Bài Giảng Nhà Nước và Pháp Luật_Ôn tập thi tuyển Công chức Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Năm 2016_Phần Kiến Thức Chung _Học viện Cán Bộ TP.HCM

Chinh phu la co quan chap hanh cua Q uoc hoi, la co quan hanh chinh nha nuoc cao nh~t cua m roc ta.. Chinh phu co clnrc nang quan ly hanh chinh nha m roc tren t~t ca cac linh V lJC, ngan

B id: NHA NU<1C vA PHAp LuA T gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

1 ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA N h a n u t r c

1 N guon g6e, ban chat cua nha m roc

2 BQ m ay nha nuocMLKJIHGFEDCBA

I I P h t i p l u i j t

1 Ban eh~t

2 Chirc nang cua phap luat

3 V an ban quy pham phap luat

III. P h t i p c h i

1 K hai niem phap che

2 Tinh t~t y~u phai tang cuong phap eh~ X H CN

3 Cac bien phap nham tang cuong phap eh~ X H CN

II NHA.NUOC

1 N guon gac, ban ch§t cua N ha m nrc

.: K hi X H phat trien d€n m ot trinh d9 nhat dinh

q xuftt hien ch€ d9 tu htru

q X H phan chia thanh cac giai cap

q N ha nuoc ra doi

•

, nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

~ C6 S\I phan chia dan cir theo lanh th6

~ C6 su thiet lap be> m ay cai tri d?c biet

~ C6 su xac dinh chu quyen Q uoc gia

~ C6 su ban hanh phap luat

N ha nuoc ta hien nay la N ha m roc

an da

Ban chA t cua N ha nurrc CH X H CN V i~t N am :

o N h a n u a c t a m a n g t i n h g i a i c l i p c o n g n h i i n V N

~ N N ta duoc t6 chirc & hoat dong duoi su lanh dao

cuaD CSV N

~ N N ta duoc t6 chirc & hoat dong dua tren co s a

hoc thuyet M ac-Lenin va Tu tuong H eM

~ N N ta th€ hien y chi & bao v~ 19i ich cua giai cfrp

CN V N (va dong dao N D LD V N )

~ N N , ta la be> m ay trfrn ap nhung phan ttr di nguoc

lai voi 19i ich cua N D LD

2

uMLKJIHGFEDCBA N h a n u t r c ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA t a ' l a N h i : n u t i c c u a d i i n , d o d i i n , v i d t i n gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

l

:~ Tfit ca quyen luc cua N N ta thuoc v€ nhan dan

~ N N ta do nhan dan thanh l~p

'~ M 9i hoat dong cua N N ta nham rnuc dich phuc vu ;

loi ich cua nhan dan

2 B p m a y n h a n u t r c V i f t n a m :

D i e a v a o c l u e c n a n g c o b a n c u a c a c C Q N N

t h i B M N N t a g a i n c o :

»H ~ thong cac CQ quyen Iuc N N

»H ~ thong cac CQ hanh chinh N N

»H ~ thong cac CQ xet xu

~ H ~ thong cac CQ kiem sat

( va m ot che dinh d?c biet la Chu tich nuoc)

BO M A Y N H A N V <Y C V I~:T N A M (Theo IU ¥I m m A hil "am 2015) gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

- - _ I S~1111N IITH A N II ~ 81,1LA N il \)~O , G IA M SA T

• l.a p h ie n , la p p h a p

• O u y e t d jn h nhfrng v a n d ~

quan tro n q c u a dat nuoc

4

thurm g

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QH

Cae

Uy ban

C d c u y b a n c u a Q U 6 e h p i :

( n g o a i r a k h i c a n t h i i t c o n t h a n h I f j p 1sa c a q u a n k l u i c )

C d c c l u c c d a n h c o b a n t r o n g Q u a e h ~ i : nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

•

- Chu tich Q H

- Cac pho chu tich Q H

- Cac uy vien cua U BTV Q H

- Chu tich, pho chu tich va uy vien H D D T

- Chu nhiem , pho chu nhiem va uy vien cua cac

Uy ban cua Q H

J h e o L u a t m i r i c o n co t h e m T 6 n g t h u l e V Q H )

. b Chu tich nurrc

•

, .: Chu tich nuoc Ia nguoi dirng dau N ha

m roc, thay m at m nrc CH X H CN V N v~

doi noi va dai ngoai,

,

( N g u y e n t h u Q u o e G i a )

• CTN do Q H bau trong so cac dai bieu Q H

• N hiem ky cua CTN theo nhiem ky cua Q H

c C hinh ph":

.: Chinh phu la co quan chap hanh cua Q uoc

hoi, la co quan hanh chinh nha nuoc cao

nh~t cua m roc ta

•: Chinh phu co clnrc nang quan ly hanh

chinh nha m roc tren t~t ca cac linh V lJC,

nganh nghe tren toan the lanh tho nuoc ta ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

•: T r o n g C h i n h MLKJIHGFEDCBA p h u g 6 m c o :

• ' C a e c a q u a n n g a n g hr

* C h i n h p h u V N h i ~ n n a y c o 18 br v a

4 c a q u a n n g a n g br

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Cae thanh vieD eua CP gom :MLKJIHGFEDCBA

• T h i i ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA t u t r n g C P

• C d c p h 6 t h i l t u t r n g C P

• C d c br t r u o n g v a t h u t r u o n g c a q u a n n g a n g br

~ TTg do Q H bau then d~ nghi cua CTN

~ Cac ph6 TTg, cac BT do TTg d~ nghi, Q H

d H D N D va U BN D

•H D N D vel U BN D duoc thanh l~p 6 3 cap

chinh quyen dia phuong (cap tinh, c~p

: huyen, c~p xa).

?

•H D N D la co quan dai bieu cua nhan dan

dia phuong.

•H D N D la co quan quyen luc nha nuoc 6

dia phuong.

8

H£)}\D co 2 chuc nang:

l\a phuong

.GiaUl sat tren ula ban ula phuong

• Cac chu

c danhgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA i:f HDND: chu t\ch, pho chu tich va m Ot55 chuC danP. kha

c

_UBND la cO <luan ch~P hanh cua H£)ND,

ac aUla

nha nu

h

ngh~ tren U\aban U\a phUong 6 UBND c~p tlnh va c~p huy~n co cac co

(c

9

• onmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAU BN D cap xa co cac chirc danh chuyen

m on - nghiep V \l

(tu phap - hQ tich, xay dung - dia chinh, V H

-X H , van phong - thong ke, tai chinh - ke toan

)

• Cac thanh vien cua U BN D gom chu tich, ph6

chu tich va uy vien cua U BN D

• Cac chirc danh nay dSu do H D N D cling cap

b a u

e T A N D va V K SN D

.: H ~ thong TA N D va V K SN D bao gom :

~ TA N D va V K SN D c~p cao

~ T A N D va V K SN D c~p tinh

~ TA N D va V K SN D cap huyen

~ T A va V K S quan SlJ

.: T A N D co clnrc nang xet XU',

thuc hien quyen tir phap.ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

10

.: Cac chtrc danh co ban trong TA N D la chanh

an, ph6 chanh an va th§m phan TA N D :

- Chanh an TA N D TC do Q H b~u

- Pho chanh an TA N D TC do CTN gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAb 6 nhiem

- Th~m phan TA N D TC va th~m phan cac TA khac do

CTN b 6 nhiem

- Chanh an, pho chanh an TA N D cfrp ca o , TA N D cfrp

tinh va cfrp huyen

do chanh an TA N D TC b 6 nhiern

•: V K SN D c6 chirc nang thuc hanh quye

, ?

». .cong to va kiem sat hoat dong tu phap ,

(D iSu tra; xet XlI';

thi hanh an;

giam gitr, cai tao)ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

- V ie n trU 'a n g V K S N D T C d o Q H

b a u

- P h 6 v ie n tru o n q v a k ie rn s a t v ie n

V K S N D T C d o c h u tic hnmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAnuoc bo

n h ie rn

- V ie n tru o n q , p h 6 v ie n tn ro n q va k ie m

s a t v i e n V K S N D c a p c a o v a V K S N D

c a p tln h , c a p h u y e n d o v ie n trU 'a n g

V K S N D to i c a o bo n h ie rn

,ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

K e t l u i i n :

•

+:+ N N chi ra doi khi X H phat trien d~n m ot trinh

dQ nhat dinh

+:+ N N ta m ang tinh giai cc1p CN V N ; N N ta la

N N cua dan, do dan, vi dan

+:+ Trong BM N N co nhieu CQ N N ; m 6i CQ N N

co vi tri phap 1;' va chirc nang nhat dinh

12

I I I nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAPH A P LU ~T

1 Ban ch§t cua PL

.: PL ra doi cling voi N N

.: Ban chat cua PL nuoc ta thS hien 0' nhtrng noi

dung sau:

>-ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA P L n u i r c t a m a n g t i n h g i a i c a p c i m g n h i i n V N

rPL nuoc ta do N N ta ban hanh, nen PL nuoc ta

cling m ang ban chat giong N N ta (m ang tinh giai

cfip CN V N )

rPL m roc ta la cong cu, phuong tien th~ ch~ hoa

duong l6i, chu tnrong, chinh sach cua D ang ta

>- P L n u t r c t a m a n g t i n h n h i i n d i i n , t i n h d i i n t 9 c

( l a P L c u a d t i n , d o d i i n , v i d i i n ) :

r PL nuoc ta do nhan dan lam ra

(m ot each gian tiep hoac true tiep)

r PL m roc ta phuc vu loi ich cua N D

r PL nuoc ta la cong cu phuong tien d~ phat huy

nhirng truyen thong t6t dep cua dan toc V N

~ P L n u t r c t a m a n g t i n l t n h i i n MLKJIHGFEDCBA t / f l O X H C N nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

/ PL m roc ta chu y~u duoc bao dam thuc hien

bang giao due, thuyet phuc (con chi cuong

che khi th?t c~n thiet)

/ PL m roc ta qui dinh nhieu bien phap cuong

ch~ (nhung khong co BPCC nao gay dau

don v~ th~ xac hoac ha nhuc con nguoi)

/ C6 nhieu qui dinh th~ hien che dO khoan

h6ng

2 ChgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAu'c nang ciia PL

Phap lu~t co 3 chirc nang co' ban sau:

o C h t e c n i i n g d i i u c h i n h

cho cac chu th~ )

~ PL dua ra cac qui djnh:

,/ C~m lam gi?

,/ D uoc Iam gi?

14

oZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA C h t c c n i i n g b a o MLKJIHGFEDCBA V ?nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

(baa v~ nhu cau, 19i ich chinh dang hop

phap cua cac chu the)

~ PL dira ra cac ch~ tai d~ baa v~ (xac dinh

pharn )

o C h t r c n i i n g g i d o d u e

~ giao due y thirc PL cho nguoi dan.

3 V an ban qui pham phap lu~t

a ) K h a i n i e m V B Q P P L :

Luat ban hanh V BQ PPLdugc thong qua ngay

2 2 / 6 / 2 0 1 5 (Co hieu luc tir 0 1 / 7 1 2 0 1 6 ) :

"V an ban quy pham phap luat hi van ban co

chtra quy pham phap luat, diroc ban hanh then dung

tham quyen, hinh thirc, trinh tu, thu tuc quy dinh

trong Luat nay."

b ) C d c I o a i ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA V B Q P P L :

H e t h 6 n g V B Q P P L t h e o L u f L t b a n I U l n h V B Q P P L

t l u O ' c t h o n g q u a 2 2 / 6 / 2 0 1 5 ( c o h i e u l u ' c t i t ' 0 1 / 7 / 2 0 1 6 )nmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

1 H i~n phap.

2 BQ luat, luat (sau day goi chung la luat), nghi quyet cua

Q uoc hoi

3 Phap lenh, nghi quyet cua Uy ban thuong vu Q uoc hoi;

nghi quyet lien tich gitra Uy ban thuorig vu Q uoc hoi voi

D oan Chu tich Uy ban trung uong M at tran T6 quoc V iet

N am

5 N q h ] d in h c u a C h in h p h u ; n q h ] q u y e t lie n tic h g iC fa C h in h p h u

v o i D o a n C h u tic h U y b a n tru n g lJ 'O 'n g M ~ t tra n T o q u o c V i$ t

N a m

6 O u y e t d jn h c u a T h u tlJ 'a n g C h in h p h u

7 N q h ] q u y e t c u a H < )id 6 n g T h a rn p h a n T e a a n n h a n d a n to i c a o

8 T h o n g tlJ ' c u a C h a n h a n T e a a n n h a n d a n to i c a o ; th o n g tu

c u a V ie n trlJ '< Y n gV ie n k ie rn s a t n h a n d a n to i c a o ; th o n g tu c u a B < )

tru o n q , T h u tm < Y n g c o q u a n n g a n g b o ; th o n g tu lie n tic h g iC fa

C h a n h a n T e a a n n h a n d a n to i c a o v o 'i V ie n trlJ '< Y n gV ie n k i~ m

s a t n h a n d a n to i c a o ; th o n g tu lie n tic h g iC fa B < ) trlJ '< Y n g ,T h u

tru o n q c o q u a n n g a n g b < ) v o i C h a n h a n T e a a n n h a n d a n to i

c a o , V ie n trlJ '< Y n gV ie n k i~ m s a t n h a n d a n to i c a o ; q u y e t d in h c u a

T o n g K i~ m to a n n h a n u o c

.'

16

9 N ghi quyet cua HQi dong nhan dan tinh, thanh ph6 true thuoc trung

irong (sau day goi chung la dp tinh) •

1O Q uyet dinh cua U y ban nhan daD cap tinh.

11 V an ban quy pham phap lu~t cua chinh quyen dia phuongZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA a don vigfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

h a n h chinh - kinh t~ dac biet.

12 N ghi quyet cua HQi dong nhan dan huyen, quan, thi xa, thanh ph6

thuoc tinh, thanh ph6 thuoc thanh ph6 tnrc thuoc trung irong (sau day

goi chung la dp huyen).

13 Q uyet dinh cua U y ban nhan dan dp huyen.

14 N ghi quyet cua HQi d6ng nhan dan xa, phirong, thi tr~n (sau day goi

chung la cap xa).

15 Q uyet dinh cua U y ban nhan dan cap xa.

c) H ieu luc cua V BQ PPL:

: H i e u MLKJIHGFEDCBA / lf C t h e o t h o i g i a n c u a V B Q P P L

./ V BQ PPL duoc ap dung trong khoang thai gian

./ Cach tinh thai diem b~t dftu va thai diem cham

dill hieu hrc cua V BQ PPL?

./ C6 hieu lire h6i t6 khong?

: H i e u / lf C t h e o k h o n g g i a n c u a V B Q P P L

./ V BQ PPL duoc ap dung trong khoang khong gian

./ Cach xac dinh hieu lire thee khong gian cua

V BQ PPL

"MLKJIHGFEDCBA

: H i e u l ( r c ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA t h e o t l a i t t r o n g t i p d u n gnmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA ./ V BQ PPL duoc ap dung d6i voi nh6m

doi tuong nao? (A p dl}ng d/v ai?)

./ C6 ap dung doi voi CD V N song a m roc ngoaikhong?

./ C6 ap dung d6i voi nguoi m roc ngoai song a V N khong?

./ C6 ap dung d6i voi nguoi nuoc ngoai song a m roc ngoai khong?

K i t l u i i n :

.: Phap luat la tong hop cac qui t~c X l!' su chung, do

N ha nuoc d?t ra hoac thira nhan, nh~m di~u chinh cac

bien phap cuong ch~ nha nuoc :

.: PL nuoc CH X H CN V N m ang tinh giai c~p CN V N ; tinh nhan dan, tinh dan tQC va tinh nhan dao X H CN

•: H inh tlnrc cua PL V N la V BQ PPL C6 dt nhi~u loai

V BQ PPL.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

-18

1111 pHAp cHEnmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

1 KhtiiZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA n i e m p i t t i p cite

.: Phap che duoc hieu la viec thuc hien

phap luat m ot each thuong xuyen, d fty du,

chinh xac va thong nhat cua t~t ca cac chu

?

the phap luat.

~ D ~ thuc hien thanh cong cong CUQC d6i m oi (;

nuoc ta hien nay doi hoi phai tang cuong PC

dan chu, cong bang, van m inh" thi phai tang

cuong PC

~ D ~ khac phuc tinh trang vi pham phap luat xay ra

thuong xuyen thi phai tang cuong PC

9/26/2016

inmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBACac bi~n 'p h a p nham tang cuong phap ch~ X H CN

•: D fty m anh cong tic xay dung phap luat

•: T6 chirc t5t cong tac thuc hien PL

viec thuc hien PL

•: K ien toan bQ m ay nha m ro c

,,~ - -ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

K i t l u l j n :

.: Phap ch€ la viec thuc hien phap Iuat m ot

each nghiem chinh

•: M uon tang cuong PC X H CN a nuoc ta hien nay thi phai tien hanh dong bQ m ot h~ thong

20