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Trang 1Although Ju lie h ad been with Mrs W orthington ju s t three days, she
h a d already learn t th a t h er boss w as the kind of person one h ad to be careful with Her ch an ges of mood could be rapid, she definitely did not tolerate failure, laziness or poor work a n d she firmly believed th a t eve-ryone’s h ig h est priority should be their work for the com pany Ju lie
w as enjoying h e r job a s Mrs W orthington’s personal secretary, b u t she knew th a t today would be tough
For several days, Ju lie ha d been experiencing toothache At first, it
w as merely a m inor annoyan ce th a t could be ignored “It’ll probably go away by itself,” Ju lie told herself “If not, 111 see th e d e n tist w hen I’m
m ore settled here a t work It’s not th at-u rg e n t.”
It d id n ’t disappear, however, an d after a n extremely uncom fortable night, Ju lie awoke to severe dental pain “T h at’s ju s t w hat I need,” she said to herself “Maybe I can get a d en tist’s ap po intm en t for th is eve-ning, after w ork.”
Ju lie called th e den tist's “I’m afraid the only tim e th e den tist h as available today is a t 3.30 pm this afternoon,” said th e receptionist
Ju lie h a d to m ake a n im m ediate decision “I’ll take it,” she said
The question was, how was Mrs W orthington going to react? Would she say, “Of course you can leave early, Julie In fact, leave a t lunchtim e and d o n ’t come back until you're completely better,”? Ju lie knew a far more likely response would be som ething along the lines of: “Well, th a t really is m ost inconvenient Couldn’t you have arranged to see the d en-tist in your own time? You have to think ab ou t the com pany a s well, you know We c a n ’t all take time off whenever we feel like it We’d never get any work done if we all spen t th e day runn in g aro und seeing doctors and dentists C an't you change the time of your appointm ent?”
The pain w as increasing in intensity, though, and Ju lie knew she
h a d to see a d en tist today If the only solution w as to leave work early
a n d face Mrs W orthington’s displeasure, th en so be it
“H ere’s y our coffee, Mrs W orthington,” said Ju lie, a s she went into
h e r b o ss’s office for the first time th a t morning
“T h an k you, Ju lie ,” said Mrs W orthington, w ithout looking up
“Don’t forget I need those reports typed up by three o’clock a t the la est I’ve got a m eeting with Mr Price this afternoon.” “Yes, Mrs Wor-thington IVe nearly finished them Uram Sorry, Mrs W orthington,
t-b u t I wonder if I could ask you som ething It’s quite im p o rtan t.”
“W hat is it, Ju lie ? ” She looked up from the d o cum ents sh e ’d been studying, a n d w ithout giving Julie a chance to reply, said: “Oh myBỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 2goodness! What^s.;happ.ene'd:ito y o u r'fac e ? It’s all swollen on one side
“I’ve got reálỉy;bạd -tootftaetteV-M^ I called the d e n tist
an d triẹd to mạ&ể;aii: a p p o m ti^ b u t the.only tim e he
can see me- is a t;h a lf p a st -’th re e ; a n d I know:: th a t w ould m ean leaving
.early- b u t I :d0n‐1 Mriow w hat else
■ “StopJ’* said .Mrs W orthington “I quite u n d e rsta n d T hese things
hav e to be-dealt'w ith, or they only get worse, d o n ’t they? Get it sorted
but, a s quickly a s possible.”
'• “T h ank you, M rs W orthington.”
“Do you th in k you can w ork th is m orning, Ju lie ? If you c a n ’t, tell me
an d w ell find a solution If you can, ju s t finish those repo rts a s quickly
as you can a n d th e n go home Have you tak en anything for it, by th e
way?”
“No, I h av en ’t I th in k Vd b ette r wait as the d e n tist will probably have
to give me a n an a esth etic an d you have to be a bit careful, d o n ’t you?
But, yes I can definitely stay an d finish th e reports It’s n o t th a t b a d ”
“Well, it looks b ad enough I do appreciate it, Julie I really do.”
As Ju lie re tu rn e d to h e r desk, she w ondered if she h a d n ’t m isjudged
Mrs W orthington “I co uldn’t have ask ed for a m ore u n d e rsta n d in g p
er-son to work for - th is m orning, a t least,” she said to herself, an d
smiled, despite the pain
1 Ju lie know s th a t Mrs W o rth in g to n _
A th in k s all of h e r staff are lazy and bad a t th eir work
B is only in a good mood for a few m in u tes each day
c th in k s th a t Ju lie is n o t hard-w orking enough
D w a n ts Ju lie to p u t h er work before everything else
2 W hen Ju lie says “T h a t’s ju s t w hat I need” (paragraph 3), s h e _
A m eans the opposite of w h at she says
B is being optim istic ab o u t th e situation
c is trying to pretend she is okay
D suggests she h a s found a solution
3 Ju lie expects Mrs W orthington to respond b y _
A suggesting Ju lie sees a doctor instead
B allowing Ju lie to leave work early,
c criticising Ju lie for being selfish
D telling Ju lie to stop complaining
4 Mrs W orthington d o e sn ’t look a t Ju lie because she is b u s y _
A drinkin g a cup of coffee
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Trang 3B talking to Mr Price,
c typing som e reports
D looking a t som e docum ents
5 Mrs W orthington in terru p ts Ju lie to _
A give h er perm ission to see the dentist
B tell h er to leave the building immediately,
c express h er displeasure a t w hat she said
D find out some m ore inform ation from her
-6 Mrs W orthington ask s Ju lie w hether s h e _
A can thin k of a solution to the problem
B h a s taken an y m edicine for th e pain,
c has already finished typing the reports
D can tell h e r w hat work h a s to be done
7 W hen Ju lie leaves Mrs W orthington's office, s h e _
A feels th a t she h a d n ’t m isjudged Mrs W orthington after all
B w onders why sh e’d m isjudged Mrs W orthington so badly,
c recognises some goốñ qualities'in Mrs W orthington
D w ishes Mrs W orthington had been more u nderstanding
of one of the buildings and waved u p a t them The pilot tu rn ed the plane expertly an d they soon to.uched down on the line of h ard sand
They cam e to a stop by the largest building and Nancy stepped out A wom an of perh ap s forty held o ut h er hand
“Hi Welcome to C arter’s Cross I’m Shelley.” Nancy looked at her
- then so be it thì cũng ñành vậy/ ñành phải như thế thôi
- swollen (adj) sưng vù lên
- to get sth sorted out giải quyẽt ổn thỏa việc gỉ
- anaesthetic thuốc mê
- to misjudge ñánh giá sai, phán xét sai
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Trang 4• She w as not u nattractive, although long h o u r s in Ị h é s u n were
begin-n ibegin-n g t o ' ta k e : th eir toll: abegin-n d she h ad a begin-n u m b er of.vime&^ibegin-nd w ribegin-nkles
; Nancy w as surprised; tọ- see th á t her clothes were quite, fashionable, de~
• spite á bit of d u s t.• Soộiething in N ancy’s expression m u St have com
-m unicated itself to Shelley because she laughed an d said, “We’re not
quite as backw ard a s you m ight think This is th e 2 1 st century Come
on into the store.”
They w ent inside while th e pilot checked his plane The store w as
well stocked w ith fanning equipm ent, tinned food an d clothes An old
m an w as cleaning the counter He looked up w hen they entered an d
then carried on w ith his ta sk w ithout catching Nancy's eye “Now, come
on, D ad,” Shelley said “We all know how you feel ab o u t them finding
oil outside C arter’s Cross, b u t th a t’s no reaso n to be rude T his is
Nancy Edw ards, from the university.” She tu rn e d to Nancy “H e’s stu ck
in his ways T hinks it’ll m ean the end of farm ing ro u n d here Not su ch
a bad thing, if you ask m e.”
“Well, nobody did ask you.” It w as the old m an “My granddad
farm ed th is land, a n d so will my grandson.' I'm n o t having th is land
turn ed into a great big ugly oil refinery.” He looked a t Nancy “And I
w on’t be bought off, eith er.”
Nancy h ad heard from h er colleagues th a t th is kind of resistan ce
ju s t disappeared w hen people realised quite w hat the find w as w orth
and they happily packed up a n d headed for th e com forts of th e n ea rest
city She hoped this tim e would be no exception
“I’m here to a sse ss th e environm ental im pact, Mr W illiam son,”
Nancy said “I have no intention of building any th ing.” The old m an
looked a t h er and th e n walked to the door He pointed out a t th e land
“Environm ental im pact?” He shook his head “W hat environm ent?
It’s a baking desert a n d a person's got to work h a rd to m ake a living off
sheep in a land like this You a re n ’t going to find any endangered
spe-cies out there, and so you 11 go back and write your rep ort and the oil
com panies will move in B ut there's one thing th a t 1 bet you d o n ’t m en
-tion in y our report The village.” He looked o u t into the su n again
Nancy w as a little confused There had been no m ention of a village in
any of the inform ation she had read “W hat village?” she asked
“There are ten farm s th a t rely on th is store Together, they cover an
area, of nearly 400 squ are kilom etres And th ey ’re o u r neighbours We
never m iss a birthday, or a wedding, or any o th er event You’re going to
destroy our village.” Nancy could th in k of nothing to say Shelley
shrugged her shoulders Nancy w andered back to th e plane to get h er
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Trang 51 The buildings Nancy sees from th e plane a r e _
A sm aller th a n she expected
B very im p o rtant to th e local people,
c left em pty m ost of th e time
D used to store farm ing equipm ent
2 The p h ra se “tak e th eir toll” in parag raph 2 m ea ns t h a t _
A th e su n h a s improved Shelley’s appearance
B Shelley enjoys spending time in th e sun
c Nancy an d Shelley both find the su n too hot
D the su n h a s dam aged Shelley’s skin
3 Shelley lau g h s w hen she realises th a t N a n cy _
A w a sn ’t expecting h er to be w earing new clothes
B d id n ’t know th a t there would be so m uch d u st •
c is usin g strang e expressions
D w an ts to be invited into the building
4 The m an ignores Nancy a t first because he d o esn ’t _
A like m eeting new people
B approve of w hat is happening,
c see h er behind Shelley
D w ant h e r to see how u p se t he is
5 Nancy hopes th a t th e old m an will change his m ind w h e n _
A he le a m s how comfortable the city is
B h e sees th ere is no point hiding his tru e feelings,
c he is offered enough m o n ey.
D she explains how im portant the find is
6 Mr W illiamson believes t h a t _
A Nancy h a s no intention of doing h er job properly
B the discovery of oil th re a te n s the local wildlife
c the oil com panies will ignore w h at Nancy tells them
D there is no wildlife w orth saving in th e area
7 Nancy d o esn ’t u n d e rsta n d Mr W illiamson’s reference to “th e village”
b e c a u s e _
A it covers a large area an d is never m arked on m aps
B the oil com pany d id n ’t give h er all the relevant inform ation,
c h e ’s talking ab o u t relatio nship s an d n o t a physical place
D it’s a long way from w here they are
Trang 6He's stuck in his ways :<hư khư giữ thói quen/ quan ñierrí cùa mình
to farm canh tác
oií-refinery nhà máy lọc dầu
to be bought off bị mua chuộc bằng
tiền, chịu nhận tiền bồi thường
resistance sự "kháng cự/ phản ñối find món phát hiện
to head for a place nhắm hướng nào
ñể ñi ñến
to assess ñánh giá
environmental impact tác ñộng ñến
môi trường baking desert sa mạc nóng như thiêu ñốt
to make a living off sth kiếm sống nhờ vào cái gì
to shrug ones shoulders nhún vai
80
W hether you call it a “gap year”, a “year o u t”' or a “y ea r ofF, the
deci-sion to delay going to university for a yea r after leaving school is a diffi-
f cult, b u t im portant, one
Becky Roberts, now studying history a t the University of Warwick,
d o esn ’t regret h e r decision to take a year off “I’d worked so h a rd for my
A levels,” she says “I knew it would do me good to do som ething totally
u n re la ted to stu dyin g before em barking on a th ree-year degree course
My y ea r off w orking for my d a d ’s com pany w a sn ’t a holiday by any
m eans, b u t it w as a b reak from th e world of education, a n d th a t’s ju s t
w hat I needed.”
Carl Sanchez agrees Now halfway th roug h a biology degree a t Car- • diff University, Carl sp en t m uch of his gap year travelling “I w orked for
ab o u t th ree m o n th s to save up enough money, th e n w ent to stay w ith
some friends who live in France I ended u p travelling ro u n d m ost of
Europe, a n d even got over to R u ssia for a few w eeks, which w as fa n ta
s-tic.” Both Becky an d C arl enjoyed their year off, b u t do they feel it’s
benefited them in term s of th eir university life now? “Definitely,” says
Carl “W hen I left school, I w as a norm al, fairly irresponsible eighteen
year-old I h a d n ’t been anyw here, I h a d n ’t done anything A y e a r later,
when I w ent to university, I felt m uch more like a n a d u lt th a n a child.”
“I know a few people a t Warwick who took a year off,” says Becky
“Generally, we’re m ore dedicated to o ur stu d ies th a n th o se stu d e n ts
who cam e stra ig h t from school We’ve got different priorities We w a n t
to have fun, of course, b u t we realise w e’re here to get o u r degrees I
- a strip of level ground một dải-ñất
bằng phang ' y
stretch vùng (ñất/nước) trải rộng
- to stretch as fa r as th e eye can see ~
trải dài ñến hết tầm mắt
- a vital link to sth mộtìiên kết quan
trọng với
- expertly (añv) một cách khéo léo
to touch down (máy bay) ñáp xuống
- unattractive (adj) không xinh ñẹp,
không quyến rũ
- to take its toll làm hại ñến, có tác
-ñộng xấu ñến
- lines and wrinkles nếp nhăn trên da
- backward (adj) ìạc hậu
- to be well stocked with sth dự trữ
ñầy ñù, có sẵn rất' nhiều hàng hóa
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Trang 7d o n ’t think som e of the others have quite realised why th ey ’re ạ t u n versity yet.”
i-There are draw backs to taking a gap year, thought Penny C artw right
w ent straig h t from school to study m edicine a t Im perial College, don “I th o u g h t ab o u t taking a gap year b u t decided ag ain st it and
Lon-do n’t regret the decision for a m inute Becoming a Lon-doctor tak es such a long tim e - I’ll be ab out 26 years old before I can s ta rt earning any
m oney - th a t the sooner you start, th e better, in my opinion It m ight
be fun, b u t it’s really ju s t a w asted year in term s of career
develop-m ent.”
T here’s also the financial consideration If you do decide to take a year off, an d you d o n ’t w ant to work the whole time as Becky did, you have to be able to pay for it S usan Jen k in s, a C areers Officer, points out th a t p aren ts are now less likely to fund th eir child’s year off
“Twenty y ears ago, it was fairly comm on for p are n ts to say to their son
or daughter, “H ere’s two th o u san d pounds, go an d have fun abroad for
a few m o n th s.” Nowadays, because p aren ts have to pay so m uch more for their child’s edu cation while they're a t university, they ju s t c a n ’t af-ford to pay for th is extra year too.”
•One option, of course, is to do w hat Carl did: w ork for a few m o nths
in order to save u p for a trip abroad A nother option is to find casu al work while travelling abroad “There are now a lot of books an d web-sites with loads of inform ation for people who w an t to do th is,” says
S usan “It’s a great way to see the world, gain experience, an d get money for living expenses all a t th e sam e time B ut d o n ’t expect to earn enough to save any m oney.”
So, should you take a gap year? The answ er is: it depends If you
w ant a b reak from books an d essays, then it’s probably a good idea -
a s long a s you, or your parents, can afford it an d a s long a s you ’re ing to do som ething w orthw hile during your tim e off Sitting a t hom e
go-w atching TV d oesn’t count! If you go-w ant to get your degree an d s ta rt regular em ploym ent a s quickly as possible, a gap year m ay not be so sensible
1 Becky took a year off because s h e _
A needed to see w h at working for her father w as like
B felt she needed a long holiday before university
c h ad done so well in h er A level exam s at school
D w anted to do som ething different for a while
2 Carl says th a t a year off helped h im _
A learn the im portance of saving money
B becom e m ore m atu re and experienced
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Trang 8c , m ake friends in m any different countries.
D become m ore knowledgeable ab o u t geography
3 According to Becky, stu d e n ts who d id n ’t take a year o ff
A are less hard-w orking th a n those who did
B probably w on’t en d u p w ith a degree,
c d o n ’t w an t to have fun a t university
D are less intelligent th a n those who did
4 According to Penny, a year o ff _
A should be taken w hen you’re abo ut 26 y ears old
B is better once y o u ’ve actually started your course,
c m erely delays the tim e w hen you can get a job
D can be enjoyable and useful for yo ur futu re work
5 In the p ast, p aren ts were m ore likely t o _
A pay for th eir child’s education a t university
B encourage th eir child to go straight to university,
c force th eir child to tak e a year off before university
D give th eir child m oney to help w ith th eir year off
6 S u san issu es a w arning a b o u t _
A inform ation from books and w ebsites
B low w ages for casual w ork abroad
c paying for everyday expenses abroad
D the difficulty of finding casu al work
7 This article w ould probably NOT a p p ear in
A a textbook for university stud en ts
B a handbook for school-leavers,
c a m agazine for young people
D the education section of a new spaper
GLOSSASRY
- a gap year một năm tạm nghỉ học (ñể
ñi du
lịch) A levels chương trình dự bị ñại học (hai
năm cuối trung học, chuẩn bị cho học sinh vào thằng các trường ñại học ở Anh)
- to do sb good có lợi cho ai
- to embark on sth bắt tay vào làm gi
- a three-year degree course khóa học
kéo dài 3 năm ñua ñến bằng cử nhân
- n o t by any means hoàn toàn không
chút nào
- a break thời gian nghỉ xà hởi
- to end up doing sth rốt cuộc (phải) làm gi
- to beneíỉỉ sb có ]Ợi cho ai
- in terms of xét về mặt
- to be dedicated to sth chuyên tâm, chuyên cần, dồn hết tâm trí vào
- drawback ñiều bất tiện
- a Careers Officer nhân viên tư vấn hướng nghiệp
- to fund tài trợ, chu cấp
- casual work việc làm thời vụ
- worthwhile (adj) có ích
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Trang 9w as the back end of a sm all brown dog, which seem ed to be connected
to a plastic bag They both let out shrieks of delight
“Oh, it’s a puppy!” cried Verity, and ben t down to release the dog’s head from the plastic bag The dog looked up a t them w ith k etch u p on its face Now th a t they could see the whole anim al, it w as clear th a t it
w as not quite a s young as Verity had th oug ht a t first sight It carried one o r two scars of life on the streets - it h ad a cu t below one eye and one ear seem ed to be perm anently a t an angle - b u t on the whole it w as not in bad health for a stray dog Its coat was shiny an d you co u ld n ’t see its ribs u n d er the skin, like you could w ith m any dogs in a sim ilar position Ju dging by the litter bin, visitors to the beach were a good source of chips, hot dogs and ham burgers w ithout knowing it The dog sat, looking u p a t the girls w ith its tongue hanging o ut as it panted
“Come o n ,” said Verity “Let’s take him down to the beach!” Sally hesitated a m om ent before agreeing She could see where it w as lead-ing Her father always told h er to w alk away from a stray anim al be-cause th ere w as a danger you would w ant to keep it Then it would be
h ard er w hen you actually did have to waik away However, she could n’t deny th a t the dog w as cute, so she w as pleased w hen it trotted along behind them on the way to the beach
They spread th eir towels on the beach a n d got suncream ou t of their bags W hen they tu rn e d round, the dog h a d settled on one of the towels
a s if he owned the place He seem ed glad of the opportunity to re st and Verity could im agine the co n stan t battle he faced each day to survive
A part from the search for food and shelter, w hich p erh ap s were less of
a problem here th a n they would have been in the city centre, there w as the com petition from other dogs T his dog m u st be p retty sm art, she decided, to survive against the others b ecause he certainly w ouldn’t win too m any fights, even if his injuries showed th a t he d id n ’t give up easily
They sp en t the day lazing in the sun, swim m ing an d playing beach tennis The dog joined in after resting for a while To the casual ob-server, it would have looked like two girls and their dog playing to-gether Sally knew, however; th a t th a t w a sn ’t the case an d she was dreading the m om ent w hen they would have to leave Eventually, the
su n began to set and it got cooler Verity stared a t th e sun, a s if willingBỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 10it to stay in 0e>,sky;for"sm other^houE^Sịhe;iạvoỉded looking a t Sally and
"didn’t 5eem /to.:^ t3!ce$M0 ^ ^ i ^ Verity stroked th e dog,
• which; w;as lỵixig,on th é ^ ọ ^ â n e x tto ỉ:ầ ^ :^ a n ỵ ^ k n e w ' th a t they co uld n’t
p u t it off an y lọngẹi:- i': / • •!-• •:;■•■■■■■
“It’s probably '/itime we were - getting back,” she said a t last Verity
tu rn ed .round and ;Sally;^saw te a rs -m ạ iỉìặ g down h e r face The dog
looked from one'.of them to th e other arid waited
Verity arid Sally's - first reaction is:' •
A am u sem en t a t the dog’s appearance
B worry: ab o u t th e’ dog’s condition
c fright a t w hat m ight be u n d e r the rubbish
D curiosity a t the dog’s behaviour
2 The dog seem s to b e _
A in good condition despite its injuries
B in a worse state th a n m ost stray dogs,
c ra th e r overweight for its size
D in u rgent need of m edical attention
3 It seem s th a t people who go to this b e a c h _
A enjoy feeding the stray dogs
B are careless w ith th e ừ rubbish,
c throw a lot of food away
D d o n ’t know they are harm ing the dogs
4 Sally d o esn’t im m ediately agree to take the dog to th e beach b
e-cause _
A they d o n ’t have a lead to p u t on the dog to control it
B h er father stops h e r from doing w hat she w an ts to do
c she th in k s the dog m ight be dangerous, in spite of his ap p ea ance
r-D she d o esn ’t w ant to form a relationship w ith th e dog
5 Verity th in k s th a t the d o g _
A needs th eir help to avoid th e other dogs
B is a cow ard w hen it com es to fighting other dogs,
c is m ore attractive th a n the other dogs
D u ses his brains to b eat the o ther dogs
6 The girls d o n ’t w ant to leave the beach b e c a u s e _
A they th in k the dog will be attacked
B they w ant to su n b ath e for an o th er hour,
c they w ant people to th in k it’s their ñog
D they are trying to delay leaving the dog
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Trang 117 Sally feels uncom fortable b e c a u s e _
A sh e a n d Verity have argued ab o u t.th e dog
B she th in k s th a t someone is w atching them ,
c she knows th a t leaving th e dog will be hard
D she w a n ts to get rid of the dòg w ithout Verity knowing
GLOSSASRY
- a pile of rubbish một ñống rác
- litter bin thùng rác
- to emerge from chui ra từ, xuất hiện
- shrieks of delight tiếng reo mừng
- puppy con chó con
- to release sth from sth tháo gỡ cái gì
ra khỏi
- ketchup nưốc xốt cà chua
- at first sight mới thoạt nhìn
"r- to ỉaze nghi ngơi thư giãn
- to the casual observer ñối với người ngoài cuộc
consid-p u t a tick next to it an d th o u g h t no more ab o u t it
The reality of w hat m em bership actually involved s u n k in th e ing Thursday “This year, w ell be com peting w ith schools in the local area,” said Miss Forbes “The first debate is next S atu rday evening at
follow-D aversham College W ell need two speakers, an d the topic is capital
p u n ish m en t We halve to argue in favour of it Any volunteers?”
There w as silence in th e room “Nobody?” said Miss Forbes “Well, in
th a t case i l l decide w ho’s going to speak Alison, will you do the m ain, five-m inute speech, an d Carrie, ca n you do the tw o-m inute sum m ing
up a t th e en d?”
Although Miss Forbes h ad p h ra sed it a s a question, it was not the kind of school where you could say no to a teacher “Yes, Miss F orbes,”
said Carrie weakly
Miss Forbes explained to Carrie exactly w hat she would have to do
“The a c tu a l sum m ing up of o u r m ain arg u m en ts should be the lastBỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 12thirty seconds or so of your speech That, b it’s easy , an d can be w ritten
in advance D iscuss w ith AĨỊèon w hat the m ain points s h e ’s m aking
are F or the first in in u te a n d a háứỵ though^you have to respond to the
points m ade by th e opposition, a n d explain, why th ey ’re wrong I w on’t
lie to you, it’s n o t;ẹasýf'ỵốu have to listen,very, veiy carefully to w hat
they say in th e ir'm a in speech, m ake notes a s you listen, and come up
with reasons why those points are wrong.”
C arrie w as terrified S he’d never done anything like th is before in her life, an d w as sure she would m ake a fool of herself W hat if she
couldn’t think of anything to say? A m inute a n d a h alf is a lifetime
when you’re standing in front of a m icrophone an d everyone’s looking
at you Still, a t least none of her friends w ould be th ere to see h er m ess
up “T hank goodness it’s not a t o u r school,” she thought
The debate a t D aver sham College w as held in the Main Hall The whole school w as present The rows of unknow n faces seem ed to Carrie
to be w aiting for h er to fail Her h e art had never beaten so fast, an d a s
she w alked across the room w ith Alison an d Miss Forbes, h e r h a n d s
were shaking so m uch she could hardly hold th e pen an d p ap er she
was carrying
Alison opened the debate Although she had w ritten her speech out
in full, she rarely glanced a t the papers in front of her “She m u st have
learnt it by h e a rt,” th o ug h t Carrie admiringly Alison m ade som e
force-ful argum ents, h er points were clear, her tim ing w as excellent, and
there w as th u n d ero u s ap plause a s she sat down Carrie ju s t h a d time
to w hisper, “Well done, Ali G reat job!” before th e m ain speaker of the
opposing team stood up “Come on, Clare Dalton of D aversham
Col-lege,” th o u g ht Carrie “Say som ething ridiculous th a t I can easily argue
against.”
For the first thirty seconds of C lare’s speech, Carrie co u ld n ’t find any points to disagree with She stared a t h er blank piece of paper, and
dreaded w hat w ould happen if it rem ained blank for the whole five
m inutes Suddenly she found herself thinking, “W ait a m inute W hat
sh e’s ju s t said d oesn ’t m ake sense Does it? No, it doesn’t!” As quickly
as she could, she wrote down Clare’s exact w ords, an d m ade a note
next to them a s to why her point w as illogical “One or two m ore like
th a t,” th o u gh t Carrie, “and I’ll be able to m ake a speech after all.”
1 Carrie had chosen to join the Debating Club because it w a s _
A at the bottom of th e list of possible activities
B the only activity which d id n ’t take place outdoors
c the activity on the list she disliked least of all
D a chance to give speeches in front of strangers
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Trang 132 The following Thursday, Carrie realised, for th e first tim e t h a t
A she would actually have to speak in public
B she d id n ’t believe in capital p u nishm ent at all
c Miss Forbes would always decide the speakers
D she w as allowed to volunteer to be a speaker
3 M iss Forbes told Carrie, th a t C arrie’s m ain responsibility w ould be
t o _ :
A help Alison come up w ith a list of points to make
B w rite Alison’s speech for h er before the debate
c answ er th e opposition’s questions during the debate
D disagree w ith argu m en ts m ade by the opposing team :
4 Carrie w as glad the debate h ad been arranged a t ano th er school because
A she w ould be able to use a m icrophone there
B h er friends w ouldn’t be able to see h er fail,
c th e atm osphere w ould help h er succeed
D she h ad never taken p art in a debate there
5 In the Main Hall before the debate, Carrie felt th a t everyone in the room 1
A co.uld h e a r h er h eart beating
B w as looking a t h er h a n d s shaking,
c expected h e r to do badly
D knew she would drop h er things
6 Carrie was particularly im pressed th a t A lison _
A h ad w ritten h er speech on several pieces of paper
B had m ade so m any clear, forceful argum ents,
c d id n ’t look a t the papers in front of h er a t all
D h ad m em orised h er speech before th e debate
7 D uring C lare’s speech, Carrie w as surprised th a t s h e
A h ad found a point to m ake in her own speech
B w as able to rem em ber Clare’s exact words
c had tim e to m ake a note next to C lare’s words
D could m ake notes on the piece of paper so quickly
GLOSSASRY
- debating team ñội tranh iuận - to phrase diễn ñạt bằng từ ngữ
- to cross sth off gạch bỏ cái gì (trên 1 - argument lí lẽ
- Debating Club câu Lạc Bộ Tranh Luận - to make a fool of oneself biến mình
- membership sự trờ thành hội viên/ tư - to mess sth up íàm hòng bét cái gì cách hội viên - admiringly (adv) tỏ vẻ thán phục/ hâm
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Trang 14- to sink’ in hiện rõ: ỳ nghĩa'trong* ñề lí ai/ mộ ^
khịếri àỊ thấm ttiỉá ý nghia'.V- ~ forceful (adjýmạnh rriể
- capital punishment áa tử tìinh ' • -■- timinạ sự ñịnh gid'
- to argue in favour of sth ñưa ra lí- lẽ r opposing team ñội ñối thủ
ñể ung hộ cầi gì' • - illogical (adj) phi Iồ-gích> không hợp lí
83
Terry stood on deck a s the ferry slowly arrived a t the island He
w atched the sailors throw ropes to their colleagues on shore a n d theti
looked up a t th e villages of sm all white ho uses th a t dotted the m o u
n-tainside above the sm all town He was p lannin g a six-m onth stay,
m uch longer th a n the few days or w eeks th a t the noisy crow ds of to u
r-ists aro u n d him were planning He had given him self th a t long to write
a novel and he w as determ ined to succeed, w hatever the tem ptation s to
enjoy him self m ight be Leaving his life behind w as ju s t the thing he
needed, he thought, and th e island seem ed to him to be th e ideal place
for it He collected his things an d m ade his way onto the concrete quay
He w as im m ediately su rro und ed by local people, all rudely push ing each other o ut of the way to offer him a room th a t w as gu aran teed to
be “the cheapest in tow n”, although he knew th a t they cou ld n’t all be
th e cheapest Terry politely shook his head and peered aro u n d for the
Paradise Hotel and one “Mrs M agda” She had sounded quite intim
idat-ing on the phone, so w hen a young wom an approached him a n d quietly
asked in perfect English if he w as Terry Snow, he w a sn ’t su re how to
respond The w om an smiled and said: “Perhaps you were expecting my
m other? I hope you are not disappointed.”
,“N No, no Not a t all,” stam m ered Terry She picked u p one of his bags and they set off into the sm all town She asked him ab o u t his stay
and he told her th a t his plan was to stay a week a t the hotel while he
found more p erm an en t accom m odation
“Six m o nths is a long time to be on the island,” she said “You’ll find
it different in w inter Once, there was farm ing and fishing on the island
but' th ey ’ve practically disappeared Tourism is th e only source of in
-come and so few of the locals fancy sitting an d w atching w inter -come
w hen the to u rists leave, Almost all of them have second jo b s on the
m ainland an d the h e a rt h as been ripped ou t of the place.” “And you?”
Terry asked
“I w ent away to the m ainland for my education Since I cam e back, I stay here all year rou nd.” They stopped outside a hotel It rem inded
Terry of an old w om an who still m anaged to keep a certain air of
dig-nity It could do w ith a bit of pa in t and one of th e letters in the nam e
w as m issing, b u t it m u st have once been one of the m ost im pressive
buildings on the island Terry began to w onder ab o u t its decline and.BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 15w h at ca u sed it b u t realised th a t the young w om an w as w aiting for him
to say som ething
“I’m sorry,” he said “W hat did you say?”
“I ask ed you w h at you th o u g ht of th e hotel.” She looked a t it “Since Dad died, it h a s n ’t been the' same Mum gets a few of the local m en in
to help o u t every now and then, b u t you never do a s good a job when you’re being paid a s w hen it’s an a c t of love, do you? And D ad loved
th a t hotel It w as his gift to his grandchildren, he u sed to say Terry looked a t th e hotel again He felt th a t he h a d come som ew here w here buildings were m u ch m ore th an shelter Each brick held a stoiy ready
to be unlocked an d h e felt inspired ju s t by touch ing them If he felt like
th a t after su ch a sh o rt time, imagine w hat he m ight achieve in six
m onths
“Well, m aybe I could help ou t a bit, while I’m h e re,” he said, edly The young w om an nodded and said, “Maybe,” before leading the way into th e cool interior of th e hotel
excit-1 Terry th in k s th e island lo o k s _
A like it will be too noisy for him
B suitable for w h a t he w a nts to do
c too far from th e m ainland for him
D so relaxing th a t he will never do any work
2 Terry rejects th e offers of room s b e c a u s e _
A h e h a s h eard th a t it is easy to be cheated
B no one à sk s him politely to look a t a room,
c he h a s already booked somewhere
D he would ra th e r find a hotel himself
3 Terry is su rp rised w hen th e young w om an sp ea ks to him because
A she w as m u ch less attractive th a n he h a d hoped
B h e r English is b etter in real life th a n on th e phone,
c he w as expecting to m eet som eone different
D he th o ug ht he would have to find th e hotel on his own
4 The young w om an tells Terry t h a t _
A trad itio n al so u rces of money have becom e less im portant
B m ost local people are relieved w hen th e to u rists finally go
c people com plain ab o u t the effects of tourism on local industry
D som etim es to u rists find work and decide to stay longer
5 It seem s to Terry th a t th e h o te l _
A h a s never been a n attractive building
B h a s had work done on it recently
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Trang 16c m akes a n im pression on everyone who sees it
D u sed to be nicer th a n it is now
6 The young w om an says th a t one problem is t h a t _
A h er m o th er ca n no longer afford to pay people to w ork on the hotel
B nobody in the a rea is willing to do th is sort of work
c w orkm en are less careful w hen they d o n ’t own th e building
D some people p retend to enjoy the w ork an d th e n do it badly
7 Terry is excited by th e idea o f _
A finally doing some physical work in stead of ju s t w riting
B getting ideas for his w ork from the things aro u n d him
c spending six m onths researching the history of the island
D building a ho use of his own on th e island one day
- concrete (adj) bằng xi măng/ bê tông
- quay câu tàu
- rudely (adv) một cách thô lỗ
- to peer nheo mắt nhìn kĩ
- to sound nghe tiếng có vẻ
- intimidating (adj) khiến ai phải e dè/
sơ hãi
- to sỉammer nói lắp bắp
- practically (adv) gần như, hầu như
- locals người dânñịa phương
Ask a hu n d re d com edians w hat the secret of good comedy is, an d
y o u ’re gu aran teed th a t a t least ninetv-nine of them will come u p w ith
the sam e response: timing Although th is is undoubtedly tru e, it is not
the com plete answ er, a s w hat exactly good com edy is should, surely,
involve the concept of m aking people laugh Successful politicians also
have, to have good timing, b u t m ost of them w ould soon face an em pty
audience if they ever chose to perform a t a com edy club
So w hat is th e secret of good com edy? There clearly is n ’t one straigh t
answ er, b u t th e re ’s no doubt th a t m uch of m odern B ritish h u m o u r
re-lies on com edy throu gh language, com edians like Charlie C haplin an d
Benny Hill an d present-day ch aracte rs like Mr B ean being p a rt of a
dif-ferent tradition of “slapstick” comedy th a t relies on the physical ra th e r
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Trang 17The jo ke is the m o st obvious example of language comedy With lan guage comedy, how you p h ra se w h at you’re saying - particularly the
-“p u n ch lin e”, th e final line of a joke th a t draw s the laugh - is m ore
im-po rtan t th a n w hat y o u ’re saying Take this trad itional d ouble-act joke:
F irst m an: I say, I say, I say My wife’s gone to th e C aribbean
F irst m an: No, she w ent of h er own accord
Ignoring the fact th a t it’s not particularly funny to m o dem ears (if it ever w as funny), a t first sight it ap pe ars th a t th e h u m o u r re sts in the fact th a t “Ja m a ic a ” is confused for “D ’you m ake h er?”, i.e “Did you
m ake her go to th e C aribbean?” Try p u ttin g a different final line on the joke, though “No, she chose to go.” co ntain s exactly th e sam e m eaning
b u t, well, it’s ju s t not a s funny, is it? It’s all'in the phrasing
This may be one of the reaso n s why B ritish h u m o u r do e sn ’t tra n s late into other languages very well W hen one tra n slate s, one keeps the
-m eaning b u t th e p h rasin g changes, losing th e basis of th e hu-m ou r
The second secret of comedy to my m ind is characterisatio n By this,
I m ean the creation of a character, or ch aracters, by th e com edian thro u gh w hich the jokes or stories are told Comedy is acting and , like any play, a great script in the wrong h a n d s can be a d isa ste r a n d a te r-rible script in an expert’s h a n d s can be m ade into som ething quite spe-cial
I rem em ber a s a child w atching th e com edian Peter Sellers being in terviewed on the P arkinson show Michael Parkinson, the studio au d i-ence, an d my p a re n ts w atching with me a t hom e were crying with -laughter a t everything th a t Sellers did or said I sat there thinking:
-“He’s ju s t waving a han d k erch ief around Nobody laug h s w hen 1 do
th at Why are they laughing a t him ?” I now know w h at I d id n’t know
th en - th a t he w as a comic genius, an d I’m not And by th a t, I m ean
th a t he h ad the ability to create ch aracte rs th a t people found genuinely funny, w hatever they did He could have sa t there in silence and people would still have been laughing And - let’s be clear - even th o u gh Sell-ers w as app earing on a ch a t show supposedly as himself, he was in character As anyone w ho’s read the biography of Peter Sellers by Roger Lewis knows, Sellers off-stage w as a n incredibly violent a n d difficult
m an
So is it possible to learn to be a com edian, or is it ju s t a n a tu ra l ta
l-en t? There m ay well be people who will never, ever succeed a t being professional com edians however h ard they try Very few of u s will ever
be a n E instein, Mozart or S h akesp eare in o ur respective fields ever, all com edians will tell you th a t th e m ore experience you get, the more experienced, an d therefore th e better, you become And they’re
How-n o t jokiHow-ng
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Trang 181 In th e first;paragrapfcL, the w riter suggests th a t p o litic ia n s _
• Ạ ofíèrỊ'ổtÌẹmịi^ hum ọỉur in their ,speeches >
c ẹ L r e - ư ^ d : ‘ Ị o : f a , ắ n g l e m p t ỳ ' R ụ ặ ỉ e n c e s : Í ' V - ' '
.";: •DA;à're'nố;;goọd:^ ^
2 According to the-'text, “slapstick” com edy - V
Ậ does not m a k e,u se of language to be funny.
• B: is different to the comedy of Benny Hill
G is only, found in m odern B ritish hum our
D does no t exist in Britain anym ore
3 The w riter tells th e joke ab o u t J a m aic a t o _
A d em o n strate how m any old jo kes are n o t funny today
B explain why m any jo kes need two people to tell them
c show how th e a c tu a l words used in a joke are im portant
D point o u t th a t some jokes contain confusing p h rases
4 W hether a comedy a c t is “a d isaste r” or “som ething quite special”
dep en d s o n _
A the quality of the script being performed
B th e ability of th e perform er to p erfo rm '
c how m uch th e act is like a play
D which c h a rac te r tells which joke
5 W atching the P arkinson show, the w riter did n o t u n d e rs ta n d why
A Peter Sellers w as doing the thing s he w as doing
B nobody w as laughing a t him a t th a t m om ent,
c Peter Sellers was a comic genius an d he w a sn ’t
D everyone laughed a t Sellers doing ordinary things
6 The w riter m entions a book by Roger Lewis t o _
A enable people to find out more inform ation a b o u t Peter Sellers
B prove th a t he h a d n 't m ade u p the story ab o u t Peter Sellers
c m ake it clear th a t Peter Sellers often played u n p le a sa n t ch a ra c ters
-D em phasize th a t Peter Sellers w as acting d u rin g the c h a t show
7 In the final parag rap h, the w riter m akes the point t h a t _
A none of u s can learn to be good com edians
B all co m edians’ skills improve th rou gh practice
c it's not w orth trying to become a professional com edian
D E instein, Mozart an d S h akespeare w eren’t com edians
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Trang 19- secret 1) ñiều bí mật 2) bí quyết
- comedy hài kich
- comedian dien viên.hài
- concept quan niệm
- a straight answer một câu trả lời ñơn giản
- humour óc/tính hài hước
“ slapstick comedy loại hài kịch sử dụng ñộng tác chọc cười
- verbal (adj) thuộc/ bằng lời nói
- punchline câu kết bất ngờ có tác dụng gây cười cùa màn tấu hài
I tend to th in k weVe got enough w ords already an d if we only used them properỉv we w ouldn’t need to come up w ith new ones
There is a fairly new word, though, which I h eard for the first tim e only a year or two ago I believe it’s American in origin, which m akes it all the more surprising th a t I’ve added it to my vocabulary And, Ĩ m u st point out, it’s not unwillingly th a t I’ve accepted an d em braced it I h on -estly cannot imagine how I got through eighty-two years of life w ithout
it Looking back, I can see occasion after occasion w here the word would have been useful, where its existence m ight actually have changed thin gs for the better, because to define som ething is to u n d er-stan d it, an d be able to change it The word is: nimby
For those of you who are still unaw are of th is word, let me explain A nimby is a person who does not w ant som ething su ch a s a new b uild-ing or road built n ea r w here they live It’s not th a t they c a n ’t see the value of the building project; often they can They ju s t w ant it built som ew here else - som ew here th a t w on’t distu rb th eir peace an d quiet
a t hom e If you have an in terest in language, you may like to know th a t nim by is an acronym , its letters being formed from the first letters of the w ords “Not In My Back Yard”
I have lived in the sam e sm all village in S ussex (population: 2,500) for over 30 years I had always th o u g ht I w as su rro un d ed by neighbours, friends an d fellow lovers of ru ra l life Now I have discovered
I am su rro u n d ed with a few notable exceptions by nim bys (or “nim ble s”, opinion seem s to be divided on the plural) The village is a t war with itself, and, unfortunately, the nimbys are winning A few of u s are fighting them , though, an d I am confident th a t we shall win eventually
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Trang 20The w ar is over a proposed new com m unity centre I see it - a s any
sensible per sop s h o u l d ; a m uch-needed, addition to th e village It
w ould be a plậce for the -youth of tile-village -to m eet a t nigh t a n d would,
frankly, help keepthem.; ỒUÍ o f trouble It would be a place for p en sion
-ers like m e to go for a coffee a n d c h a t in the m ornings It would have
m eeting rooms', a cafe, spo rts facilities, a sm all stage for perform ances,
even a gym It would create jobs How could anyone oppose it? B u t of
cou rse for nim bys, th e issu e is n o t th a t th e village d o e sn ’t need a com
-m unity centre I th in k I’-m right in saying th a t every single one of th e-m
su p p o rts the con cept in principle They ju s t d o n ’t w a n t it n ext to th eir
house
There are four possible sites This m ean s there are four groups of
nimbys E ach group w a nts th e centre to be b uilt in one of th e three
sites th a t are n o t n ea r th e ir own houses While they fight am ongst
them selves, the cen tre is not being built It could have opened six
m o nth s ago, if th e village h ad un ited an d backed th e proposals The
money - all £25 0 ,00 0 of it - is sitting in a b an k ac co u nt w aiting to be
spent Some d o u b t it ever will
For me, th e cam paign goes on an d I have one key stren g th One of
the proposed sites is alm ost right next door to my house Am I terrified
th a t th ere will be busloads of people arriving in the m iddle of th e night
an d distu rb in g my sleep? No, I am not Am I afraid th a t all th e y o u th s
leaving the cen tre w hen it closes will sm ash my window s a n d burgle my
h ouse? No, I am not Am I worried th a t a com m unity centre next door
will decrease th e value of my ho use? No, I am not Am I p rou d th a t I
am not an d never will be a nim by? Yes, I am
1 In th e first p arag rap h, the w riter says th a t h e _
A recognises the im portance of inventing new words
B believes he can stop th e invention of new words
c th in k s th e invention of new words is u nn ecessary
D is very careful to always use new w ords properly
2 The word “nim by” is now u sed by the w riter despite the fact t h a t
A it originally cam e from th e USA
B he w as unwilling a t first to u se it
c it would have been more useful in th e past
D he c a n 't u n d e rsta n d exactly w hat it m eans
3 The w riter suggests th a t a nimby w ould n’t o p p o s e _
A w orthw hile co nstructio n in th eir neighbourhood
B co nstru ctio n in th eir neighbourhood if it’s quiet
c co nstru ctio n in o th er people’s neighbourhoods
D any co n stru ctio n th a t ad d s value to th eir life
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 214 The w riter h a s re c e n tly _
A discovered th a t he h a s new neighbours
B le arn t the tru th about his neighbours,
c realised he is alone in his struggle
D become more confident ãbout winning
5 The word “frankly” in parag raph five em phasises t h a t _
A the centre would solve all the problem s caused by young people
B there are very few young people living in the village anyway,
c m ost people do not believe the centre would be used a t night
D young people in the village do som etim es get into trouble atpresent
6 The four groups of n im b y s _ _
A agree th a t the village doesn’t need a new centre
B have agreed w here the centre should not be built,
c disagree ab o u t w here the centre should be built
D agree th a t one of the four sites is acceptable
7 The first three questions which the w riter ask s in the final p a ra graph _
-A dem onstrate how courageous the w riter is
B help show u s w hat nim bys are scared of
c suggest th a t nim bys som etim es use violence
D show th a t th e w riter h a s a very secure house
- to change things for the better, làm cho mọi sự trở nên tốt ñẹp hơn
- acronym từ viết tắt thành âm tiết ñọc
- proposed (adj) ñang ñược ñề xuất
- community centre trung tâm sinh hoạt cộng ñồng
- much-needed (ádj) ñang ñược mong mỏi
- addition to món bổ sung cho
- frankly (adv) thành thực mà nói
- to keep sb out of trouble giúp ai tránh ñược rắc rối
- pensioner người lãnh lương hưu
- gym nhà tập thể dụe
- in principle về mặt nguyên tắc
- terrified (adj) sợ hãi
- busloads of những chuyến xe buýt chở ñầy
- to smash ñập nát
- to burgle a house ăn trộm một ngôi
nhàBỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 228 6 SMART EXERCISE
Are you preparin g for a big test? If so, you m ay w an t to go play some
b asketball in betw een hitting th e books Doctors are sta rtin g to find
more and m ore: inform ation th a t suggests a connection betw een
exer-cise an d brain developm ent Ju d y Cam eron, a scien tist a t Oregon
H ealth an d Science University, studies b rain developm ent According to
h er research, it seem s th a t exercise can m ake blood vessels, including
those in th e b rain, stronger an d m ore fully developed Dr Cam eron
claim s th is allows people who exercise to co n cen trate better As she
says, “While we already know th a t exercise is good for th e h e a rt,
exer-cise can literally c au se physical ch an g es in th e b ra in ”
The effects of exercise on b rain developm ent can even be seen in b a
-bies Babies who do activities th a t require a lot of m ovem ent a n d phy
si-cal activity show g reater b rain developm ent th a n babies who are less
physically active With babies, even a little m ovem ent can show big re
-sults M argaret B arnes, a pediatrician, believes in th e im portance of
exercise She th in k s th a t m any learning disabilities th a t children have
in elem entary school or high school can be traced bac k to a lack of
m ovem ent as babies- "Babies need m ovem ent th a t stim u la te s th eir five
senses They need to 'establish a connection between m otion a n d m em
-ory In th is way, a s they get older, children will begin to associate
physical activity with higher learning,” says M argaret
Older people can beef u p th eir b ra in s as well Cornell University
studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine
Their study showed a sh o rt-term m em oiy increase of u p to 40 p ercent
after exercising ju s t th ree h o u rs a week The exercise does n o t have to
be very difficult, b u t it does have to increase the h e a rt rate Also, ju s t
like th e m otion for infants, exercise for older people shou ld involve
some complexity Learning some new skills or m otions, s u c h a s with
yoga or tai-chi, helps to open u p mem ory p a th s in the b rain th a t m ay
not have been u sed for a long time
For m ost people, any type of physical activity th a t in creases the
h e a rt rate is helpful The m ain goal is to increase th e b ra in ’s flow of
blood And y o u r b rain ca n benefit from as little a s two to th ree h o u rs of
exercise a week
1 W hat is th e m ain idea of th is reading?
A How to exercise
B How exercise helps th e brain
c How to get good scores on a te st
D How th e brain can change
2 According to th e reading, w hat is the connection betw een exercise
an d brain developm ent?
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 23A Exercise m akes u s stupid.
B: The b rain need s special m ental exercise
G The m ore exercise, th e bigger the brain
D Physical exercise helps u s th in k better
3 The m inim um am o u n t of exercise required to gain any benefit is
A th ree h o u rs per week
B 40 h o u rs p er week
c th ree h o u rs p er day
D 40 h o u rs p er m onth.4 Why is yoga recom m ended for seniors?
A It is easy on joints
B It does not increase the h ea rt rate,
c It can be done in groups
D It includes learning new motions
5 W hat type of patients, does a pediatrician probably tre a t?
A Poor people
B Children
c Animals D Old people
GLOSSARY
- to hit the books bắt tay vào việc học thật chăm chi
- blood vessel mạch máu
- paediatrician bác sĩ nhi khoa
- learning disability chứng thiểu năng
It h ad all started in th e m id-m orning break, when- D am ian and a couple of his friends were discussing w hat to do ab o u t F ran k Rice
F rank Rice w as a bully and the whole school knew it The question was, should they tell a m em ber of staff the next tim e F rank picked on one of them ? D am ian thought they should Chris and Will th o u gh t th a t
- motion sự chuyển ñộng, ñộng tác
- to beef up sth tăng cưdng cái gì
- senior người cao tuồi, bậc lão thành
- short-term memory trí nhớ ngắn hạn
- heart rate nhịp tim
- infant trẻ sơ sinh
- complexity sự/ ñộ phức.tạp
- tai-chi thái cực [môn thể dục dưỡngsinh] •
- flow dòng chảy, dòng lưu thông
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 24they sh o u ld n ’t As they w ere arguing, D am ian said: “We’ve got to do
som ething H e’s m aking people’s lives a m isery It c a n ’t go on like th is.”
There w as silence w hen Chris replied: “Well, h e ’s n ot th e only one, you
know! You should tak e a look in the m irror, D am ian, before accusing
other people You’re not perfect, yoil know.”
D am ian w as so shocked, he d id n ’t know how to reply He d id n ’t
know w here to begin Finally, he m anaged to ask: “W hat on ea rth do
you m ean? You’re not suggesting I’m a bully, are you? How am I like
Frank Rice?”
Will explained “No, y o u ’re no t like F rank Rice a t all C hris d id n ’t
m ean th at You don't hit people, you d o n ’t w an t to be horrible an d
nasty You’re usually ju s t trying to be funny, b u t som etim es the thing s
you say do h u rt people Quite often, in fact.”
“Give me an exam ple,” said D am ian
“Well, tak e yesterday, for exam ple,” said Will, “w hen we were in the changing room after football You kept saying how C hris w as su ch a
terrible goalie, you seriously w ondered if h e ’d been bribed by the other
team ”
“I w as only joking!” protested D amian “You know th a t, C hris, d o n ’t you? I w as only teasing.” “T h at’s exactly the point,” said Will “You were
teasing Chris And you do th a t a lot It's n ot very nice, you know I
could see th a t Chris w as u pset, even if you d id n ’t notice.”
“Were you, C hris?”
“Well, I c a n ’t say I enjoyed it, to be honest And Will’s right You do seem to do it a lot.”
The bell rang, and they w ent off to class D am ian found it h ard to concentrate for the re st of the m orning The conversation h e ’d h ad with
Will an d C hris kept coming back to h a u n t him W as he a bully? If he
was, he certainly d id n ’t m ean to be B ut th ere w as no escap ing 'th e fact
th at two very good friends of his th ou ght th a t his com m ents often h u rt
them
At lunch, D am ian, a s usu al, sat next to C hris an d Will “Guys, I’ve been thinking ab o u t w hat we were talking ab o u t earlier an d I th in k
yo u’re right I ju s t w ant to say th a t I’m really, really sorry Y ou’re my
best friends, an d I’d never do anything to h u rt you on purpose I can
see th a t Ĩ do som etim es say things th a t would u p se t you, an d I’m going
to m ake a real effort n ot to do th a t from now on Still friends?”
“Of course we are, D am ian,” said Chris “B ut th a n k s.”
“No problem ,” said Will
In the changing room th a t afternoon after football practice, D am ian,BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 25C hris a n d Will were discussing th e game Will h ad fallen over the ball
a t one point, a n d D am ian w as ju s t ab o u t to m ake a joke ab o u t it when
he stopped himself “Am I allowed to say som ething like th a t? ” he
th o u g h t to himself “We are friends We’ve got to be able to joke with each other Or is it too n asty ?” D am ian decided n o t to say anything on this occasion, b u t he began to realise th a t keeping his prom ise to Chris
an d Will w ould n ot be a s easy a s he'd thought
1 From th e first paragra p h we learn th a t D am ian h a s _
A som etim es been bullied by other people
B never th o u g h t ab o u t bullying before
G briefly considered bullying his classm ates
D only been bullied once in his life
2 The boys disagree ab o u t w hether
A F rank will bully them again in the future
B they sho u ld have told a teach er ab o u t Frank,
c F ran k is m aking people feel very m iserable
D to tell a teach er if F rank bullies them again
3 W hen Chris tells D am ian to "take a look in the m irror”, he m eans
D am ián sho uld :
A look a t w h at F ran k h a s done to him
B tak e m ore care w ith h is appearance,
c th in k ab o u t h is own behaviour
D rem em ber th a t no one is perfect
4 Will’s e x p lan atio n to D am ian sug gests th a t F ra n k R ic e _
A never tries to m ake people laugh
B sometimes uses physical violence,
c d o esn ’t w a n t to be n asty either
D only u se s language to h u r t people
5 The exam ple from th e previous day th a t Will gives show s t h a t
A Will th in k s it is extrem ely funny w hen D am ian tease s Chris
B D am ian only teases C hris an d never m akes jo kes ab o u t Will,
c D am ian's jo k es ab o u t Chris an d Will can som etim es be cruel
D Chris gets more u p se t by D am ian’s com m ents th a n Will does
6 D am ian finds it difficult to concentrate in class b ecau se h e _
A is angry h is friends have accused him of being a bully
B believes he will never be friends w ith C hris a n d Will again
c is continually looked a t by Will an d C hris du rin g th e lessons
D c a n ’t stop thinking ab o u t w hat h e ’s been accu sed of
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 267., In the c h a n g ^ g 'room ^D a#.i& ;:"iindexstan.ds th a t
■ A it is difficult td 'b al^ c^ m aJiH ig 3okes;:w ith being nice
B he' haặ- ^ ẹ a ñ ý ^ b ^ ^ ệ - ^ Ị ĩ x r p i m ^ Ị Q ^ h r i s a n d Will,
c keeping his promise; TS fee-m ostim portant thing to him
D stopping him self;from saying.n a sty thing s will be im possible
misery sự khổ sở/ khốn khổ - ing room phòng thay.quần áo goalie thủ môn
That night as E aston w alked home th ro ug h th e rain he felt very d
e-pressed It h a d been a very bad sum m er for m ost people a n d he h ad
not fared b ette r th a n the rest A few weeks w ith one firm, a few days
w ith ano ther, th en ou t of ạ job, th en on again for a m o n th p erhap s,
an d so on
William E aston w as a m an of m edium height, ab o u t 23 years old,
w ith fair h a ir an d m o ustache and blue eyes His clothes, though
shabby, were clean an d n eat b u t the holes in his shoes m ade it painful
to walk
He w as m arried: his wife w as a young w om an w hose acq u ain tan ce
he had m ade w hen he happened to be employed w ith o thers painting
th e outside of the h ouse w here she w as a general servant E aston h ad
been in no hu rry to m arry for he knew th a t, taking good tim es w ith
bad, h is w ages did not average a pound a week However, after going
out for 18 m o n th s they were finally m arried
T hat w as a year ago
As a single m an he h ad never troubled m uch if he h ap p e n ed to be
ou t of work He always had enough to live on an d pocket m oney b
e-sides, b u t now th a t he w as m arried it w as different; the fear of being
“o u t” h a u n ted him all the time
He h ad sta rted for R ushton an d Co on the previous M onday after
having been idle for three w eeks and, a s the ho use w here he w as w
orking h ad to be done right through, he had con gratulated him self on h av
-ing secured a jo b th a t w ould la st till C hristm as; b u t he now began to
fear th a t w hat h ad happened to J a c k Linden - a m aster craftsm an -
m ight also h ap p e n to him self a t any time He w ould have to be very
Trang 27careful n o t to offend Bill C rass in any way He w as afraid th a t the latter did not like him very m uch a s it was He knew th a t C rass could get him the sack a t any time an d would not scruple to do so if he w anted to
m ake room for some pal of his
C rass, th e forem an, w as quite w ithout special abilities; he was if anythin g inferior to the majority of the m en he supervised Even so, he pretended to know everything, and the vague references h e w as in the
h ab it o f’ m aking to “ton es” an d “sh ad es” an d “harm ony” h ad so im pressed Frederick H u n ter th a t the latter w as completely tak en in It was by p u sh in g him self forward in th is way th a t C rass h a d m anaged to get him self p u t in charge of the work
-Although C rass did a s little a s possible himself, he took care to work the oth ers h ard Any m an who failed to satisfy him w as reported to
H u n ter a s being “no good” or “too slow for a funeral” an d w as then' pensed w ith a t th e end of the week Knowing this, all the workers feared an d hated the wily'Crass
dis-Some, by giving him pipefuls of tobacco an d p in ts of beer, m anaged
to stay in C ra ss’s favour an d often kept th eir jo b s w hen b etter m en were dism issed
As he w alked hom e th ro ugh the rain thinking of these things,
E aston realized th a t it w as not possible to foresee w hat a day or even
an h o u r m ight bring
1 As he walked hom e, E aston felt depressed b e c a u s e _
A it h ad been a bad sum m er for m ost people, including him
B he w as afraid of losing his job
c he had recently got m arried, despite his low wages
D his sho es were worn o u t an d his feet were hurting
2 The fifth p arag ra p h m entions E a sto n ’s fear of being “o u t” Is th is afear o f _
A being unem ployed?
B n o t having any money?
c having now here to live?
D falling o u t w ith h is wife?
3 The m o st senior person m entioned in th e passage i s _
Trang 284 C rass got'.his^Qsition^'beeau se H unter tho ug ht h e :w as good at
B m anaging Qther'people
c u n d e rsta n d in |:q o lo u r schem es
D repairing or decorating houses
5 To keep h is job, anyone w orking u n d e r C rass h ad to ;
A work hard
B give him p resents
c take care n o t to offend him
D m ake room for h is “p a ls”
6 C rass w as _
A a skilful w orker b u t lazy
B not very skilful b u t h a rd working,
c no t very skilful an d also lazy
D a skilful m an a n d a h a rd worker
7 A good title for the passage would b e _
A Forem an C rass B An U ncertain F utu re,
c Too Slow for a Funeral D A M iserable Walk
- general servant người giúp việc nhả
- to take good times with bad lấy lúc
khẩm khá bù cho lúc túng thiếu
- to average ñạt ñược số bình quân là
- to trouble bận tâm
- idle (adj) nhàn rỗi/ ăn không ngồi rồi
- to do right through a house trang trí
cho xong một cáí Jihà
- to secure sth nắm vững/ câm chắc/
kiếm ñược cái gì
- master craftsman thợ thủ công tay
nghề cao/ vào hạng bậc thầy
- to offend làm mất lòng
- to give sb the sack sa thải ai
- to scruple to do sth ngại ngùng không
nữa/ mà trái ỉại còn
- inferior to sb (adj) thua kém ai
- to supervise giám sát, cai quàn
- vague (adj) mơ hồ
- tones, shades, harmony [nói về trang trí/ sơn nhà cửa] những cách phối màu, các sắc ñộ, sự hài hòa màu sắc
- to put sb in charge of sth giao cho ai phụ trách việc gì
- to be taken in bị lừa dõi
- to work sb hard bắt ai làm việc vãt vả
- to be dispensed with bị vút bỏ/ bị loại
- wily (adj) xảo trá, quỷ quyệt
- a pipeful of tobacco một ống tẩu nhồi ñầy thuốc hút
- pint [ñung tích] một panh (= 0.57 lít ở
- to stay in sb's favour vẫn ñược lòng
ai, vẫn ñược ai ủng hộ/ bênh vực
- senior (adj) (vai vế) ờ cấp cao hơn, ỏ cấp trên
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 2989 ALL IN A DAY’S WORK
reported by Jenny Paterson
When most people are asked to describe their job, their description does not clude running through burning buildings and jumping out of tenth floor windows!
in-Being a stuntperson, however, is no ordinary job! Last week, i was lucky enough
to meet Stanley Pilot, who has been working as a stuntman for over twenty years.
He was kind enough to agree to see me during his short stay in London.
Q O ur readers w ould love to find ou t how you got started a s a s tu n
t-m an Had you alw ays w anted to do th is kind of work?
A Well, actually, it took me a while to realise th a t th is w as the job for
me You see, w hen I w as a child, I w as alw ays th e one to climb the highest trees in the neighbourhood The others w ould w atch an x -iously to see if I w as going tó survive my latest stu n t My mother,
an d I got used to spending m ost w eekends in the local ch ild ren ’s hospital! I rem em ber h er saying to me on my sixteenth birthday,
“You’re too old for th is now; Stanley; next tim e, y o u’re on your own.”
Q W hat did she m ean?
A Sh e’d h ad enough! She thou ght I w as old enough to know w hat was dangerous She m ade m e realise th at, although I loved doing d an -gerous things, I needed some guidance T hat sum m er I joined the local m ountaineering club and, from th en on, nothing could stop me
Q W hat other spo rts did you learn?
A You nam e it, I’ve done it! Actually, I w as learning w hitew ater rafting
w hen I applied for my first job David, one of the oth ers on the course, told me th a t he worked a s a s tu n tm a n for a sm all inde-pend en t film com pany th a t had been filming on location in our area
Q Did you get a job there, too?
A Yes, I w as very lucky David took me along one day, an d I showed
th em w hat I could do The director liked w h at he saw, an d I got my first job!
Q W as it easy to find work after th at?
A No, it w a sn ’t! To be fair, the film com pany w as a great help, b u t even so, Ĩ d id n ’t find any work for a long time It got easier w hen I’d been in a few films, though I m et other stu n tm en an d m ade some good friends Actually, one of the people who h a s helped me a lot
h a s done s tu n ts for Clint Eastwood
Q Do you have a favourite stu n t?
A Yes, I really enjoyed jum ping o u t of a helicopter in the Alps Words
c a n ’t describe the thrill you feel as you fall th rough the air
Al-th ough you are only in Al-the air for a few seconds It feels like forever!
BỒI DƯỠNG TOÁN - LÍ - HÓA CẤP 2+3 1000B TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO TP.QUY NHƠN
Trang 30Q Your job; m u st be very dan gero us Have, you ever b een seriously in
-ju red ?
A Apart from a few broken bones, no I u sed to be foolish a n d th in k “It
; will never h ap p en to me!” Some people say I’ve been lucky., b ụ t for
y ears I’ve m ade su re th a t th e com pany I work for h a s a good safety record A good com pany can tak e days to set u p a s tu n t w hich may tak e only a few m in u tes to film - I’m- u se d to w aiting on film se ts for
h o u rs an end I t’s b e tter th a n risking y o u r life b ecau se y o u ’re too
im patient
Q T h a t’s veiy sensible W hat would you say to people in terested in
th is line of work?
A I’d tell th em it’s h a rd work, b u t th a t th ere are plenty of op p o rtu
ni-ties in the film industry Go for
it!-1 W hen did the stu n tm a n m eet the interviewer? While
A he w as living in London
-B he was visiting London
c he w as w orking in London
D she w as visiting London
2 Why did the children w atch him ? T h ey _
A w anted him to fall from the tree
B w anted him to go to hospital
c w anted to see him doing his s tu n t
D were worried h e m ight get h u rt
3 When he took u p m o u n tain eerin g , _
A he w as sixteen
B he w ent to hospital,
c he found a job
D som eone tried to stop him
4 How did David help Stanley?
A He gave him a job a s a stu n tm a n
B He told him ab o u t the course,
c He told h im he h ad got a job
D He took him to see the director
5 Finding work w a s _
A easy b ecau se the film com pany helped
B difficult bec au se no one helped
c very difficult in the beginning
D easy w hen h e ’d been in a film
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Trang 316 How long w as Stanley in the air?
A Less th a n a m inute
c A long tim e
B, More th a n a m inute
D Forever
7 How h a s Stanley avoided serious injury?
A He h as a good safety record
B He h a s never broken any bones,
c He is careful who he works for
D He h a s been lucky
GLOSSASRY
T Stuntman diễn viên ñóng thế (các hành ñộng nguy hiểm), cascadeur
- stunt hành ñộng nguy hiểm
- to have had enough of sth ñã chán ngấy cá í gì
- mountaineering club câu iạc bộ leo núi
- You name i t , Nhiều iắm không kể ra hểt ñược/ Bạn cứ việc kê’ tên ra bất kì thứ gỉ thì thứ ñó tôi cũng ñã (làm rồi)
90
- w hitewater rafting môn bơi xuồng
trên sôngrchày xiết
- to film on location quay phim tại thực ñịa (không phải quay trong phim
- helicopter máy bay trực thăng
- the Alps rặng núi Alps
- thrill cảm giác hồi hộp thích thú
- film set bộ ñạo cụ ñề ñóng phim
- for (hours) ọn enñ suốt hàng giờ liền
- to go for sth lựa chọn cái gì
BODY TALK
by M àrk EvansYou will probably laugh w hen I tell you th a t my interest in body lan -guage w as sparked by a favourite professor of m ine a t university He
m entioned “Pinocchio Syndrom e” to me one w intry m orning after claim ing th a t I always rubbed my nose w hen giving excuses for being late to his lectures Apparently, w hen som eone tells a lie, th e p erso n ’s blood
-ru sh e s to the nose an d the extra blood m akes it itchy So if you think som eone is not being entirely honest w ith you, perhap s like my profes-sor you should w atch to see if they scratch their nose! This little exam -ple of non-verbal com m unication inspired me to becom e a body lan -guage expert
Now, I earn my living by training people in non-verbal com m tion Knowing w hen someone is lying and knowing how to convince people y ou ’re telling the tru th are two of the m ost im portant skills
unica-yo u’ll ever learn For examplei lawyers build their rep utatio n on their deductive skills w hen cross-exam ining in court, while politicians need
to rely on th eir powers of persuasion to gain support
I have dedicated my life to studying th e w ays the h u m an body gives more reliable inform ation th an the w ords we speak The w ords say one thing b u t the body may say som ething completely different This is the
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Trang 32theory of body language an d m ost of u s are fam iliar w ith th e basics We
know th a t crossed arm s can be seen as either defensive or aggressive,
b u t w hat ab o u t facial expressions, gestures, p ostu re, a n d the in to n
a-tion an d rhy thm of o u r speech? All of th ese speak volum es a n d can be
und erstood if you only know how to m ake sen se of the signs
Take the eyes, for example If I told you a lie, you w ould probably
expect me to look aw av ra th e r th a n look you full in the face
However, th is is not, as com monly th oug ht, the su re sign of a lie,
b u t the reflexive m ovem ents we m ake w hen we are trying to rem em ber
som ething B ecause of this, glancing away is no t as easy to in terp ret as
you m ight believe A, good liar is no t searching h is m em ory for the
tru th , so he can quite easily look you straigh t in the eyes a s he sp eaks
to m ake the lie m ore convincing H ere’s a tip, though W atch the pupil
of the eye; does it change size? If it gets bigger, th is ĨỒ probably an in-
voluntaiy sign th a t som ething is being hidden
Body language is som ething th a t the m ajority of u s can n o t control;
it’s w hat escapes w hen w e’re concentrating on som ething else I m ight
think I’m creating a good im pression because my voice is strong an d
steady an d my speech is clear, b u t the sw eat pouring off my forehead
and my constantly m oving feet say otherw ise
B usiness clients are constantly in need of my services a n d I try to
improve th eir confidence in them selves by teaching them ab o u t body
language I give advice ab out h an d sh a k es, w hich should alw ays be firm
and steady, an d I teach the im portance of personal space, explaining
th a t people who live in w arm clim ates stan d a lot closer to one a n o th er
th a n people in cooler clim ates They m ay seem like m inor m atters, b u t
th ese codes of behaviour can be the key to m aking or breaking a b u
si-ness deal
My w orking life gives me a great deal of satisfaction I feel th a t I’m
providing a public service, b u t it is a service th a t h a s h ad its dow nside
W henever I m eet som eone new an d I tell them w hat I do for a living,
they im m ediately p u t th eir guard up and th ey ’re no longer relaxed
They quite literally freeze in the attem p t to hide all the signals th a t they
assu m e I’m reading It m akes life difficult a t tim es, b u t I consider it a
sm all price to pay for a job I enjoy so m uch
1 The w riter originally becam e interested in body language b ecau se
A of a com m ent som eone m ade to him
B he w anted to know why people tell lies
c he w anted to learn, m ore about “Pinocchio Syndrom e”
D h is professor recom m ended the subject to him
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Trang 332 According to the w riter, non-verbal com m unication is im portant
b e c a u s e _
A it helps lawyers to bé more skilful
B politicians need to know w hen people are lying
c it can help m ake people believe w hat you tell them
D it provides a unique way of earning one’s living
3 W hat does the w riter assu m e ab out his readers?
A They are able to change their intonation
B They need to develop good posture,
c They Uổe only w ords to com m unicate
D They know som ething about the subject
4 According to the w riter, it is not easy to recognise w hen som eone islying b e c a u s e _
A they have a n hon est look on th eir face
B they move their eyes very rapidly
c listeners read th eir body language incorrectly
D listeners do not look into their eyes
5 To have a positive effect on someone, you should try to avoid _
A m aking any facial expressions
B having any involuntary reactions,
c giving the im pression of not caring
D moving your legs ab o u t too m uch
6 W hat is the m ost im portant thing for businessm en to learn?
A th e laws of a particu lar country
B the correct way to behave
c the necessity of being polite
D the skill of appearing confident
7 Why do people react in a negative way w hen they m eet the writer?
A They th in k he is too self-confident
B They assu m e th a t he is always lying,
c They have h eard abo ut him previously
D They believe he is studying them
8 W hat do we learn ab o u t the w riter from the passage?
A He m akes a lot of money from his job
B He travels the world giving advice,
c He is dedicated to his work
D He train s body language experts
GLOSSARY
- body language ngôn ngữ cơ thể - aggressive (adj) có thái ñộ gây hấn,
- to spark làm khởi phát chực tấn công
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Trang 34Pinocchio Syndrome Họị-ẹhứng ttiằóg;
người gỗ Pĩnoạdiiọ ĩkhi Tìó'nói -ñối thì ^
■ mũi nỏ ñài ra] ■v ■ /
wintry (añj) lạnh giầ ■ ■
to rub chà xát, cà mạnh
• to give excuses for sth viện cớ ñể giải
thích cái gì '■ " ■ : Y: ■ ■
• itchy (adj) ngứa
• to scratch gãi (vi ngứa)
non-verbai communication sự giao
tiếp không dùng lời nói
to inspire sb to do sth gợi cảm hứng
cho aỉ làm gi
• deductive (adj) có tính suy diễn
■ to cross-examine truy vấn ráo riết
- powers of persuasion năng iực thuyết
phục
■ to gain support giành ñược sự ùng hộ
- to dedicate one's life to doing sth
giành hết cả ñời ra ñể làm gì
- crossed arms hai cánh tay khoanh lại
- defensive (adj) giữ tư thế phòng thủ,
■ pupil ;ñồng tử, con ngươi
- involuntary (adj) ngoài ý muốn, bất giác
• sweatrno hôi -clientthân chù, khách hàng
- firm (adj) rân chắc
- codes of behaviour quy tắc ứng xử
- to make or break a business deal kết thúc thành công hay thất bại một thương vụ/ thòa thuận giao dịch
- downside mặt trái cùa sự việc
- to put one's guard up tò ra thủ thê/
ñề phòng
- literally (adv) ñúng nghĩa là
- to freeze khựng người lại/ mất vè tự nhiên
As daw n breaks over the vast Serengeti an eleph an t herd slowly
w anders to the side of the w aterhoie to drink, nearby a pride of lions is
lazing in the dry yellow g rass an d a wild dog howls in the distance The
w aterhole is a gathering place for the wildlife in th is p art of the Seren-
geti and for people, too At night, the anim al kingdom reigns over the
area b u t the day brings-tourists to photograph the wildlife, biologists to
study the ecosystem and Masai tribesm en to w ater their herds of cattle
It appears th a t anim als and h u m an s are m anaging to live together in
harm ony in one of the last great wildlife refuges in Africa
The nam e for the Serengeti com es from a M asai word th a t m eans
“the place w here the land ru n s on forever” b u t it m ay not be big enough
for th e M asai to continue their traditional way of life there for m uch
longer Although the M asai were once free to roam w herever they
pleased, since 1959 they have been confined to one sm all p a rt of th e
Serengeti ecosystem , the Ngorongoro Conservation Area The area w as
established as a place where the M asai could continue w ith th eir
no-• madic life style > w here wildlife could be protected an d to urism could
flourish
Wildlife a n d tourism are both doing very well b u t the sam e can n o t
be said for th e M asai tribes In the p a st fifty y ears the M asai population
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Trang 35h a s ’’increased from ab o u t 10,000 to over 50,000 The re su lt is th a t
th ere are too m any people an d too few resources to su pp o rt th e tra d tional M asai way of life The ỉand available for them to graze th eir cattle
i-is limited a n d they are only allowed to grow enough food to live on for fear th a t large scale farm ing will affect the a re a ’s n a tu ra l h abitat
The rise in the Masai population is also worrying b ecause of how it
m ight affect the an im als in the conservation area H erds of w ildebeest, zebras an d o th er an im als travel th rou g h the Ngorongoro region on their
m igratory p aths Masai settlem ents, farm s an d grazing cattle could in terfere with these im p ortan t ro u tes an d conservationists do no t w an t to cause any problem s for the now growing n u m b ers of an im als in the area So it’s the Masai who are being asked to move cftit o f th eir hom e-lands a n d to change th eir way of life, even though th e conservation zone w as originally created to be a m ultiple-use a rea n o t ju s t for wild-life
-In th e Masai village of Endulen women with shaved heads, gleam ing silver jewellery an d colourful red robes are busv w ashing clothes in the stream Tall, spear-carrying w arriors h iss a t their cattle as they drive them down th e dusty m ain street tow ards the only w ater supply in the village There is a hospital, a school and a m ark et in th is village of 8,000 b u t th ere is no fresh w ater supply, only th e stream A stream
th a t supplies all the needs of the people an d anim als for drinking, washing, cooking and bathing It is without do ub t th e life source of th is bustlin g com m unity, a com m unity which continues to grow year by year
Yet th e conservation au th o rities do no t w ant to provide th e Masai with a perm an en t w ater supply This is because they do not w ant to encourage p erm a n en t settlem ents within th e conservation area As far
as the au th o rities are concerned, the M asai are only allowed to live in the a rea a s no m ad s who m ake light u se of th e land If th e Masai w ant
to m ak e th e s h if t from a nom adic existence to a fanning com m unity with full am en ities su ch as a w ater supply an d electricity, th en they should, once again, be moved o u t of the Ngorongoro region
The Masai have o ther ideas, though Namely th a t they have no tention of being moved on again Although the old ways are slowly fad-ing, they still keep th eir livestock and go out on the land, even if it is only for days a t a time ra th e r th a n m onths In the village they work on vegetable plots outlaw ed by the autho rities an d live in p erm an en t dwellings The flowing traditional red robes a nd leath e r sa n d a ls are still worn by m any Masai b lit you can also see train e rs an d T -shirts, too As
in-an o th er cell phone s ta rts to buzz it becom es obvious th a t the M asai are
m aking the long, slow tran sition to a m ore m odem way of life
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Trang 36W hat im pression dọés/tKẹ^TÌíer.givẹ of th is p art pf tHệ Serengeti?
A The anim als ruleon:tb;is-regiQn\of Africa
B People and/wildHi^iexIst peạcéầiPy^Ịhếre
0 There-are íoo m ahỵ people com ing to the area
D It is one of the few places to see wildlife in Africa
W hat does, th e w riter say h as changed ab o u t the M asai way of life?
A They have had to accept living w ith anim als a n d to urists
B The Serengeti is no longer large enough to sup p o rt them
c They are no longer allowed to go w herever they w ant
D They cannot continue their traditions in the conservation area
Why does the w riter feel the growing M asai population h a s caused
problem s for the tribe?
A It h as m ade it very difficult to continue th eir traditions
B They are unable to grow, enough food to survive
c There is too little room for.them an d the to urists
D They do not have sufficient space to graze their cattle
C onservationists w ant the M asai to move to an o th er area because
A there h a s been a recent fall in the wildlife population
B the conservation area was designed to protect anim als,
c the wildlife could be a danger to their way of life
D they could d istu rb the m ovem ents of the wildlife
W hat does the w riter find u n u su a l abo ut the village of E ndulen?
A There are h erd s of cattle walking through the streets
B The com m unity’s w ater supply com es from a single source
c The com m unity cann ot provide enough w ater for the residents'
D The women d re ss u p before going to clean th eir clothes outside
The w riter u ses the ph rase “to m ak e th e s h if t” (paragraph 6) to
m e a n _
A a change in lifestyle
B a move to a new area
c th e Masai have become farm owners
D the tribe m ake too m any dem ands
How does th e w riter feel about the changes in the Masai com m
u-nity?
A They are noticeable and unavoidable
B They h av en ’t really affected their traditions,
c They are happening m uch too fast
D They will result in the M asai moving again
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Trang 378 W hat was the w riter’s purpose in w riting the text?
A To criticise the conservation authorities
B To show how wildlife and people can live together,
c To describe the problem s the M asai are-facing
D To explain th e effects of tourism on African culture
- a pride of lions một đàn sư tử
- to laze nẵm/ ngồi thảnh thơi
- to howl (chĩ sĩi) tru, kêu rú lên
- to reign over an area ngự trị/ thống trị một vùng
- tribesman người dân trong bộ tộc
- to water a herd of cattle đẫn đàn gia súc đí uống nước
- refuge nơi lánh nạn, nơi trú ẩn an tồn
- to roam an area đi lang thang khắp một vùng
- to be confined to a place bị giới hạn lại trong phạm vi một nơi
- conservation area khu bảo tồn
- nomadic (adj) thuộc đời sống du mục;
du canh du CƯ
- to flourish phát triển mạnh, phất iên
- to graze cattle chăn thà gia súc
- large scale farming làm nơng nghiệp trên qui mơ lớn
- wildebeest íinh dương đầu bị
- zebra ngựa vằn
- migratory (ađj) thuộc sự di cư, di trú
- multiple-use area vùng đa dụng, vùng
sử dụng cho nhiều mục đích
- shaved (adj) cạo hết tĩc/ trọc
- gleaming (adj) sáng lấp lánh
- spear ngọn [ao/ giáo
- warrior chiến binh
- to hiss at sth (tạo ra tiếng) xuỵt xuỵt
để thúc cái gì đi
- bustling (adj) rộn ràng, lăng xăng
- to make light use of sth khai thác cái
- vegetable plot đám đất trồng rau
- to outlaw sth cấm đốn cái gì
- flowing (adj) (quần áo) buơng chùng xuống
- to buzz (điện thoại) reo lên
- transition to sự chuyển đổi sang
ĩ w a sn ’t expecting it to be a great day, ju s t a norm al w ork day, b u t I neither w as I expecting it to be quite a s bad a s it tu rn ed out It started pleasantly enough, w ith a quiet cup of coffee w atching the m orning new s before setting off for work Then the doorbell rang, so I opened the door thinking perhaps the postm an w as m aking a n early delivery In-stead, I found m yself face to face w ith two uniform ed police officers OJ course, I w as tak en aback b u t I m anaged to ask calmly w h at I could dc for them W ith very grim looks on th eir faces, they told me I w as being arrested for the robbery of a local post office an d th a t I w as being taken
to the station for questioning
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Trang 38They p u t m ẹ in a n interrogation room I w as so s tu n n e d th a t I don't
know how long I s a t th e re ju s t starin g blankly a t th e w alls It felt like
I’d been in th ere for h o u rs ; and for all t knew ,;it had been h o u rs Then
my m ind started racing w ith a th o u sa n d questions Why h a d no one
come to q u estio n m e? How could they th in k th a t I w as a crim inal w hen
I had been a law -abiding citizen all my life? Most of all, how co u ld th is
have h ap p en ed to m e? It w a sn ’t long before I found out
A stem -faced detective entered the room an d I sm iled nervously He
gave me a long, h a rd look an d asked me ab o u t my w h ereab o u ts on the
18th of th e m onth I started to pariic b ecause th a t w as th e day I had
called in sick a t work a n d r d stayed at home This m e an t I h ad no alibi,
of course Then h e d ro p p e d th e b om bsh ell He knew I w as guilty
be-cau se th e robbeiy h a d been ca u g h t on CCTV a n d som eone h a d called
in to identify me My mood suddenly changed from fear a n d alarm to
outright fury I dem and ed to see a lawyer an d I was n o t going to answ er
any m ore q uestio n s u n til I got one
While I waited for the lawyer to arrive, I sat there fum ing a b o u t who
could have identified m e as th e robber There w as no way it could be a
close friend or a m em ber of my family I w as su re of th at I wondered if
it w as som eone who h a d m ade a genuine m istake B ut th a t d id n ’t seem
likely either P erh aps it w as som eone with a grudge a g a in st me All Ĩ
knew for su re w as th a t it felt very strange to be wrongly accu sed of a
crim e by som eone who m u st know me
Finally, my lawyer w alked into th e room She h ad s u c h a stro ng air
of confidence ab o u t h e r th a t I immediately relaxed She fired rapid
qu estio ns ab o u t my a rre s t a t the detective a n d raised a questionin g
eyebrow when he told h e r th a t I'd been identified on CCTV She d id n ’t
seem in the least bit im pressed by th is supposedly crucial evidence an d
dem anded to see th e pictures It w as now the detective who w as
begin-ning to look a bit worried a s h e scuttled off to fetch th e pictures
He placed a series of p ictu res on th e table In one, I could see a very
faint image of a m an of my height and build w ith a sim ilar hairstyle to
mine A nother picture showed a close-up of th e m a n ’s face b u t the
pic-tu re w as so b lu rred th a t it w as im possible to tell who it was It could
have been m e or th o u s a n d s of o th er young m en w ith sim ilar features
My lawyer laughed, althou gh she d id n ’t seem very am u sed W ith barely
controlled an g e r she told th e detective th a t su c h pictu res could n o t be
u sed to identify m e an d th a t no cou rt would accept them S he added
th a t a s I h ad no crim inal record an d w as a citizen of good standing, I
should be released im m ediately u n less they h a d any fu rth e r evidence
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Trang 39To my u tte r relief I w as released w ithout charge ju s t over a n h o u r later W hat h a s my experience ta u g h t me? D espite the fact th a t this cou ntry h a s m ore CCTV surveillance th a n any other cou ntry in the world a n d th e governm ent h a s spent millions of p o u nd s on it, m any of
th e im ages are so bad it can re su lt in a completely in nocent person spending a day a t the police station People are alw ays com plaining
th a t Big B rother is w atching b u t in my personal experience it’s worse
w hen h e ’s c a u g h t sleeping on th e job
1 We learn in th e first parag raph th a t th e w riter w as su rprised when
A his m orning rou tin e was interrupted
B his doorbell rang so early
c he opened th e door to th e police
ð h e saw th e look on th e policem en’s faces
2 By th e tim e th e detective entered the interrogation room, the w riter
A d id n ’t know how m u ch time h ad passed
B h ad beg un to blam e him self for his situation,
c h ad p repared m any questions to ask
D was beginning to realise the serio usness of his situation
3 The w riter u se s th e p h rase “h e d ro p p e d th e b o m b sh e ll7’ graph 3) to show t h a t _
(para-A th e detective w as not telling th e tru th ab o u t th e crime
B th e detective revealed some shocking inform ation
c th e detective h a d become angry an d sta rted shouting
D th e detective w as not im pressed w ith th e w riter’s alibi
4 Who did the w riter believe had identified him ?
A A close relative
B A total stranger,
c His b est friend
D He w a sn ’t sure
5 W hen th e lawyer arrived, s h e _
A w as very critical of th e detective
B show ed h e r disapproval of CCTV
c in sisted th a t the w riter w as innocent
D d id n ’t seem convinced by the evidence
6 The lawyer th o u g h t th a t th e pictu res were un acceptab le b ecause
A they d id n ’t show the m a n ’s face
B they were of very poor quality,
c they were tak en from a distance
- D th e m a n in them d id n ’t look like the writer
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Trang 407 The w riter w as eventually released b e c a u s e _
A there w as a lack of evidence
B new evidence proved him innocent,
c the real culprit was found
D a co u rt ruled th a t he should be
8 W hat did th e w riter leam from his experience?
A D espite disadvantages, CCTV cam eras are still beneficial to ciety
so-B B ritain h a s too m any CCTV cam eras
c CCTV cam eras have a disadvantage th a t m ost people d o n ’t
th in k of
D CCTV cam eras bring m ore harm th a n good
GLOSSARY
- to be caught in the act bị bắt quả
tang ñang phạm tội
- uniformed (adj) ñang mặc ñồng phục
- to be taken aback cảm thấy bất ngờ,
- stern-faced (adj) vè mặt nghiêm khắc
- whereabouts những nơì ñã lui tới
- to panic hoảng hốt, hoảng loạn
- to call ỉn sick at work gọi ñiện ñến
- to fire questions at sb hỏi ai dồn dập
- to raise a questioning eyebrow nhướng mày íên tỏ vẻ thắc mắc
- supposedly (adv) ñược cho là
- crucial (adj).quan trọng
- to scuttle off nhanh nhẹn chạy ñi
- to fetch ñi ỉãy mang ñến -faint (adj) mờ nhạt, không rõ ràng
- build vóc người
- hairstyle kiểu tóc
- a close-up một bức hình cận cảnh/
chụp gần
- blurred (adj) mờ nhòe
- feature ñặc ñiểm gương mặt, nét ñặc biệt trên gương mặt
- criminal record tiền án tiền sự
- a citizen of good standing một công dân tốt
- to be caught sleeping on the job bi bẳt quà tang ñang ngủ gật trong khi làm nhiệm vụ