MÔN NGUYÊN TẮC QUẢN LÝ LƯU VỰC: PRINCIPLES FOR HYDROLOGY: RED RIVER FLOODING AND SALINIZATION

MÔN NGUYÊN TẮC QUẢN LÝ LƯU VỰC: PRINCIPLES FOR HYDROLOGY: RED RIVER FLOODING AND SALINIZATION quản lý lưu vực×RED RIVER BASIN×FLOODING AND SALINIZATION IN RED RIVER×LŨ LỤT VÀ XÂM NHẬP MẶN×SÔNG HỒNG×đồng bằng sông hồng×

FLOODING AND SALNIZATION IN RED RIVER BASIN

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY

STUDENT: NGUYEN HUU DUNG ID: 1353091031

LECTURER: BUI XUAN DUNG

Overview information of study area

Flooding and salinization problems

Solutions

Total catchment area of 169,000 km2

More than half of Basin in Vietnam (87,840 km2), 26.5 % of Vietnamese territory (331,000 km2)

Less than half the Basin in China 48% (81,240 km2) and a small area in Laos 0.7% (1,100 km2)

Moslty considered to include Thai Binh river basin

I INTRODUCTION

1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Gather information about natural conditions and socio-economic of Red river basin areas.

Identify some consequences of flooding and salinization

Propose some solutions in order to adapt and reduce negative consequences of flooding and salinization

I INTRODUCTION

2 OBJECTIVES

Maximum elevation of Red river basin is about 3200m

Strongly steep and slope, gradually lower from northwest to

southeast

Most of the land area exceeds 25 degrees in slope which is about

the upper limit for sedentary crop cultivation

II OVERVIEW INFORMATION OF STUDY AREA

Topographic map

Sources: Prem N Sharma et al 2010

II OVERVIEW INFORMATION OF STUDY AREA

2 Climate

- Climate is monsoon tropical

- Annual average rainfall for the basin is in the range from

1500mm to 2800mm

- November to March is the dry season, receiving only 10 per

cent of annual rainfall

- Acverage monthly temperature is most uniform across the

basin

- May and June are the warmest months Tropical cyclones are

frequent (an average of 15 every decade)

Sources: Prem N Sharma et al 2010

II OVERVIEW INFORMATION OF STUDY AREA

3. Soil types

Soils of the mountainous areas can be grouped as follows:

•. Ferralic grey soils

•. Rocky land, severely eroded mountainous/hilly land

•. Other upland soils

Soils of the midlands can be grouped as follows:

•. Ferralic grey soils (especially Phu Tho province)

•. Grey soils with ferralitic material

•. Normal alluvial soils

Soils characteristic of the delta can be grouped as follows:

•. Normal alluvial

•. Peaty soils (Swampy)

•. Acid sulphate soils

•. Sandy soils

Soil types map

II OVERVIEW INFORMATION OF STUDY AREA

- In projected 2020 predict that demand of

agriculture gradually decreased over time

II OVERVIEW INFORMATION OF STUDY AREA

5 Population, economic and recreation

- The 1996 population of the Red River Basin was 23.8 million almost distributed in southwest of Red river basin

- More than 19.4 million (82 per cent) lived in rural administrative units

- A total of 220 of these poorest communes are located in the Mountain and Midland

Sources: redriveproram.com

III FLOODING AND SALINIZATION PROBLEMS

Sources: kenh14.vn, 2017 Sources: Vnexpress.com, 2017

III FLOODING AND SALINIZATION PROBLEMS

- Caused by topography conditions lower from

northeast to southwest It leads to be more

flooding in big city at downstream

- Base on precipitation level which is highest in

summer and autumn ( June- September) and

also with extreme weather condition likes

typhoons, heavy rain in long time It leads to be

flooded

- In addition, caused of some internal reason such

as bad quality of dams, power plans in

discharge flood

III FLOODING AND SALINIZATION PROBLEMS

2 Salinization

• Agriculture and fisheries in Hai Phong, Thai Binh, Nam

Dinh and Ninh Binh excessing salinity levels have

reduced the crop yield

• Limit salt intrusion with the largest peak salt tide in the

river: Tra Ly, Song Hong, Ninh Co and Day rivers

• Depth salinization happenings according salinization

max at 1 ‰;

III FLOODING AND SALINIZATION PROBLEMS

- Caused of characteristics of topography

lower on southeast nearby coasts

- Quality of dams was bad, it leads to be

broken on storm or enroached when

drought happens forced by waves and

reducing water level in rivers, channels,

etc nearby coastal areas

IV Solutions

1 Upstream areas:

• Manage mainstream reservoirs in Red River (Hoa Binh, Thac Ba and Tuyen Quang) and the forthcoming Son La hydropower reservoirs and final ladder on the Da River to maintain water level on the Red river in Hanoi in dry season from 2 m

• Construct works to source and upgrade the existed works: Ben Mam in Son Tay- Hanoi, Cam Dinh - Hiep Thuan, Cong Lien Mac in Hanoi and Tac Giang in Ha Nam

• Dredge of the canal on the irrigation system to make clear to the rivers, canals so water can flow throughout the year

• Research and build a new reservoir on the Boi river, propose solutions on the Red River dams in Hanoi

IV Solutions

2.Downstream coastal areas

- Research plan on river dams in Nam Dinh Dao,

salinity dam building

- Dredge the water supply and drainage canals in

irrigation systems

- Combines agriculture with

irrigation to cope with

drought and salinization in

RRB and apply in areas

classified by levels of drought

- Planting for waves defense and

reduce salinization

Red river basin is one of largest basin in VN

with 23.8 million people distributed on 169,000

km2

Flooding and salinization damage to crop, human life: more than 500 person death, lost/yr and Thousands milllion VND

Improve dam systems and planting wave

defense

Reduce negative consequences of flooding

and salinization

V Conclusion

• Prem N Sharma Soil and Water Protection and Watershed Management Foresty Sector Review Tropical Forestry

Action Plan, Vietnam Ministry of Forestry, Socialist Republic of Veitnam

• Vu Tu Lap Vietnam Geographical Data Foreign Language Publishing House, Hanoi, 2013

• Joint Report of the Government of Vietnam-DonorNGO Poverty Working Group, Consultative Group Meeting for Vietnam, 14-15 December 2010

• http:// redriveproram.com

• kenh14.vn, 2017