Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology 9th edition martini test bank

22 When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges, 22 ______ A an ionic bond is formed.. 23 Magnesium atoms have two

MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question

A) has the same number of electrons

B) has the same mass

C) has the same weight

D) has the same number of atoms

E) All of the answers are correct

A) neutrons in the nucleus

B) electrons in energy shells

C) electrons in the nucleus

D) protons in the nucleus

B) sulfur, chlorine, oxygen

C) cobalt, calcium, sodium

D) silicon, fluorine, tin

E) boron, oxygen, carbon

D) chemical bonds the atom may form

E) protons and neutrons in an atom

13) Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2 It is chemically stable because it 13) A) is neutral in electrical charge

B) will form a covalent bond with another He atom

C) readily ionizes to react with other atoms

D) lacks electrons, thus the He atom is stable

E) has a full outer electron shell

A) argon B) hydrogen C) carbon D) helium E) neon

18) If an element is composed of atoms with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, then a

neutral atom of this element contains

18)

A) 6 protons

B) 8 electrons

C) 8 neutrons

D) 6 protons and 8 electrons

E) 6 protons and 8 neurons

22) When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of

the opposite charges,

22)

A) an ionic bond is formed

B) a molecule is formed

C) an ion is formed

D) a hydrogen bond is formed

E) a covalent bond is formed

23) Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell As a result, you would expect

magnesium to form ions with a charge of

23) A) +1

B) Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively

charged atoms

C) Hydrogen bonds can form between neighboring molecules

D) Hydrogen bonds can occur within a single molecule

E) Hydrogen bonds are important for holding large molecules together

A) organic B) oxide C) oxate D) a salt E) oxygen

A) the outermost electron shell

B) the number of protons

C) the mass of the nucleus

D) the size of the atom

E) the number of neutrons

A) hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms

B) an electron or electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

C) atoms share electrons

D) two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time

E) a pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms

36) If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a(n) occurs 36) A) double covalent bond

B) polar covalent bond

C) triple covalent bond

D) single covalent bond

E) hydrogen bond

37) Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons 37) A) will normally form cations

B) frequently form hydrogen bonds

C) will normally form anions

D) are inert gases

E) will form many compounds

A) the presence of water molecules

B) the sharing of electrons

C) each electron orbiting all of the ions in the molecule

D) the attraction of similar charges of the ions' protons

E) the attraction of opposite electrical charges

B) a molecule with 4 carbon atoms and 16 hydrogen atoms

C) an inorganic compound with ionic bonds

D) a molecule with 4 carbon atoms

E) 4 molecules, each containing a carbon and a hydrogen atom

44) In a molecule of nitrogen, three pairs of electrons are shared by two nitrogen atoms The type of

bond that is formed is an example of a(n)

44)

A) double divalent bond

B) triple covalent bond

C) single trivalent bond

D) hydrogen bond

E) polar covalent bond

A) a calcium ion that has lost two electrons

B) a calcium ion that has lost two protons

C) a calcium ion that has gained two protons

D) two calcium atoms

E) a calcium ion that has gained two electrons

46) Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell and chlorine atoms have seven The

compound magnesium chloride would contain

46) A) 1 magnesium and 1 chlorine

B) 1 magnesium and 2 chlorine

C) 2 magnesium and 7 chlorine

D) 2 magnesium and 1 chlorine

E) impossible to tell without more information

A) glucose, causing decomposition

B) hydrogen, causing decomposition

C) water, causing decomposition

D) water, causing synthesis

E) carbon, causing decomposition

51) Which one of the following statements is not correct about the reaction H2 + Cl2 → 2 HCl? 51) A) One molecule of hydrogen contains two atoms

B) H2 and Cl2 are the reactants

C) This reaction is easily reversible

D) HCl is the product

E) Two molecules of HCl are formed in the reaction

A) gain water molecules

B) convert water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen

C) gain electrons

D) lose water molecules

E) convert hydrogen and oxygen to water

53) In the reaction listed below, what coefficient needs to be added to balance the equation?

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

B) lower the activation energy required for a reaction

C) are consumed during the reaction

D) affect only the rate of a chemical reaction

60) During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions

These ions can carry a current and so are called

60) A) electrolytes

A) water and carbon dioxide

B) It has a relatively low heat capacity

C) It is responsible for much of the mass of the human body

D) It contains hydrogen bonds

E) It can dissolve many substances

B) change body fluid pH

C) disrupt tissue functions

D) break chemical bonds

E) All of the answers are correct

A) acidic B) alkaline C) neutral D) a salt E) a buffer

C) They are both equal; 4 and 5 are relative values

D) pH 9, if you mixed the solutions

E) There is not enough information to determine

A) are structural components of cells

B) can make up proteins

C) can serve as buffers

D) are metabolized for cellular energy

E) are made from organic compounds

80) When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates 99 percent, forming hydrogen ions

and anions This compound would be

80) A) a strong base

81) When a small amount of HCl or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the

solution barely changes Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the

compound Na2HPO4, except

81)

A) Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure

B) Na2HPO4 acts as a buffer

C) Na2HPO4 is able to accept extra hydrogen ions from the HCl

D) Na2HPO4 is able to donate hydrogen ions to the OH- from NaOH

E) Na2HPO4 is a salt formed from reacting a strong base with a weak acid

B) elements that form at high pH

C) atoms that function in the body

D) amino acids in a globular protein

E) elements that occur in a salt

A) are usually not broken down by the body

B) are always some form of carbohydrate

C) provide the same number of calories as an equivalent amount of sucrose

D) are naturally similar to sugars

E) are inorganic sugar substitutes

A) protein B) sucrose C) glucose D) caffeine E) vitamins

B) lipid

A) form the regulatory molecules known as enzymes

B) are composed of C, H, O, and N atoms

C) contain the genetic information found in cells

D) are the body's most readily available source of energy

E) are the building blocks of cellular membranes

93) To bond two monomers together, a molecule of water must be to/from from

monomers This process is called

93) A) added; hydrolysis

A) form essential structural components of cells

B) cushion organs against shocks

C) help to maintain body temperature

D) provide a significant energy reserve

E) All of the answers are correct

96) Alaska Natives have a lower incidence of heart disease even though their diets are high in fat

and cholesterol This may be due to the large amount of in their diets

B) 3 glycerol molecules and 3 fatty acid molecules

C) 3 fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol molecule

104) The monomers of protein are 104) _ A) fatty acids

A) two simple sugars

B) two nucleotides

C) a sugar and a peptide

D) two amino acids

E) a peptide and a fatty acid

A) size of the amino group

B) number of carboxyl groups

C) number of peptide bonds in the molecule

D) nature of the side chain

E) number of central carbon atoms

B) tertiary

C) pentagonal

D) secondary

E) primary

B) The enzyme would function more quickly

C) The enzyme's function would not be altered

D) The enzyme would function more slowly

E) The enzyme would cease to function after reaching a maximum rate

A) lipid and protein

A) a five-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base

B) a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

C) a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

D) a five-carbon sugar and an amino acid

E) a five-carbon sugar and phosphate group

A) nucleotides represented by A and G

B) purines represented by T and C

C) purines represented by A and G

D) pyrimidines represented by A and G

E) pyrimidines represented by T and C

A) DNA contains pyrimidines but not purines

B) RNA contains pyrimidines but not purines

C) RNA contains purines but not pyrimidines

D) the backbone of RNA contains ribose

E) DNA contains purines but not pyrimidines

A) between the first and second phosphate group

B) between the second and third phosphate group

C) between adenine and a phosphate group

D) between adenine and ribose

E) between phosphate groups 1 and 2 and between phosphate groups 2 and 3

A) 2ATP B) ribose C) ATP D) ADP E) AMP

SHORT ANSWER Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question

131) A(n) is a pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind 131)

136) Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but

different numbers of neutrons, are called

136)

137) The of a radioactive substance is the time required for 50 percent of a given

amount of radioisotope to decay

137)

138) Ions with a positive charge are called 138)

139) Ions with a negative charge are called 139)

140) Kinetic energy is stored as energy when a spring is stretched 140)

141) Chemical reactions that release energy are called 141)

142) Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called 142)

143) The three familiar states of matter are solids, liquids, and 143)

144) Chemical reactions that occur in the body are accelerated by 144)

145) In living cells, complex metabolic reactions proceed in a series of steps called a(n)

145)

146) Compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom are called

molecules

146)

147) Compounds that do not usually contain carbon as the primary structural atom are called

molecules

147)

148) A(n) is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute 148)

149) Soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current are called

151) The of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration

expressed in moles per liter

154) Molecules with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that form biological

membranes are called

160) A(n) is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large amount of energy 160)

161) In the process of a phosphate group is transferred to a molecule 161)

162) The hydrolysis of ATP yields ADP, phosphate ion, and 162)

ESSAY Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper

163) The element sulfur has an atomic number of 16 and mass number of 32 How many neutrons are in the

nucleus of a sulfur atom? If sulfur forms covalent bonds with hydrogen, how many hydrogen atoms can bond to one sulfur atom?

164) What role do buffer systems play in the human body?

165) Blood has a very narrow normal pH range but urine has a very broad normal pH range What does that

indicate about the physiology of pH?

1) C 2) D 3) C 4) D 5) A 6) A 7) B 8) B 9) C 10) C 11) D 12) C 13) E 14) B 15) E 16) D 17) C 18) E 19) B 20) D 21) C 22) A 23) C 24) B 25) E 26) D 27) C 28) C 29) D 30) A 31) A 32) A 33) B 34) D 35) B 36) B 37) D 38) E 39) D 40) D 41) C 42) A 43) B 44) B 45) A 46) B 47) C 48) D 49) A 50) C 51) C

52) D 53) B 54) A 55) C 56) D 57) A 58) B 59) D 60) A 61) B 62) A 63) B 64) B 65) A 66) B 67) E 68) C 69) E 70) E 71) D 72) B 73) C 74) E 75) D 76) A 77) E 78) A 79) C 80) E 81) A 82) C 83) A 84) A 85) E 86) E 87) C 88) E 89) A 90) D 91) D 92) B 93) D 94) E 95) A 96) C 97) C 98) C 99) D 100) E 101) A 102) B 103) B