A confirmed the plum-pudding model of the atom B led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus C was the basis for Thomson's model of the atom D utilized the deflection of beta particles by
Trang 1Chemistry: The Central Science, 12e (Brown et al.)
Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
2.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) A molecule of water contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass This is a statement of
A) the law of multiple proportions
B) the law of constant composition
C) the law of conservation of mass
D) the law of conservation of energy
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.1
2) Which one of the following is not one of the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory?
A) Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
B) All atoms of a given element are identical; the atoms of different elements are different and have different properties
C) Atoms of an element are not changed into different types of atoms by chemical reactions: atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions
D) Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms
E) Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.1
3) Consider the following selected postulates of Dalton's atomic theory:
(i) Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms
(ii) Atoms are indivisible
(iii) Atoms of a given element are identical
(iv) Atoms of different elements are different and have different properties
Which of the postulates is(are) no longer considered valid?
A) (i) and (ii)
Trang 24) Which pair of substances could be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.1
5) Which statement below correctly describes the responses of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation to an electric field?
A) Both beta and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while alpha shows no response
B) Both alpha and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while beta shows no response
C) Both alpha and beta are deflected in the same direction, while gamma shows no response
D) Alpha and beta are deflected in opposite directions, while gamma shows no response
E) Only alpha is deflected, while beta and gamma show no response
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
6) Which one of the following is not true concerning cathode rays?
A) They originate from the negative electrode
B) They travel in straight lines in the absence of electric or magnetic fields
C) They impart a negative charge to metals exposed to them
D) They are made up of electrons
E) The characteristics of cathode rays depend on the material from which they are emitted
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
7) The charge on an electron was determined in the
A) cathode ray tube, by J J Thompson
B) Rutherford gold foil experiment
C) Millikan oil drop experiment
D) Dalton atomic theory
E) atomic theory of matter
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
8) -rays consist of fast-moving electrons
Trang 39) The gold foil experiment performed in Rutherford's lab
A) confirmed the plum-pudding model of the atom
B) led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus
C) was the basis for Thomson's model of the atom
D) utilized the deflection of beta particles by gold foil
E) proved the law of multiple proportions
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
10) In the Rutherford nuclear-atom model,
A) the heavy subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus
B) the three principal subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) all have essentially the same mass
C) the light subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus
D) mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom
E) the three principal subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) all have essentially the same mass and mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
11) Cathode rays are
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
12) Cathode rays are deflected away from a negatively charged plate because
A) they are not particles
B) they are positively charged particles
C) they are neutral particles
D) they are negatively charged particles
E) they are emitted by all matter
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
13) In the absence of magnetic or electric fields, cathode rays
A) do not exist
B) travel in straight lines
C) cannot be detected
D) become positively charged
E) bend toward a light source
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
Trang 414) Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford, which is/are electrically charged? A) β-rays
B) α-rays and β-rays
C) α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays
D) α-rays
E) α-rays and γ-rays
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
15) Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford, which is/are not electrically charged?
A) α-rays
B) α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays
C) γ-rays
D) α-rays and β-rays
E) α-rays and γ-rays
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
16) Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford, which are particles?
A) β-rays
B) α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays
C) γ-rays
D) α-rays and γ-rays
E) α-rays and β-rays
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
17) Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford, which is/are not particles?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.2
18) Of the following, the smallest and lightest subatomic particle is the
Trang 519) All atoms of a given element have the same
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
20) Which atom has the smallest number of neutrons?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
21) Which atom has the largest number of neutrons?
Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
22) There are electrons, protons, and neutrons in an atom of
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
23) An atom of the most common isotope of gold, 197Au, has protons, neutrons, and electrons
Trang 624) Which combination of protons, neutrons, and electrons is correct for the isotope of copper, 63Cu29 ? A) 29 p+, 34 n°, 29 e-
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
25) Which isotope has 45 neutrons?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
26) Which pair of atoms constitutes a pair of isotopes of the same element?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
27) Which isotope has 36 electrons in an atom?
Trang 728) Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of but differing number of A) protons, electrons
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
29) The nucleus of an atom does not contain
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
30) The nucleus of an atom contains
A) electrons
B) protons
C) neutrons
D) protons and neutrons
E) protons, neutrons, and electrons
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
31) Different isotopes of a particular element contain the same number of
A) protons
B) neutrons
C) protons and neutrons
D) protons, neutrons, and electrons
E) subatomic particles
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
32) Different isotopes of a particular element contain different numbers of
A) protons
B) neutrons
C) protons and neutrons
D) protons, neutrons, and electrons
E) None of the above is correct
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
Trang 833) In the symbol shown below, x =
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
34) In the symbol below, X =
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
35) In the symbol below, x =
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
36) In the symbol below, x is
x
6C
A) the number of neutrons
B) the atomic number
C) the mass number
D) the isotope number
E) the elemental symbol
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
Trang 937) Which one of the following basic forces is so small that it has no chemical significance?
A) weak nuclear force
B) strong nuclear force
C) electromagnetism
D) gravity
E) Coulomb's law
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
38) Gravitational forces act between objects in proportion to their
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.3
39) Silver has two naturally occurring isotopes with the following isotopic masses:
Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec 2.4
40) The atomic mass unit is presently based on assigning an exact integral mass (in amu) to an isotope
Trang 1041) The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes The masses (amu) and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below The average atomic mass of the element is amu
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.4
42) Element X has three naturally occurring isotopes The masses (amu) and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below The average atomic mass of the element is amu
Trang 1143) The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes The isotopic masses (amu) and % abundances
of the isotopes are given in the table below The average atomic mass of the element is amu
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.4
44) The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes The isotopic masses (amu) and % abundances
of the isotopes are given in the table below The average atomic mass of the element is amu
Trang 1245) The element X has two naturally occurring isotopes The masses (amu) and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below The average atomic mass of the element is amu
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.4
46) The average atomic weight of copper, which has two naturally occurring isotopes, is 63.5 One of the isotopes has an atomic weight of 62.9 amu and constitutes 69.1% of the copper isotopes The other isotope has an abundance of 30.9% The atomic weight (amu) of the second isotope is amu A) 63.2
Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec 2.4
47) The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes The masses (amu) and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below The average atomic mass of the element is amu
Trang 1348) Vanadium has two naturally occurring isotopes, 50V with an atomic mass of 49.9472 amu and 51V with an atomic mass of 50.9440 The atomic weight of vanadium is 50.9415 The percent abundances of the vanadium isotopes are % 50V and % 51V
Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec 2.4
49) An unknown element is found to have three naturally occurring isotopes with atomic masses of 35.9675 (0.337%), 37.9627 (0.063%), and 39.9624 (99.600%) Which of the following is the unknown element?
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.4
50) In the periodic table, the elements are arranged in
A) alphabetical order
B) order of increasing atomic number
C) order of increasing metallic properties
D) order of increasing neutron content
E) reverse alphabetical order
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.5
51) Elements exhibit similar physical and chemical properties
A) with similar chemical symbols
B) with similar atomic masses
C) in the same period of the periodic table
D) on opposite sides of the periodic table
E) in the same group of the periodic table
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.5
Trang 1452) Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.5
53) Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.5
54) Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.5
55) The elements in groups 1A, 6A, and 7A are called, , respectively
A) alkaline earth metals, halogens, and chalcogens
B) alkali metals, chalcogens, and halogens
C) alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases
D) alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and halogens
E) halogens, transition metals, and alkali metals
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.5
56) Which pair of elements below should be the most similar in chemical properties?
Trang 1557) An element in the upper right corner of the periodic table
A) is either a metal or metalloid
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.5
58) An element that appears in the lower left corner of the periodic table is A) either a metal or metalloid
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.5
59) Elements in the same group of the periodic table typically have
A) similar mass numbers
B) similar physical properties only
C) similar chemical properties only
D) similar atomic masses
E) similar physical and chemical properties
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.5
60) Which one of the following does not occur as diatomic molecules in elemental form? A) oxygen
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.6
61) Which one of the following molecular formulas is also an empirical formula?
Trang 1662) Which compounds do not have the same empirical formula?
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.6
63) Of the choices below, which one is not an ionic compound?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.6
64) Which type of formula provides the most information about a compound? A) empirical
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.6
65) A molecular formula always indicates
A) how many of each atom are in a molecule
B) the simplest whole-number ratio of different atoms in a compound
C) which atoms are attached to which in a molecule
D) the isotope of each element in a compound
E) the geometry of a molecule
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.6
66) An empirical formula always indicates
A) which atoms are attached to which in a molecule
B) how many of each atom are in a molecule
C) the simplest whole-number ratio of different atoms in a compound
D) the isotope of each element in a compound
E) the geometry of a molecule
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.6
Trang 1767) The molecular formula of a compound is always the empirical formula A) more complex than
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.6
68) Formulas that show how atoms are attached in a molecule are called A) molecular formulas
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.6
69) Of the following, contains the greatest number of electrons
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
70) Which one of the following is most likely to lose electrons when forming an ion? A) F
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
71) Which species has 54 electrons?
Trang 1872) Which species has 16 protons?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
73) Which species has 18 electrons?
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
74) The species contains 16 neutrons
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
75) Which species is an isotope of 39Cl?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
76) Which one of the following species has as many electrons as it has neutrons? A) 1H
Trang 1977) There are protons, neutrons, and electrons in 131I- A) 131, 53, and 54
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
78) There are protons, neutrons, and electrons in 238U+5 A) 146, 92, and 92
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
79) Which species has 48 electrons?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
80) Which of the following compounds would you expect to be ionic?
Trang 2081) Which of the following compounds would you expect to be ionic?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
82) Which pair of elements is most apt to form an ionic compound with each other? A) barium, bromine
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
83) Which pair of elements is most apt to form a molecular compound with each other? A) aluminum, oxygen
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.7
84) Which species below is the nitride ion?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
85) Which species below is the sulfite ion?
Trang 2186) Which species below is the nitrate ion?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
87) Which species below is the nitrite ion?
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
88) Barium reacts with a polyatomic ion to form a compound with the general formula Ba3(X)2 What would be the most likely formula for the compound formed between sodium and the polyatomic ion X? A) NaX
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
89) Aluminum reacts with a certain nonmetallic element to form a compound with the general formula Al2X3 Element X must be from Group of the Periodic Table of Elements
Trang 2290) The formula for a salt is XBr The X-ion in this salt has 46 electrons The metal X is A) Ag
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
91) The charge on the copper ion in the salt CuO is
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
92) The charge on the iron ion in the salt Fe2O3 is
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
93) Which formula/name pair is incorrect?
A) Mn(NO2)4 manganese(II) nitrite
B) Mg(NO3)2 magnesium nitrate
C) Mn(NO3)2 manganese(II) nitrate
D) Mg3N2 magnesium nitrite
E) Mg(MnO4)2 magnesium permanganate
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
94) Which formula/name pair is incorrect?
A) FeSO4 iron(II) sulfate
B) Fe2(SO3)3 iron(III) sulfite
C) FeS iron(II) sulfide
D) FeSO3 iron(II) sulfite
E) Fe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfide
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
Trang 2395) Which one of the following is the formula of hydrochloric acid? A) HClO3
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
96) The suffix -ide is used primarily
A) for monatomic anion names
B) for polyatomic cation names
C) for the name of the first element in a molecular compound
D) to indicate binary acids
E) for monoatomic cations
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
97) Which one of the following compounds is chromium(III) oxide? A) Cr2O3
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
98) Which one of the following compounds is copper(I) chloride? A) CuCl
Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
99) The correct name for MgF2 is
Trang 24100) The correct name for NaHCO3 is
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
101) A correct name for Fe(NO3)2 is
Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
102) The correct name for HNO2 is
Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
103) The proper formula for the hydronium ion is A) H-
Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec 2.8
104) The charge on the ion is -3