Recommendations to enhance ship and port facility security under ISPS code in quang ninh port area

VIETNAM MARITIME UNIVERSITY DISSERTATION GLOBAL STUDIES AND MARITIME AFFAIRS RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE SHIP AND PORT FACILITY SECURITY UNDER ISPS CODE INQUANG NINH PORT AREA Supervi

STUDENT NAME: VU PHUONG THAO

DISSERTATION

GLOBAL STUDIES AND MARITIME AFFAIRS

RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE SHIP AND PORT FACILITY SECURITY UNDER ISPS CODE INQUANG NINH

PORT AREA

HAI PHONG – 2015

VIETNAM MARITIME UNIVERSITY

DISSERTATION

GLOBAL STUDIES AND MARITIME AFFAIRS

RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE SHIP AND PORT FACILITY SECURITY UNDER ISPS CODE

INQUANG NINH PORT AREA

Supervisor: MSc Hoang Thi Lich

Division: Global Studies and Maritime Affairs

Faculty: Economics

HAI PHONG – 2015

PREFACE

In the modern world where security has become one of the top topic attracting much attention of the public, it is very necessary for each country and region to identify specific threats probably happening in order to propose appropirate methods and plan to avoid and response to emergency situation

Inspired by this necessity of the issue, I decided to do the research about Ship and

Port Facility Security under ISPS code in Quang Ninh Port Area, since the

scope is in strong realtion to where I had my final internship, Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh After researching, I desire to recommendation to improve the security there with the ambition to get a port area that is free from threats and friendly to all vessels and passengers visiting

I declare that this report is my own unaided work It has not been submitted before

If violated, I am solely responsible for and bear the punishments of the International School of Education and Vietnam Maritime University

Student

Vu Phuong Thao

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I truly desire to describe my progress in knowledge, skills and experience when

completing this disseration Researching about the topic Recommendations to

enhance ship and port facility security under ISPS code in Quang Ninh area

not only helped me to enrich my knowledge in the field of maritime security but also trained me to manage time, deal with other organizations, get used to process

of making dissertaion and link theory and practice I have known how to organized

my schedule properly to meet the deadlines, how to get access to the Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh as well as how to write a disseration with suitable format and content

I wish to sincerely express my grattitude to MSc Hoang Thi Lich, Deputy Head of Global Studies & Maritime Affairs Division, for suppying me with clear guidance and helpful advices that kept me on the right track throughout the whole course

I also would like to thank Mr Nguyen Van Phuc, Director of Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh, for giving me the internship there, and Mr Hoang Van Hoan, Head of Maritime Safety and Inspection Division, for directly instructing me and giving practical comments on my dissertation

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES vii

INTRODUCTION 1

Necessity 1

Research object 2

Research scope 2

Research methodology 2

Research findings 3

CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 4

1.1 Overview of maritime security 4

1.2 Maritime security under ISPS code 5

1.2.1 Introduction to ISPS code 5

1.2.2 Security levels 5

1.2.3 Application 6

1.2.4 Ship security 6

1.2.5 Port facility security 9

1.2.6 Regulations in Vietnam 10

CHAPTER 2: EVALUATION OF SHIP AND PORT FACILITY SECURITY

UNDER ISPS CODE IN QUANG NINH PORT AREA 12

2.1 Overview of Quang Ninh port area 12

2.1.1 Port facilities and port access channels 12

2.1.2 Maritime throughput at Quang Ninh port area from 2010 to 2014 16

2.2 Ship and port facility security in Quang Ninh port area 17

2.2.1 Party in charge of ship and port facility security in Quang Ninh port area 18

2.2.2 Current status of maritime security at Quang Ninh ports area 20

2.3 Evaluation of ship and port facility security at Quang Ninh ports area 31 2.4.1 General evaluation 31

2.4.2 Evaluation ship and port facility security under ISPS code in Quang Ninh ports area 32

CHAPTER 3: RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE SHIP AND PORT FACILITY SECURITY UNDER ISPS CODE IN QUANG NINH PORT AREA 36

3.1 Compliance with ISPS code and regulations in Vietnam 36

3.2 Implementation of the procedure 37

3.3 The cooperation of related organizations 37

3.4 Human resources 38

CONCLUSION 39

REFERENCE 41

APPENDIX 43

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

IMO International Maritime Organization

ISPS International Ship and Port Facility Security Code

PFSA Port Facility Security Assessment

PFSO Port Facility Security Officer

PFSP Port Facility Security Plan

SSA Ship Security Assessment

SSP Ship Security Plan

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Three approaches defined by RAND 4

Table 1.2 Security levels under the ISPS code 5

Table 1.3 List of Vietnam regulations adopting the ISPS code 11

Table 2.1 List of terminals in Quang Ninh port area 13

Table 2.2 List of port access channels in Quang Ninh area 15

Table 2.3 Maritime output at Quang Ninh ports area from 2010 to 2014 16

Table 2.4 Role of human resource of Maritime Safety and Inspection Division 19

Table 2.5 Details of trafficking in Quang Ninh port from 2010 to 2015 22

Table 2.6 List of seaports in Quang Ninh implementing the ISPS code 23

Table 2.7 Details of pilferage in Quang Ninh port from 2011 to 2013 30

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Volume of sea-going vessels through Quang Ninh port area from 2010 to

2014 16

Figure 2.2 Volume of cargo through Quang Ninh port area from 2010 to 2014 16

Figure 2.3 Volume of passengers through Quang Ninh port area from 2010 to 2014 17

Figure 2.4 Organization chart of Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh 18

Figure 2.5 Process of Ship Security Plan approval 21

Figure 2.6 Process of port facility security assessment 24

Figure 2.7 Process of port facility security plan approval 25

Figure 2.8 Number of pilferage cases in Quang Ninh port area from 2010 to 2014 29

INTRODUCTION Necessity

In the modern era, maritime economic has been growing its important role in the human life The very first benefit it brings about is transportation that is recognized

as Silk Road on the sea, handling approximately 90 per cent of commercial merchandise of the international trade.This way of transportation guarantees cargo movement within a region or even from continent to continent The relatively low cost, in comparison with other modes of product shipping, boost up the mass production, particularly outsourcing activity of numerous firms that allows a worldwide products distribution Apart from economics, maritime development has many benefits in larger fields The sea accounts for three-quarter of the global area

on the Earth; therefore, taking control of the sea brings much greater power than land power does This special territory not only provides a new economic space but also create a new trend of science, technology research in exploring and exploiting natural resources for fuel, materials, energy, food and living space in the near future However, as a large area with low population density, the sea turns out to be

a very vulnerable destination where various threats to individuals, organizations and even governments may occur Once these threats happen, they are likely to cause severe damages in different aspects This is the reason why offshore security has become as a widely concerned topic all over the world

As a nation with the coastline of over 3,000 km, Vietnam is also concern about the matter of maritime security According to UNCLOS 1982, the sea area of Vietnam

is up to 1 million km2together with approximately 3,000 islands, 48 bays and more than 100 river entrances In term of population, 29 cities and provinces are located nearby the sea with the population of over 20 million people In addition, there are a wide range of economic activities are currently happening there such as port operation, fishery, tourism, salt production, and so on Therefore, the sea has a strong connection to Vietnamese in various fields, which requires a thoughtful care for a comprehensive and secured development in a long run

Being connected to one of the most principal trade routes on the sea that passing Strait of Malacca, is an advantage but also a disadvantage to Vietnam To the positive side, this route serves the majority of global shipment, hence, the volume of cargo are likely through Vietnam can be really high According to CIEM –

Information & Data Center, this figure may double or triple in the few decades Furthermore, being next to giant hubs of the world like Singapore, Shanghai and Hong Kong, transmitting port of Vietnam are usually busy with fleets on the route to/fromthose destinations Nevertheless, this also has a number of drawbacks since Strait of Malacca has been well known as anunstable location in the field of safety and security This is where serious piracy and other types of threats are very pro-active, thus the possibility that this issues may spread and have negative impacts on Vietnam maritime is comparatively high

The economic feature is emphasized together with the maritime security, since only when the security is guaranteed; the economics has a concrete basis to develop and attracts interest of investors Especially at this point of time when maritime transportation has been increasingly popular and essential, the issue of pirates, armed – pilferage on board the ships become a global phenomenon Recently, the frequency of pirate attacks in the Southeast Asia has been rose noticeably, raising a great concern within not only domestic maritime association but also all over the world

Research object

The dissertation is subjected tomaritime security at Quang Ninh port area, including ship security and port facility security on the perception of Governmental authorities From the perspective of the authorities bodies, ship and port facility security is a flow including adopting International Conventions and Vietnam Laws, issueing official process to assure maritime security in related units and inpection the implementation of those units such as ship companies and port operator According to this fact, the dissertation is subjected to study, analyze and evaluate the whole flow before giving some recommendations to improve the working procedures in terms of ship and port facility security of governmental bodies in Quang Ninh port area

 Summarize systematically all processes ang performances of maritime security at identified area (namely: Quang Ninh ports area)

 Analyze and evaluate the maritime security status at Quang Ninh port area

 Propose some recommendation in order to enhance ship and port facility security at Quang Ninh ports area on the basis of mentioned evaluation

Research findings

After researching, I managed to collect, organize and analyze information about process of ship and port facility security performance in Quang Ninh port area In addition to that, the disseration also reports figures related to result of ship and port facility security of this province since 2010 On the basis of these data, the study was continued with evaluating and recommending the topic on the four criteria: compliance with ISPS code and Vietnam regulations, implementation of proposed procedure, cooperation of related organizations, and human resources

The main content of this dissertation include three chapters as below:

Chapter 1: Literature review

Chapter 2: Evaluation of ship and port facility security at seaports of Quang Ninh under ISPS code

Chapter 3: Recommendations to enhance ship and port facility security under ISPS code at seaports of Quang Ninh

CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Overview of maritime security

Maritime security became an international issue, drawing numerous attention of the global public, when it has been listed as a mission of Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) First of all, in order to evaluate the issues properly, it is necessary to figure out what maritime security means Although there has been no universal legal definition for this term so far, experts attempt to clarify its inner factors, namely the threats causing violation to maritime security According to Tom Kelly, the acting assistant secretary in the Political-Military Affairs of the U.S.A, maritime security is the act to ensure that the ocean is free from threats (Kelly, 2014) These threats are supposed to consist of inter – state disputes, maritime disputes, piracy, trafficking, proliferation, illegal fishing, environmental crimes, maritime accidents and disaster (Bueger, 2014) Therefore, maritime security covers all the activities handling the dangers mentioned above In addition, RAND corporation announced that there are three possible tiers threatening to the maritime security, namely:

Table 1.1 Three approaches defined by RAND

I Non – state threats Piracy, terrorism, natural disasters, accidents,

criminal gangs

II Rogue and Failed States Non government, government without real

power III State to State Conflicts Conflicts between countries

(Nincic, 2014)

In detail, the non-state threats usually include maritime piracy, maritime terrorism, natural disasters, accidents and criminal gangs The rogue and failed states occurs when there is no government in that country or the government is unable to do anything to handle the maritime security violation Somalia can be a typical example for this tier, because their government has failed to control the nation, leading to the rise of starving and out-of-control piracy Ultimately, the tier III has been happened less frequently in the modern era thanks to globalization trend that nations are more likely to cooperate with each other in the win-win relation instead

of competing and arguing However, the conflict still happen occasionally in some

specific location such as in the South China Sea between China and ASEAN nations, or the Senkaku island dispute between China and Japan

Certainly, as an official international matter, maritime security requires a series of legal documents to provide guidance as well as regulations Based on the presentation of Michele Ameri and Michael Shewchuk (Michele Ameri, 2007), relevant information about threats to maritime security can be found in Charter of the United Nations, UNCLOS, other global conventions and so on

1.2 Maritime security under ISPS code

1.2.1 Introduction to ISPS code

International Code for the Security of Ships and Port Facilities was under an International Convention, SOLAS This code was to establish an international framework involving co-operation between Contracting Governments, Government agencies, local administrations and the shipping and port industries to detect security threats and take preventive measures against security incidents addicting ships or port facilities

Those objectives are supposed to achieve by appointing proper staff/officer on board or at each terminals of ports and in shipping lines in order to prepare and make security plan for each vessel and port

Part A of ISPS code is mandatory provisions to which reference is made in chapter XI-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 as amended

In the meanwhile, Part B is the guidance regarding the provisions of chapter XI-2 of the annex to the international convention for the safety of life at sea, 1974 as amended and part A of this code

1.2.2 Security levels

Table 1.2 Security levels under the ISPS code

Security

level 1

Minimum appropriate protective

security measures shall be

implemented at all times

Counter most forms of criminality (trespass, pilferage, stowaways) Allow normal commercial operation

Security

level 2

Appropriate additional protective

security measures shall be

maintained for a period of time as

a result of the heightened risk of a

security incident

Allow commercial operation of port, port facility, ship (increased security restrictions)

Security

level 3

Further specific protective

security measures shall be

maintained for a limited period of

time when a security incident is

probable or imminent, although it

may not be possible to identify a

specific target

Possibilities of suspension of commercial activities

Control transferred to Government organizations

(Source: Guide to maritime security and the ISPS code, 2012 edition)

1.2.3 Application

Even though this is an international code, ISPS does not apply to all kinds of ships There are just some kinds of vessels and ports under the ISPS (IMO, 2005), namely:

- for vessels on international voyages

o passenger ships, including high – speed passenger craft

o cargo ships , including high – speed craft, of 500 gross tonnage and upwards

o mobile offshore drilling units

- for ports: port facilities vessels on international voyages that are mentioned above

The code does not apply to warships, naval auxiliaries or other ships owned or operated by a Contracting government and used only on Government non-commercial service

1.2.4 Ship security

Ship security is the application on board in order to protect human, cargo, units transporting the shipments, ship supplies or the vessel from risk of maritime incidents

1.2.4.1 Ship security assessment (SSA)

Under ISPS code, Ship Security Assessment is the very first step in the process of building up a plan for ship security The company or shipping line is in charge of carrying out this stage under the supervision of concerned party The chief security offier of the vessel is responsible of assuring that people with necessary skills assess the security of the ship It should be noted that even if there are several ships in one fleet, a Ship Security Assessment is still mandatory for each separate ships(IMO, 2005)

In this stage, the Company Security Officer (CSO) needs to accomplish the security assessment first According to part B of ISPS code, SSA should take into accounts the elements on board the ship; information required to conduct the assessment; persons, services and operations to protect In addition to those three issues, all possible threats and vulnerabilities also need to be considered thoroughly

During the course of a SSA, an on-scene survey must be conducted inorder to examine and evaluate the current measures, procedures and operation of security maintenance on board the vessel Under ISPS code, this survey includes the following criteria:

- Identification of existing security measures, procedures and operations

These security measures, procedures and operations can be simply understood as ability to respond to emergency situations, security patrol, security communication system, handling of surveillance equipment (HITESHK, 2012)

- Identification and evaluation of key ship board operation that it is important

to protect

Ship board operation consists of cargo handling, navigation, machinery handling and so on Additionally, some important spaces that are directly related to those operations also need to be considered carefully, such as bridges, stores, machinery spaces and steering control system(HITESHK, 2012)

- Identification of possible threats to the key ship board operations and the likelihood of their occurrence, in order to establish and prioritise security measures

This part is one of the hardest one since it requires the imagination of the security officer as well as the company They need to think and identify some threat situations that are likely to happen to the ship However, there are some components regarding to the ships that can be taken into consideration, for instance, types of ship, crew, and type of cargo and so on (HITESHK, 2012)

- Identification of weaknesses, including human factors in the infrastructure, policies and procedures

Based on the four elements mentioned above, the weaknesses can be drawn out and the objectives or amendment can be listed such as new measures (HITESHK, 2012)

1.2.4.2 Ship security plan (SSP)

On the basis of the SSA above, a Ship Security Plan (SSP) is made in order to guarantee the implementation of all possible method to protect human, cargo, cargo transporting unit, and stores on board the ship This plan must be submitted to an authority organization in the Contracting Government for an approval before being implemented into practice The content of the plan should be differed from ship to ship so as to suit with the particular characteristics of each vessel(IMO, 2005)

The SSA is finished with specific features of the ship and potential threats as well

as possible vulnerabilities for the ship Turning to SSP, the security officer need to address in details all these features Ordinarily, Administration may give guidance and advice to the company in the process of making SSP

1.2.4.3 Security officer (SSO)

For the security of the ship, there will be two kinds of security officers The first

one is called Company Security Officer This officer is designated by the

company/shipping line A shipping line may have more than one security officer as long as it is identified clearly the vessels under the supervision of each officer Similarly, one company officer can be in charge of more than one vessel(IMO, 2005)

The other security officer involved in this process is the Ship Security Officer

This position is designated on each ship The duty of this officer is to implement

and maintain the SSP as well as to co-ordinate with company security officer and the port facility officer(IMO, 2005)

1.2.5 Port facility security

Port facilities security is the protection for human (terminal employees), infrastructure (waterways, cargo way), assets (vessels) The threats to port facility may consist of seizure, exploitation, pilferage, piracy, terrorism and other causes having the same characteristics(Trynix Systems Group, LLC)

1.2.5.1 Port facility security assessment

Port Security Assessment is a critical activity in the security assurance procedure and contributes significantly to the building of Port Security Plan later on Port Security Assessment must be carried out by the Contracting Government that the ports belong to The Government may designated a security organization to directly inspect and check the port security

At least, Port Security Assessment includes the following criteria(IMO, 2005)

- identification and evaluation of important assets and infrastructure that are important to be protected

- identification of possible threats to the assets and infrastructure and the likelihood of their occurrence, in order to establish and prioritise security measures

- identification, selection and prioritization of counter measures and procedural changes and their level of effectiveness in reducing vulnerability

- identification of weaknesses, including human factors in the infrastructure, policies and procedures

1.2.5.2 Port facility security plan (PFSP)

Port facility security plan is based on the port facility security assessment so as to eliminate or minimize the risks identified in the assessment report.The result of port facility assessment may draw out the particular feature and potential threats to the port, which cause a necessity to designate a port facility security officer and to make a port facility security plan (IMO, 2005).This plan varies from port to port due to the distinct features such as infrastructure, interface, or facility of each terminal No matter what content the plans have, all of them are designed for the

same purpose impeding vessels from carrying threats in and out the port area and securing the vessels anchoring in the ports-of-call

The target subjects that are protected under the PFSP are human, cargo, vessels andother cargo transport means, storages sites (if any)

The content of a port facility security plan must include:

- measures designed to prevent weapons or any other dangerous substances and devices intended for use against persons, ships or ports and the carriage

of which is not authorized, from being introduced into the port facility or on board a ship

- measures designed to prevent unauthorized assess to the port facility, to ships moored at the facility, and to restricted areas of the facility

- procedures for responding to security threats or breaches of security, including provisions for maintaining critical operations of the port facility or ship/port interface

- procedures for responding to any security instructions the Contracting Government, in whose territory the port facility is located, may give at security level 3

- procedures for evacuation in case of security threats or breaches of security

1.2.5.3 Port facility security officer

This officer is designated by the Contracting Government He/she is in charge of assuring that the port facility security plan is implemented properly and set the security levels for port and ships anchoring in the port area Ordinarily, the port facility security officer is also responsible of carrying out port facility security assessment

1.2.6 Regulations in Vietnam

Having been a member of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) since May 28th 1984, Viet Nam managed to adopt 15 out of 40 Conventions and Decrees including International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS) (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2007) Notably, in the 24th annual conference of IMO Assembly (January 21 – December 2 2015) held in London, Vietnam requested for support from IMO to organize several training courses nationally and regionally in order to enforce ISPS efficiently, handling dangerous cargo, and participating in Fal 65

Convention To response this request, IMO promised to pay considerable attention

to

To be more specific, Vietnam government has also issue a number of legal documents so as to provide clear direction and guidance for organizations and individual at lower layers in the maritime security system to follow and adopt that code into practice

Table 1.3 List of Vietnam regulations adopting the ISPS code

Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974

Administration

Continue to apply requirements

of International Code for the Security of Ships and Port Facilities and relevant legal

Prime Minister Inform, receive, transfer and

process information of maritime security

25/2004/TT-Regulations of receiving, transferring and processing information of maritime security

CHAPTER 2: EVALUATION OF SHIP AND PORT

FACILITY SECURITY UNDER ISPS CODE IN QUANG

NINH PORT AREA 2.1 Overview of Quang Ninh port area

2.1.1 Port facilities and port access channels

2.1.1.1 Port facilities of Quang Ninh

Located in the North-East of Vietnam, Quang Ninh‟s position is considered as having a strategic role in terms of politics and economics Having all necessary natural and social components, Quang Ninh is recognized as „a little Vietnam‟ This province borders with China with 118.8 kilometre line, nearby Lang Son, Bac Giang, Hai Duong and Hai Phong city The area is approximately 6,000 kilometre square with the sea area having unique geography, 2,000 islands accounting for two-third of the number of countrywide islands

The port network in Quang Ninh has been well known for the deep water with a significantly low level of soil, together with feasible development plan designed by province authority as well as proper infrastructure In addition to that point, berthing

at Quang Ninh port may help to shorten the transportation into Southwest China up

to 800km As a result, developing ports in Quang Ninh may encourage foreign firms to choose Vietnam as the transmitting point to reduce costs In the future, Quang Ninh is expected to be the connecting point in global voyages of maritime transportation

Quang Ninh has a 250 kilometre coastline, starting from Mong Cai to Quang Yen These areas are divided into seven smaller parts, namely: Van Gia, Hai Ha, Mui Chua, Cam Pha, Cua Doi, Hon Gai and Quang Yen For the time being, Quang Ninh has been managed 12 terminals, namely: Mui Chua, Van Gia, Cai Lan, Cam Pha, Port of Cam Pha cement, B12, berth of Ha Long shipbuilding, Hon Gai, Port

of Ha Long cement, Port of Thang Long cement, Cai Lan oil port, and Cai Lan International Container Terminal (CICT) Among those 12 one, four terminals, Van Gia, Mui Chua, Cam Pha and HonGai are being operated with 21 berths The total length of the port reaches 3,451 meters, and there are 14 berths specialized for some specific purposes, for instance, loading/unloading coal and cement, transporting

passengers or shipbuilding The berth of Ha Long Shipbuilding Company has been utilized for the ship building process, and Cai Lan oil port has not been under operation yet For more details, table 2.1 demonstrates a list of ten other terminals currently being operated in Quang Ninh ports area

Table 2.1 List of terminals in Quang Ninh port area

This is deep-water seaport having been invested to become a big port that may serve 30,000 – 40,000 DWT vessels This terminal is designed for both bulk cargo and containerized ones

Pha cement I Specialized

The terminal has the wharf length of 180 meters and width of 20 meters, being able

B12 oil port is currently managing and operating modern facilities and well-constructed infrastructure including Bai Chay oil storage with capacity of 90,000

m3, terminal with 3 berths serving 40,000 DWT, 5,000 DWT and 500 DWT These berths may reach a productivity of 6-million m3 tone per year

8 Van Gia N/A General

This is the commercial gate for goods movement between Vienam and China Van Gia is also the area for transiting shipments

The length of natural access channel is 7 nautical miles, with the depth of 7.5 meters Then, it can handle 10,000 DWT vessels

9 Mui Chua II General

The terminal has a depth of 3.3 meters and can serve 1,000 DWT vessels only The handling capacity of this terminal is 260,000 tonnages per year

10 Hon Gai N/A Passenger

This terminal is located nearby Bai Tu Long bay, with the depth of 10 meters This is a very large area for ship anchoring

Source: (Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh , 2012)

In addition, the inland traffic has been paid much attention to, for example, the improvement of Yen Vien - Pha Lai – Cai Lan railway network, the construction of

highways that enable Cai Lan terminal as well as the others to connect with several business centers, bordering gates, and some industrial zones nearby

The seaports of Quang Ninh are in charge of transiting export and import cargo Through these commercial activities, the maritime relations with other nations, particularly in the East Asia and the Southeast Asia, can be enhanced(Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh, 2015)

2.1.1.2 Port access channels of Quang Ninh

Table 2.2 List of port access channels in Quang Ninh area

Length (km)

Width (m)

Depth (m)

2 Hon Gai

4 Channel operated by VINACOMIN – Cam Pha

Port and Logistics company

Hon Con Ong – Cam Pha coal bridge 8.5 110 -7.4

5 Channel operated by Cam Pha cement joint stock

2.1.2Maritime throughput at Quang Ninh port area from 2010 to 2014

Table 2.3Maritime output at Quang Ninh ports area from 2010 to 2014

Unit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Average

Sea-going

vessels time 10,267 8,809 7,469 7,128 7,059 8,146 Cargo

thousand tonnage 42,757 50,381 49,084 51,102 54,095 49,484 TEU 188,068 228,463 230,071 130,110 94,036 174,150 Passenger time 55,346 57,713 68,103 101,155 121,980 80,859

(Source: Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh)

From the above data, charts illustrating the changes in volume of sea-going vessels, cargo and passengers through Quang Ninh port area from 2010 to 2015 can be sketched as below

As can be clearly seen from the table, the number of vessel visits gradually declined over the five years, from over 10,000 to just 7,059, two-third of the initial figure

However, the volume of cargo in term of tonnage increased significantly by approximately 12 million tons within just a half of the decade

Figure 2.1 Volume of sea-going vessels through Quang Ninh port area from 2010

to 2014

Figure 2.2 Volume of cargo through Quang Ninh port area

from 2010 to 2014

Additionally, there was asubstantial increase in the data of passenger through ports

of Quang Ninh, doubling from 55,000 in 2010 to more than 121,000 in 2014 According to the date of Quang Ninh News, in the January of 2015, there were 472 visits of sea-going vessels with 3.77 million tons of cargo Those figures indicate that the maritime business activities in Quang Ninh remain comparatively stable, even on an upward trend As a consequence, the security system should be taken in

to thorough consideration and need to be strengthened where it is necessary to keep

up with the development of maritime economics

2.2 Ship and port facility security in Quang Ninh port area

According to the designation no 204/QĐ-CVHHVN released on April 07 2004, Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh was founded and designated to manage several maritime issues in Quang Ninh port area, including maritime security

As mentioned in the literature review, under the implementation of ISPS code, martime security in a certain area should be deployed in two directions, namely: ship security and port facility security Currently, maritime security under the management of Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh is also sketched in the two aspects and emphasized much more on port facility security This is demonstrated

in detail section 2.2.2 Current status of ship and port facility security in Quang Ninh port area

Figure 2.3 Volume of passengers through Quang Ninh

port area from 2010 to 2014

2.2.1 Party in charge of ship and port facility security in Quang Ninh port area

2.2.1.1 Overview of Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh

Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh (MA Quang Ninh) is a state agency under

Vietnam Maritime Administration (Vinamarine) in Quang Ninh province

Figure 2.4 Organization chart of Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh

The main function of the Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh

 Management of maritime shipping in seaports and seaports waters

 Plan for development, organize & supervise the implementation of plan

 Plan for implementation of regulations

 Grant permits, supervise seagoing vessels leaving, entering and operating in

the seaports

 Organize search and rescue in seaport waters

 Perform maritime inspection

o PSC inspection

o Maritime accidents investigations

2.2.1.2Maritime Safety & Inspection Division

a Functions of Maritime Safety and Inspection Division

 Regularly check the operation of vessels in the waters areas at seaports of

Quang Ninh undern Vietnam law and International Convention about

Deputy director

Maritime safety

& Inspection Division

Finance &

Accounting Division

Personel &

Administration Division

Port Management Division

maritime safety, maritime security and prevention of environment pollution, which Vietnam has signed contract

 Educate knowledge of maritime safety, maritime security and prevention of environment pollution to organizations and individuals that are involved in maritime management

 Participate in maritime find and rescure activity when the division is required

b Human Resource of Maritime Safety and Inspection Division

Table 2.4 Role of human resource of Maritime Safety and Inspection Division

Chief 1 Generally manage and be responsible for all tasks of the

division to the Director and Vice-Directors

Promptly be in charge of the following tasks:

- Advise, recommend and implement solutions in order

to enhance maritime security and safety in ports at Quang Ninh

- Co-operate with other parties in Search and Rescue as well as surmount environmental damages caused by natural disasters or maritime incidents

- Chair research project, get and sort feedbacks and opinions of issuing and amending internal documents, major documents and legal documents

- Suggest the main content and organize workshop to enrich knowledge and skills related to major of the division

Deputy

Chief

3 Each deputy is in charge of a separate field, namely:

- Inspect and supervise a number of units in implementing Vietnam Law and International Conventions, which Vietnam government has contracted, in term of Maritime Safety Those units include vessels, organizations and individuals operating port access channels, constructing and

operating terminals, providing transportation service and maritime service

- Give advices and recommendations in legal tasks, particularly in building the working process based on Vietnam Standard ISO 9001:2008

- Inspect and supervise a number of units in implementing Vietnam Law and International Conventions, which Vietnam government has contracted, in term of Maritime Security and Pollution Prevention Those units include vessels, organizations and individuals operating port access channels, constructing and operating terminals, providing transportation service and maritime service

Executive 4 Handle individual tasks of the Division under the supervision

of Chief and Deputy Chief(s) such as

- Update information of vessels in and out Quang Ninh port

- Summarize and report monthly, quarterly and annually about vessels and ports inspection

- Inform related parties about mistakes of vessels to repair

- and so on

(Source: Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh)

2.2.2 Current status of maritime security at Quang Ninh ports area

Under ISPS code, ship and port facility security follow the two different working flow and require different organizations to carry out, assess and inspect Adopting this code into practice, Maritime Administration of Quang Ninh also builds up two distinct working procedures for each segment However, the potential threats that ship and port facility are prone to are relatively similar, consisting of

 Terrorism

 Piracy

 Piferage