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Pulmonary Hypertension in Congenital Heart Diseases: Treat and Repair Approach The 15 th Vietnam National Congress of Cardiology, Oct 9, 2016 Clinical Pharmacy Kobe Pharmaceutical Uni

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Pulmonary Hypertension in Congenital Heart Diseases:

Treat and Repair Approach

The 15 th Vietnam National Congress of Cardiology, Oct 9, 2016

Clinical Pharmacy

Kobe Pharmaceutical University

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine

Noriaki Emoto, M.D., Ph.D

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PAH in ASD patients

with an untreated ASD

contraindicated because the closure may induce further elevation of PH and reduction of cardiac output

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Clinical Classification of CHD-PAH

1 Eisenmenger’s syndrome

2 PAH associated with prevalent systemic-to-pulmonary shunt

3 PAH with small/coincidental defects

4 PAH after defect correction

2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension

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Correction of CHD with prevalent

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Correction of CHD with prevalent

2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension

No clear criteria is available!

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Case 34 yr Female

Treat and Repair Case

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Case : 34 y.o Female

Taniguchi Y., Emoto N., et al Heart Vessels 2014, 29: 282-285

complaint of syncope and severe shortness of

breath

to admission

exertional syncope, and bilateral lower limb edema

the past and successfully underwent 2 pregnancies

and normal vaginal deliveries

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Case : 34 y.o Female

Chest X-ray ECG

Taniguchi Y., Emoto N., et al Heart Vessels 2014, 29: 282-285

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TTE

TR severe: TR-PG 103

PR moderate: PR-PG 19 estimated PAP 113/29 mmHg

Qp/Qs = 1.1

ASD + severe PH

Taniguchi Y., Emoto N., et al Heart Vessels 2014, 29: 282-285

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3 PAH with small/coincidental defects

4 PAH after defect correction

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Hemodynamic Data by Cardiac

Before ASD occlusion

8 months after ASD occlusion

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Strategy for the management of

ASD-PAH in Kobe

1 Eisenmenger syndrome

2 PAH associated with prevalent systemic-to-pulmonary shunt

3 PAH with small/coincidental defects

4 PAH after defect correction

Non-correctable

Correctable Combination therapy

ERA + PDE-5I + PGI 2 Correct

treat and repair

Lung transplantation

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Improvement of PAP after

“Treat and Repair” Strategy

Kijima Y, et al., Circ J 2016; 80: 227-234

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Clinical Questions on ASD-PAH

Need to be further investigated!

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Kobe Univ (Japan) GMU ( Indonesia )

Teleconference

Clinical, Molecular, and Genetic Factors that Determine the Severity of

PH in Uncorrected ASD

2014-2017

JSPS and DGHE under the Japan-Indonesia Research Cooperative Program

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Maternal and Child Health

Measures in Japan

Prenatal

health checkups

Newborn health checkups

1 mo 3 mo 10 mo

1 yr 6 mo child health checkups

Pregnancy Child birth Infant Age 1yr Age 2yr Age 3yr

Health checkups for infants

3 yr child health checkups

@ birth

@ discharge

Physical examinations

Auscultation Fetal Echo

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School Health and Safety Measures

Year 1

health checkups

Year 4 checkups

Year 1 health checkups

Age 6yr Age 9yr Age 12yr Age 15yr

Primary screening: ECG screening

Extensive cardiac work-up

Most of CHD will be diagnosed and repaired

during the childhood

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Pilot Study of School Screening

in Indonesia (Aug, 2015)

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Message

• Clinical efficacy of the treat & repair approach

should be validated

• In Japan, Health checkups in infancy and

school ECG screenings play an important role for detecting various types of CHD patients

• The healthcare providers and the patients

should collaborate to investigate unknown

etiology and pathophysiology of CHD-PH , and find a new treatment algorithm for ASD-PH

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Emoto’s Laboratory

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine

Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University http://www.kobepharma-u.ac.jp/~clinical/

Dr Tran Van Hung

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インドネシアと日本における 心房中隔欠損症患者の疫学比較調査

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Int J Cardiol 2007; 120(2):198-204

背景

・西洋諸国の未根治成人ASD患者における肺高血圧合併率は6-16%と報告されている 一方で後進国からの報告では肺高血圧合併率はかなり高い。

Germany 9.0 % in 138 ASD Heart 1999; 82(1):30-3 Dutch registry 6.1 % in 1824 ASD Int J Cardiol 2007; 120(2):198-204 USA 8.0 % in 7122 ASD JACC 2011;58:538-46

CONCOR registry 7.4 % in 1814 LR shunt Int J Cardiol 2014;174(2):299-305 Belgium registry 15.9 % in 295 ASD Int J Cardiol 2014, 176(3):833-40 China 68.4 % in 526 ASD Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2012;40(10):874-7

Germany: 9% in 138 open ASD Heart 1999; 82(1):30-3

Dutch registry 6.1% in 1824 ASD Int J Cardiol 2007; 120(2):198-204

Euro Heart Survery 34% in 504 open ASD Heart 2007; 93(6):682-7

Euro Heart Survey 35% in 505 open ASD Int J Cardiol 2008; 126(3):379-85

USA 8.0% (571) in 7122 ASD JACC 2011;58:538-46

Belgium registry on adult CHD 15.9% in 295 ASD Int J Cardiol 2014, 176(3):833-40

CONCOR registry (Dutch) 7.4% in 1814 systemic to pulmonary shunt Int J Cardiol 2014;174(2):299-305

2.5% under 30 years / 35% in eldest India: 15% in 2386 CHD (ASD, VSD, PDA) Indian Heart J 1995;47(2):125-8

China 68.4% in 526 ASD Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2012;40(10):874-7 USA 3.8% in pediatric ASD (小児!!) Pediatri Cardiol 2013:34(7):1723-8

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Pakistan: 年齢, 欠損孔サイズ(not gender) Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 59(5),:281-6

China: 年齢, 欠損孔サイズ, 標高 (not gender) Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2012;40(10):874-7

Belgium: 根治術導入時年齢(PAH after ASD closure) Int J Cardiol 2014, 176(3):833-40

Norway BMPR2 mutation Scand Cariovasc J 2010;44(6):331-6

背景

Pakistan: Age, size of ASD(not gender) Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 59(5),:281-6

China Age, defect size, Altitude (not gender, nationality) Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2012;40(10):874-7 Belgium registry on adult CHD Elderly (Age) at repair (PAH after ASD closure) Int J Cardiol 2014, 176(3):833-40

Turkey (トルコ) MPV(mean platelet volume) Acta Cardiol 2014;69(2):161-6

Norway BMPR2 mutation Scand Cariovasc J 2010;44(6):331-6

JACC 2011;58:538-46 Heart 2007;93:682-687

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目的

・学校心臓検診システムが整備された日本と未整備なインドネシアにおける 成人未根治ASD患者の肺高血圧合併率を疫学的に比較調査する。

・肺高血圧発症に対する年齢・欠損孔サイズ・性別のリスク要因を両国で 比較評価する。

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解析方法

・解析方法:

・診断時の年齢、性別、WHO機能分類、6分間歩行距離 経食道心エコーにより測定した欠損孔サイズ、

右心カテーテルによる血行動態指標を両国間で比較する(t検定)。

・肺高血圧症発症のリスク因子として年齢、性別、欠損孔サイズの影響 を多変量解析にて両国間比較する。

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女性 (%) 117 (81.3%) 101 (62.0%) 診断時年齢 (歳) 35.3±1.1 58.6±1.4 <0.00001

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No PH 28%

PH

59%

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(人) (人)

両国いずれの肺高血圧も女性が圧倒的多数を占める。

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m 90%

Primary 4%

Coronary Sinus 1%

PFO 5%

Secundu

m 96%

Primary

1%

Sinus Venosus 3%

欠損孔タイプ

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Defect size (cm2)

Kobe Gadja Mada 0

5 10 15

Defect

欠損孔面積 (cm2) 5.6±0.3 2.9±0.2 <0.00001 欠損孔長軸 (cm) 2.8±0.1 2.0±0.1 <0.00001 欠損孔短軸 (cm) 2.4±0.1 1.5±0.1 <0.00001

Other abnormality Cor triatum1, ECD1, PAPVD1, PS3

TOF+MAPA1, ECD3, PAPVR1, ccTGA1, Down synd1, PS2, lowEF3, Paradoxical Emboli1, PAV

fistula1

欠損孔面積 (cm2)

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Gadja Mada Kobe 0

2 4 6 8 10

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0 20 40 60 80 100

29名 (17.8%) 103名 (71.5%)

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18名 (12.5%) 2名 (1.2%)

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ASDにおけるPH発症因子の多変量ロジスティック解析

ガジャマダ大学

PH vs no PH (n=104 vs 40)

神戸大学

PH vs no PH (n=29 vs 134)

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まとめ

・本邦におけるASD症例のうちPHを合併しているのは17.8%と

これまでの西洋諸国からの報告と同じ程度であった。

一方インドネシアにおけるASD症例は71.5%がPHを合併しており、中国 からの報告と同程度であった。

・本邦では高齢軽症例が多く、インドネシアでは若年重症例が多い。

・PH発症への独立した危険因子は

欠損孔サイズは両国ともに独立した危険因子であった。

女性はインドネシアでは危険因子ではなく、本邦では危険因子となった。 年齢に関しては両国のデータともに明らかなリスク因子とはならなかった。

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結語

・医療制度の異なる両国のPH合併率の違いが明らかとなり、本邦におけ る小児検診システムの有用性を再確認すると共に、東南アジア諸国での 小児期検診システムの整備が急務であると思われる。

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