methods of teaching vocabulary for the 10th class students in nhu xuan high school

h.If a word is neccesary for understand an activity or passage, teach it to the students beforehand... -Active vocabulary are words which students can both understand and use in communit

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO THANH HÓA

TRƯỜNG TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG NHƯ XUÂN

SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM

“ METHODS OF TEACHING VOCABULARY FOR THE 10th

CLASS STUDENTS IN NHU XUAN HIGH SCHOOL”

Người thực hiện: Nguyễn Văn Chuyên Chức vụ: Giáo Viên

Đơn vị công tác: Trường THPT Như Xuân SKKN thuộc lĩnh vực: Tiếng Anh

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Contents Cover/ bìa

Contents Introduction Contents and researching procedure The teachniques for teaching

vocabulary APPLICATION The way to teach vocabulary of some units in English 10

PRACTICAL RESULT Practical result

CONCLUSION REFERENCES

1 Introduction.

+ The reason to choose the topic

English plays an important role in our life Nowadays In the information technology time and global integration, English is getting more and more

important and is gradually becoming the main of the international

communication It is used in all the fields such as science, technique, economy, culture, education It estimated that over 3000 people speak English as their mother-tongue and the same number use English as their second language Therefore English is a essential means to everybody with their practical aims

It is said that “ Teaching is an art and teacher is an artist that creates that art”,

so a teacher can only create that one when he is aware of their roles and the teaching environment In the class the teacher is not only an instructor but also

a leader, an enalyst who guides the students the different situations to make the communicative activities more effective

+ Purpose to research

Although learning English is very important, students have not been aware of its importance Especially learning English in mountainous and remote areas is much more difficult Because English is a compulsory subject, students have to study for their marks or for the examinations, they don’t study for their job or their daily communication Most students find learning English very boring To

be honest our teaching method is not very good, teaching materials is not

enough In English, Vocabulary is a very important problem How to teach vocabulary effectively? That requires teachers to find out new methods, choose appropriate words and teaching materials For those reasons I carry out the researching problem: “ METHODS OF TEACHING VOCABULARY FOR THE 10th CLASS STUDENTS IN NHU XUAN HIGH SCHOOL”

+ The subjects to research: The 10th students in Nhu Xuan high school

+ the researching methods: Study the teaching materials on Internet, textbook, the demand and likes and mentality of students

2 Contents and researching procedure:

* theoretical background

2.1.The principles for teaching vocabulary.

There are many different ways to teach vocabulary, but some ways are more effective than others Below are several priciples for teaching words

a.Provide a context for new words

If we hear a new word in isolation, we are likely to misunderstand its

meaning There are different kinds of contexts such as grammatical, semantic and discourse

b.Don’t present too many word at once

Teach a few words and allow students to practise and use them a lot

Presentation will help students Pracitce will help them remember If the students forget what has been presented, it will not be useful to them in the future

c.Practising words in context is more important than memorizing

isolated words

We can learn many new words without being able to use them in

communication Students may be required to learn the meaning of words but they must also be given the opportunity to use them productively in speaking and

writing

d.Teach your students skills for guessing new words,especially when reading.

The meaning of words can be inferred from different types of contexts and from looking at the affixes ( parts) of the word

e.Avoid translation as much as possible

If students are always having words translated, they are really only

communicating in their own language Not in English, also, students don’t ussually remember vocabulary that has been translated Only use translation as a last resort when it would otherwise take too to communicate in English

f.Avoid using the dictionary as much as possible

When reading or listening, students should first try to guess or ignore new words

so that they can continue without stopping Also, using a dictionary when speaking

or listening can be more beneficially because it helps students express themselves more clearly

g.Remember that not all words are important

In a sentence, some words are important because they are important because they are subject, verb, object etc…of the sentence wheareas the other are not

important to understand the sentence

h.If a word is neccesary for understand an activity or passage, teach it to the students beforehand.

If it is not so necessary or important, let the students first guess at the

meaning

while they are reading or listening.Teach the meaning later or not at all

2.2.The teachniques for teaching vocabulary

a Kinds of vocabulary

Vocabulary are divided into two kinds.Active vocabulary and passive

vocabulary

-Active vocabulary are words which students can both understand and use in communition They are especially useful for the productive skills of speaking and writing

-Passive vocabulary are words which students can recognize but not

necessarily use in speaking and writing If a student see a word in his/her passive vocabulary, she/he will understand what it means Passive vocabulary are

especially useful for the receptive skills of reading and listening

In short, a teacher should express his/her students to understand words in reading and listening before they can use those some words in speaking and

writing When teaching, it is best to speaking words first Later the teacher will find the students can actively use those same words in comunication And some words can be active to some people but passive to others

b.Teachniques for teaching vocabulary

+ Paraphrase or Define

We can explain a word by using a different word or a definition

Ex:Dawn is the time of day when light first appears

A generator is a machine for producing electrical energy

+ Drawing

On the black board, we can draw a picture of a motorbike, rose, or clock Some words that will quickly convey the meaning

clock motorbike rose

+ Realia or Objects

If we are teaching about nouns in semantic fields, we can bring a series of red objects to class

Ex: We can use real tennis ball or hat … etc….to teach those words.

+ Flash cards or charts

On cards, we can have a picture on one side and the words on the other Ex: Cards with kinds of flowers on one side and the name of the flowers on the other

Ex: A chart with body parts

+ Mine

Especially for action, we can act out a word to demonstrate it’s meaning

Ex: The teacher can smile to teach the words smile.

+ Picture

We use photographs, prints, or painting to teach new words

Ex: If we want to teach the word field, we can use the picture of the field in

Viet Nam to teach

+ Opposites

If the students don’t know a new word but they know the opposites, we can give them antonym

Ex: If we want to teach the word seldom, we can use the antonym often to

teach

+ Synomyms

We also use the synomyms to teach a new word

Ex: If we want to teach the word hardly, we can use the synomym “almost

not”to teach.

However, the synomyms must be closed at familiar to the students

+ Semantic field

The means of many words can be guessed by reading some sentences or listening to something from the teacher

Ex: 1.The students can guess the meaning of invent from 3 sentences.

Faraday invented the generator.

James Watt invented the steam engine.

Alexander Graham invented the telephone.

2.The teacher can give a context to teach the word infectious like this:

Suppose that in our class, student A got flu Some days later, student B who sits next to student A also had flu So flu is an inflectious disease

+ Guessing from stems and affixes

The meaning of some words can be understood through affixes

Ex: 1.impracticable

(not) (practice) (ability)

2 musician

music ian

(music) (a person)

+ Translation

In this technique, the teacher can translate a new word into the students’ first language.We can use this technique for this difficult, specified words

Ex: foreign exchange : ngoại hối

objective criteria: tiêu chuẩn khách quan

+ Using a dictionary

If we need to save time or communicate about a difficult word, the dictionary might be the best option

Ex:Compressor, neurosis…

However , we shouldn’t apply this technique a lot because it is inconvenient for students to bring dictionaries to class

c Some difficulties in teaching vocabulary

+ The selection of vocabulary

There are many new words in a text, and most of them are important and essential to comprehension The teachers don’t know what words they should choose to teach the students

+ The selection of techniques for teaching vocabulary.

There are also a lot of various techniques for teaching vocabulary.They all are interesting, multiformed, and complex They require the teacher’s cleverness, creativeness, and intelligence to choose appropriately

+ The use of teaching aids in teaching vocabulary.

Teaching aids play an important role in teaching vacabulary.The way to use them effectively is a difficult task

+ The ability to provide a context.

Giving a context which helps the pupils understand clearly and guess the meaning of new words is difficult.The context must be appropriate and familiar to the students

+ The limination of time

Vocabulary must be taught in a limited time (10-15 minutes).The duty of the teacher is to help the students understand new words clearly in a short time

* APPLICATION

1 The analysis of teaching vocabulary applied in the 10 th form.

From the principles, the techniques and the difficulties in teaching

vocabulay, I decide to design the way to teach vocabulary of some units in English

10, each from 10 to 15 minutes Each unit includes two parts: 1.The reasons to choose new words and 2 The way to teach new words In the first part, I choose carefully the number of words to teach, from 5 to 7 words in each unit Some are active words, and the others are passive words These words may be unknown to

the level of the pupils in the 10th form, related to the topic, essential to

comprehension, repeated alots or can’t be guessed by the pupils

In the second part, according to active or passive words I use different

techniques mentioned in chaper II to teach the choosen words

2.The way to teach vocabulary of some units in English 10.

UNIT 1: A DAY IN THE LIFE OF…………

I-The reason to choose new words

In this unit, I decide to choose the following new words to teach pupils:

1.plough

2.harrow

3.plot of land

4.fellow peasants

5.local tobacco

6.take a short rest

7.transpant

8.crop

First of all, this new words are unknown to the level of students in the 10th

form and related to the topic

-plough and harrow are essential to teach because it appears in the text -plot of land is neceesary to teach because they can’t be guessed by pupils -fellow peasants is essential to teach.

-local tobacco is neceesary to teach.

-take a short rest is difficult structure and it appears in the text.

-transpant is essential to teach because it appears in the text.

-crop is neccesary to understand.

I divide the words abvove into two groups:

Active word: plough, harrow, take a short rest, transpant, crop.

Passive word : plot of land, fellow peasants, local tobacco.

II-The ways to teach these words

1.plough: (use a picture)

-Show students a picture about the famer ploughing and ask students:

Teacher: What is he/she doing?

Student: ông ấy đang cày

2.harrow: (use a picture )

-Show students a picture about the famer harrowing and ask students:

Teacher: What is he/she doing?

Student: ông ấy đang bừa

He is harrowing

3.take a short rest : (explanation): have a rest for a short time.

4.transpant : (use a picture)

-Show students a picture about the famer transpanting and ask students:

Teacher: What is she doing?

Student: bà ấy đang cấy

5.crop : (translation) : vụ mùa

6.plot of land: (translation) : một miếng đất, mảnh ruộng.

7.fellow peasants : (explanation): farmers working in the short time :

Nghỉ giải lao ngắn

8.local tobacco: (translation) : thuốc lá được sản xuất tại địa phương.

UNIT 2: SCHOOL TALK

I-The reasons to choose new words.

In this unit, I decide to choose the following new words to teach pupils:

1.biography

2.maths

3.physics

4.chemistry

5.history

6.geography

7.literature

Those words are neccesary to teach because they appear in the text and help students to understand the text

II-The ways to teach these words

Teacher use a game to teach these words

Ask students to work in groups and match the subject in A with the

information in B

A B

1.Biography a Poem, novel, Nguyen Du

3.Physics c.Chemicals, HCl

4.Chemistry d.Number, minus, pascal

5.History e.Climate, geology

6.Geography f.Animal, plants, DNA…

7.Literature g Revolution, The first World War…

-Give the correct answer: 1.f 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.g 6.e 7.a

-Give students the meaning

UNIT 9: UNDERSEA WORLD

I- The reasons to choose new words

In this unit, I decide to choose the following new words to teach pupils

1.bay

2.mystery

3.beneath

4.submarine

5.marine life

6.fall into

7.water current

8.organism

9.at stake

First of all, the new words are unknown to the level of the pupils in the 10th

form and related to the topic

Bay is essential to comprehension It appears in the text.

Mystery is neceesary to teach because they can’t be guessed by pupils.

Beneath is a strong word to students.

Submarine is essential to comprehension and can’t be guessed by pupils Marine life is essential to understand It also contribute to understand the

text and related to the title “undersea world”

Fall into is a difficult word

Water current is also necessary to understand.

Organism appears in the text and is related to the content of the text.

At stake is necessary to understand.

I divide the words abvove into two groups:

Active words: bay, beneath, fall into, organism, at stake

Passive words: mystery, submarine, marine life, water current

II-The way to teach these words

1.Bay: (example) : Ha Long bay Thai lan bay

2.Beneath : (explanation) : under sb/st

3.Fall into : (explanation): to be able to divided into sth : được chia thành 4.Organism : (explanation) : a living being : sinh vật

5.At stake : (explanation) : at risk, to be in danger : bị đe dọa

6 Mystery : (explanation) : a thing of which the cause or origin is unknown

or impossible to explain : bí ẩn

7.Submarine : (traslation) : tàu ngầm

8.Marine life : life in the sea

9.Water current : (traslation): dòng nước.