Giải chi tiết 1 số bài tập sử dụng Định luật bảo toàn electron

tldu tan irodn todn h5n hap d6 bing dung dich HNO: lodng th'dugc2,24lit khi NO duy nh6t dktc.. sau phin ritgtlc dpng v6i dung dich HNo: n6ng du thi thu dusc V lit khi NOz dktc.. Hda tan

qhlyT qii lgA\ gNG 9{y H9$ ryIq crAr roAN nANc PHttoNG pnAp sAo TOAN ELEqI+ON i .

Cflu 1 p6 -?gjUQt Fe ngodi kh6ng khi mQt thdi gian thu dusc 12 ghin hqp c6c chdt rdnFeO, FerO+, FezO:, Fe du tldu tan irodn todn h5n hap d6 bing dung dich HNO: lodng th'dugc2,24lit khi NO duy nh6t (dktc) Gi6 tri cira m ld ^ n ^,

A 5.04 e B 10,08 g C' 15,12 g D' 20'16 q ^ ,cau z ni u"t'"ihodn todn t7,4 grrSi rrqp 3 kim lopi Al, Fe, Mg trong dule-dich.Hgl tl?ytho6t ra 13,44fit klti NC" ctro 3i,8 g h6n hqp tron tdc dUng vdi dung dich CuSO+- {u, lOc ldy

;;;;";O ;;6trh"itr' aoq sau phin ritgtlc dpng v6i dung dich HNo: n6ng du thi thu dusc

V lit khi NOz (dktc) Gi6 tri V ld

A | | 2 ' | i t 8 2 2 , 4 | i t C ' 5 3 , 7 6 1 i t D 7 6 , 8 2 | i t

ciu 3 Hda tan hodn todn 28,8 g kim 1o4i cu u1o^dulg dichtlNol,l?alq' t6t chkhi No thudugc dem oxi h6a thdnh Noz riri-suc vdo nu6c c6 Ozd'chuy€n tri5t trrann rnqor, ThiS tich khi

Oz (0 dktc) dd tham gia vdo qu6 trinh trOn ld

A 5,04 lit g.1,56lit c 6,72lit D' 8'96 lit

C6u 4 Chia m g h5n hW2kim lo4i A, B c6 h6a tri kh6ng d6i tnann 2ph1'nbing nhau:

phAn 1 tan h6t *ng dung dich HCl, tqo ryt 1,792 Litgz (itktc)

PhAn 2 ntngtrong oxi thu dugc 2,84 gh6n h-o p oxit'

Gi5 tri cria m ld

A 1 , 5 6 g 8 2 , 6 4 g C ' 3 , 1 2 g , ,

Cffu 5 Chia 38,69 h6n hqp gOttt p.ia M co h6a tri Auy nnat thAnh Z ynaltbdng nhau:

dA"l' fun utru E'ri t ong ) lit Oung dich HCI th6y tho6t ra 14'56litHz (itktc)'

pht" 2: Tanhodn todn ,ttrg Oung Aicn HNO: lo6ng n6ng th6y tho6t ru ll,2lit khi NO duynhdt (dktc)

a) N6ng d0 rnol/l cta dung dich HCI ld

Cflu 6 Cho tan hodn todn 3,6 gh6n hqp gdm Mg vd Fe trong dung dich HNOz2M' thu tlugcdung dfch D, 0,04 mol khi NO vd 0,0i mol NzO Cho dung ditl P t6c dsng v6i dung dichN"dff ify do, lgc vd nung k6t ttia tt6n ttrOi lugng thu dugc m g chdt rdn'

A 3 0 , 0 5 % 8 5 0 , 0 5 %

c 0,55 M D 0,65 M khi cO c4n dung dich sau phin rlng 6 phAn 1 ld

ca, ',.ti*;lt-", p t o,,JrJolLtiltmQt thdi i-l.?rt*sc 16,08 s-h#;; H g6m ! :ntu

*", ao ia r"""a 3 oxit cria n6 Hda tan trctiuqng n6" hqp H tr6n bing dung dich HNo3 lodng,thu dugc 672 mlkhi No duy nh6t (dktc) Tri s6 cria x ld

Chuyan tlii: PHAN U]'tc OXY HO+*:5gg

c) Cdng thric cria Fe*Oy ld'

a; r.O ej FezOr C) FerO+ D) khdng x6c dfnh

C6u 9 Khi cho m g kim lo4i Al phin img hodn todn vdi dung dicfr HzSOl.{a- {At:.ning eerqo ra1,24Iitkhi Sbz thoiltra thi lugng kim 1o4i Al ndy dd trao ddi bao nhi6u diQn tir?

A) Nhudng 0,6 mol B) Nh4n 0,imol c) Nhucrng 0,2 mol D) Nhan 0,6 mol

Cffu 10 Hda tan hoan todn m g bot kim loai Al vdo mQtluqng dung dich HNOr r6t lodng c6

du, c6 0,03 mol khi Nz duy nhSt tho6t ra.Lhy dung dfch thu dugc cho t5c dpng vdi lugng dudung dich xrit, dun n6ng, c6 672 ml duy nh6t mot khi (dktc) c6 miri khai tho6t ra c6c ph6nung xay ra hodn todn Tri s6 cria m ld-A)3,24

ceu rr u6n nip X g6m zii^'toqi n, B c6 ho6 tri khong o6l ta m vd n chia 0,8g h6n hqp

X thdnh 2 phAn bing nhuu'

phAn l: Tan hodn toan trong HzSO+, gi6i ph6ng dugc224ml Hz (tlktc)

PhAn 2: Bi oxy ho6 hodn todn t4o ra m g h5n hqrp 2 oxit'

;jA5i r"*g na" hq,'p muoi sunfat t<tran ttru dusc o phAn 1 ld

-pnar l: Tan hodn tidn trong dung dich HCI vd HzSO+ t4o ra l,l2lit 11, (dkt!);

ptrAn 2:Tircdung hodn todn v6i dung dich HNor vd chi taorakhi No duy nhdt.

a) ThC tich khi NO (lit) thoat ra d dktc ld

Cffu 15 Cho mQt hd;;khiCO qua m (g) FezO: nung n6ng, thu dusc 14 g h6n hqp I 99- 4

;;6t;A".ctto tt6" h",p X tan hodntodn trong dung dich HNO: thu dugc 2,24litkhi No (dktc)'Giri tr! cria m lh

Cia LT.fnri pezOr bing CO O nttiit dQ cao, dugc h5n hq'p X g6m 4 chhtr6n' Chia X thdnh

2 phAn bing nhau:

piilifi iong v6i dung dich HNo: du, thu dugc 0,02 mol No vd 0,03 mol Nzo'

pht; fu cno iu,itrotrg dung dich HzSO+ d[c n6ng, du thu dugc V lit (dktc) SOz'

Gi6 tri cria V ld

A 2 , 2 4 B 3 , 3 6 c 4 , 4 8 D 6 , 7 2

9"1'""yol qA'PIIAN S 5gg

Cfru 18 Chia h6n trqp X g6m Al, AlzO:, ZnO thdnh hai phAn bing nhau PhAn mQt cho t6cdpng v6i dung Aicfr NaOH Ou, thu dugc 0,15 mol khi PhAn hai tan hodn todn trong dung dichffNO: thu dugc 0,075 mol khi Y duy nfr6t y ta

Ciu 19 Cho tan hodn toin3,76 g h6n hqp X o d4ng bQt g6m S, FeS vd FeSz trong dung dichHNOr thu dugc 0,48 mol Noz va dung dich D cho dung dich D 6: 4tng v6i dung dichBa(oH)z du, loc

"; ";;kct t,i" 46" r.n5i lugng khong

ddi, dugc m g h5n hcvp rin' Gi6 tri cria

m l d

A 17,545 g B 12,815 g C' 13,980 g D' 15'145 g

cflu 20 cho tan hodn todn 7,2 gFe.Oy trong dung dich HNor thu dugc 0,1 mol Noz' c6ngthric phdn ttr ota oxit ld

A FeO B' Fe:O+ C' FezO: D' Ca FeO vd Fe:O+ d€u tlfng

Cdu2I Cho 2,673 g h6n hqp Mg, Tnthc dpng vira dri vdi 500m1 dung dich chria AgNOr0,02M vd Cu(NOr), b,lM fhanh phAn %kh;it,tqttg Mg trong h6n hqp ld

Cdu22.Cho I t,ZlithSnhqpigO-ClovdOxiphinringvuadrivdi 16,98 g-h6i.hqpB q6^m

Mg vd Al tao ra 42,34 g hbn hqrp san phdm fnunn phAn kh6i lugng cira Mg, A1 trong h6nhqp B?

A.77,74o vit22,260/o B 48%vd 52o/o c 43,12o/ovit 56,88oh D' 75%vd25o/oC6u 23 Cho 5,6 g Fe tan htft trong dung dich HNOr thu dugc 2l,1gmu0i vd V lit NOz (dktc)'Tinh V

i tt,zut B 10,08 lit c 5,6lit D' 8,4 lit

Ciu 28 Hod tan 2,4 gh6n hqp Cu, Fe c6 ti lQ mol 1:1 trong HzSO+ dflc n6ng tao ta 0,05 molmQt s6n phAm kht X duY nhdt X ld

cau zq Khi hod tan hodn todn m g kim lo4i M trong dung dich HNo: du thu dugc v lit NoJ"V rfr{i ivfA, kh6", hod tan hodn todn P g M trong 9Tg dich HCl.du.cfing thu dugc V litkhi, kh6i lugng -.r6i Clorua thu dugc Ainf SZ,+t%k}'di lugng mudi Nitrat thu dugc 6 tron'C6c khi <1o <r cung di€u kiQn, x6c dinh M'

Ciu 30 Hod tan 0,03 mol Fe*Oy trong dung dich HNO: du th6y sinh ra 0,6721it khi X duynnat ldttc) X6c dfnh X

Ciu 31 Khi cho 9,6 gVg tac dung fr6t vOi HzSO+ dlc thdy c6 49 g axit ph6n ring t4o thdnhMgSO+, HzO vd s6n Phdm X X6c dinh X'

c_rruyan adi: pnAN tNc oxy no,q, - qlU*

ciu 32 Hod tan 5195 gh6n hqp al,znc6 ti lQ mol 2:1 bSng HNO: lo6ng du thu duqc 1,792lit khi X ld sin phAm t tttt Ouy tttt6t Xac dinh X'

Ciu 33 Hod tan h6t2,Lo g r.o i.ong 0,1 mol HNo: vla dt th6y tho6t ra khi X ld sdn phAmkhri duy nh6t X6c clinh X

c6u 34 Cho 0,969 Cu t6c dung v6i HNOr du thu dugc 0,224litkhi X (dktc) X ld

cffu 35 Cho 12,125 g suntua kim 1o4i M c6 ho6 tri kh6ng d6i (MS) t6c dpng rr6t voi dungdich Hzso+ d{c n6ng du tho6t ra !l,2lit Soz (dktc) X6c dinh M.

Cffu 36 Cho 2,3521it CO (dktc) di qua m.g h6n hqp A gdm FeO, Fe:O+, FezO: c6 sO mol

;a"g;d ;"rg n6ng thu dugc h6n hqrp chAi ran n cho B tan htit trong dung dich HNor duffinoatruZi+ ftlO duy nh6t (dktc) C6c phdn ring xiy ra hodn todn Tinh m?

A 20,88 g B 118j2 g C' 78,88 g q ' 13'92 g

cao si cno tr6n't qrp go- r.o, Cuo, Feroo c6 so mol bang nhau t69 dgng h6t voi dung dichHNO, thhy tqo ra 1,00b Ht NO2 vd 0,112 lit NO (c6c khi o dktc) Tinh sO mol moi chgt'

A.0,04 mol B 0,03 mol C' 9:02T91 D' 0'01 mol

cffu 38 Hod tan hodn toin 12 g-h6n hqp Fe, c., (90 ti lQ mol 1:1) bdng dung dich HNor duthu dugc dung dich X vd v lit h6n hqtp 'A.z,Zllit khi Y(itktc) g6 NO, NOz c6 dlHz: 19 Tinh V'

B 3,36 lit c 4,48Iit ?-' f,6 rit ^ , Cflu 3e rr6n 84 g bQt Fe vdi 32 gbQt S riii dun n6ng (k10nq :: f6$.m|;":,1,tTgq l?l

A sau khi nung bing dung dich HCI du dugc dung dich B vd khi C DOt ch6y khi C ciin V litoxi (dktc) CLcphhnring xiy ra hodm todn Tinh V'

e to,s lit B 3g,2lit c ll,zlit D' 33,6lit

Ciu 40 Khir m g FezOr U"ng Uritr" dugc 2,7 gngdc vd h6n hqp- A g6m 4 chAt' Hoa tan Atrong dung dich HNor du tho6t ra v lit No duy nh6t (tlktc) Tinh v

R S , O l i t B 4 , 4 8 l i t c 3 , 3 6 l i t D ' 2 , 2 4 1 i t

cfru 41 Cho khi Hz di qua 6ng sri chria m g FezO: dun n6ng, sau mQt tlgi g]llthy dY?'iO,SS g h6n hqp + chhtrin uoa tan hi5t Jrqng chSt rhntr€n trong dung dich HNO: du thdytho6t u-a3g -ot NO, duy nh6t Tinh kh6i lugng HNOr dd tham gia phin ung?

A 54,18 g B 27,09 g C' 108,36 g D' 8l'27 g

cau +i oot

"n[v 16,2 gkim lo4i ulrroa ffi khong

doi) trong binh khi chria 0,15 mol oxi'cr.a, ra" trr" a"q cho tan trong dung di.n FIct du th6y tho6t ra 13,44litHz (dktc) c6c phinimg xiy ra hodn todn, x6c dinh M

v lit khi (rtktc) X6c dinh v

A.4,48 lit B 5,04 lit c' 8,3761it D .3:18-a lil "cao +i rrtOi *Ot luong khi CCi qua h6n hqp Fe, Fezor nunq 16T t]ry duoc khi B vd hon

;* ;;ffiffi; cho B qua nu6c vdi trong du thAy tao ra o g tct t* uoa tan D bing HzSo+

f :

9nryP 9dit4$\ !\9""Q*X I{9$ -

5nV-dflc n6ng du t\6y tao ra0,18 mol SOz vd 24gmu6i Xrl,c dinh % s6 mol cria Fe, FezOr'tronghdn hqpian ddu?

A o,llzlit B 0,2241it c 0,336 lit , , D' 0'448 lit

ciu 47.Hod ran hodn todn m g FerO+ vdo dung dich HNor lo6ng du, td! tl si-Io:Th t?dugc oxi ho6 thdnh NOz r6i suc vdo nudc c6 ddng oxi dC chuyi5n htit thanh HNo:' Biot sOmoi oxi tham gia vdo c6c ph6n ring trong qu6 trinh tren ld 0,15 mol Tinh m?

A 20,81 g B 162'4 g C' 13,92 g D' 139'2 g

Ciu 51 Khi dot 37 ,9 ghSn ha'p ni, introng binh khi Clo thu du gc 59,2 g

19.t h-qpjn?t.'ic[" 1oa, rrgp ndy tu" frct trong dung dich nbl {u th6y tho6t ra rl,2lit khi (dktc) Tinh khoil";t -6i li- llai A1, Zntringh6n hqp ban ddu'

A 16,2 gvd2l,7 g B' 31,4 g vd 6'5 g

C 1 0 , 8 g v d 2 7 , l g D ' 5 , 4 g v d 3 2 ' 5 g

Cffu 55 Oxi hori m6t iuqng Fe thdnh h6n hqrp X g6m FeO, Fe:Oa, FezOr cAn dtng a mol oxi'

pe iJ,i r,"t";;il hbn rrqp"X vA Fe cAn b *ot et Ti lQ a:b bing

A 0 t , 7 5 B I C ' 1 , 2 5 D ' 1 ' 5

ciu 56 TrQn 0,54 g b6t Al v6i h6n hqp FezO:, CuO riii ti6n hdnh phin ring nhiQt Al Hod tand,6r;il A ;"fr,ai img trong dung dich HNo: du thu dusc 0,896 lit (dktc) hdn hqp khi Bgdm NO, NOz Tinh ti khdi cria B so v6i Hidro?

Fe t*o thdnh b6ng HzSO r d{c,n6ng itti inu.Ayoc luqng khi Soz nhicu eilp g lAn luqng khiSOz o thi nghiQm tr6n COng thric cria oxit sdt ld

Cfru 80 Cho 7,22ghdn hqp X gO- Fe vd mQt kim loai M c6 ho6 trf kh6ng d6i, chia X thdnh

2 phdnbing nhau

PhAn 1 tric dpng v6i HCI du thu dugc 2,128lit khi (dktc)

i,il; i ;;tac?u"g

""r or"g Jitn rno: du thu dusc r,7e21it No duv nh6t (dktc)

Kim lo4i M vd % M trong h6n hgP ld

A Al v6i 53,68Yo B Cu voi25,870/o -c znvoi 48,120/o D Al v6i 22,440 'Ciu 86 Hoir tan 2,64 gh6n ho,p Fe vd Mg.bing dung dfch.HNo:|9Ang, 9y:-th.".dugc, fnorra* khri ra 0,g96 rit to dktc) h6n hq'p khi g6m No vd Nz,.c6 tj' kh6i so vdi Hz bdng 14,75.fnann phAn % theo kh6i luqng cria sft trong h6n hqp ban ddu ld

A.61,80%' B 6|,82oh' C' 38'1870' D'38'20oh

Cflu 88 Hod tan hodn todn 8,9 g h6n hqp Zn,Mgbing.dung dich HzSO-+ q19 fY dWc l'If.lit SOz (ei <Iktc), 1,6 g S(ld nhirng sin phdm khri Juy nh60 vd dung dich X' KhOi lugng mu6i

khan trong dung dich X ld

A 2 8 , 1 g B 1 8 ' l g C 3 0 , 4 g D 2 4 , 8 g

7-_c_huvon ad : pHAn tNc-o*{J g9A 559

Cffu 89 Hod tan 20,8 ghSn hqp bQt g6m FeS, FeSz, S bing dung dich HNO: dflc n6ng du,f,,, eoq 53,i6lit Nbz"(sin phAm t<4ri Ouy ntr6t, 9 dkc vd dung dich A Cho dung dich A t6cdgng v6i dung dich NaOH Ou, loc 16y todn b0 k0t ttia nung trong kh6ng khi d6n ttrOi tuqngf,ftOng - d6i thi kh6i lugng ch6t rin thu dugc lir

A 16 g B 9 g C' 8,2 g' D' 10,7 g'cfru 90 cho I 1,2 gh6nhqp cu.'a nrnloai M t6c dgng v6i dung dich HCI du thu dugc 3,136lit (dktc) ctng to-i,"g h6n'hqp ndy cho t6c dgng h6t v6i dung dich HNo: lo6ng thu dugc 3,92

ft t<fri NO 1eti., tatt pttA* khri duy nnat) Kim loai M ld

.t Mg B F; C Me ho{c Fe D' Mg hoflc zn'Cflu 93 Cho dung dich X chria 6,1 m.ol FeClz, 0,2 mol FeSOa ttrc tich dung dichKMnO+ g,BM troniHzSO+ lodng vira dir d6 oxi h6a h6t c6c ch6t trong X ld:

A 0 , 0 7 5 l i t 8 0 , 1 2 5 \ i t c 0 , 3 l i t D ' 0 ' 0 3 l i t 'ciu 95 Khft 16 gFezO: U"trg r.tti co 6 nhiet dQ cao thu tlugc lo" lry r.hnx, cho.h6n hqpxticdung v6i dung dich HNo: du thu dugc l,l2 ritkhi No duy nhSt (dktc) ttrc tictr ktriCOz(dktc) t4o ra khi khri FezO: ld

A 1 , 6 8 l i t B 6 , 7 2 l i t ' c 3 , 3 6 1 i t ' D ' l , r z l i t 'Ciu 100 Chia 10 g h6n hgrp gdm (Mg, Al, Zn) thdnh 2 phdn bAng nha1.

pht; I duqc d6t ,h6y hoatrl*n trong Oz du thu dugc 2l g h5n hgp oxit

ph6n hai hda tan trong HNOr ttac, n6"ng du thu dugc v (lit Noz (spk duy nh6t, 6 dktc)'Gi6 tri cria V ld

A 2 2 , 4 8 4 4 , 8 c 8 9 , 6 D ' 3 0 , 8 'c6u 10L Cho 36 g h6n hqp Fe, FeO, Fe:O+ t6c dung hodn todn v6i dung,dich Hzsor dac,

;G; ttSy trtoit ra 5,6' lit khi Soz o dktc (sin phAm khri duy nhdt) Tinh s6 molHzSO+ dA Phan img

A 0,5 mol 8.1 mol C'1,5 mol' D' 0'75 mol'Cao fOO dniu frfr," hqp g6m Mg vd MgO thdnh 2 phdn bing nhau:

phA"l ' Ct o ta oung'ttciu6'i dung oictr uct thu dugc 3,136lit Hz(elktc), dung dfch sau phanimg chria l4,21gmudi

phAn 2: Cho t6c jo"t^fr6, vdi dung dich HNO: thu dugc 0,448 lit khi X nguy€n ctr6t 1Ct<tc;'b; u" ril th4n vi li'm kn6 dung di.h tuu ph6n ring thu dugc 23 g mu6i COng thric phdn fiicria khi X ld

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