The challenge of democracy american government in global politics 11th edition janda test bank

democracy ANS: Students’ answers will vary.. procedural democratic theory ANS: Students’ answers will vary.. universal participation ANS: Students’ answers will vary.. political equality

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CHAPTER 2: MAJORITARIAN OR PLURALIST DEMOCRACY

SHORT ANSWER

Please define the following term.

1 autocracy

ANS:

Students’ answers will vary

2 oligarchy

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3 democracy

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4 procedural democratic theory

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5 universal participation

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6 political equality

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7 majority rule

ANS:

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PTS: 1 REF: 37

8 participatory democracy

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9 representative democracy

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10 responsiveness

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11 substantive democratic theory

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12 minority rights

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13 majoritarian model of democracy

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14 interest group

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15 pluralist model of democracy

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16 elite theory

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17 democratization

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MULTIPLE CHOICE

1 When the House Of Representatives voted on President Obama’s stimulus plan, a $787 billion package

of targeted tax cuts and government spending on public works projects to fight the recession, the following occurred:

a no House Republicans voted for the plan

b no House Democrats voted for the plan

c the plan was supported by all House members

d Rush Limbaugh encouraged the House to approve the plan

e all House Democrats voted for the plan

2 The ancient Greeks classified governments as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on

a the fundamental purposes for which the government was instituted

b the extent of government power

c the types of elected officeholders

d the kinds of decisions the government was responsible for

e the number of citizens involved in governing

3 An autocracy is a political system ruled by

a a few

b one individual

c the military

d a majority

e a few powerful, wealthy individuals

4 The best contemporary example of an oligarchy would be a(n)

a multiparty democracy

b personal dictatorship

c military dictatorship

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d hereditary monarchy

e elite interest society

5 Although many countries openly advocate “rule by the people,” much disagreement remains over

a whether such a system could ever exist in the real world

b how “the people” is defined, and how those individuals should rule

c whether “the people” are actually better decision makers than the elite

d whether such systems are outdated and becoming less common

e whether non-participatory citizens are included in the definition

6 The Greek word demos, which is the root of the term democracy, means

a common people

b power

c participation

d foundation or base

e order

7 The Greek word kratos, one of the roots of the word democracy, means

a power

b authority

c common man

d rule

e form

8 A politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices is a(n)

a politico

b delegate

c oligarch

d legacy

e demagogue

9 The names of more than 20 percent of the world's political parties contain some variation of the word

a conservative

b republican

c socialist

d democracy

e freedom

10 In a typical survey, one would expect Americans to support the notion that the United States should promote democracy to other countries as a foreign policy goal

a almost all

b a very large majority of

c a slim majority of

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d about half of

e well less than half of

11 Which president(s) promoted democracy abroad as a major foreign policy objective of his/their administration?

a Woodrow Wilson

b Thomas Jefferson

c George W Bush

d William Howard Taft

e A and C

12 The procedural view of democracy is most concerned with

a the level of popular participation in decision making

b the equality of government decisions

c minority protections

d the impact of government decisions

e how government decisions are made

13 The principle of universal participation may still be met even if some adults (such as recent

immigrants) are excluded from participation if this exclusion is based on

a the principle of political equality

b practical or political reasons in a particular country

c failure to understand the political system

d lack of knowledge of the nation's dominant language

e conflicts of law

14 The idea that all adults within the boundaries of a political community should be allowed to vote is known as

a universal participation

b political equality

c majority rule

d plurality rule

e suffrage

15 A country abiding by the principle “one man, one vote” is practicing

a representative democracy

b political equality

c equal suffrage

d substantive democracy

e a “free and fair” election system

16 Whereas majority rule is defined as decision making by 50 percent plus one person, is defined as decision making by most participants

a rule by the people

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b assention

c political equality

d universal participation

e plurality rule

17 All of the following are principles of procedural democracy except

a government responsiveness to public opinion

b minority rights

c universal participation

d majority rule

e political equality

18 In Athens, were excluded from participation in assemblies

a women

b slaves

c those who were new to the area

d males above the age of 40

e A, B and C

19 New England town meetings are an example of

a substantive democracy

b oligarchies

c representative democracy

d civil democracy

e participatory democracy

20 The following allows a person to acquire information and documents online, and also provides a medium to register opinions and complaints to government officials

a E-government

b the Federal Communications Commission

c the Telecommunications Act

d the Secretary of State

e Fox News

21 Why do most democracies give power to representatives rather than directly to citizens?

a Bringing large numbers of citizens together for discussions and votes is difficult

b Decisions may require specialized knowledge not possessed by the average citizen

c Discussion of political issues takes more time than most people are willing to spend

d All of these

e None of these

22 Which of the following represents a principle of procedural theory?

a Social equality

b Representative democracy

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c Guaranteed civil liberties

d Discrimination protection

e Responsiveness

23 The principle of responsiveness requires that legislators

a follow the general contours of public opinion

b cast their ballots on the basis of what the people think back home

c pay especial attention to groups that are highly organized

d support public opinion in all matters related to electoral politics

e consider the views of their fellow legislators more than the views of constituents

24 After following democratic procedures, a majority votes to impose its beliefs on a minority This action

a violates the standards of procedural democracy

b is consistent with all theories of democracy

c violates all theories of democracy

d violates the standards of substantive democracy

e is unconstitutional

25 For the United States, the core substantive principles of democracy are embedded in

a the Bill of Rights and other amendments to the Constitution

b the traditions and conscience of the people

c colonial charters

d Article I of the Constitution

e legislative resolutions from state legislatures

26 The basic standard of substantive democracy is that government must guarantee

a economic rights

b civil rights and liberties

c social equality

d All of these

e None of these

27 Agreement among substantive theorists breaks down when the discussion moves from civil rights to

a freedom of expression

b social rights

c religious rights

d economic rights

e both B and D

28 Americans, in a recent Gallup survey, responded the following way after being asked whether or not it was the federal government’s responsibility to make sure all Americans have health care coverage:

a 70% believed it was the federal government’s responsibility

b 70% believed it was not the federal government’s responsibility

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c 48% believed it was not the federal government’s responsibility

d 47% believed it was the federal government’s responsibility

e both c and d

29 One weakness of the substantive model of democracy is that

a not everyone participates in decision making

b there is no agreement regarding which policies are democratic

c the government is less responsive to its people

d terrible inequities occur in the wealthiest class

e minority groups are easily defeated

30 One of the weaknesses of the procedural model of democracy is that

a it does not provide clear criteria on which to judge whether a government is democratic

b its reliance on rules may lead to rigidity and inefficiency

c it neglects the standards of classic Greek democracy

d it permits policies that violate standards of substantive democracy

e too much attention is paid to protecting minority rights

31 The American system allows for the will of the majority to be blocked by

a a declaration of martial law

b the Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court

c the lack of institutional mechanisms for gauging public opinion

d no means

e majority rule

32 A popular election is the primary mechanism for democratic government in which model?

a Substantive democracy

b Procedural democracy

c The majoritarian model

d The pluralist model

e The integrated model

33 A referendum is best described as a(n)

a statement of legislative goals

b do-over of a previous election

c ballot without true competition for offices

d election on a policy issue

e decision that resolves a legal issue

34 A citizen's group gathers enough signatures on a petition to force a popular vote on a statewide lottery proposal This proposal would represent a(n)

a recall election

b referendum

c initiative

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d popular law

e citizen's proposal

35 Which of the following statements concerning recall is incorrect?

a Sixteen states allow for recall of officials

b A specified percentage of registered voters must sign a petition

c A majority vote is required for an officer to be removed

d Recalls are not used as often as initiatives or referenda

e None of these

36 Although they are instruments of majoritarian democracy, initiatives are often sponsored by

a government officials

b interest groups

c members of the judiciary

d foreign multi-national corporations

e small numbers of average citizens

37 Voters in California and Maine approved measures that made marriage:

a only legal for heterosexuals

b legal for both heterosexuals and homosexuals

c legal between an adult and a minor

d illegal for anyone under 18

e legal for undocumented residents

38 A alleged weakness of the majoritarian democratic model is its

a reliance on public opinion polls, which tend to fluctuate over time

b reliance on the American public to be knowledgeable and participatory

c insistence that political parties represent the true opinion of the public

d failure to require elected officials to follow voters' wishes

e exclusion of interest groups from issue formation

39 Many observers of American politics contend that the majoritarian model is not a good description of

our system given that a recent survey that found only the following percent of voters said that they follow news about politics “very closely”:

a 10%

b 5%

c 36%

d 18%

e 50%

40 The concept of pluralism rests on the premise that

a modern society consists of many groups that share economic, religious, ethnic, and

cultural interests

b government should be responsive to the will of the majority as expressed through free

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elections

c government is always responsive to organized interest groups

d most people belong to interest groups

e responsibilities for participation and representation are best met by elected representatives

41 Compared with majoritarian thought, the pluralist model of democracy shifts the focus of democratic decision making from to

a organized groups; the mass electorate

b representatives; voters

c procedures; substance

d substance; procedures

e the mass electorate; organized groups

42 The pluralist model assumes

a the existence of interest groups

b a decentralized structure of government

c ready access to public officials

d openness to arguments for or against government policies

e All of these

43 Pluralism is most likely to be found where the government structure is

a hierarchical

b rapidly changing

c centralized

d unorganized and chaotic

e decentralized

44 The division of authority in the U.S Constitution among competing branches and levels of

government has encouraged the development of

a elitism

b majoritarian democracy

c indirect democracy

d pluralism

e divided government institutions

45 According to the text, it is difficult for a country with a market economy to remain in its internal politics

a democratic

b responsive

c decentralized

d undemocratic

e pluralistic

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46 Which theorist argues that a fundamental component of pluralist democracies is multiple centers of power without a sovereign?

a Robert Putnam

b John Locke

c John Stuart Mill

d C.J Chivers

e Robert Dahl

47 A sign that pluralist democracy might not be working well in the United States is the

a declining participation of citizens in civic groups like the PTA

b declining number of interest groups in Washington

c increasing number of voters in national elections

d government's failure to pass more legislation each year

e overinvolvement of elected officials in the protection of rights

48 One reason offered that environmentalism has yet to develop as a mass movement in the Czech Republic is the following:

a Communism continues in the Czech Republic

b the Czechs are more interested in economic prosperity than in preserving the environment

c interest groups do not exist in the Czech Republic

d the Czech Republic government banned environmental groups

e none of the above

49 The idea that the most important government decisions are made by an identifiable and stable minority that shares certain characteristics is called

a substantive democracy

b elite theory

c pluralist theory

d the interest group model

e aristocracy

50 Those who support elite theory claim that the United States is governed by a relatively small class of people whose power is based on

a democratic election

b interest group membership

c control of wealth and corporations

d hereditary titles

e market share domination

51 According to elite theory, the United States is actually a(n)

a oligarchy

b monarchy

c aristocracy

d democracy

e socialist system

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