, huy di?t chinh ngoi nhd Trai dSt chung Khap nai tren hanh tinh nay, tinh tr^nj 6 nhiem moi truang ngay cang nghiem trgng, khi hau trai dat dang nong len tirng ngay, muc nude biSn cung dang len tung ngay, thien tai ngay cang kh6c liet
dang dien ra a nhilu nai tren trai dat Tieu bilu la tham hga dgng dk va song thdn
keotheo n6 Nha may dien nguyen tu Fukujima a Nhat Ban ngay 11/3/2011 Tham hga lay khong chi la noi mat mat dau thuang v6 cung to Idn v^ con nguai va tai san cua iguai Nhat, ma con dem lai sir hoang loan d5i vai nhan dan nhi^u nuac xung quarh va quan trgng la 6 nhiem phong xa con de lai nhi^u di chung chua luang h^t nga: dugc Mac du c6 sir dong cam chia se sau sac bang ca tinh thdn va vat chdt cua
nhar loai vai nguai Nhat, song nhan loai cung dugc canh tinh ve vdn dh an toan cua
nha nay dien hat nhan, ve su phat trien khong ben vijmg ma nhilu qu5c gia da va dan*, thirc thi
Ben canh do chien tranh, khiing bo dam mau van dang la noi dau nhue nh6i cua ihan loai, cung vai no la te nan ma tuy, dai dich HIV Ian tran tren nhieu quoc gia khu /ire Nhung duang day buon ban phu nu va tre em, benh tat doi ngheo luon de dga PCS.TS Dai hoc Su pham 1, Ha Noi
Trang 2V I £ T N A M H Q C - KY YEU HQI THAO QU6C Xfe LAN THlT TlT
1/4 dan s6 tren th^ gioi T? nan tham nhung, phan hoa giSu ngheo diln ra a nhieu nuac ca h6 dan tai nhung ch6ng d6i xa hgi ngay cang cao, lam bien doi moi trirong
xa hgi v6n chua dugc yen on nay lai cang khong yen 6n Tieu bi6u cho hien tirgng moi truang xa hgi phat triln khong b6n vung la cuge "each mang hoa lai" - etgc each mang doi eong bang tu do dan chu dang diln ra soi n6i a Bac Phi va dang ,an sang Tay A
Tat ca nhung v4n dS tren la di?n mao moi truang thI giai dang phat triln khcng
ben vijng a thap nien dhu the ky XXI ma nhan loai dang phai hung chju No nhu hoi chuong canh tinh luomg tri cua nhan loai cm phai han che va ngan chan kjp thai
nhung te nan tren, mai mong c6 mot moi truang s6ng tu nhien, xa hgi trong lanh va
an ninh, mai dam bao cho su phat trien b^n vihig Van dh nay doi hoi nhan loai can
nhan thue each ung xu ciia con nguai vai moi truang tu nhien va moi truang xit hgi, c5n tir bo nhimg nguyen t k s6ng cu, chuyen sang nguyen tdc s6ng than thien, hai hoa vai tu nhien, xay dimg moi truomg sinh thai mang tinh nhan van, mai bao dam
su phat triln hai hoa va b6n vung
Them nura chung ta dang s6ng trong mgt th^ giai bi^n d6i toan dien manh me
va sau sac Toan cSu hoa va each mang khoa - cong nghe hien dai dang diln ra soi
dgng, bian trai dk thanh mot "lang toan eSu", trong do cac dan toe, cac quoc gia
ngay cang phu thugc vao nhau nhi6u hom trong qua trinh phat trien Trong the giai toan c§u hoa, nhilu nguy ca va hiem hga ddi vai loai nguai duong nhu khong giam
di ma CO ehi6u huang tang len, the hi?n trong nhifiu mat khac nhau cua ndn van minh toan cau
Vi vay, phat trien b^n vOng chinh la menh l?nh cua cuge s6ng, la muc tieu ma chung phai dgt tai, la con duang tdtyiu ma chung ta phai di va la triet ly song ma mSi cong dan toan cau phai thicc hi^n NIU khong phat trien hhn vung, the giai hien
dai khong c6 tuang lai
1.2 Khdi ni^m "phdt trien bin vitng" dugc hiSu la "sir phat tri6n c6 the dap
ung dugc nhirng nhu cSu hien tai ma khong anh huang, t6n hai den nhiJng kha nang
dap ung nhu ckx cua cac tha he tuang lai" va nhSn manh rang phat trien ben vung
phai bao dam c6 su phat tri^n kinh te hieu qua, xa hgi cong bang va moi tnrong dugc bao ve, gin giu trong lanh
Nam 2002, lai Hgi nghj Thugng dinh the giai \h "Phat trien ben vung" a
Johannesburg (Nam Phi), 196 nuac va nhiSu t6 chirc qu6c te da dong ihuan thong
qua tuyen b6 chung \h "Phat IriCn hhn vung" va Chuang trinh hanh dgng "Ke hoach
thirc hien Tuyen b6 Johannesburg" Cung tai hgi nghi nay, y tuang "trien khai mgt
Thap kygido due vi sic phdt triin bhi vCrng, bat dau tir nam 2005" dirge de trinh len
Trang 3TiCH HOP GIAO DUG Vl SU P H A T TRI^'N B ^ N VONG
lAcn hgp quoc Dieu nay cho thay tarn quan trgng cua hgc tap va giao due trong phdi trien hen vung, va hgc tap va giao due dugc coi la each thuc la nong cot cua phinng phap ticp can cua phdt trien ben vung Chuang trinh nay mong muon tao ra
"Mg the giai trong do mgi nguai deu eo ca hgi dugc huang mgt nen giao due c6 chat lugng va dugc hgc hoi nhiJng gia trj, each irng xu, loi song phii hgp de dam bao not tuang lai ben vQ-ng va sir chuyen bien xa hgi tich cue" (Tam nhin The ky giaoduc vi sir phat trien ben viing)
Tuy nhien y tuang chi c6 the phat huy dugc sue manh khi no dugc chuyln hoa vao hue tien boat dgng cua con nguai Noi nhu cuu Tong thir ky Lien hgp quoc Kofi Annan: "Thach thirc Ian nhat cua chung ta trong the ky mai nay la nam bat y tU(Vrg phat trien ben viing - mgt y tuang duang nhu la triru tugng - va bien no thanh hi(;nthirc doi vai tat ca mgi nguai tren the giai"
Huang ung "Thap ky giao due vi sir phdt trien ben vung" cua Lien hgp quoc, Viet Nam chung ta nhan thirc Gido due vi sir phdt trien ben virng la mgt chuang
trinh boat dgng c6 tam ca quoc te bao gom nhieu phuang dien, da dang va phuc tap, vira Joi hoi cap thiet lai vira c6 tinh chien luge lau dai Vi vay chung ta can tao ra sure nanh tong hgp, tir trung uang tai dia phuang tir cae t6 chiirc chinh phii va phi chim phii, tai cac doan the xa hgi va tu nhan, cac to chire trong nuac va quoc te,
hi^nthuc hoa y tuang va chuang trinh "Thap ky gido due vi suphdt trien bin virng"
cua >ien hgp quoc a Viet Nam cho den nam 2014
Chinh vi tam quan trgng dac biet eiia sir phat trien b€n viing, Uy ban Van hoa
giiiodvic the giai UNESCO da to chirc nhieu hgi thao quoc te ve Phat trien ben
virn^ va phat dgng cuge van dgng Thap ky gido due vi su phdt trien ben virng tir 200:-2014
2 Giao due - rnqt phirong tifn huru hi^u quang ba tir tirang giao due vi su*
pha trien ben virng
2.1 Trong qud trinh twang tdc vao tu nhien vd xa hgi de phdt trien, moi cong
doni dan toe tiiy theo dieu kien ciia moi truang song da sang tao nhieu gia tri van loa khae nhau Nhu:ng gia tri van hoa nay chinh la sir ket tinh lau dai kinh nghum urng xu vai moi truang tu nhien va xa hgi, da gop phSn minh chung sir thicl ung va sang tao van hoa cua moi cong dong trong qua trinh phat triSn Nhung gia tri my dugc ghi nha trong ky ire con nguofi va trong sach va hay cac van ban khamhau
Giao due la mgt trong nhung phuang tien quan trgng bao luu cac gia tri van hoa cua noi cong dong, huang tai cai dep va sir phat trien Ciing vai he thdng giao due
Trang 4VI$T NAM HQC - KY YEU H Q I THAO QU6C TE LAN THU TU
tir gia dinh din xa hgi, nhihig gia tri van hoa t6t dep, doc dao cua moi cong d6ng
luon dugc sang Igc, bao luu va phat trien tir the nay sang the he khac
Trong thai dai toan eSu hoa va khoa hgc ky thuat phat tridn manh mg, ca cong ngh? day hgc va noi dung giao due cung da c6 nhieu doi mai, phai ticli hgp nhiau kiSn thirc mai cua nhan loai va xa hgi, trong do c6 kien thirc glad due vi sir phat triln b6n vQ-ng Day la nhu cau tat yeu ciia quy luat nhan thirc, phai luon tilp nhan va d6i mai kiSn thirc Tuy nhien, can luu y khong phai nhCrng kiln thirc moi nao cung phai dua vao chuang trinh giao due pho thong
Du luan xa hgi da tirng phe phan sir qua tai cua chuang trinh va sach giao khoa
khi nguai ta dua nhiSu vSn de mai cua xa hgi va thai dai vao giang day nhu:
"dire tri thd my, lao ky ve quan, nghiep hon moi dan, giao truyen cong luat" van da a day la, mgt mat phai lira chgn ky cang nhCrng kian thirc dinh dua them vao giang day; nhung quan trgng ban la con duang, each thuc pho bien truyan tai kian thuc t6i uu trong nha truang ph6 thong Diau quan trgng khong phai la tang s6 lugng mon hgc, ma la tich hgp nhirng kian thuc mai trong giang day cac mon hgc cu tha
Thong qua giang day tirng mon hgc cu tha, giao vian c6 tha long ghep noi
dung giao due phat triln ban virng mgt each "tvr nhian" nhk Tran ca sa do, giao
vian CO tha dem lai d6i mai tir nhan thirc din tinh cam va hanh dgng cho hgc sinh
trong nha truang va ngoai xa hgi ve phat trian bin vung COng qua cac cap cua he
thdng giao due, tir mSm non lan dai hgc v6i s6 lugng hgc sinh, sinh vian v6 cimg
dong dao, eo mat a khap mgi viing miln d§t nuac, nhirng kiln thirc ve phat trien
bin virng se nhanh chong dugc nhan lan va hi?u qua cua giao due tir thay d6i nhan thirc din tinh cam se giup cho dong dao thI he tre - nguai xay dung tuang lai dat nuac CO nhurng nh^n thirc mai va hanh dgng diing d6i vai moi truang va sir phat trian ban virng
2.2 Tiim nang ciia Vi^t Nam hgc ddi v&i tich hgp gido due phdt triin ben vu-ng
Truac hit cSn thSy nhilu mon, nhilu nganh khoa hgc c6 tha tich hgp giao due phat triin ben virng, tuy nhian Viet Nam hgc la nganh hgc c6 nhieu uu the han trong viec tich hgp giao due phat trian ban virng
La khoa hgc liSn nganh nghien ciru vl dk nuac va con nguai Viet Nam ihong
qua viec tich hgp nhurng kiln thuc va phuang phap cua cac nganh khoa hgc khac, dac biet la khoa hgc xa hgi, Viet Nam hgc c6 thI dem lai cho nguai hgc nhirng doi mai vl kien thirc nhu sau:
+ Nhan thirc vl con nguai va xa hgi, ding thai giao due bao luu nhirng gia tri van hoa, nhirng tinh cam tham my cua cong dong
Trang 5TiCH HOP GlAO DUG Vl SU PHAT TRIS'N B I N V C N G
+ lYong tinh khoa hgc Viet Nam hgc con c6 thI tu vAn hoach dinh nhirng duOTg loi phat trien ciia dat nude, dac biet no quan tam tai van hoa con ngudi, van hoa ;ua mgt cong dong do con ngudi va vi con ngudi
+ Viet Nam hgc khong chi tac dgng dan nhung ngudi dan hoac nhirng giao vien hay sinh vian trong trudng, ma con tac dgng tdi tSng lap quan chirc, nhung
nguri se phai doi mat vdi van de phat trian ban vung ciia dk nude NIU nhu hg khoig CO nhirng hiau biet ca ban \e dat nude con ngudi Viet Nam, lieu nhii-ng chinh sach hg dua ra c6 phii hgp vdi quy luat phat triin chung cua dk nude va dap irng
nguyen vgng ngan ddi nay cua ngudi dan Viet Nam hay khong?
+ Viet Nam hgc con nghien ciru ve moi quan he ban trong va ban ngoai cua
dat rude con ngudi Viet Nam Trong thdi dai toan cau hoa, sir le thugc cac qu6c gia vao ihau la khong tranh khdi Vi vay, mu6n phat triin bin vung Viet Nam khong the ihong tham gia vao cac boat dgng chung cua cac cong dong trong khu vuc va tren ha gidi, nham ngan chan moi trudng suy thoai, khung hoang tai nguyan, luang thgrc bian doi khi hau theo loi "tu duy mang tam quoc ta, hanh vi phai dugc dien
ra dlia phuang"
+ Phat trian ban viing cung do eon ngudi va vi eon ngudi, Vi^t Nam hgc cung phai do con ngudi va vi con ngudi, cho nan chu thl con ngudi ciia van hoa giao due
ciin^ vdi nhiJng mon hgc ca ban, c6 tha tich hgp nhung kian thuc ve phat triin bin
vunj trong giang day, dem lai nhirng nhan thuc mdi, tinh earn mdi va hanh dgng cao lep hudng tdi nhung hieu qua va gia trj cua s\r phat triin bin vung trong tirng con igudi, tirng mai trudng d Vi^t Nam
3 The nao 1^ tich hgp gi^o due ph^t trien ben vung trong ng^nh Vif t Nam hpc
3 J Nguyen tac tich hgp
a Tich hap kien thuc Id mot qud trinh tap hap vd nhdo nan kien thuc theo mot dinhhuang nhat dinh, la quy luat tat yau cua nhan thirc va phuang phap khi lugng
thdn;, tin luon bimg no va ddi hoi doi mdi Do la sir long ghep mgt each hgp ly, hai hda ihirng kian thirc va phuang phap khoa hgc khac nhau vao mgt mon hgc hoac ngarti hgc nao do Vi vay tich hgp khong chi ddi hoi noi dung kian thirc rgng ma con :an ca phuang phap tich hgp dugc nang len thanh nghe thuat lian tudng va thiiyit giang, tai nhien cung can ton trgng nhung nguyan tac nhat dinh cua nganh hgc
b Nam vung triet ly ve suphdt trien ben vung vd triet ly gido due
- Trong thdi dai toan cau hda con ngudi can cd tu duy mang tinh toan cau hay
khu 'ire con hanh dgng phai dugc dien ra d dia phuang, khi xem xet va giao due phat ricn ben vung
Trang 6VlfT NAM HQC - KY YEU H()\ THAO QU6C TE LAN THU TU
- can ton trgng sir da dang qu6c gia - dan toe trong tinh thong nhat trong qua
trinh hudng ve phat trian ban virng
- Muc tiau cu6i ciing cua sir phat triin ben vQng la cho con ngudi va vi con ngudi trong mgi hoan canh, mgi xa hgi va mgi chinh sach kinh ta xa hgi
- Qua trinh giang day phai lam chii kiln thuc, luon coi ngudi hgc la trung tam Biln qua trinh dao tao thanh qua trinh tu dao tao
c Nguai gidng day Viet Nam hoc truac hit phdi cd mot khdi luang kien thirc nhat dinh, nlu khong mu6n noi la phong phu ve: dia ly, lich sir, van hda, kinh te,
chinh tri, moi trudng va phat triin bin vung, mdi cd thl van dung hgp ly, linh boat
va hap dan khi lian he vl su phat triin ban virng
d Gidng day Viet Nam hoc sao cho hdp ddn khong he la dieu dan gidn, lai them
tich hgp vl sir phat triin bin vijng, nlu khong nhuSn nhuyen hoac khian cuang, de biln gid day Viet Nam hgc thanh gid thuylt ly vl chinh tri, kinh ta hoac moi trudng chac hieu qua tich hgp khong thu dugc bao nhiau Vi vay, c k luu y khong biln gid Vi?t Nam hgc thanh gid thuylt ly suong vl phat triin ban vung
e Cdn thong qua nhihig mon hgc cu thi ciia nganh Viet Nam hoc de tich hap gido due phdt triin bin viing, nhu mon dja ly, giao due moi trudng, van hda, du lich,
bao chi moi mon hgc tiiy theo thl manh ma gan kit ca muc tiau lln noi dung va phuang phap giao dye phat triin bin viing
Ngoai ra cdn nhung mon khae nhu lich sir, van hgc, ngon ngit diu cd thl 16ng ghep giao dye phat triin bin vihig Vdn dl la khi giao vian da ndm chac kian thirc gido dye phat triin bin vOng va luon cd y thirc ling ghep kian thirc nay, cd tha noi khong mon hgc nao la khong ling ghep dugc
3.2 Nhimg ngi dung tich hgp gido due phdt triin bin vihtg trong Vigt Nam hgc
a Truac hit la dem lai nhan thirc cho sinh vien vi gido due phdt trien ben virng tir suphdt triin khong ben vung:
- Thuc tl eon ngudi phai lao dgng san xuat ra cua cai vat chSt dem lai cuge song ngay cang no km hon Nhung eon ngudi tir xua tdi nay chua tirng xay dirng dugc mgt xa hgi tdt dep ca vl ddi sdng vat chk va tinh thSn trong xa hgi phan chia giai
cap Giai cap thing tri khi da nam quyin luc trong tay, lap tire gianh quyen phan phdi thanh qua lao dgng va ngudi lao dgng vdn dugc hudng thanh qua lao dgng lai
bi bde lot nhk dinh sinh ra mau thuan va xung dot xa hgi thudng xuyen dien ra huy
hoai nhilu thanh qua lao dgng va tinh mang con ngudi Chi rieng dieu nay cung lam
xa hgi phat triin khong ban vOrng
Trang 7T(CH HOP GlAO DUG Vl SU PHAT T R I ^ ' N B I N VCCNG
1 hem nira, con ngudi de sdng cdn, phai ra sire tac dgng vao mdi trudng tu nhien
de tin ngudn sdng Dac biet dong bao cac dan tc)c thieu so phai chat rirng ddt rSy lain luang Nhung tap tuc ngan ddi nay van dang dugc duy tri NhQ-ng ngudi nay dau ;d biet rang chinh hg dang pha hoai mdi trudng sdng, va tat yeu se dan din su khdrg ban virng cho cuge sdng
- Mat khac khi tiap xiic vdi ddi sdng van minh ngay cang cao con ngudi lai thi'rcnhan ra rang de cd ddi sdng van minh nhu vay, con ngudi phai ra sire khai th.ictdi mire buy hoai mdi trudng tu nhian mdi cd cua cai ddi dao Luc nay con nguri lai trd thanh ke thii cua mdi trudng tu nhien lam nd kiet que d nhiem va khuig hoang Va "tu nhien nhat dinh se lanh liing tra thii con ngudi" Con ngudi mudi cuge sdng phat trien nhu hi^n nay, thuc chat mdi la su phat triin chir khong hi ban 'iJng
b Noi dung tich hap phdi the hien rd quan niem ve phdt trien ben virng:
* Phat trien ben virng la mgt qua trinh diau hanh hai hda giira phat trian kinh
ta, ai sinh xa hgi va an toan mdi trudng, dudi anh sang diau tiet cua van hda con nguri Su phat trian nay phai vi ca tha he mai sau
- Quan niem nay tha hien mdi quan h^ hai hda giura phat triin kinh tl, an sinh
xa h»i va an toan mdi trudng - ba chan kiang cua su phat trian
+ Trude hat ve vai trd cua kinh ta, nganh san xuat ra ciia cai vat chat cho xa
hgi tr vi?e van hanh ba yeu to: von, ky thuat va eon ngudi Ai cung thay tam quan trgnj phai phat triin kinh ta mdi lam quoc gia phat trian, mdi lam cho ddi sdng vat chatva tinh than ciia eon ngudi va xa hgi ngay cang dugc nang cao ban, tiam luc qud(phdng cung vi tha ma manh ban Vi vay ma vi tha cua mgt quoc gia trong khu 'ye va tren tha gidi cung dugc khang djnh ban
Tuy nhian, phat trian kinh ta khdng tha chi vi Igi nhuan hay chi vi cai Igi trude m.lt.Bai hgc dat gia cho Viet Nam cd rat nhiau d ITnh vuc nay Vy Cong ty Vedan gilt dng Thi Vai, vu khai thac bdxit d Tay Nguyan, chd nao cung xay dung thiiy di(Jn dac biet mien Trung, ma dap thiiy dien sdng Tranh vdi nhiau chd rd ri dang la
m()t iguy ca treo tren dau ngudi dan dja phuang Thanh pho Da Nang da phai de
nghi Chinh phu ngirng xay thiiy dien d tinh nay, vi tan pha mdi trudng va gay ra nhiai lu lyt
Chua ke cong tac quan ly kinh ta cdn rat nhieu mdi me va la lam Su that thoat tron; quan ly kinh te la qua Idn so vdi su phat trian Nhirng tap doan quoc gia da lam hat thoat hang ngan ty dong cua nhan dan nhu Vinashin da chet chim, nay lai Vinaine nem hang ngan ty ra bien; Tap doan Dau khi cung that thoat tdi 18.000 ty Diei nay gay nan nhieu Ccin trd cho su phat trien
Trang 8VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HQI THAO QU6c TE LAN THU TU
Ban than nganh kinh ta la nganh san xuat ra cua cai vat chat dua vao su dieu hanh ba ylu to: vdn, ky thuat va con ngudi Lau nay ngudi ta mdi chi nghT tdi phat triin kinh tl nhd vdn (tai nguyan, khoang san, tai chinh ), cho nan ngudi ta cir tlao than ban di, cir tudng md than d Hdng Gai, Cam Pha la vd tan, dau biet rang jan nam 2013 Viet Nam can kiet than, sap phai di mua lai cua nude ngoai; cir hiit dau ngoai khai dem ban khdng cSn bilt lo lai; tham chi cho thua ca rirng dau ngudn re nhu cho
van dk ky thuat ciing la mgt nhan td quylt dinh su phat triin kinh ta Ky thuat
cua nude ta nhin chung chua phat triin cao so vdi khu vuc Mae dii cd nhirng ng.inh
cd thl di nhanh ban nhu cong nghe thdng tin Tuy nhien nhiau can bd cac nganh di mua may mdc cu, hoac may mdi ddi qua cu hay la mua lai cong nghe cac nirdc ngoai thai ra dem vl dl cai thien ky thuat cho Viet Nam (tiau biau vy mua tau Hoa Sen cii cua Vinashin, vy mua y noi qua ban su dung ton 46 ty cua Vinaline ) Ke
ca ky thuat dien hat nhan, da cd nhirng y kiln da nghj xem xet lai viec xay d\rng Nha may dien nguyan tu d Ninh Thuan, khi ngudi Nhat Ban vdi trinh do khoa hgc
ky thuat hien d^i, gSp Vi^t Nam nhilu lan, cdn bi tra gia cho vy dgng dat va song than pha buy Nha may dien hat nhan d Fukujma
Nan nhd rang qua lam dung ky thuat hay nhan danh ky thuat, con ngudi cung phai tra gia Vy no Nha may dien nguyen tu Trecnobun d Nga keo theo hang ngan ngudi chit vi nhiem xa; vy Nha may Igc dau d Nhat Ban thai thuy ngan xudng biln gay ngg doc cho loai vat va con ngudi mac b?nh run ray va dau ddn cho tdi chit, ngay ca nhCtng con meo bi ngg doc cung khdng thl chiu ndi dau ddn phai nhay xudng biln tu tu; vy rd ri khi doc d nha may hda chat cua My dat tren dat
An Do, lan rgng tdi 25km^ da cudp di hang ngan sinh mang khi hg cdn chim trong gide ngu, dii cd tinh lai cung khdng cd each nao cuu ehira vi mat da mii va phdi
da hdng
van de quan trgng thu ba dl phat triin kinh tl chinh la con ngudi That ra yeu
td con ngudi bao trirm lan ca hai ylu td tran Trong khai niem vdn ngay nay, tha gidi cd khai niem vdn vd hinh la vdn tri tue, hoac nang luc td chirc cua eon ngudi Nhat la khi loai ngudi sap bude sang nin "kinh tl tri thirc", phan vdn nay lai cang quan trgng han Phan ky thuat chinh la do con ngudi sang tao ra va dieu khiOn no
Tuy nhien nang xuk cao hay thap khdng chi do may mdc, ma cdn do tay nghe tu
tudng dao dire, luang tam cua nhung chu thl dilu hanh ky thuat Vi vay con ngudi,
ndi rgng ra van hda con ngudi vln phai la dgng luc va muc tieu cua su phat trien
ben vQ-ng
+ Tilp din la van dl an sinh xa hgi Phat triin kinh te ciing phai vi an sinh xa
hgi 6 day nd thl hien quan he giira san xuk va phan phdi Su phan phdi nay dugc
Trang 9TiGH HOP GIAO DUG Vl SLf P H A T TRIEN B^N V Q N G
tap rung d che do dai ngg cua nha nude ddi vdi moi thanh vien xa hgi, dam bao cdnt bang va dan chu ddi vdi quyen sdng, quyen dugc hgc hanh va cham sdc sire khdi quyen lu do di lai hgi hgp Chung ta mdi dat udc ma cua xa hgi xa hgi chu nghii la dan giau, nude manh, xa hgi dan chu, cong bang va van minh Thuc tl churg ta cdn rat xa mdi tien tdi udc mo nay Cung vi vay ma chung ta chua cd cai ^gi la dan giau nude manh xa hgi dan chu, cdng bang va van minh Su phan hda ^iau ngheo qua Idn khoang each giii-a mien xudi va mian nguge cdn qua dai LTdc ma con ngudi dugc giai phdng thi bay gid lai bi cac thii tuc hanh chinh trdi bug( Ngudi nong dan sau khang chien chdng Phap dugc chia rudng, ngay nay rugi^ dat thugc Nha nude, luc nao cung cd the thu hdi phuc vy cho nhilu myc dich khac nhau khien cho hang trieu ndng dan mat ngudn canh tac, mat ngudn sdng Nen giao dye van dang loay hoay chua gd ra nhiau van de ca ban, lai phai ddi nat thuc tian xa hgi dao dire cua lira tre bi xudng cap nghiam trgng; gid day B() Oiao dye va Dao tao lai tap trung vao cai each sach giao khoa, tiau ton hang ngar ty dong cua nhan dan Day mdi chi la cai each nggn, ngay ca triat ly va djnh hudng giao dye, nhirng van da ca ban cdn chua lam rd dugc Y te khdng chi thiei thdn ca sd vat chat, ban than ngudi lam y te cung bi tha hda, thiau ca y
due den ndi Bd trudng Bg Y ta phai dua ra phong trao ndi khdng vdi phong bi,
nhuig rdi dau van vao day, trong mgt tuan thang tu nam 2012 cd dan ba san phy chet Van da giao thdng van tai trd thanh van nan ciia quoc gia Sd ngudi chat
vi ta nan giao thdng cdn Idn han ca ngudi chat vi chian tranh Nhin chung mgt x§ h)i Vi?t Nam mudn phat trien ban virng cdn can phai thay ddi dong bg nhieu
vSn ik
+ va an toan mdi trudng, nhieu tai li?u da ndi tdi Mdi trudng chung ta sdng gdmmdi trudng ty nhian va mdi trudng xa hgi Da phat triin kinh ta, mdi trudng
ty niian da bj con ngudi tan pha nghiam trgng Dae biet la nhiau nha may thiiy di(;ndugc pha duyet xay dung tir Bac vao Nam Cai gia phai tra sy duy y chi nay
la v( ciing Idn Ngudi ta dem each thirc cai tao dong bang sdng Hdng bang each dap la, dp dat cho viec cai tao dong bang sdng Ciru Long quen sdng chung vdi lu hoar toan la hanh dgng phan van hda Nhiau nai d ddng bang sdng Ciru Long, nud( ngap lau han, miia khd nude man ngam vao lye dia sau han Nhd bao chi mgi agudi mdi biet viing nay viing kia bao lu, dich benh gia cam gia sue va ca dich benh con ngudi van tran lan tir tinh nay sang tinh kia T^ nan xa hgi cung thudig xuyan dian ra nhu ma tiiy, bat bet vy nay tdi vy khac ma van tiep tuc, nan mui lam, budn ban phy nil qua bian gidi, tran cac td bao dac biet bao Cdng an chi thilydang nhieu vy an cudp hiep, giat Cuge sdng con ngudi trd nan qua nhd be
va y;u dudi, trude nhirng tai hga cua thian nhian va xa hgi thi khdng the cd cai ggi
la plat trien ben virng
Trang 10VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HQI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU
- Ca ba van da kinh ta, xa hgi va mdi trudng phai dudi su diau hanh cua \an hda eon ngudi Dd la dgng luc va myc tiau cao ca ciia phat trian ban virng Mudn phat trian kinh ta nhu tran phan tich phai la do con ngudi thuc hi?n Mudn an sinh
xa hgi cung phai do con ngudi nhat la nhCing ngudi diau hanh dat nude phai dua ra nhirng chinh sach cy tha nham phan phdi, hudng thy cdng bang, minh bach, dan chii Mudn mdi trudng trong sach cung phai do con ngudi trude hat la ngudi dan d khap nai tren dat nude nay thuc hien, chu khdng phai may ngudi lanh dao Vi v^y, dgng luc cua phat trian ben vung phai la con ngudi, nhimg con ngudi cu the dugc
giac ngg ve phat trian ban vu-ng thuc thi
Nhung phat trian kinh ta lau nay chi nhan manh hieu qua la Igi nhuan ma quan han quyIn Igi ciia con ngudi Chinh vi kinh ta thj trudng day mat trai, chi biet chay theo ddng tiln nan hang gia, hang lau, hang d nhilm tran lan bat chap sire khde ngudi tiau diing Mdi trudng tu nhian xa hgi cung chua vi van hda con ngudi Sir ngan chan kip thdi nhung t? nan xa hgi cdn yau dac biet te tham nhung dugc coi la qude nan van diln ra vy sau cang te hai han vy trude Nghi quyat 4 cua Dang dugc dua ra nham dem lai su trong sach cho Dang chinh la tiang coi bao dgng nhu-ng t$ nan xa hgi qua Idn, dac biet cd khdng it cac can bg dang vian mic vao
* van dl thu hai nhkn manh tdi tinh myc dich va ddng lye ciia su phat trian
bin viing la van hda con ngudi
Cai ggi la van hda dau tian phai la eon ngudi va cac gia tri cua nd Vi vay van
hda eon ngudi vdi tu each la dilu tilt kinh tl, xa hgi va mdi trudng, khong chi a vai
trd con ngudi tham gia vao ba van da nay ma quan trgng la tinh myc dich ciia ba
van dl nay Chang ban cac chinh sach vl kinh tl phai hudng ve vi con ngudi chir
khdng dan thuSn vi Igi nhuan, cdc dy an kinh tl phai cd su tham gia cua van hda
Su tham gia nay khdng chi d nhu-ng ngudi thuc hi?n dy an ma quan trgng la phai dat nhirng myc tiau vi eon ngudi ngay khi hoach djnh du an Cac chinh sach xa hgi ciing phai vi con ngudi vi su cdng bang, dan chii va van minh Quan trgng cua an sinh xa hgi la phye vy con ngudi, phai vi cuge sdng cua dai da sd ngirdi dan, khdng thl ddi lap vdi quyIn Igi cua nhan dan, bian dan trd thanh ddi tugng
bj bde lot Dilu nay se dan tdi nhiing diam ndng trong xa hgi, dan den xa hgi khdng ddng thuan va cao ban la khdng dn dinh Mdi trudng sdng cung khdng the coi nhe mgi hoach djnh chinh sach kinh tl xa hgi dau phai quan tam den mdi trudng sdng cua con ngudi
* van dl thir ba cua phat triin ben virng la su phat trien khdng chi cho hdin nay ma cdn cho mudn ddi mai sau
NIU chi vi hdm nay, phat triin kinh tl, an sinh xa hgi va an toan mdi sinh indi chi thuc hien dugc cai ggi la "phat triin", chir chua he "ben virng" Tinh ben vfrng