DSpace at VNU: Tiêu dùng và phát triển bền vững ở Việt Nam

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TIEU DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN BEN VtTNG 6 VIET NAM

Dang Thi Thu Hd

Erie Remy

1, Ticu diing nang lugng ben virng

Tieu dung ben v&ng la mot khai niem phire lap, dugc hieu va giai thieh theo

nhilu each khac nhau, tuy Ihugc vao quan diem, kien thtJe, kinh nghiem, van hda,

ITnh vire quan lam cua cac nha khoa hge khac nhau Dudi day la mot vai dinh nghTa

thudng gap

Co le djnh nghia dugc Irich dan nhieu nhal la dinh nghTa dugc dua ra tai Oslo

1994 TIgi nghj vl san xuk va lieu thy bin vung: "Viee sii dyng cac djch vy va lien

quan din nhUng san pham dap ung nhu eau ea ban va mang lai mot chat lugng eude

sdng Idl bom Irong khi giam Ihieu viee su dung cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien va

vat lieu doe hai eiing nhu lugng khi thai va cac chat gay d nhilm Irong vdng ddi eiia

.> f \ f djch Yu hay san pham, nhir vay la khdng gay nguy hiem cho nhu can cua cae the he

luang lai,,' Djnh nghTa nay xae dinh mdi quan he nhan qua giira viee tieu dung, su

dyng lai nguyen thien nhien, va sy xudng cap eiia mdi trudng Tai hoi nghi, Tien sT

Emil Salim dinh nghTa: "lieu dung ben vung ngy y rang viee lieu dimg cua cac thI

he hien lai eiing nhu cac thI he tuomg lai dugc cai thien ve chat lugng Nhu mot

khai niem lieu dimg ddi hoi sy Idi uu boa eiia ddi lugng tieu diing dk duy tri djch

vii, chat lugng ngudn lai nguyen va mdi trudng theo thdi gian,, No cho thay cae

lac dgng lieu cue, suy Ihoai mdi trudng len sue khde eon ngudi va he sinh thai

Theo Nick Robins va Sarah Roberts (1997): "Trgng lam eiia san xuk ben

vung la vl phia eung, tap trung vao viee cai thien boat dgng mdi trudng Irong cac

* NCS., Trung tarn nghien cuu NIMEC, ED 242, Dai hoc Rouen, Phap

" OS., Vien Quan trj Kinh doanh, Dai hoc Rouen, Phap

1 Sustainable Consumption Oslo, Norway; 19-20 January 1994

(Source: http://www.iisd.ca/consume/oslo004.html)

2 Dr Emil Salim, The challenge of sustainable consumption as seen from the South In

Symposium: Sustainable Consumption Oslo, Norway; 19-20 January 1994

VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HQI THAO QUOC TE LAN THIJ TU

ITnh vyc kinh t l trgng dilm, ehang ban nhu ndng nghiep, nang lugng, du Ijeh, ccng nghiep va giao thdng van tai Tieu dung bin viJng nham din phia eau, xem xet lam the nao cac hang hda va djch vy can thiel de dap ung nhu c^u ea ban va nang cao chat lugng eude sdng - ehang ban nhu Ihye pham va sue khde, ehd d, quan ao, giai tri va di chuyen - ed the dugc phan phdi theo nhiJng each lam giam ganh nang cho Trai dat'

Tieu dung ben viJng dugc coi la mgl qua trinh lien quan din dam phan va xay dung su ddng thuan Tac gia Hansen va Schrader^, nam 1997 ehi ra rang su danh gia tieu ehuan eila phat trien ben virng va lieu diing ben viJng tuomg ung "phai duge

bd sung tinh hgp phap bang mot van ban xa hgi„ va Ihye hanh Mgl mat, mgi quylt dinh mua sam la mot eude bd phieu cho hay ehdng lai mgl sd dilu kien san xual (vdi nhimg anh hudng mdi trudng eiing nhu cac dilu kien xa hoi), mat khac, '"sir tin tai eiia mot ngudn eung cap phii hop,, la quyet dinh ehuyin ddi sang lieu diing bin vUng horn "Viee tao ra mgl nhan thue rang mgl doanh nghiep khdng bill gi nhu tliai

do binh thudng khdng ehi khdng hanh dgng khuyin khich ma eon tao thanh mgl

hanh dgng vd dao due boat dgng vi thI la mot dilu kien lien quylt can thill cho mgl

sy thay ddi theo hudng lieu diing ben viJng.,,

Eberle , 2004 xem lieu dung ben viJng nhu la mot each mua, su dung hang hda

va dich vy sinh thai ban; ehung cho xa hoi Hanh vi tieu dung ca nhan va xii hgi duge bieu hien qua nhimg ihdi quen hang ngay Chiing bi anh hudng bdi mot loat cac yeu to ngti canh nhu Idi song ricng, mdi trudng xa hgi (khu phd, nhdm ), he thdng ea sd ha tang va thdi quen Can etJ vao do, lieu dung bin vdng, bao gdm mot loat cac ITnh vyc khac nhau eiia hanh dgng va nhu eSu thay ddi (Shove vii Warde, 1998; Empaeher el al, 2003; Xd 2003)\

1 Changing Consumption and Production Patterns: Unlocking Trade Opportunities International Institute for Environment and Development and UN Department of Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, ! 997

2 Hansen, U and U Schrader (1997), A modem model of consumption for a sustainable

society Journal of Consumer Policy 20, 443-468

3 Eberle, U., B Brohmann and K Graulich (2004), Su.stainable consumption needs visions,

Position Paper, Institute of Applied Ecology, Oko-lnstitut, Freiburg/Darmstadt

4 Shove, E and A Warde (1998), Inconspicuous consumption: the sociology of consumption, lifestyles and the environment, in Gijswijt, A., F.H Battel, P Dickens and R.E Dunlap (Eds.),

Sociological theory and the environment - Classical foundations, contemporary insights,

Lanham, 230-251 Shove, E (2003), Converging conventions of comfort, cleanliness and

convenience, Journal of Consumer Policy 26, 395-418 Empaeher, C, D Hayn, S Schubert and I Schubert and I Schultz (2003), Analyse der Folgen des Geschlechterrollewandels fur

Umweltbewusstsein und Umwellverhalten, Frankfurt am Main

Tieu DUNG VA PHAT TRIE'N B£N V Q N G d VIET NAM

Tieu diing ben viJng phai duge hieu nhu la mgl ITnh vyc xa hgi cua hanh dgng, dugc dac trung bdi ba pham vi tuomg lac cua hanh dgng: pham vi ea nhan (chia Ihcinh hai lilu pham vi), pham vi phia eung va eau tnie, pham vi chinh tri xa hgi Ba pham vi nay lac dgng qua lai Ian nhau: hanh vi ngudi lieu diing dya tren cac quyet djnh, hanh vi cua ea nhan, tuy nhien, phan Idn phy thude vao cae lieu chuan de danh gia phia eung, mgl ea sd ha tang thieh hgp (vi du nhu sy san ed eiia thiet hi su dyng nang lugng hieu qua Irong gia dinh) va cae yeu to chinh tri - xa hgi (vi dy: ton tai he thdng mua ban phat thai hoae nhan sinh thai)

2 Toan canh nang luomg Viet Nam

Sy phai trien cua thj trudng nang lugng ben viimg la mot trong nhtJng ehii de quan trgng nhal khdng ehi tai mot qude gia ma edn loan the gidi Nang lugng duge xem nhu mgl chat xiic lac cho nen kinh le, ddng vai Ird quan trgng trong phat trien kinh le, tang trudng edng nghiep va xual khau Nang lugng khdng ehi su dyng cho qua trinh san xual edng nghiep va tieu diing gia dinh, nd eiing la mot ngudn gde eiia nhieu van de mdi trudng nghiem trgng Viet Nam ed ngudn tai nguyen nang lugng

da dang nhu khi ty nhien, dau md, than da, Ihiiy dien, sinh khdi, gid va nang lugng mat irdi , tuy nhien khdng ddi dao Myc lieu phat trien eiia nganh nang lugng dap ung nhu eau phat trien kinh te - xa hgi eiing nhu bao dam an ninh nang lugng qudc gia Suu Ddi mdi nganh nang lugng Viet Nam da ed nhumg bude tang trudng dang

kl, dap img nhtJTig nhu eau co ban cua phat triln kinh tl - xa hoi trong su6t hai thap

ky qua Tuy nhien, quy md va hieu qua eiia nganh nang lugng van edn thap Viet Nam khdng duge bao dam an ninh nang lugng qudc gia (cat dien thudng xuyen trong thdi gian cao diem, dy triJ dau qudc gia khdng du de binh on gia khi ed eude khiing hoang gia ddu Iren thi trudng qudc le ) Viet Nam se phai ddi mat vdi nguy

ea thilu hut nang lugng trong giai doan tir 2015-2020 Van de nang lugng khdng ehi con la van de eiia mot qudc gia ma edn la van de dat ra vdi ea the gidi va dang

bi anh hudng bdi nhiJng thay ddi Nam 2010, Viet Nam san xual 83,437 ty kWh dien, 44.670.700 tan than, 14.933.100 tdn dau thd va 9,3519 ty m^ khi, xuat khau than Vi$t Nam dat 19,231 trieu tdn trong nam 2010 (Bd Cong thuomg, 2010) Viet Nan Cling da ed mot chinh sach phat triln nang lugng qude gia nam 2005 Nganh edng nghiep van lai va hd gia dinh tieu thy nang lugng nhieu nhat tai Viet Nam Nganh edng nghiep lieu thy 1,5 trieu toe (tan dau quy ddi) nam 1990 va 6,17 trieu toe nam 2003, tang trung binh 11,4% mdi nam Nganh giao thdng van tai lieu thy 1,6^^ trieu toe nang lugng nam 1990 va 5.630.000 toe nam 2003, tde do tang trudng trung binh 10% mdi nam, diJ lieu cho khu vyc ho gia dinh la 0,46 trieu PET nam

VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HQI THAO QUOC TE LAN THIJ TU

1990 va 2,3 trieu toe nam 2003, tang trung binh 13,2% mdi nam Thuong mai va djch vy tucmg ung la 0,35; 1,3 va 10,6, nganh ndng nghiep la 0,26, 0,8 va 9,0%

Tieu thy nang lugng binh quan dau ngudi tang tir 63 KGP {dku luang duong) nam

1990 len 315 KGP nam 2004, tieu thy dien binh quan dhu ngudi tang lir 73 kWh

nam 1986 din 799 kWh nam 2008 (Bd Cong thuomg) Tieu thy nang lugng binh quan dau ngudi eiia Viet Nam bang 1/3 mure trung binh tren thI gidi Tieu thu nang lugng ehii ylu la dSu, than va dien, ty le phan tram long lieu thy nang lugng la 25,3% than, 54,8% dau va 19,9% dien (Bd Cong thuang) Theo cac chuyen gia, ude

tinh lilm nang dhu khi la khoang 4 ty TOE, 6 ty tan than va khoang 20.000 MW

thiiy dien Gas va dau thd duge khai Ihae lai cac khu vyc ngoai khai phia nam, than

da dugc khai thac tai khu vyc phia Bae Tir nam 1990, Viet Nam bat dhu xuk khku

nang lugng, ehii yeu la than da va dau thd

Trong dai ban va ea ngan ban xu hudng lieu thy nang lugng ed lien quan din bao ve mdi trudng va phat triln kinh tl Nganh nang lugng se tilp tue ddng mgl vai trd quan trgng, eung cap khoang 1/4 thu nhap nude ngoai cho qude gia (long cue Thdng ke, 2008)

Figure 1: Energy consumption per capita in Vietnam' from 1972 to 2008

IMS ta* -mi WM tWt »W 2«1 JftM KB* Tfi*

Theo sd lieu tir Vien Nang lugng (Bd Cong thuang), nlu khdng c6 nhirng budc lien dang ke dang ke thi sau nam 2010, ngudn nang lugng ciia Vi^t Nam se khdng dii de dap timg nhu eau nang lugng Trong qua trinh phat trien cua Viet Nam, nganh nang lugng la ed kha nang phai ddi mat vdi mot sd thach thue, bao gdm ea viee dam bao an ninh eung c^p nang lugng va bao ve mdi trudng tii cae thiet hai gay ra bdi cae boat dong nang lugng trong khi giai quylt cac vin dl xa hgi va chinh tri

1 Source: EVN

TIEU DUNG VA P H A T TRIEN BEN VCTNG 6 VIET NAM

Figure 2: Estimated energy consumption Vietnam' from 2005 to 2020

Estimated energy consumption in Vietnam

(exclude nuclear power) biion BTU - blllbn British

10,000,000 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000

8,834,784

2,729,611 1^25,420 ^

'

—

200S 2010 2015 2020

E X ! Coal ^ B Hydro C Z l Petroleum E133 Gas - * - T o t a l consumption

Table 1: Annual growth rate energy consumption in Vietnam

Period

Annual growth rate

2005 - 2010 9%

2010-2015 17%

2015 - 2020 14%

Nhu ed the thay trong binh 2, vdi nhu eau nang lugng tang nhanh va ngudn eung edp lai ed ban, Viet Nam dy kiln se trd thanh mot nude nhap khau nang lugng Irong Ihcip ky nay Hieu qua sii dyng nang lugng thap (d hai ben eung va eau) la mgl van dl nang lugng Idn ma Viet Nam phai ddi mat Hien tai Viet Nam la mot trong nhirng nude ed mire phat thai carbon binh quan dau ngudi thap nhat, nhung van de nay da trd nen quan trgng, la bang ehung khoa hge, thill lap vai trd eiia lugng khi thai COT trong sy ndng len loan eau Mdi trudng se can phai duge xet den khi thue hien kl hoach phat triln kinh tl va nang lugng Cac lya ehgn ea nhan phan anh gia tri, mdi trudng va Idi sdng se anh hudng va duge phan anh trong cae md binh tieu thu nang lugng Ngoai ra, cac ylu t6 khac, ching ban nhu tang trudng GDP va dan

sd, dien khi hda ndng thdn va do thi hda eiing se anh hudng den cae md binh tieu thu nang lugng Kha nang tilp can va kha nang ehi tra nang lugng, dac biet la ddi vdi nhirng ngudi thu nhap thap d cac viing sau, vung xa la nhiing yeu to quan trgng trong viee xay dyng chinh sach nang lugng, dac biet la khi xem trong dieu kien

(lEA, 2008b) and (JICA, 2008)

VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THtJ^ TU

^ r , f

cong bang Do do, tat ea nh&ng yeu to nay se ddng mgl vai trd quan trgng trong viec xae dinh tuomg lai nang lugng cho Viet Nam

3 Tong quan vl cac yeu to quyet dinh lugng tieu thu dien ben virng d Viet Nam

3.1 Tieu diing dien nang d Viet Nam

O Viet Nam, ehiing la bat gap nhiJng eau chuyen vl Dien d khip mgi nai, tren

mat bao, Irong cae eau chuyen hang ngay, lu ndng Ihdn din thanh thi Ngudi lieu diing nhae Idi Dien va tren mgl sd Id bao da ndi vl Dien nhu mgl "euge khung hoang dien" (tat nhien la mang y nghTa la tinh Irang Ihilu dien eang ngay eang trim trgng) Nam 2004, dien san xuat dat tren 46 ly kWh, cao ban 3,7 lan so vdi nam

1994 va tang 72,6% so vdi nam 2000, va trung binh giai doan 1995 - 2004 mgl nam tang 13,9%, thdi gian 2001 din 2004 cao ban, tang 14,6% Do la ly le tang Irirdng cao nhal so vdi cac nude khac va cac viing lanh thd tren loan thi gidi Mue lieu thy dien binh quan dau ngudi nam 2004 dat 561,4 kWh, cao horn 3,2 lan so vdi nam

1994 va tang 63,3% so vdi nam 2000, do eung la Ide do tang trudng cao tren thi

gidi Nam 2004, mue do phat dien binh quan dky ngudi eiia Viet Nam dugc xip

hang thu 131 so vdi cac qude gia va viing lanh thi ed dd lieu so sanh tren the gidi Trong khi binh quan dau ngudi lieu diing dien d Viet Nam da dat 561,4 kWh, eo

111 qudc gia va vung lanh thd da dat den han 1000 kWh, bao gdm 44 qude gia tren

5000 KWh va 12 qude gia han 10000 kWh (Na Uy ban 27000, Iceland gSn 23000, Canada 17500, Thyy Diln gan 17000., Kuwait g k 17000, Liic-xam-bua gSn 16000, Phan Lan 15000, Hoa Ky ban 14000, Qatar 14000, cac lilu vuang qude A Rap horn

13000, Uc gan 11000, Ba Lan gan 11.000) Dien san xuat binh quan dSu ngudi tai

Viet Nam trong nam 2010 la 1000 kWh/narn, vSn edn rk thap so vdi mure trung

binh eiia thi gidi (khoang 3000) va trong khu vye (Thai Lan 2000, Trung Qude

2200, Xin-ga-po 9000 ) Vdi mgl mue do lieu thu dien tren mue trung binh thdp

va 50% san xuat dien phu thugc vao Ihiiy dien, vi vay tinh Irang thieu dien la khdng the Iranh khdi Van de la nhu eau ve dien ngay eang tang vao gid cao dilm, dac biet

la vao nhiJng ngay ndng vdi nhiet do cao ngay lu dau miia, trong khi dien khdng gidng nhu cac loai san pham thdng thudng khac vi dien khdng phai dy triJ duge

(ngoai trir ta dung sac pin nhung rat thap) De giam sy mk can ddi eung eSu chiing

la phai tang ngudn eung cap va ddng thdi lam giam nhu ckx lieu diing (Irudc lien

bat dau tir viec tiet kiem dien)

Tieu DUNG VA PHAT T R I ^ N B £ N V O N G 0 VIET NAM

Figure 3: Electricity consumption per capita in Vietnam' from 1972 to 2008

1^16 mt iwo isa2 )»94 IMS i » n isw iw? is»i iws ! * « iooo iwa » w a » t M M

San xuat dien eiia Viet Nam tang trudng vdi tde dg cao Nam 2010 so vdi nam

1995, di?n san xuat cao ban 6,2 lan, binh quan mgl nam tang khoang 13% - mot tde

do tang trudng kha cao so vdi tde do tang trudng dan sd (1,21 Ian, 26% / nam), so vdi miie tang trudng GDP (horn 2,8 lan, 7,16% / nam), Kit qua la, miic tieu thy dign binh quan dau ngudi da tang lien tyc trong nhumg nam qua Nam 2010 so vdi nam 1995, dien san xudt binh quan dau ngudi cao bom gap 5,7 lin, trung binh mot

nam tang khoang 11,6% - mgt tde dg tang trudng cao Ty Ig hd gia dinh su dyng

dien tang kha nhanh va d mtirc cao Tuy nhien, dign la mot trong nhiJng nganh edng nghiep can dugc quan tarn d$e bi?t, bdi ed nam vin dl sau:

Thir nhdt, mac du tde do tang trudng tdng san lugng dien va san lugng dien

nang binh quan dau ngudi cao, nhung dilm khdi dau lai rat thap, vi vay, san lugng

dien binh quan dhu ngudi van edn thap Thu hai, tde do tang trudng tdng san lugng dien thap ban so vdi tde do tang trudng gia tri san xuk edng nghi?p (eiia nganh

edng nghiep la 7,6 Idn, tuomg duong 14,4% / nam, trong khi do dien san xuat la 6,2

lan, luang duong 13% / nam) Nhu c^u tieu thy dien la rk cao vi ty le ho su dyng

dien ting cao, thill hi dien eiing ngay eang nhilu Nhu ciu nay tang nhanh bom toe

do tang trudng cua san xuit dien, do dd san xudt \hn khdng dap ung dii nhu eau

Ban chat eiia dien khdng phai la san p]iam ed thi dy trir dugc, do dd, nhu eau va san xuat la lit khac nhau (gid cao dilm / gid dilm thap), vay nen xay ra viec cat dien

dot nggt va cil dien ludn ludn luan phien Thu ba, thi trudng dien canh Iranh da

dugc dat ra va phat triln day hira hen mac dii mdi ehi la giai doan bat dau khau truyin tai dang d giai doan hoan thien, dac biet khau phan phdi dien can thiet phai

ed mot thai gian nhk dinh va mot nghien cuu day dii ban Thir tu, thiiy dien, nhiet

dien, nang lugng gid, nang lugng mat Irdi da duge phat trien d Viet Nam, nhung

sy kit hgp vdi viee bao ve mdi trudng khdng phai la dl dang, edn nhieu khd khan thach thue ddi vdi ndng nghiep khi ban ban hoae lu lyt Nhiet dien phat triln tuomg ddi nhanh, nhung ngudn than va khi lai ed gidi han Nang lugng gid, nang lugng mat Irdi con can duge nghien cuu can than, nhieu bom ve von dau tu va gia mua

Source: EVN

159

VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU

Thu nam, vi?c su dyng dien eung ed nhilu van dh Cae ehi tieu phan anh hieu qua

sii- dyng dien GDP/kWh d Viet Nam giam, dd la bao nhieu ddng GDP dugc tao ra bdi mot Kwh dien (gia so sanh) Theo Co quan Hgp tac qude t l Nhat Ban (JICA), Viet Nam dimg thu 3 d chau A vl su dyng nang lugng khdng hieu qua (}iai doan

1990-1998, Viet Nam lieu thy 1,5 dan vi dien dk tao ra mot dan vi GDP Tir nam

1998 din nay, dl tao ra mgl dan vi GDP, mue lieu thy nang lugng da dirge 'phat trien" len mue 1,83 dan vi

Figure 4: Power generation development plan' (by types of generation)

9OOO0

-80000 1

70000 I

60000 \

5 50000 i

Ijiiporred

•Nudc.nf I'ower Renewable

C'o;iJ

Hydro A Piimji Slonige

PUUL\

Figure 5: Percentile of power generation^ (by types of generation)

100%

So dh phat triln dien giai doan 2006-2015 cho thay rang sy tang trudng nhu chu phy tai nam 2006-2010 giam xudng ehi edn tang khoang 17,1%/nam, dien san

xuat tang 16,9%/nam Giai doan 2010-2015, tde dg tang tai khoang 11%,/nam va 9%/nam trong giai doan din nam 2020 Theo do, ude tinh san xuat dien va ihap

k h k nam 2015 khoang 194-210 ty kWh, nam 2020 khoang 330-362 ty iWh; khoang 695-834 ty kWh vao nam 2030 Thilu hyt ude tinh nam 2015 nhien liei cho

1 (lEA, 2008b) and (JICA, 2008)

2 (lEA, 2008b) and (JICA, 2008)

TIEU DUNG VA P H A T TRIE'N B & N VCTNG & VIET NAM

san xual dien khoang 9 ly kWh (phuomg an cao), nam 2020 thieu nhien lieu cho san xual dien khoang 35-64 ty kWh lan lugl trong phuomg an ca sd va phuomg an cao Den nam 2030, tinh Irang thieu nhien lieu cho san xuat dien se len Idi 59-192 ly kWh

Su nghiep edng nghiep va cai thien ddi sdng lam tang trudng nhu eau dien hang nam

la rat cao trong khi viee dau tu vao ngudn dien mdi khdng dap ung duge, dan den thudng xuyen thieu dien De Ihye hien quy hoach dien VII theo dy kien, tdng mue dau tu ccin vao nam 2020 khoang 929,7 nghin ly ddng (tuomg duong 48,8 ty USD) Giai doan 2011-2030, eln d k tu khoang 2.359 nghin ty ddng (khoang 123,8 ly USD) Mgl sd liln rat Idn la can thiet cho phat trien co sd ha tang nang lugng eiia Vict Nam bao gdm ea md rgng he thdng va cai thien hieu qua Rd rang, viee buy dgng du kinh phi dl phat trien ITnh vyc nang lugng du kien se van la mgl thach thue Idn ddi vdi mgl nude edn ngheo dang phat trien nhu Viet Nam, nai ma lien la can thill cho nhieu ehuomg trinh quan trgng khac, ehang ban nhu xda ddi giam ngheo, giao diic va djch vy y te cham sde sue khde ban dau d viing sau vung xa

Day edng la van de ehua duge giai quyet eiia Viet Nam khi da su dyng tat ca cae nang lugng so cap, trong khi nang lugng tai tao, nang lugng thay the ehua duge

su dung nhieu, trong 10 nam Idi dy bao nhu eau dien tang tir 15 den 20% mot nam

Vi vay khong ehi theo hudng san xuat, chiing ta phai ehii y den viec su dyng nang lugng hieu qua Trude nhiJng thach thue eiia sy suy giam nang lugng, van de kinh

tl nang lugng la cap bach va chien luge qude gia bao dam an ninh nang lugng, phat triln bin virng Vi vay Dang va Nha nude Viet Nam ed nhieu hudng dan cho edng viee quan trgng nay Chinh pbii Viet Nam xem viee su dyng hieu qua va tiet kiem nang ludiig (EE & C) nhu la Chien luge an ninh nang lugng quoc gia, nang cao hieu qma ciia cac boat ddng kinh le va bao ve mdi trudng Nam 2006, Thu tudng Chinh phii da phe duyet Chuomg trinh Qude gia vl su dyng nang lugng hieu qua giai doan 2006-2015 (Quylt dinh sd 79/2006/QD-TTg, thang 4 nam 2006) Chuang trinh ruay tap trung vao viec gidi thieu cae boat ddng (duge hd trg bang cae bien phap bat huge) thiie day su dyng tilt kiem va hieu qua nang lugng tren loan xa hgi Mue lieu chinh la dl tilt kiem 3 din 5% tdng mire tieu thy nang lugng qude gia trong giai doan 2006-2010, va 5 din 8% trong giai doan 2011-2015 so vdi du bao hien tai vl phat triln nang lugng va phat triln kinh te - xa hgi theo ke hoach binh thudng Chuang trinh bao gdm 11 de an, ddng bd trong sau nhdm ndi dung sau: (i) tang eudng quan ly nha nude ve su dyng nang lugng tiet kiem va hieu qua Id chue

he thing quan ly vl lilt kiem nang lugng gdm 01 de an (ii) tang eudng giao dye, tuyen iruyen phd bien thdng tin, van dgng edng ddng, nang cao nhan thue, thiie day

su dung nang lugng tiet kiem va hieu qua, bao ve mdi trudng gdm 03 De an, (iii) phat triln, phd biln cae trang thill hi hieu suat cao, tiet kiem nang lugng, timg bude

loai bo cae trang thill bj hieu suk thap gdm 02 D I an, lien hanh mgl chien dieh thi

dilm vl "Xay dyng mot md binh kinh te su dyng nang lugng trong mdi hd gia dinh", (iv) su dung nang lugng tiet kiem va hieu qua trong cac doanh nghiep edng

VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TlT

nghiep, xay dyng md binh quan ly su dung lilt kiem va hieu qua nang lugng cho cae doanh nghiep, gdm 02 Dl an; (v) sir dung nang lugng lilt kiem va hieu qua trong cae Ida nha, xay dung nang lye va triln khai cac boat dgng nhlm nang cao su dyng tiet kiem va hieu qua nang lugng trong xay dyng, Ihilt kl va quan ly ciia cac Ida nha va nang lugng su dyng, gdm 02 D I an (vi) tilt kiem va hieu qua trong boat dgng van tai, gdm 01 De an

Hoan thanh giai doan I (2006-2010), mue lieu qude gia vl su dung till kiem

va hieu qua nang lugng dat dugc kit qua la till kiem dugc 4901 kloe, luang duomg

vdi 3,4% long tieu thy nang lugng ea nude Ddng Ihdi Lual sii dung nang lugmg hieu qua va tiet kiem duge edng bd va din vdi eugc sdng Tren Ihl gidi, eac boat

dgng tiet kiem nang lugng da duge qua lam tir rk sdm H^u hit lual till kiem nang

lugng eiia nhieu nude lap trung 4 nhdm bao gdm: Tilt kiem nang lugng Irong eong nghiep, xay dyng, giao thdng van tai va dac biet la eac thill bj tilt kiem nang lugng, day la khu vye lieu thy horn 70% nang lugng Cl Viet Nam, mtre do hilu bill cua ngudi dan edn ban che va edng nghe thi lac hau, them vao do nude la dang Irong qua trinh xay dyng Lual, vay nen can ehii trgng din viec tilt kiem nang lugng trong

hd gia dinh, tai nai lam viee, va ea edng ddng

3.2 Tieu diing di^n ndng trong hg gia ^inh & Vi^t Nam - hu&ng tdi vi^c tieu diing di^n ndng ben vdng

Tde dg tang trudng trung binh san xuat di$n la 14,3%)/nam giai doan

2000-2010 Ca eau dien thuang pham da dugc thay ddi Irong thap ky ghn day Co cin di?n thuang phkm theo ITnh vyc ciia nin kinh tl 2000 - 2010 dugc thi hien Irong

hinh 6:

Figure 6: Coniniercial electricity by sector of economy' from 1995 to 2010

COKMtRCim ElKTWC BY 3£CTOR0fECO«O«yFSOM2(!0l!TO2010

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20tO

1 Source: EVN