V i d^ji 3: Dot chay hoan toan hon hgp X gom hai andehit no, mach ho, thu dugc so mol nude dung bang so' mol X phan ung.. Ngung ty toan bp X roi chia f lam hai phan bang nhau.. Lot gid
Trang 1' C^m nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chiiy6n H6a hpc - Nguyjn Van Hai
Bai 18:
Luu y: Phenol la cac hg-p cha't c6 n h o m - O H d i n h true tiep vao v6n
benzen D o v^iy, cac chat la phenol bao g o m (1), (4), (5), (6) o.* 1- , , ^
V i X tac d y n g v o l N a t h u dvtgc so'mol k h i bang so m o l X da phan rnig nen
X C O 2 n h o m - O H Cac cong thuc cau tao thoa m a n :
<-a Cong t h u c <-a n d e h i t r o f m 0 < ra yjiidJ -UprA
- A n d e h i t no, d a n chuc: C.iH2n + i C H O n > 0 " « m m £ ' n 6 ) trh ,• nV
- A n d e h i t no, hai chiic: CnH2n(CHO)2 n > 0 H}ii and ;^!ivt n i i i f q ht <
-I, D a n h p h a p ^H*'^*: , f-jo ^M:} i l C )
H C H O : andehit fomic hoac fomandehit; r.g Sf;.|> = 80t *f)^r: ~ , ir; (
CH3CHO : andehit axetic hoac axetandehit
+ Dfl«« phap thay the
H C H O : metanal; CHsCHO: etanal; CH3-CH2- C H O : propanal
Trang 2Ca'm nang On luy^n thi dgi hpc 18 chuy6n Si H6a hqc - Nguyjn Van Hi\
3n + 1 - m _ _ ^ ,
—> = 2,5 —> m = 3n-4
Lieu y: Doi voi ancol ta c6: so'nhom chuc < so'nguyen tu C - > m <n
- > m = 3n-4 < n - > n < 2 ,
Mat khac: m > 0 - > m = 3 n ^ > 0 - > n > 1,33 .i)
Vay chi CO n = 2 va m = 3.2 - 4 = 2 thoa man ->• X la C2H4(OH)2
So do phan ling hoa hQc: (I < n ,s:((,.)Hr,)),f.;;Hn3 vkisihlm xj Jai '
H O - C H 2 - C H 2 - O H > H O C - C H O )• 4Ag 'l^'^-'f
Mol: 0,01 0,01 0,04
- > m Ag = 0,04.108 = 4,32 gam - > Dap an A ' '
r^f' ,
V i d u 2: Qua trinh nao sau day khone tao ra andehit axetic?
A CH2=CH2 + H2O (t°, xuc tac HgS04)
V i d^ji 3: Dot chay hoan toan hon hgp X gom hai andehit (no, mach ho), thu
dugc so mol nude dung bang so' mol X phan ung Mat khac, cho 0,05 mol X
tac dyng voi lugng d u AgNOs trong dung dich NHs sinh ra m gam Ag Gia
tri cua m la
A 43,2 B.10,8 * C.5,40 D 21,6
Lm gtat:
Nhqn xet: Neu do't chay 1 mol X thu dugc 1 mol H2O , ,
- > So nguyen tu H trung binh trong X = —SiE = 2 i g n f i i J 1« nr
-> Moi andehit trong X deu chiia 2 nguyen tu H Hai andehit no, m^ch
ho la H C H O va H O C - C H O ft u
Luu y: C a hai andehit deu tac dyng voi AgNOs trong NH3 va sinh ra 4Ag
- > nAg = 4nx = 0,2 mol m^g =0,2.108 = 21,6 gam ,
- » D a p a n D i,„,.,., • : H „
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t
Vi 4 (A-12): Hidrat hoa 5,2 gam axetilen voi xiic tac H g S 0 4 trong moi truong axit, dun nong Cho toan bg cac chat h u u co sau phan ung vao mgt lugng du dung dich A g N 0 3 trong N H 3 thu dugc 44,16 gam ket tua Hi^u suat phan ling hidrat hoa axetilen la , ,
A 60% , B.80% C.92% " D 70%
Lofigidi: , ,
5 2
= = 0,2 mol Phan ung hoa hgc:
C H ^ C H + H2O > C H 3 C H O i(}m k>m m:0 i A')::"
Luu y: C H s C H O va C H = C H (du) deu tac dung voi dung dich A g N 0 3
trong NHs de tao thanh ket tua ' " 1 ' " ' ' """
C H 3 C H O + Ag20 + NH3 — ^ CH3COONH4 + 2 A g ^ | j r Mol: a • ^ 2a
C H = C H + 2AgN03 + 2NH3 > AgCsCAg>l^ + 2NH4NO3
Mol: 0 , 2 - a H O 0,2 - a to:*fi6 aiidt goo.:)
Theo bai: 108.2a + 240(0,2 - a) = 44,16 - > a = 0,16 i eorl g s w mm u _^ H = -^^.100% = 8 0 % - > D a p a n B + H O - c H > 3
0,2
Vi du 5: Cho 0,125 mol andehit mach ho X phan ung voi lugng d u dung dich
A g N 0 3 trong N H 3 thu dugc 27 gam Ag Mat khac, hidro hoa hoan toan 0,25 mol X can vira dii 0,5 mol H2 Day dong dang cua X co cong thiic
Dap an D
303
Trang 3e l m nang On luyjn thi dgi hqc 18 chuytn dg H6a hQC - NguySn Van Hi\
Vi dv 6: Day gom cac cha't deu tac dung voi AgNOs trong dung dich NHs, la:
J A Andehit axetic, but-l-in, etilen B Andehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in
J C Axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin D Andehit fomic, axetilen, etilen
Lai giai:
Nhqn xet: Cac andehit hoac hidrocacbon c6 hidro dinh vao cacbon noi ba se
tac dung dugc voi AgNOs/NHs
Loai A, B, D vi etilen (CH2=CH2) va but-2-in (CHj-C^C-CHs) khong phan
Cty Jhr.- 1TV DWH Khang Vi$t
ung
i,73f"-Dap a n C
V i d\ 7: Oxi hoa 0,08 mol mpt ancol don chiic, thu dupe hon hpp X gom mot
axit cacboxylic, mot andehit, ancol du va nude Ngung ty toan bp X roi chia
f lam hai phan bang nhau Phan mpt eho tac dving het vai Na du, thu duoc
0,504 lit khi H2 (dktc) Phan hai cho phan ung trang bac hoan toan thu duoc
9,72 gam Ag Phan tram kho'i lupng ancol bj oxi hoa la
A 50,00% B 62,50% C 31,25% D 40,00%
Lot gidi:
nH2 = 0,0225 mol; n A g = 0,09 mol f J : O M § A S + H D s t '
Gpi cong thuc ancol la R- C H 2 - O H B - S / ) !
Cac phan ung hoa hpc (tinh cho 0,04 mol ancol): 0)0{ £ + B£.80! ;i&d r
Khi cho phan 2 thuc hif n phan ung trang bac thi c6 2 truong hpp:
+ Neu R 7i H —> chi CO R C H O (a mol) eo phan ung trang bac
nAg = 2a = 0,09 -> a = 0,045 >0,04 ^ Loai iV'
+ Neu R = H ^ H C H O (a mol) va H C O O H (b mol) deu tham gia phan ung
A 2 B.3 C.4 D.6
Lot gidi:
l^Ihan xet: Cac cha't eo nhom chue andehit moi khu dupe AgNOa trong dung
dich NHa Do la: Andehit fomic, axit fomie, glucozo, metyl fomat
Luu y: Cac hidrocacbon c6 hidro dinh vao cacbon no'i ba nhu axetilen, vinylaxetilen ciing eo phan ung vai AgNOa trong dung dich N H 3 nhung
don thuan chi la phan ung trao doi:
H C s C H + 2AgN03 + 2NH3 > AgC = CAg^^ + 2 N H 4 N O 3
—> Dap an C a fit o«
Vi du 9: Khi oxi hoa hoan toan 2,2 gam mpt andehit don chuc thu dupe 3 gam axit tuong ung Cong thuc eiia andehit la
-> Andehit la CHaCHO Dap an D
du 10: Dot chay hoan toan andehit X, thu dupe the tich khi CO2 bang the
tich hoi nuoc (trong ciing dieu kien nhift dp, ap suat) Khi cho 0,01 mol X tac dung voi mpt lupng du dung dich AgN03/NH3 thi thu dupe 0,04 mol
Nhan xet: Dot chay andehit X thu dupe ncoj = " H 2 O -> X la andehit no,
don chuc, mach ho —> Loai A va D .= v„ >n w iidsi.nr;n; = v ,
Mat khac khi X tham gia phan ung trang bgc: y
X la H C H O - ) - D a p an B
n A g = 4 n x
Trang 4Ca'm nang 6n luy^n thi dgi hqc 18 chuy6n dg H6a hpc - Nguygn Van HSi
V i d\ 11: A n d e h i t no mach ho X c6 cong thiic d o n gian nhat C2H3O Cong th\t^
phan tie cua X la
A C8H12O4 B C6H9O3 C C2H3O D C4H6O2
Lot giai:
Cong thuc andehit no, mach h o c6 dang CnH2n+2-m(CHO)m
Theo bai, X C O dang C 2 H 3 a O a '-u .i ^
Cho so nguyen t u C, H , O ciia hai cong thuc bang nhau, ta c6:
n + m = 2a; 2n + 2 = 3a; m = a ^ n = m = a = 2
X la C2H4(CHO)2 ^ D a p a n D r^n-r - - '
V i du 12: Cho hon h g p k h i X g o m H C H O va H 2 d i qua ong su d u n g bgt Ni
n u n g nong Sau k h i phan u n g xay ra hoan toan, t h u dugc hon hgp khi y
g o m hai chat h i i u co D o t chay het Y thi thu dugc 11,7 gam H 2 O va 7,84 lit
khi C O 2 (dktc) Phan tram theo the tich ciia H 2 trong X la
J A 46,15% B 35,00% C 53,85% D 65,00%
Lai giai:
nco2 - ^ = 0 , 3 5 m o l ; nH^o = ^ - 0 , 6 5 m o l
NMn xet: Bai nay neu giai dua theo p h u o n g t r i n h phan u n g se rat dai dong
va mat thoi gian
N e n ap d u n g bao toan nguyen to dua theo so do:
X ( H C H a H 2 ) — ^ Y - ^ ^ 2 _ ^ C O 2 + H 2 O "^'B'S
Bao toan nguyen to H : nncHO + "H2 = i^HaO = 0,65 m o l
Bao toan nguyen to C: nucHO = "002 = ^'35 m o l -> n n j = 0,3 m o l
• ^ % V H - — 100%-46,15% -> Dap an A *«<3 ;0f
^ 0,35 + 0,3 ^
V i d\ 13: O x i hoa het 2,2 gam hon h g p X gom hai ancol don chuc thanh
andehit can v u a d u 4,8 gam CuO Cho toan bg l u g n g andehit tren tac dung
v o i l u g n g d u d u n g dich AgNOa/NHs, thu dugc 23,76 gam A g H a i ancol la:
A C H 3 O H , C 2 H 5 C H 2 O H B C H 3 O H , C 2 H 5 O H 1
C C 2 H S O H , C 3 H 7 C H 2 O H D C 2 H 5 O H , C 2 H 5 C H 2 O H
Lai giai: fi;)^„-:n ,
Phuong trinh hoa hgc:
dii 14: De h i d r o hoa hoan toan 0,025 m o l hon h g p X g o m hai andehit mach
ho CO kho'i l u g n g 1,64 gam, can 1,12 lit k h i H 2 (dktc) M a t khac, ciing l u g n g
X tren phan l i n g v o i m g t l u g n g d u d u n g dich AgN03/NH3 t h i t h u dugc 8,64 gam A g Cong thuc cau tao cua hai andehit trong X la i ><;'!, ;, i , iu t
V i dv 15: Cho 2,9 gam m g t andehit X mach ho, phan u n g hoan toan v o i l u g n g
d u d u n g dich AgNOs/NHs t h u dugc 21,6 gam A g Cong thiic cau tao t h u
V i du 16: Cho 0,1 m o l hon h g p X g o m hai andehit (no, d o n chvic, mach ho, ke
tiep nhau trong day dong dSng) tac d y n g v o i l u g n g d u d u n g dich AgN03/NH3, d u n nong thu dugc 32,4 gam A g H a i andehit t r o n g X la
Trang 5dm nang On luygn thi dji hpc 18 chuyfin ii H6a hqc - Nguygn Van Hai
2 A X I T C A C B O X Y L I C
a Congthuc ^it••'iM::>r?:)) c;f?: '^fj + <r:j*!ft,0 •= „;.y „
- A x i t no, d o n chuc: C n H 2 n t i C O O H (n > 0) hoac C m H 2 m 0 2 , ^
A x i t no, hai chuc: CnH2n(COOH)2 ( n > 0 ) h o a c CmH2m-204
- A x i t khong no (mot noi doi C=C), don chuc: C n H 2 n - i C O O H (n > 2)
b Danh phap
+ Danh phdp thong thifotig
H C O O H : axit fomic; C H i C O O H : Axit axetic; C 2 H S C O O H : axit propionic
+ Danh phap thay the ) \,;t1,>-ii '
CH3 - C O O H : etanoic; CU^ - C H ( C H 3 ) - C O O H : 2-metylpropanoic
c Mot so axit thuang gap
+ Axit no, dan chitc: H C O O H {axit fomic); C H 3 C O O H {axit axetic);
C H 3 C H 2 C O O H {axit propionic)
+ Axit no, da chuc: H O O C - C O O H {axit oxalic); H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H {axit
malonic); H O O C - ( C H 2 ) 4 - C O O H {axit adipic) ? \[ • / -A el
+ Axit khong no (mot noi doi C=C), dan chuc: + xlK
C H 2= C H - C O O H {axit acrylic); C H 2 = C ( C H ) 3 - C O O H {axit metacrylic)
+ Axit tham: CeHs-COOH {axit benzoic) » , , \
d Tinh chat hoa hgc < KiHuf-^qA l u o i nhi,< •, ) i J ) , r
+ Tdcdungvaikim loqi: ' ' i b f l | f i h i " i
C H 3 C O O H + N a > CHsCOONa + 0 , 5 H 2 BI ' ^
+ Tdc dung vai muo'i ' ' ' i H > s H
C H 3 - C O O H + NaHCOs > CHsCOONa + C O 2 + H2O
+ Phan ungestehoa • <
C H 3 - C O O H + C2H5OH < > CH3COOC2H5 + 2H2O
+ Tinh chat neng cua mot so axit
A x i t fomic c6 phan u n g trang bac: ' " , "'^1 '
H - C O O H + A g 2 0 + 2NH3 (NH4)2C03 + 2 A g
A x i t khong no c6 tinh chat giong anken (lam mat mau nude brom, triing
hop, ):
C H 2 = C H - C O O H + Br2 > C H a B r - C H B r - C O O H ^'
+ Phan ung dot chay ^
-Dot chay axit no, d o n chuc, thu dugc so m o l CO2 bang so m o l H2O
CnH2n02 + ( l , 5 n - l ) 0 2 — ^ nC02 + nHaO
" D V M A U -v^A ii!
y i dy 1: T i u n g hoa 5,48 gam hon hop X gom axit axetic, phenol va axit
benzoic, can diing 600ml dung dich N a O H 0,1M Co can d u n g dich sau phan u n g , thu dugc m gam chat ran khan Gia tri ciia m la
A 8,64 B 6,84 , , d (,v= C 4,90 nmri n D- 6,80 ^^.^^ ^ j : ;
Loigidi: >'';5' ,<Fnd
Jslhqn xet: X tac d u n g vdi N a O H theo ti le m o l 1:1
So do phan ung: X + N a O H > M u o i + H2O i o i n a ^ O O Nhan thay: n H 2 0 = r ' N a O H = 0,6.0,1 =0,06 mol I m n - ' Bao toan khoi lugng: ' ^ , i ; s
m H 2 0 = m x + m w a O H - m H 2 0 = 5,48 + 0,06.40 - 18.0,06 = 6,80 gam
—>• Dap an D • M , , ^ ^, ,>( , • ,
V i d v 2: Dot chay hoan toan 10,8 gam hon h g p M gom m g t axit cacboxylic X (no, d o n chuc, mach ho) va mgt ancol d o n chuc Y, thu dugc 0,35 m o l C O 2
va 0,5 m o l H 2 O Ten ggi cua este tgo thanh til-X va Y la
A Metyl axetat B Etyl butirat ' w J v ,
C Etyl propionat " -^^^ D Metyl propionat T; ' '
Lot gtat:
Nhqn xet: X la axit no, d o n chuc, mach h d -> k h i dot chay X thu dugc
n C 0 2 ' ^ H 2 0 Mat khac, k h i dot chay M , t h u dugc n H 2 0 > "CO2 Y la ancol no, don
-> S d n g u y e n t u cacbon trung binh: C ( M ) = - r - r r = 1/4 , 1
-> M chua m g t chat chua 1 nguyen t u cacbon ^ ^ , ^, ^ Ne'u X chiia 1 nguyen t u cacbon X la H C O O H = 0,1 m o l ' ' ,
Trang 6V i 3: O x i hoa 0,1 mol mpt ancol d a n chiic, thu dug-c hon hgp X gom
axit cacboxylic, mgt andehit, ancol d u v a nuoc Ngung tu toan bg X roi chjg
ur lam hai phan bang nhau Phan mgt cho tac dung het v a i N a d u , thu dug^
0,784 lit khi H 2 (dktc) Phan hai cho phan ung trang bac hoan toan thu dugc
10,8 gam Ag Phan tram so'mol ancol bi oxi hoa la
A 60% B.65% C.75% D 80%
< nH2 = 0/035 mol; nAg= 0,1 mol \* Htj«:/' - >: u - f - >
Ggi cong thuc ancol la R - C H 2 - O H ' ' ilo / ; f ' : < ' '
Cac phan ung hoa hgc (tinh cho 0,05 mol ancol): ;jnr>fjf if>fl,{
- > 0,04 - (a + b) + b + a+b = 2 nH, = 0,07 mol ^ b = 0,03 mol ,'
Khi cho phan 2 thuc hi^n phan ung trang b^c thi c6 2 truang hgpij^ ^
+ Neu R H —> chi c6 R C H O (a mol) c6 phan ung trang bac
V i d^ 4: H o a hoi 8,64 gam hon hgp M gom axit X (no, don chuc, mach ho) va
axit Y (no, da chuc Y , mach cacbon ho, khong phan nhanh) thu dugc mot
the tich hoi bang the tich cua 2,8 gam N 2 (do trong cung dieu ki§n nhi^t dP/
ap suat) Dot chay hoan toan 8,64 gam M , thu dugc 11,44 gam C 0 2 Phan
tram kho'i lugng cua X trong M la v >
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi?t
fslhdn xet: Y la axit no, da chuc, c6 mach cacbon ho, khong phan nhanh —>
K y chiia 2 nhom chuc (vi neu chufa tu 3 nhom chuc tro len, mgch cacbon se
K phan nhanh). 3^ ; > c - • M ^ f c b 1 t ,:^,; ••
B Theo bai: nx = n ^ j = 0/1 mol , ,
H ' "' 0 26 ' "* * '
K So nguyen tu cacbon trung binh: C(X) = —— = 2,6
m Phan tu khoi trung binh: M(x) = = 86,4 '? ^ 'V - ''
H ' 0,1 /<";•) io'-ff I ••• -')•;'•••
H Mgt axit chua so'nguyen tu cacbon < 2,6 Chia 2 truong hgp:
• i Truong hop 1: Neu so cacbon ciia Y < 2,6 -> Y chua 2 C (vi Y da chuc) -> Y la
m H O O C - C O O H
• Mat khac: M Y = 90 > 86,4 Mx < 86,4 ^ X la H C O O H hoac C H 3 C O O H
^ p V o li v i so'cacbon ciia X > 2,6
m Truong hop 2: Neu so cacbon ciia X < 2,6 ^ X la H C O O H hoac C H 3 C O O H
H Ggi cong thuc ciia Y la CnH2n-204 (b mol)
A axit propionic B axit oxalic C axit malonic D axit adipic
Cong thuc chung ciia axit no, m^ch ho: CnH2n+2-m(COOH)m (.^^j^^jcj |,,, Theo bai, X c6 cong thuc la C n H i 0 2 n ^, ^
Cho cac nguyen tu tuong ung 0 hai cong thiic bang nhau, ta c6: , $
n + m = a; 2n + 2 = a; 2m = 2a ^ a = m = 2; n= 0
^ X la ( C O O H ) 2 ^ C a u tao: H O O C - C O O H ^ Dap an B
V i d\ 6: C h o 12 gam axit cacboxylic X (no, don chuc) tac dung hoan toan vdi 200ml dung dich gom K O H I M va N a O H 2M C o can dung dich thu dugc 35,6 gam hon hop chat ran khan Cong thuc ciia X la , , ,
Trang 7dm nang On luygn thi dji hpc 18 chuy6n d8 H6a hgc - Nguyin Van H5i
Tuy nhien, bai nay duoc giai nhanh chong khi ap dung bao toan khoi luono
^ mH20= 12 + 0,2.56 + 0,4.40 - 35,6 = 3,6 gam nH20= 0,2 mol
12 Mat khac: nH20= n a x u - ^ Maxit = = 60 - » Axit la C H a C O O H
-> Dap an D ' » i
V i du 7: H o n hgp X gom hai axit cacboxylic don chuc Dot chay hoan toan i
mol X can 2,4 mol O2, thu dugc C O 2 va 2 mol H 2 O Cong thiic hai axit la
+ So nguyen tu H trung binh == ^ = — = 4
-> Loai B va D (vi cac axit chiia so'nguyen tu H > 4 " '
+ So nguyen tu C trung binh = ^ ^ ^ ^ = M = 2,4 " " x ""'"^
' -> Loai A (vi cac axit chua so'nguyen tu C < 2)
Dap an D
V i dv 8: Cho cac phatbieu sau:^'' •>inoic{mq «/J
(a) Andehit vua c6 tinh oxi hoa vira c6 tfnh khu
(b) Phenol tham gia phan ling the brom kho hon benzen.'™^'* S''"
(c) Andehit tac dyng voi H 2 (du) (xiic tac Ni, t°) thu dugc ancol bac mot
(d) Dung dich axit axetic tac dyng dugc voi Cu(OH)2
(e) Dung djch phenol trong nuoc lam quy tim hoa do ' " P
(g) Trong cong nghif p, axeton dup-c san xuat tir cumen
So phat bieu diing la ' ''
^ A 4 B 3 C 5 •'*4i«>JS D 2
LbigiaU
Phat bieu (b) sai v i phenol c6 the phan ung voi nuac brom ngay 0 dieu ki?n
thuong 6 tao thanh 2,4,6-tribromphenol
Phat bieu (e) sai vi dung djch phenol c6 tinh axit rat yeu, yeu hon ca axit
cacbonic nen khong c6 kha nang lam chuyen mau qui tim
Cac phat bieu dung: (a), (c), (d), (g) -> Dap an A 1 f^'"''" giKwriq Ofiv mft
CtyTNHH MTV I3VVH Khang Vi^t
y i dy 9: H o n hgp X gom axit axetic, axit fomic va axit oxalic K h i cho m gam X tac dung voi NaHCOa (du) thi thu dugc 7,84 lit khi C O 2 (dktc) Mat khac, (Jot chay hoan toan m gam X can 4,48 lit khi O 2 (dktc), thu dugc 17,6 gam
C O 2 va a mol H 2 O Gia tri ciia a la
A 0,2 B.0,3 C.0,6 ^ D 0,8
>v.j:: /:>.,• • Led giai:
^han xet: Khi cho axit cacboxylic tac dung voi NaHCOa ta luon c6:
nc02~'^COOH no(X) = 2ncooH = 2 n c o 2 V ^ W M * * J , t, > ,i, •
H 2 O Gia tri cua a la
A 3,6 B 7,2 C 8,4 D 10,8 •
7 , t « + U p x Lai giai: mo3;VBa , ( ! ) <:> :^.<^(r :
Khi cho axit cacboxylic tac dung voi N a H C O s ta luon c6: n c o 2 ~ ricooH
6 72 -> no(x) = 2ncooH = 2 n c o 2 2 - r — = 2.0,3 = 0,6 mol , ( i i
A 1,12 lit , B 4,48 lit C 3,36 lit , D 2,24 lit
Trang 8dm nang On luy$n thi djii hpc 18 chuy6n 66 H6a hpc - Nguyin Van HAi
Tang giarn kho'i lirgng: nx = — = 0,06 m o l
V i d u 12: Cho cac chat H C l (X); C2H5OH (Y); C H 3 C O O H (Z); CsHsOH (phenol)
(T) Day g o m cac cha't dugc sap xe'p theo tinh axit tang d a n ( t u trai sang
phai) la:
A (T), (Y), (X), (Z) :i«f < y - B (X), (Z), (T), (Y) , , ^
C (Y), (T), (Z), (X) '^'tr^ D (Y), (T), (X), (Z) ; '
X mfT> f(i , Laigidi: cmuV' aori noi)
., Day cac chat dugc sap xe'p theo chieu tang dan tinh axit la , j,
f, C2H5OH < CeHsOH < C H 3 C O O H < H C l , u , , , ,,iio,;
—>^ Dap an C
V i di^ 13: Cho cac chat: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) va
dimetyl ete (T) Day gom cac chat dugc sap xe'p theo chieu tang dan nhiet
Giai thick: D i m e t y l ete khong tao dugc lien ke't hidro, ancol etylic c6 lien ke't
hidro n h u n g ye'u hon axit cacboxylic
A x i t propionic va axit axetic c6 luc lien ke't hidro t u o n g d u o n g nhau nhung
axit propionic c6 kho'i l u g n g phan t u Ian hon nen c6 nhi^t dg soi cao hon
- > Dap an A
V i d y 14: Cho h o n h g p X gom hai axit cacboxylic (no, mach cacbon khong
k phan nhanh) Do't chay hoan toan 0,3 m o l X, t h u dugc 11,2 l i t k h i CO2
(dktc) N e u trung hoa 0,3 m o l X thi can diing 500ml d u n g dich N a O H i M
Cty TNHH M rv DVVH Khang Vigt
So'nguyen t u cacbon trung binh = = = 1,67
nx 0,3", , - J •ij.-j.f iji;ii.^,.,ti
X chua axit fomic: H C O O H w>:- 5 ,
So'nhom chuc - C O O H trung binh = ^ ^ M = UNaOH ^ M = i,67
X chua m g t axit da chuc-> Loai C va D srt <; > u ; i 14 o / i : :
T h u 5 0 : 5 0 : yi'ifi-ya.n -/^ P + Nell la A : H C O O H = x m o l , H O O C - C O O H = y m o l ,±'.1
nx = X + y = 0,3; n c o j = x + 2y = 0,5; nNaOH= x + 2y = a 5 y:j H J '_
-> x = 0,1; y = a 2 Thoa man O I i-D + Neu la B: H C O O H = x mol, H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H = y m o l >fi s:(yti :c- -> nx = x + y = 0,3; nco2 = x + 3y = 0,5; nNaOH=x + 2y =0,5 ni>fkj 1*: ^
- > V 6 nghiem - > Loai B J "^H*
Vi d u 15: H e n hgp M gom hai axit cacboxylic don chuc X va Y (Mx > M Y ) C6 tong kho'i lugng la 8,2 gam Cho Z tac dung vira d u v o i d u n g dich N a O H , thu dugc d u n g dich chiia 11,5 gam muoi M a t khac, neu cho M tac d y n g v o i mgt lugng d u d u n g dich AgNOa/NHs, thu dugc 21,6 gam A g Ten go- ciia X la
A A x i t metacrylic B A x i t acrylic C A x i t propionic D A x i t fomic
d u d u n g djch AgN03/NH3, d u n nong L u g n g A g sinh ra cho phan l i n g he't voi axit HNO3 loang, thoat ra 2,24 lit k h i N O (san pham k h u d u y nhat, do 6
dktc) Cong thuc ca'u tao thu ggn cua X la ' '
A C H 3 C H O ' B H C H O C C2H.SCHO D C H 2 = C H C H O 2: Cho 0,1 m o l andehit X tac d u n g v o i lugng d u d u n g dich AgN03/NH3,
d u n nong thu dugc 43,2 gam A g H i d r o hoa X thu dugc Y, bie't 0,1 m o l Y phan u n g vua d i i v o i 4,6 gam Na Cong thuc ca'u tao thu ggn cua X la
A H C H O B CH3CHO
C O H C - C H O D C H 3 C H ( O H ) C H O f
315
Trang 9Ca'ni iiantj on liiySii thi dai lipc V, chuySn H6a hpc - NguySn VSn H5i
Bai 3: Dot chay hoan toan a mol mot andehit X (mach ho) tao ra b mol C O 2 va
mol H 2 O (biet b = a + c) Trong phan ung trang bac, mpt phan tu X chi cho 2
electron X thuoc day dong dang andehit i j i i j , s > m i ,
A no, don chuc , , ,
B khong no c6 hai noi doi, don chuc ; i| r
C khong no c6 mot noi doi, don chuc >J « - v'srtt eb :l ixt iom (A, 10
D no, hai chuc. - v v • ' ' • ^;eS;0<'
Bai 4: Day gom cac chat deu dieu che true tiep tao ra andehit axetic la:
A C H 3 C O O H , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , - B C 2 H S O H , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2
C C 2 H S O H , C 2 H 2 , C H s C O O C z H s D H C O O C 2 H 3 , C 2 H 2 , CH3COOH
Bai 5: D u n nong V h't hoi andehit X (mach ho) voi 3V h't khi H 2 (xuc tac Ni) de'n
khi phan ung xay ra hoan toan thu dugc hon hgp khi Y c6 the tich 2V lit
(cac the tich khi do 6 cung dieu kien) Ngung tu Y thu duoc chat Z; cho 2
, tac dung voi N a sinh ra H2 c6 so' mol bang so' mol Z da phan ling Chat X la
andehit ; "git(?ui
A khong no (mot no'i doi C = C ) , hai chiic it j|itiji;
B no, hai chuc
C khong no (mot no'i doi C = C ) , don chuc
D no, don chuc
Bai 6: Cho X la mot andehit mach ha ' ^ " v '''' '
- Cho 0,25 mol mot andehit mach ho X phan ving vai lugng d u dung djch
AgNOa/NHa, thu dugc 54 gam Ag : £
- K h i cho X phan ung vai H 2 d u (xiic tac Ni, t°) thi 0,125 mol X phan ung het
Chat X CO cong thuc ung voi cong thuc chung la
A C n H 2 n ( C H O ) 2 (n > 0) _ ^ B C n H 2 n i C H O (n > 0) J " '
C C n H 2 n - i C H O (n > 2) D C n H 2 n - 3 C H O (n > 2)
Bai 7: Cho m gam hon hgp etanal va propanal phan ung hoan toan voi lugng
d u dung djch AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 43,2 gam ket hia va dung djch chua
17,5 gam muo'i amoni ciia hai axit hiiu CO Gia trj cua m la
A 9,5 i a m j : B 10,9 C 14,3 D 10,2
Bai 8: Hon hgp X gom hai ancol (no, don chvic, mach ho, ke tiep nhau trong
day dong dang) Oxi hoa hoan toan 0,2 mol X c6 khoi lugng m gam bang
C u O a nhiet dg thich hgp, thu dugc hon hgp san pham huu ca Y Cho Y ta^"
dung voi mot lugng d u dung djch AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 54 gam Ag G''^
trj cua m la
A 15,3 t B 13,5 C.8,1 D 8,5 O
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t p^i 9: Hidro hoa hoan toan m gam hon hop X gom hai andehit (no, don chiic, mach ho, ketiep nhau trong day dong dSng) thu dugc (m + 1) gam hon hgp
hai ancol Mat khac, khi dot chay hoan toan m gam X thi can vua du 17,92
lit khi O2 (dktc) Gia tri cua m la
A 17,8 B.24,8 C.10,5 D 8,8
gai 1^- '^^P ^ 8 ° " ^ andehit X (no, don chuc, mach ho) va hidrocacbon Y, c6 tong so mol la 0,2 (nx < nv) Dot chay hoan toan M, thu dugc 8,96 lit khi CO2 (dktc) va 7,2 gam H2O Cong thiic phan tu ciia Y la
A CH4 B C2H2 C C3H6 D C2H4
Bai 11: Hon hgp 1,89 gam hon hgp gom hai andehit don chiic X va Y (Mx < M Y ) tac dung voi mot lugng d u AgN03/NH3, thu dugc 18,36 gam A g va dung dich E Cho E tac dung voi dung djch H C l (du), thu dugc 0,784 lit khi CO2
(dktc) Ten cua Y la 'OUy.j ^.:i .-.J , A.) • u -
A Andehit axetic B Andehit acrylic :\V'}H >,
C Andehit propionic D Andehit butiric O f i u n Bai 12: Trong cong nghiep, axeton dugc dieu che'tu " ' " ' ^ ' T-r,v>',
A Cumen B Propan-l-ol C Xiclopropan D Propan-2-ol
Bai 13: Hidro hoa hoan toan hon hgp M gom hai andehit X va Y (no, don chuc, mach ha, dong dang ketiep, Mx < M Y ) , thu dugc hon hgp hai ancol c6 khoi lugng Ion hon khoi lugng M la 1 gam Dot chay hoan toan M thu dugc 30,8 gam CO2 Cong thuc va phan tram so mol cua X Ian lugt la
A H C H O va 60% B C H 3 C H O va 60%
C C H 3 C H O va 40% D H C H O va 40%
Bai 14: Hon hgp M gom hai andehit X va Y, trong do Mx < M Y < l,6Mx Dot chay hon hgp M thu dugc CO2 va H2O c6 so mol bang nhau Cho 0,10 mol hon hgp M vao lugng d u dung djch AgN03/NH3 thu dugc 0,25 mol Ag Tong so' cac nguyen tu trong mot phan tu Y la
A 10 B 7 C 6. ' * vq\„, D 9. K./;t.| ,.rr ,
Bai 15: Dot chay hoan toan 7,6 gam hon hgp M gom mgt axit cacboxylic X (no, don chuc, mach ha) va mgt ancol dan chuc Y (c6 so nguyen tu cacbon trong phan tu khac nhau) thu dugc 0,3 mol C O 2 va 0,4 mol H2O Thuc hien phan ung este hoa 7,6 gam hon hgp tren vai hi^u sua't 80% thu dugc m gam este Gia tn ciia m la
A 8,16 B 4,08 C 2,04 D 6,12
Jai 16: Hoa hai 7,32 gam hon hgp M gom axit X (no, dan chuc, mach ha) va axit Y (no, da chuc, mach cacbon ha, khong phan nhanh) thu dugc mgt the tich hoi bang the tich cua 3,2 gam O2 (do trong cung dieu kien nhiet do, ap suat) Dot chay hoan toan 7,32 gam M, thu dugc 10,12 gam C O 2 Cong thuc ca'u tao cua X, Y Ian lugt la
Trang 10dm nang On luy^n thi dgi hgc 18 chuy6n dfi H6a hpc - Nguyjn Van Hai
A H - C O O H va H O O C - C O O H
B C H 3 - C O O H va H O O C - C H 2 - C H 2 - C O O H ' ' '
C C H 3 C H 2 C O O H va H O O C C O O H r ' ^ " ' i >
-D C H 3 - C O O H va H O O C - C H 2 - C O O H 1^ '
Bai 17: Cho 5,92 gam axit huu co X (don chuc, mach ho) tac dyng het v6i
CaCOs thu dugc 7,44 gam muoi cua axit huu co Ten gpi cua X la
A axit metacrylic B axit acryhc C axit propionic D axit fomic
Bai 18: Hai chat X va Y co cung cong thuc phan tu C2H4O2 Chat X phan ung
dugc voi kim loai Na va tham gia phan ung trang bac Chat Y phan ling duoc
voi kim loai Na va hoa tan Augc CaCOs Cong thuc cua X, Y Ian lugt la:
A H O C H 2 C H O , C H 3 C O O H B H O C H 2 C H O , H C O O C H 3
C C H 3 C O O H , H O C H 2 C H O D H C O O C H 3 , C H 3 C O O H
Bai 19: Trung hoa 8,2 gam hon hop M gom axit fomic va mot axil don chuc X
can 100ml dung dich N a O H 1,5M Neu cho 8,2 gam M tac dung voi mot
luong d u dung d}ch AgNOs /NH3, dun nong, thu dugc 21,6 gam Ag Ten
gpicuaX-la ^foi'l'^'HRCloi'^L ' '" •"^.mfrm
A Axit acrylic B Axit propanoic C Axit etanoic D Axit metacrylic
Bai 20: Hai hgp chat huu co X, Y co cung cong thuc phan tu C3H6O2 C a X va Y
deu tac dyng voi Na; X tac dung dugc voi NaHCOs con Y co kha nang tham
gia phan ung trang bac Cong thuc cau tao cua X va Y Ian lugt la
A C2H5COOH, HCOOC2H5 B HCOOC2H5, HOCH2COCH3
C HCOOC2H5, HOCH2CH2CHO D C2H5COOH, C H 3 C H ( O H ) C H O
Bai 21: Cho hai chat huu co X, Y (chiia C , H , O) co Mx < M Y < 82 C a X va Y deu
CO kha nang tham gia phan ling trang bac v a deu phan ung dvqic voi dung
dich K H C O 3 sinh ra khi CO2 Ti khoi hai cua Y so voi X co gia tri la
A 1,47 B 1,61 C 1,57 D 1,91
Bai 22: Hon hgp X gom H C O O H va C H 3 C O O H (ti 1? mol 1:1) Lay 5,3 gam X
tac dyng voi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (co xuc tac H2SO4 dac) thu dugc m gam estc
(hieu suat cua cac phan ung este hoa deu bang 80%) Gia tri ciia m la
A 10,12 B.6,48 C.8,10 D 16,20
Bai 23: K h i cho a mol mgt hgp chat huu co X (chua C , H , O) phan ung hoan
toan voi Na hoac voi N a H C 0 3 thi deu sinh ra a mol khi Chat X la
A Etylen glicol B Axit adipic
C Ancdl o-hidroxibenzylic * D Axit 3-hidroxipropanoic
Bai 24: Bon cha't dong phan sau day deu co phan tir khoi bang 60 Chat nao co
nhiet dp soi cao nhat?
Bao toan electron: nAg = 3 n N O = 0,3 mol * •' " •
]Slhan xet: Cac cha't trong dap an chi trang bac voi ti le mol 1:2 hoac 1:4
+ Neu nx : nAg = 1:2 - > nx = 0,15 mol - > Mx = 2,25/0,15 = 15 - > Loai
+ Neu nx : UAg = 1:4 nx = 0,075 mol
Mx = 2,25/a075 = 30 X la H C H O > Dap an B iou y m) s ^
-Bai2: ; '
N M „ , : ^ = M = 4 ^ L o , i B v a D '
n v 0,1 Ma: = = 2 ^ Y la ancol hai chuc - > X la andehit hai chuc
ny 0,1
- > D a p a n C d
Nhan xet: K h i dot chay X : a = b - c - > n x = UQQ^ -nyi^ XVa andehit
chua 2 lien ket TT (vi X mach ha) - > X la no, hai chuc hoac khong no (mgt noi doi C=C), don chuc : ~ : ^ ' Mat khac, trong phan ung trang bac, mgt phan tu X chi nhuang 2 electron
- > X la andehit don chuc
- > X la andehit khong no (mgt noi doi C=C), don chuc, m^ch ho
Bai 4:
Nhan xet: Bai nay kiem tra kien thuc ve dieu che Cac phan ung hoa hgc:
C2H5OH + C u O '° ) C H 3 C H O + C u + H2O 2CH2=CH2 + O 2 2 C H 3 C H O ,,,
C H < : H + H2O "^^^„"^ > C H 3 C H O : ;3gH sofl finfrJ grir" • :
- > D a p d n B , ^amc^r-
'•H^i'-Bai 5:
Nhan xet: Phan ung hoan toan - > X phan ung het (V lit), H2 con du
The tich H2 da phan ung = 3V - V = 2V : 0 ot nioi -> ^ = ^ = 2 ^ phan tu X CO 2 lien ket n ' ^ ^ ' '
Vx V ^
X la no, hai chuc hoac khong no (mgt noi doi C = C ) , dan chuc - > Loai A
va D
•^19
Trang 11Ca'm nang 6n luyen thi dgi hpc 18 chuySn dg Hoa hpc - Nguyin Van Hii
Ma ancol Z tac dung vol N a thu dugc nj^^ = nz
—> Z 2 chiic - > X la andehit hai chiic —> Dap an B
So do phan ung: ' , ' Ur^
C H 3 - C H O ^AgN03^NH3 ^ CH3COONH4 + 2Ag
Phuong trinh hoa hpc: R - C H O + H2 — ^ R - C H j O H
Tang giam kho'i lugng: nx = ——- = 0,5 mol
Nhan xet: Dot chay andehit no, don chuc, mach ho -> TXQQ^ =
ni^20-Bao toan nguyen to O: 1 nx + 2 TYQ^ = 2 n^Q^ + n^^Q
-> 0,5 + 2.0,8 = 2 nco2 + ^^HzO -> 3 nco2 = 2,1 -> n c o j = nH20 = 0,7 ,
Bao toan khoi lugng:
mx = mco2 + ^H20- r"02 = 0'7-44 + 0,7.18 - 0,8.32 = 17,8 gam->' Dap an A
Cty TNHH IVITV DWH Khang Vigt
8,96 „ , , 7,2 , gai 10: n c o i = = 0,4 mol; n H 2 0 = = ° ' ^
Nhan xet: n c o 2 = i^H20 • Do X la andehit no, don chuc, mach ho, nen khi
chay cho n c o 2 = T^H20 -> chay cung tao ra n c o 2 = T^H20 ^ Cong thiic cua Y CO dang CnH2n -> Loai A, B
So nguyen tu C trung bmh = ^ = 2 ^, , , ' „^
nM ,,.„„; ,u r •
-> Neu Y la C2H4 thi X la C H s C H O (deu chua 2 nguyen hi' C ) ' ' Neu Y la C3H6 thi X la H C H O (chua so'nguyen tu C Ion hon va nho hon 2)
Thu dap an C : Y la C3H6 (a mol) va X la H C H O (b m o l )
a + b = 0,2; a + 3b = 0,4 - > a = b = 0,1 - > Loai vi theo bai nx < nY ^ Dap an D
Bai 11:
Nhan xet: K h i cho E + axit H C l giai phong khi C O 2 X chua H C H O
So do phan ling: ' ,^ o ' ' * " 'H ' ' ' ^ ' • • : : ; < " ••;^*<V'»^i s^J**'-* "^^^^^^^
H C H O "^"^^"^"^"^ > 4Ag + (NH4)2C03 > C O 2 ' Mol: a 4a a • ' a ' -v,^'''^'^•••>
Luu y: Trong cong nghiep, khi oxi hoa cumen (isopropylbenzen) bang oxi
roi thiiy phan trong dung dich H2SO4 loang se thu dugc axeton va phenol:
C6H5CH(CH3)2 + O2 — C e H s O H + C H 3 C O C H 3 -> Dap an A ' ' ^ Bai 13: ^ - ^ ^ — ^ ^ •
Phuong trinh hoa hoc: R - C H O + H2 — ^ R - C H j O H HQ
Trang 12{Jarn riang 6ii luySf: ilii dai noc 18 chuyen tie l!6a lioc Myiiyt-in V3n HSi
B a i l 4 :
Nhqn xet: D o t chay M t h u dugc 11^02 = r'H20 M chiia 2 andehit no, (J^j^
chuc, mach ho ' ' ' " ' t ' ' " ,
M a t k h a c : 2 < - ^ = - ! : ^ = 2 , 5 < 4 ; ;
- > M chua H C H O (X, M x = 30) - > 30 < M Y < 1,6.30 = 48
Y l a C H s C H O ^ D a p a n B
B a i l 5 : , ^ w) a ) w> > f T B t ^ d ' 4 *!J ( i I J » i ifJl i H ^ c! '
Nhanxet: nvAnu'^ ) 1 - u^tn i ' I i,i ' l i t l i J i ^ ,
X l a axit no, d o n chuc, mach ho k h i dot chay X t h u dugc nco2 =
^n20-Mat khac, k h i d o t chay M , t h u dugc n ^ j o > "002 Y la ancol no, don
chuc, mach ho Ta c6: n y = n ^ ^ o - I ^ C O T = 0 ' 1 iTiol ,
Ta c6: nco2 " ^'^"^ + a05(n+l) = 0,3 n = 3 -> Y la C3H7COOH._ 5
Phan u n g este hoa:
C3H7COOH + CH3OH < > C3H7COOCH3 + H2O (
Nhqn xet: Y la axit no, da chiic, c6 mach cacbon ho, k h o n g p h a n nhanh -> ^
chiia 2 n h o m chuc ( v i neu chua t u 3 n h o m chuc t r o len, mach cacbon s5
'J' ,.,1., , ,M 1 • • I'M n b l ' V ' i
7 32 phan t u k h o i t r u n g b k i h : M(x) = = 7 3 , 2 > I i ' ' uC • a 1 -> M o t axit chua so'nguyen t u cacbon < 2,3 Chia 2 t r u o n g h g p :
^ T r u o n g h o p 1: N e u so cacbon cua Y < 2,3-> Y chua 2C ( v i Y da chuc) -> Y
la H O O C - C O O H Mat khac: M Y = 90 > 73,2 M x < 73,2 X la H C O O H hoac C H 3 C O O H ->
V6 If v i n g u y e n t u cacbon cua X > 2,3
+ J r u o n g h o p 2: N e u so cacbon ciia X < 2,3 X la H C O O H hoac CHsCOOH
Ggi cong thuc cua Y la CnH2n-204 (b mol) • j • ^ ,
N e u X la H C O O H (a mol) , , , , \ ^ ^
Ta c6: a + b = 0,1; a + nb = 0,23 va 46a + (14n + 62)b = 7,32
a = 0,07;b = 0,03;n = 16/3-> Loai J , _ ^ , , , M fi i Vay: X la C H 3 C O O H (a mol) " • ' • •
j'-T a c 6 : a + b = 0 , l ; 2a + nb = 0,23 va 60a + (14n + 62)b = 7,32
-> Y la H O O C- C H 2 - C O O H - > Dap an D _, „ ' j r
B a i l 7 : ' , "
Nhqn xet: Tang -giam kho'i l u g n g < , 1 1 '
1 m o l R C O O H > ^ mol(RCOO)2Ca k h o i l u g n g tang 19 gam
Trang 13Ccim nang On luy^n thi d?! hpc 18 chuySn d6 Hoa hpc - NguySn Van HIi
Truoc het cac ban t i m so m o l m o i axit deu bang 0,05 m o l ' '
ncjHgOH = 0'125 > nx = 0,1 H i ^ u suat tinh theo axit. -'-K«.>H fit
riHCOOCzHs = nCHgCOOCaHg = 0,05 — = 0,04 m o l ^^'MS^i^
V i a m o l X + N a (du) > a m o l H2 ngoai n h o m - C O O H , X con
•yi chiia mot n h o m - O H •.mrl geru f'-;r!'-? < n V ? •y'i'Vh g a y b -jhi
- > Dap an D (1 Av D iso,.l 0 - f^v H (
Bai 24: ,
Nhan xet:
De so sanh nhiet d o soi ciia cac chat, truoc het ta danh gia dp m a n h yeu ciia
luc lien ket hidro
Trong cac chat bai ra, axit axetic c6 lye lien ket h i d r o m a n h nhat nen c6
nhiet do soi cao nhat ;• f
CH3COOC2H5 (etyl axetat); HCOOC2H5 (etyl fomat);
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 (propyl axetat); CH2=CHCOOCH3 (metyl acrylat)
d T i n h chat hoa hpc
+ Thuyphdn trong moi trudmgaxit 'o-:),?:; = Jiiil' r,
CH3COOC2H5 + H - O H < = ± CHaCOOH + C2H5OH
t" '
Dflc rffem: Phan l i n g thu|n nghich '
+ Thuy phan trong moi truang baza XXJli
CH3COOC2H5 + N a O H > CHsCOONa+C2H5OH '
Dqc diem: Phan l i n g m o t chieu
+ Phan img thuy phan cm mot so este dqc biet
- Este da chiic: (CH3COO)3C3H5 + 3 N a O H > SCHsCOONa + C3H5(OH)3
'* c - U ' * " N a O H p J ^ " N a O H b a n d J u f i f ' >
Nhqn xet: So chuc este = — <
"^este '^este ; r
r
- Este khong no: ),
CH3COO -CH=CH2 + N a O H > CHaCOONa + CH3CHO
Nhqn xet: san p h a m ciia phan l i n g la andehit
- Este ciia phenol: ' >
CHaCOO-CaHs + 2 N a O H > CHaCOONa + CeHsONa + H2O
Nhqn xet: San p h a m ciia phan u n g la hai m u o l va =2
+ Phan img chay: CnH2n02 + ^ ^ y ^ 0 2 — ^ nC02 + n H 2 0
Lim y: Este ciia axit focmic co phan u n g trang guang
Nhan xet: K h i dot chay este no, d o n chiic t h i
" H 2 0
Trang 14dm nang 6n luy?n thi dgi hpc 18 chuySn di H6a hqc - Nguygn Van Hi\
2 C A C V I D V M A U , : ,, r: r •^t , f
ts-V i du 1: Dot chay hoan toan m gam hon hop X gom hai este dong phan can
diing 27,44 h't khi O z thu dugc 23,52 h't khi C02 va 18,9 gam H2O Ne'i,
cho m gam X tac dung het voi 400 ml dung dich N a O H I M , c6 can dung
, dich sau phan ung thi thu dugc 27,9 gam chat ran khan, trong do c6 a mol
muoi Y va b mol muoi Z (My < Mz) Cac the tich khi deu do 6 dieu kien
tieu chuan T i l e a : b la H l M l t J •* hiCXX); M:,}
W A. 2: 3. B 4 : 3. C 3 : 2. D 3 : 5
n o 2 = 1/225 mol; n c o 2 = mol; n H 2 0 = ^'05 mol
Nhan xet: n = " H2O Cac este deu no, don chuc -> Cong thuc ciia 2
este la C n H 2 n 0 2
Bao toan nguyen to oxi: 2n ^.te + 2n 0 2 = 2n + n H 2 O * " L f e 0'35 mol
:-' n = _S22_ = M | = 3 _> 2 este trong X c6 cong thuc phan tu la C3H6O2
Cong thuc cau tao 2 este la: HCOOC2H5 va CH3COOCH3 '-^^-•'^'^'
Phan ung hoa hoc: ' ;
trong day khi bi thuy phan hoan toan trong dung dich kiem tgo ra san
pham C O phan ling trang guong la ' ' K ^ O ' s / n •st'tao
cty T k , — m r m w mang vigt
v i du 3: K h i dot chay hoan toan mot este no, don chuc thi so mol C O 2 sinh ra bang so'mol O 2 da phan ung Ten goi cua este la
A Metyl fomat B Etyl axetat C Propyl axetat D Metyl axetat
H C O O C 6 H 4 C 2 H 5 + 2 N a O H — ^ H C O O N a + NaOC6H5C2H5 + H2O Dap an D: a t:r>;^^v;'••;v].<• , , , : o v
C 2 H 5 C O O C 6 H 5 + 2 N a O H — ^ C2H5COONa+ C6H50Na + H20
V i du 5: Hop chat huu co X c6 cong thuc phan tii la C4H8O3 X c6 kha nang
tham gia phan ung voi Na, voi dung dich N a O H va phan ung trang bac San pham thuy phan cua X trong moi truong kiem c6 kha nang hoa ^an Cu(OH)2 tao thanh dung dich mau xanh lam Cong thuc cau tao cua X c6 the la
Vi X C O phan ling trang bac - > X la este cua axit fomic - > Loai A
San pham thuy phan cua X trong moi truong kiem c6 kha nang hoa tan Cu(OH)2 tao thanh dung dich mau xanh lam - > Loai C
- > Dap dn B Phan ung hoa hoc:
, • • 327
Trang 15d m nang On luyQn thi djil hpc 18 chuy6n dg H6a hpc - NguySn Van H^i
H C O O C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3 + O H " —5% H C O Q - + H O - C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3
San pham H O - C H 2 C H ( O H ) C H 3 la ancol da chuc, c6 2 nh6n\H lieVi
nen c6 kha nang hoa tan Cu(OH)2
V i di? 6 (A-12): D u n nong m gam hon hgp X gom cac chat c6 cung mot lo^
nhom chuc vol 600ml dung dich N a O H 1,15M, thu dugc dung dich Y ch^g
muo'i cua mpt axit cacboxylic don chuc va 15,4 gam hai Z gom cac ancol
Cho Z tac dyng voi N a du, thu dugc 5,04 lit khi H 2 (dktc) C o can Y, nurig
nong chac ran thu dugc voi C a O cho den khi phan ung hoan toan, thu duoc
7,2 gam mot chat khi Gia trj cua m la
V i dv 7: Xa phong hoa 8,8 gam etyl axetat bang 200ml dung dich N a O H 0,2M
Sau khi phan ling xay ra hoan toan, c6 can dung dich thu dugc m chat ran
khan Gia tri c u a m l a r ,s^,^
Chat ran la C H a C O O N a - > m = 82.0,04 = 3,28 gam Dap an A
V J dv 8: Dc^ chay hoan toan hon hgp X gom hai este dong phan can dung 15,68 lit khi O2, thu dugc 13,44 lit khi CO2 va 10,8 gam H 2 O Neu cho m
gam X tac dung vvra du voi dung dich K O H , c6 can dung dich sau phan
xi'ng thi thu dugc 18,9 gam chat ran khan Y va hon hgp ancol Z Thirc hi^n phan ling ete hoa hoan toan Z, thu dugc m gam ete Cac the tich khi deu do
6 dieu kien tieu chuan Gia tri cua m la ' ' ' ' < ' '
A 14,8 B.7,4 C.10,3 ' D 5,3
Lai giai:
n 0 2 = 0,7 mol; n = 0,6 mol; n = 0,6 mol
Nhan xet: ncoj = ^H20 Cac este deu no, don chuc -> Cong thuc cua 2
este la CnH2n02
Bao toan nguyen to oxi: 2neste + 2 n o 2 = 2 n c o 2 + ^ H J O ~^ ^este = 0,2 mol
n = ^}£9l = ^ = 3 _^ 2 este trong X c6 cong thuc phan tu la C3H6O2 n, este Cong thuc cau tao 2 este la: H C O O C 2 H 5 va C H s C O O C H a i g QUI
Phan ung hoa hoc: n^vb "ri!
De thay: nKOH = neste = nz = 0,2 mol -1 ff-nn 0 tf,^
Bao toan khoi lugng: meste+mKOH = mv + mz <.rsu > • > r i {<•>'<•
0,2.74 + 0,2.56 =18,9 + mz -> mz =7,1 gam , - Q , Nhan xet: Trong phan ung ete hoa ta c6: n H 2 0 = ^ " H 2 0 = 0,1 mol
Bao toan khoi lugng: mz = mete + m ^ 2 0 -> m = mete = 7,1 - 0,1.18 = 5,3 gam -> Dap an D
V i d\ 9: X la mgt este no don chuc, c6 ti kho'i hoi do'i voi metan bang 5,5 Neu dem dun 2,2 gam X voi dung dich N a O H (du), thu dugc 2,05 gam muoi
Cong thuc cau tao thu ggn ciia X la i U ;
R C O O R ' + N a O H > R C O O N a + R ' O H Mol: 0,025 0,025