_____________ is popular among drug enthusiasts, and some users snort heroin and smoke crack in combination.. In reaction to emotional memories burned into it by the intensity of the dru
Trang 1MULTIPLE CHOICE
1 _ is popular among drug enthusiasts, and some users snort heroin and
smoke crack in combination
a drug crossing
b criss-crossing
c drug spiking
d potentiating
2 In reaction to emotional memories burned into it by the intensity of the drug euphoria, the
operates outside of conscious control to cause intense cravings
a hypothalamus
b medial forebrain bundle
c blood-brain barrier
d amygdala
3 The acts as a gatekeeper to prevent certain substances from entering brain
tissue
a hypothalamus
b medial forebrain bundle
c blood-brain barrier
d amygdala
4 The _ controls such basic drives as sexual activity
a hypothalamus
b medial forebrain bundle
c blood-brain barrier
d amygdala
Trang 25 Neurotransmitter levels are controlled by chemicals in the presynaptic terminal which are
known as _
a agonists
b catecholamines
c monoamine oxidases (MAO)
d antagonists
6 Substances that stimulate receptor sites are known as
a agonists
b catecholamines
c monoamine oxidases (MAO)
d antagonists
7 One of the last parts of the brain to mature deals with the ability to _
a make sound judgments
b control movement
c communicate
d all of the above
8 The term kindling is an alternative term for
a reverse tolerance
b sensitization
c tolerance
d selective tolerance
9 Increased sensitivity to the same or lesser dosage of a drug over time is known as _
a reverse tolerance
b sensitization
c tolerance
d selective tolerance
Trang 310 When determining risk versus reward, the _ tends to emphasize benefits
while discounting dangers
a adult brain
b adolescent neurons
c adolescent brain
d adult neurons
11 Psychoactive drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream and quickly carried to the _
nervous system
a central
b autonomic
c sympathetic
d parasympathetic
12 Brain imaging and other technologies show that the addicted brain is _
from the nonaddictive brain
a somewhat different
b not different
c distinctly different
d comparatively different
13 A _ is the basic working unit of the central nervous system
a neuron
b cell body
c synapsis
d neurotransmitter
14 where neurotransmitters attach cause chemical substances to interact and
produce pharmacological actions
a Transmitting neurons
b Axon terminals
c Receptor sites
d Receiving neurons
Trang 415 An important part of the cell body are , which appear as branches of a tree
and receive messages from other neurons
a Serotonin
b Norepinephrine
c Dendrites
d Dopamine
16 Neurotransmitters are broken down by MAO or recycled by the sending neuron in a
process called
a reuptake
b transportation
c homeoestase
d synthesis
17 activates nerve cell receptors to stimulate pleasurable feelings
a Serotonin
b Norepinephrine
c Dendrites
d Dopamine
18 Depending on the type of _, electrical charges from the adjoining
neuron are either inhibited or enhanced
a neurotransmitter
b neuron
c drug
d drug cues
19 _, one of about 100 neurotransmitters found in the central nervous system,
has received special attention because of its apparent role in the regulation of mood and affect and because of its role in motivation and reward processes
a Serotonin
b Norepinephrine
c Dendrites
d Dopamine
Trang 520 The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that infants who are born to heroin-abusing
mothers frequently suffer from
a neonatal adaptation syndrome
b neonatal abstinence syndrome
c neonatal disability syndrome
d neonatal syndrome of polyendocrinopathy
21 trigger activity by moving across the synaptic gap to receptor sites on the
dendrites on the other side
a Transporters
b Synapses
c Receptors
d Neurotransmitters
22 , a part of neurons, are contact points for communication between neurons
a Transporters
b Synapses
c Receptors
d Neurotransmitters
23 Many, if not most, people who have been exposed to or heroin, for
example, find the initial experience distinctly unpleasant
a morphine
b benzodiazepine
c cocaine
d serotonin
24 Consuming more than one type of psychoactive chemical is called _
a multidrug use
b criss-crossing
c polydrug use
d additive effects
Trang 61 The greater the half-life of a drug, the more severe the withdrawal symptoms after use of
the drug is discontinued
2 Cocaine use by pregnant women has been linked to various abnormalities in their infants
because the substance reduces the supply of blood and oxygen to the fetus
3 Catecholamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and endorphins are examples of polydrugs
4 Reuptake is the sending neuron’s process of recycling neurotransmitters
5 The continued use of certain drugs, particularly depressants, can produce tolerance
6 Neurons do not interlock but instead are separated by synapses
7 The hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
8 Selective tolerance is also referred to as kindling
9 Homeostasis is a state of equilibrium achieved through the self-adjusting characteristics
of the body
10 A neuron consists of a cell body (soma), the axon, synapses, and dendrites
Trang 7COMPLETION
1 is the basic building block for the advancement of human knowledge
2 Neurotransmitter level is controlled by chemicals in presynaptic terminals known as
(MAO) and transporters that recycle them for further use ANS: monoamine oxidases REF: 27 LO: 1
3 A cell body is also called a
4 With regular drug use, _ become less responsive to drugs that stimulate
them
5 The model emphasizes the involuntary nature of drug use—use based on a
craving—that has found support in laboratory experiments with animals
6 Understanding the biology of psychoactive drugs is complicated by the phenomenon of
_ use—abusers consuming more than one type of psychoactive chemical
7 develops as the body becomes progressively immune to the chemical
effects of the drug at the cellular level
8 Children born to -addicted mothers, in addition to having a host of other
physical problems, such as small size, anemia, heart disease, hepatitis, and pneumonia, also suffer from withdrawal symptoms
9 _ use by pregnant women has been linked to serious emotional
difficulties in children which can hinder their social and psychological
development
Trang 810 The neurological effects of mixing drugs can be additive, synergistic, potentiating, or
_
ESSAY
1 Explain the three ways in which drugs can enter the bloodstream
2 Explain homeostasis
3 Explain the concept of reverse tolerance
4 Explain the additive, synergistic, potentiating, and antagonistic neurological effects of
mixing drugs
5 What are the symptoms of children who were born with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?