We Us Lu ý : Câu chủ động có tân ngữ mới chuyển sang câu bị động đợc, không có tân ngữ không chuyển đợc.. The actor is said to live in Newyork 2- Cấu trúc bị động to have/ get something
Trang 1Topic : The Passive Voice.
A Form :
To be + V (Past Participle) / Vpp / Vp2 2
Ex : - she is punished
- Their children are taken to the zoo every Sunday
B The tenses of the passive voice.
Simple Present Am/ is/ are + Vpp English is spoken here
Present Continuous Am/ is/ are +being +Vpp The house is being painted
Simple Past Was/ were + Vpp My bag was stolen
yesterday
Past Continuous Was/ were + being + Vpp The dinner was being
cooked at 5 p.m yesterday
Present Perfect Have/ has + been + Vpp Three men have been
arrested
Past Perfect Had + been + Vpp When I came home
yesterday, the dinner had been cooked
Will Future Will be + Vpp A new supermarket will be
built in Ngoc Tao
Future Perfect Will have + been + Vpp The home work will have
been finished by Friday
Going to Future Am/ is/ are + going to +
Vpp She is going to be sent abroad for her further
study
Can/ may/ must/
might/ shall/
should/ could/
have to/ ought
to … .
Can/ May….+ be + Vpp.+ be + Vpp This task can be done
easily
C Way to change the active voice in to the passive voice.
Active : S + V + O
Passive : S + BE + Vpp + (By + O)
- Động từ “TO BE” trong câu bị động cùng thì với động từ chính của câu chủ
động và chia số ít hay nhiều tuỳ thuộc vào chủ ngữ của câu bị động
Ex : She washes the dishes every day
=>The dishes are washed by her every day
- Nhớ chuyển chủ ngữ sang tân ngữ và ngợc lại (dựa vào bảng dới đây)
Object
Trang 2We Us
Lu ý : Câu chủ động có tân ngữ mới chuyển sang câu bị động đợc, không có tân ngữ không chuyển đợc
D Some special passive structures :
1- Bị động với các động từ nh : say, know, think, believe….….
Ex : People say that the actor lives in Newyork
=> 1a It is said that the actor lives in Newyork
=> 1b The actor is said to live in Newyork
2- Cấu trúc bị động to have/ get something done “ ”
Diễn tả ý thuê hoặc nhờ ai làm việc gì nh một dich vụ
Ex : I have my hair cut every two months
He has his car washed once aweek (car washer washes his car once a week)
3- Thể bị động với động từ Need “ ”
Dạng V-ing đứng sau động từ “Need” mang ý nghĩa bị động
Ex : The walls are dirty They need to be painted
Or The walls are dirty They neeed painting
4- Bị động với động từ “Make”
Ex : They made him work hard => He was made to be work hard
He often makes her cry => She is often made to cry by him
The news has made me laugh => I has been made to laugh by the news
E Exercises.
Exercise 1 : Change into the passive voice.
1 Somebody stole my bag in the shop => My bag ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
2 The police have arresred three men => Three men….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
3 The bill includes service => Service….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
4 People don’t use this way very often => This way….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
5 They cancelled all flights because of fog => All flights….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
6 Somebody accused me of stealing the money => I….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
7 They are building a new road around the city => A new ring-road….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
8 I didn’t realise that someone was recording our conversation
=>I didn’t realise that our conversation….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
9 They have changed the date of the meeting
=> The date of the meeting ….+ be + Vpp ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
10 Brian told me that somebody had attacted and robbed in the street
=> Brian told me that he….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
Exercise 2 : Turn in to the passive voice.
1 They don’t pay Jim very much => Jim….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
2 They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview => You….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
3 Nobody told me that George was ill => I….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
4 His colleagues gave him a present when he retired => He….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
5 We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready => You….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
6 They didn’t ask me my name => I….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
7 I think they should have offer Tom the job => I think Tom….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
8 They built this bridge ten year ago => This bridge….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
9 Someone should do the job tomorrow => The job….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
10 He stole some money and was arresred for it => He was….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
Trang 3Exercise 3 : Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form).
(Make, wake, knock, find, drive, carry, translate, wash )
1- A decision will not ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.until the next meeting
2- That building is dangerous.It ought to ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppdown before it falls down
3- I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp up at 6:30
4- Her new book will probably ….+ be + Vpp.into a number of foreign languages
5- The police are looking for the missing boy He can’t….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp anywhere
6- The injured man couldn’t walk and he had to ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
7- I don’t mind driving but I preffered to ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp by other people
8- Their car is very dirty It need….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
Exercise 4: Turn into the passive voice.
1- People say that he is an exellent poet => He….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
2- They said that he was the best student in his group => He….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
3- It was alleged that he stole 60 $ =>He….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
4- The machanic serviced my car last week => I….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
5- He didn’t invite her to his birthday party => She….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
6- They haven’t cleaned the floor this week => The floor….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
7- Last year, more than 250 people visisted this museum
=> This museum….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
8- My bicycle was broken It needs….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.(Hoàn thành câu)
9- People laugh at him => He….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
10- He threw the book into a corner and forgot all about it
=> The book….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
Topic II : gerunds and to-infinitives.
- Learning English is interesting
- He suggested going to the cinema.
- I am tired of listening to him
- He remembered locking the door
- It is fun to learn English
- He told me to go to the cinema.
- I started to take up badminton.
- I am glad to see you again
1, Danh động từ làm chủ ngữ
- Swimming is good for your health
- Behaving like that is not good
Cấu trúc tơng đơng là : It + to be +adj + to-infinitive
Ex :- Learning English is interesting = It is interesting to learn English
- Behaving like that is not good = It is not good to behave like that
2, Danh động từ đứng sau giới từ
- He is fond of playing football
- She is interested in learning English
- I look forward to seeing you soon
Notes : to look forward to, insist on, be surprise at, be interested in, be tired of, be bored with, be fed up with, ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
3 Danh động từ làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ.
- He likes swimming
- He stopped smoking two months ago
Danh sách các động từ theo sau đó là một danh động từ : ẹnjoy/ avoid/ mind/ can t ’
help/ can t stand/ finish/ practice/ admit/ miss/ consider/ dis like/ delay/ deny/ ’
suggest/ give up/ prevent/ risk/ escape/ discuss/ keep/ explain/ pospone/ mention/ recommend/ appriciate/ quit/ understand/ imagine/ sopport/ feel like …
Ex: He enjoys spending his weekend with his little girl very much
4 Một số động từ theo sau bằng một động từ nguyên mẫu
Trang 4Có 2 cách dùng :
+, Main verb + to-infinitive (refuse/ want/ promise/ decide/ agree/ threaten/
arrange/ hope/ ….+ be + Vpp)
Ex : - I hope to see you again
-He swore not to come back
+, Main verb + O + to-infinitive (ask/ tell/ advise/ want/ remind/ encourage/ invite/ persuade/ force/ teach….+ be + Vpp.)
Ex:
- He often invites his friends to come to his house for dinner at weekend
- They want her daughter to stay at home at night
5 Một số động từ theo sau có thể là một danh động từ hoặc một động từ
nguyên mẫu có to “ ”
V + Ving/ To-Ifninitive
+, Với các động từ sau khi dùng sau đó là danh động từ hay nguyên mẫu thì nghĩa không khác nhau: start/ begin/ continue/ love/ like/ cease
+, Sau động từ “intend “ta có thể dùng nguyên mẫu :
I intend ti sell it (Tôi định bán nó) thờng xuyên hơn là danh động từ
Nguyên mẫu cần phải có sau intend + túc từ
Ex : I intended him to do that task
+, Sau allow/ advise/ permit/ recommend
- Nếu có liên quan đến ngời đề cập đến hành động sau, ta dùng nguyên mẫu
Ex : They allow us to park here.
We don’t allow students to talk in the class
- Nếu ngòi đó không đợc đề cập thì ta dung danh động từ
Ex : We don’t allow talking in the class
+, Các động từ need/ require/ want/ có thể dùng nguyên mẫu hoặc danh động từ bị
động Nhng danh động từ thờng đợc dùng hơn
Ex : The grass needs tobe cut hoặc The grass needs cutting
(Cỏ thì cần đợc cắt)
+, Các động từ Regret/ remember/ forget
- Đợc dùng với danh động từ khi hành động ở danh động từ diễn ra trớc (sớm hơn)
Ex: I regret spending so much money (Tôi hối tiếc vì đã tiêu quá nhiều tiền – Hành động tiêu tiền xảy ra trớc)
- remember có thể đợc dùng theo sau một tính từ sở hữu / túc từ + danh động từ
Ex : I remember his/ him telling me about it.(Tôi nhớ là anh ta đã kể cho tôi nghe về
điều đó)
Regret/ remember/ forget + Ving : Hối tiếc/ nhớ/ quên là đã làm gì
- Regret/ remember/ forget + to-infinitive theo sau bởi các nguyên mẫu diễn tả hành động Tiếc/ nhớ/ quên xảy ra trớc
Ex : I didn’t remember to lock the door this morning
(Sáng nay,Tôi không nhớ khoá cửa )
Regret/ remember/ forget + to-infinitive : Hối tiếc/ nhớ/ quên để/ phải làm gì
+, Đối với động từ “stop” :
- Stop + to-infinitive : Dừng lại để làm gì
He stopped to smoke (Hắn ta dừng lại để làm gì)
- Stop + Ving : Thôi/ bỏ làm gì
He stopped smoking 2 months ago (Hắn ta bỏ thuốc 2 thang trớc đây)
- Có thể dùng stop +túc từ + Ving
I can’t stop him talking to the press (Tôi không thể ngăn ông ta nói chuyện với báo
chí)
+, Đối với động từ Try
- try + Ving ; Thử làm gì
- try + to-infinitive : cố gắng làm gì
+, Đối với các động từ : see/ hear/ watch/ feel
Trang 5- see/ hear/ watch/ feel + Túc từ +Ving : Thấy/ nghe/ xem/ cảm thấy ai đang làm gì
Ex: I saw them playing foot ball yesterday afternoon
- - see/ hear/ watch/ feel + Túc từ + Bare infinitive : Thấy/ nghe/ xem/ cảm thấy ai đã làm gì
Exercises:
Exercise 1 : Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences.
1 He does not allow us ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp in his house
A smoke B to smoke C smoking D smoked
2 Passing the restaurant , he stopped ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp a coffee
A to drink B drink C drinking D drunk
3 No one can prevent us from….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppgood things
A to do B doing C did D done
4 I enjoy ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppin the afternoon after ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp my English homework
A rest/ finishing B rest/ finish C.resting/ finish D resting/ finishing
5 Would you like ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppme some tea?
A make B making C made D to make
6 He stopped ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp 2 weeks ago because he had a bad cough
A smoke B to smoke C smoking D smoked
7 I want to travel becausse I enjoy ….+ be + Vpp people and ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppnew places
A.to meet/ to see B meeting/ seeing C to meet/ seeing D meeting/ to see
8 In stead of ….+ be + Vpp.out with Janet , we decided….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpphome
A going/ staying B going/ to stay C to go/ staying D going/ to stay
9 Would you mind….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.me your pocket calculator?
A lending B lend C to lend D lent
10 She is looking forward to….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.her parents’letter from Italy
A receive B received C to receive D receiving
11 She wannted ….+ be + Vpp.home but the boss made her ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp until she
finished….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp those contracts
A going/ staying/ typing B to go/ stay/ typing
C going/ to stay/ typing D go/ stay/ type
12 Thomas will never forget….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp the Queen when sshe visited the university where he studied
A meet B meeting C to meet D met
13 Jonh could not help….+ be + Vpp.angry when he learnt that they had refused ….+ be + Vpphim a promotion
A getting/ offering B getting/ to offer
C to get/ offering D to get/ to offer
14 I regret ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppthat I was not interested in the work.The boss overheard me
so he sacked me
….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
A saying/ saying B saying/ say C.to say/ saying D to say/ say
15 Would you mind….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.for few minutes?
A wait B to wait C waiting D waited
Exercise 2 : Use the correct form of the verbs in the brackets (Gerund ,
To- infinitive or bare infinitive )
1 It is easy (see)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp animals on the road in daylight but sometimes at night it is difficult (avoid)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.(hit)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.them
2 I caught him (climb)….+ be + Vpp over my wall I asked him (explain)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp but he refused (say)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.anything ,so in the end I let him (go)….+ be + Vpp
3 There was no ways of (get)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.out of the building except by (climb)
down the rope and Ann was too terrified (do) this
….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp ….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
4 We heard the engine (roar)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppas the plan began (move)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp and we saw the people on the ground (wave )….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.goodbye
Trang 65 It is no good (write)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp.to him, he never answers letters The only thing (do)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppis (go)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppand (see)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpphim
6 Ask him (come)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp in Don’t keep him (stand)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp
7 We watch the children (jump)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp from a window and (fall)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp into
a blanket held by the people below
8 We are planning(visit)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppseveral historicai sites in Hue
9 I don’t remember (tell)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp of the decision (change)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vppthe company policy on vacations When was it decided?
10 Tommy admitted (throw)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp the rock though the window after that I let him (go away)….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp….+ be + Vpp