Hướng dẫn ôn luyện thi THPT quốc gia môn ngữ văn

Cau true moi cuon sich gom ba ph§n chinh: Phan mot: Dinh hirong chung ki thi trung hoc pho thong quoc gia theo tung mon Phan hai: Cac chu de/noi dung on luyen CAc ehii de/npi dung on l

807 JANG HUNG (Chu bien) - PHAM THI THU HIEN - TRjNH THI LAN

H561D fc

HUONG DflN ON LUV6N

THI TOUNG HOC PHO IHONG

QUOC Gil)

LE QUANG HUNG (Chu bi§n) PHAM THI THU HIEN -TRINH THI LAN

HUONG DAN ON LUYEN THI TRUNG HOC PHO THONG QUOC GIA

M O N N G O V A N

: —

NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC SU PHAM

UN IV ER SI TY O

F ED UC AT IO

N PU BL IS HI NG H

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HU ON

G DA

N ON LUYEN T

HI TRUN

G HO

C PH

6 T HO NG Q U6

u HIe

n Trjnh Thj La

-n

Sach duoc xuat bS

g ho

c ph

o t ho ng quoc gia

tCf nann

2015

Ma sac

h t ie uc hu

^n quoc te: ISB

CO

sU cho phep trudc ban

,

-Chung tdi ludn mong muon nhdn

dugc nhCtng

y kien ddng gop cua quy

vi ddc

gia

de sdch ngdy cdng hodn thiin

han Moi gdp y

vi sdch, liin hi

vi bdn thdo vd dich vu

bdn quyen

xin vui Idng gCri

vi dia chlemail: kehoach@nxbdhip.edu.vn

Ma so : 01.02.176/90

0 TK

2015

Phan hai NOI DUNG ON LUYEN 8

A DOC HIEU VAN BAN 8

I Mot so van de chung 8

1 Quan niem ve nang lire doc hieu 8

2 Chuan doc hieu 10

3 Van ban doc hieu 13

II Hu-cmg dan hoc sinh on luyen doc hieu 13

1 Cach doc hiSu cic loai van ban 13

2 He thong c^u hoi on luyen doc hieu 22

3 Huong dan tra 16i cau hoi doc hieu 48

B LAM VAN 70

I Nghi luan xa hoi 70

1 Nghi luan ve mot tu tvrong, dao li 70

2 Nghi luan ve mot hien tuong doi song 79

3 Nghi luan tong hop 87

II Nghi luan van hoc 95

1 Yeu ciu chung 96

2 Yeu c4u, ki nang ca ban voi timg dang nghi luan van hoc 98

3 Van dung phuo^ig phdp so sdnh trong bhi nghi luan van hoc 128

4 KiSn thuc ca ban cua c^c van ban van hoc 133

5 Mot s6 dS bhi nghi luan van hoc goi y l^m bki 170

ba MO

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Ldl GI6I THIEU

' Thirc hien Quyet dinh s6 3538/QD-BGDDT ngay 09/9/2014 cua Bp truang Bp Giao due

va Dao tao phe duyet phuong an thi tot nghiep trung hpc pho thong va tuyen sinh dai hoc, cao dang tir nam 2015 (gpi la ki thi trung hpc pho thong quoc gia), huong toi vice thuc hien doi moi chuong trinh va sach giao khoa, Nha xuat ban Dai hpc Su pham to chCtc

bien soan va phat hanh bp sach Huong dan on luyen thi trung hpc pho thong quoc gia

gom 8 cuon, tuong ung voi 8 mon: Toan, NgQ van, Tieng Anh, Vat li, Hoa hpc, Sinh hpc,

Lich sii va Dia li * si

Bp sach do cac tdc gia la giang vien uy tin cua Tnrong Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi, gi^o vien gioi a tnrong trung hpc pho thong va mot s6 can bp ciia cac ca quan chuyen mon la nhiing nguoi c6 nhieu kinh nghiem tham gia cong tac tuyen sinh cua Bp Giao due v^ Dao tao bien soan, bam sat Chuong tiinh giao due trung hpc pho thong

Cau true moi cuon sich gom ba ph§n chinh:

Phan mot: Dinh hirong chung ki thi trung hoc pho thong quoc gia (theo tung mon) Phan hai: Cac chu de/noi dung on luyen

CAc ehii de/npi dung on luyen dugc bien soan bam sat quy dinh ciia Bp Giao due

va Dao tao ve eau true de thi dugc doi mod theo huong danh gia nang lire, trong do c6

phan tom tat li thuyet, yeu cau ve bai tap/cau hoi van dung, cac bai tap/cau hoi mlu va

huong dan on luyen -

Phan ba: Mot so de thi tham khao

CAc de thi CO d^p in hoac huong dan tra loi Hpc sinh dupe nang cao kl nang ren luyen

thuc hien trpn ven mot de thi trong thai gian quy dinh, mot mat luyen kha nang giai b ^ tap,

giai quyet van de; mat khac giup he th6ng hoa cac kien thuc va ki nang ckn thi8t cho ki thi

trung hpc pho thong quoc gia

Cung voi bp sach tren, Nha xuat ban Dai hpc Su pham tiep tuc gioi thieu v^ phat hanh

bp sach Boi dirong, on luyen thi trung hoc pho thong quoc gia theo bo de gom 5 mon

(Toan, Ngii van, Tieng Anh, Vat li, Ho^ hpc) phuc vu hpc sinh on luyen thi trung hpc pho thong qu6c gia ;iipt cdch hieu qua

Dpi ngu giao vien pho thong c6 th§ su dung sach de huong dan hpc sinh on luyen

kien thiic, ki nang theo huong tiep can nang lire mot each c6 he th6ng de dat hieu qua cao

nhat trong ki thi trung hpc ph6 thong quoc gia, hit d§u thuc hien tu nam 2015

Xin trdntrgng giai thieu!

NHA XUAT BAN DAI HQC SU" PHAM

em hoc sinh than

men!

AT

Phan hai:

Noi dun

g on luyen •

g de

thi mo

a co

n du

a ra nhung v

i du, d

e bM kem the

o gg

Phan ba:

Mot s

o de thi tha

h hok

n thie

n k

i nan

Quyet dinh s6 3538/QD-BGDDT ngay 09/9/2014 ciia Bp tnrdng Bp Giao due va Dho tao v^ phe duyet phuang An thi tot nghiep trung hpc pho thong vk tuyen sinh dai hpc, cao

dang tir nam 2015 da chi ro:

- De dupe xet cong nhan tot nghiep trung hpc pho thong v^ xet tuyen sinh v^o cic

truong dai hpc, cao dang, thi sinh phai thi 4 mon (gpi 1^ 4 mon thi toi thieu) gom 3 mon bat bupc 1^ Toin, Ngir van, Ngoai ngu 1 mon tu ehpn trong so cac mon: Vat li

Hod hpc, Sinh hpc, Lich sii vh Dia If NgoM 4 mon thi toi thieu, thi sinh eo the dang ki thi

them cic mon khdc trong s6 cdc mon tu chpn de c6 them ca hpi xet tuyen v^o dai hpc,

cao dang

- Thi sinh da t6t nghiep trung hpc pho thong cdc nam tniac chi dang ki cac mon thi

phuc vu cho tuyen sinh dai hpc, cao dang

Mon Ngu van thi theo hinh thuc tu luan, thoi gian thi 1^ 180 phut De thi ddnh gid

thi sinh a 4 miic dp: nhan biet, thong hieu, van dung v^ van dung cao, dam bao phan hod

trinh dp thi sinh De thi mon Ngir van trong ki thi trung hpc pho thong quoc gia se c6 dinh

dang tuong tir de thi t6t nghiep trung hpc pho thong v^ tuyen sinh dai hpc, cao dang nam

2014 nhung se tang cac cau hoi d muc dp van dvmg, cdc cau hoi mo theo dinh huong danh gid nang luc ciia thi sinh

Npi dung de thi nkm trong chuong tiinh trung hpc pho thong hien hanh, chu yeu la

chuomg trinh lop 12

Phan hai

e a trudn

i tu each l

a mo

n ho

c ngoa

i ngu Ga

n day, tu nhung tha

p nie

n 80

v^ 9

, PISA

Tren th

e gidi, the

o PISA', "nan

, c6 , nha c viet i do t b^ c mo i trud hoi la ^ phdn dung v Met, su r hieu a si , "l c hieu" p do trinh d

PISA trong d

-o c6 Viet Na

m - don

g tin

h va lam the

' Chuong trinh danh

gid hoc sinh quoe

e vk Dko tao

, s6

toy PISA,

2011

Dieu nay dugc the Men a ch6 ngay ckng c6 nhieu nuac tham gia PISA trong do c6 Viet Nam Tir ket qua danh gia ciia PISA ve trinh do doc hieu ciia hoc sinh nuac minh, Viet Nam cung nhu cac nuac deu c6 sir dieu chinh nhat djnh de viec day hoc doc hieu trong nha tnrang pho thong phii hop vai thirc t i l n va bat kip xu the quoc te

Theo GS.TS Nguyin Thanh Hiing: "Doc - hieu la khai niem bao trum c6 noi dung quan trong trong qua trinh day hoc van"; "Doc - hieu la mot khai niem khoa hoc chi ra miic do cao nhdt cua hoat dong doc; doc - hieu dong thai cung chi ra nang lire van cua nguai doc"' "Doc hieu la pham tru khoa hoc trong nghien cuu va giang day van hoe Ban than no la khai niem c6 quan he vai nang lire doc, hoat dong doc, k i nang doe de nam vung y nghia cua van ban nghe thuat ngon tir Doc chinh xae thi hieu diing Doc k i , doc phan tich thi hieu sau Doe trai nghiem tham mi thi hieu dugc ve dep nhan tinh Doc sau, dgc sang tao thi hieu dugc cai mod"" Tac gia da di vao l i giai ngi ham cua "hieu":

"Hieu la phat hien va nam vung moi lien he cua cac sir vat, hien tugng, doi tugng nao do

va y nghla ciia cac moi quan he do Hieu la bao quat het ngi dung v^ c6 the van dung

\ko doi song Hieu tue la phai tra loi dugc cac cau hoi: gi?, Nhu the nao?, V i sao?

Lam nhu the nao? Do la biet va lam trong dgc hieu Hieu la qua tiinh nhan thue van ban toan ven"^ Tir do, tac gia neu len nhung ngi dung can "hieu" trong tac pham van hge vai cac tieu chi cu the:

" 1 Kham pha y nghia ngi dung ehiia dung trong van ban Y nghia n^y do tac gia bay

to, bieu 16 trong van ban

2 Hieu moi quan he y nghia cua van ban do tdc gia xay dung v^ to chuc nen

3 Khang dinh muc dich, y do, ngi dung thuc hien, tien gia dinh

4 Danh gia tu tuang ciia tac gia

5 Sap nhap, hoa dong thong tin va tu tuang ciia tac gia vai tri thuc va kinh nghiem phu hgp cua nguai dgc""*

GS.TS T r i n Dinh Su da chi ra mot s6 ngi dung quan trgng ve dgc hieu: "Mot, dgc Ik

qui trinh tiep nhan y nghia tir van ban, t§t phai hieu ngon ngu ciia van ban (ngon ngii dan

toe, ngon ngii nghe thuat, ngon ngii t h i loai ciia van ban"; phai dua vao tinh tich cue cua ehu t h i (hung thii, nhu eSu, nang lue) va tac dong qua lai giua chii the va van ban Hai, dgc la qua trinh giao tiep va doi thoai vai nguai tao ra van ban (tac gia, xa hgi, van hoa)

Ba, dgc la qua trinh tieu dung van hoa van ban (huong thu, giai tri, hgc tap) Bon, dgc la qua trinh tao ra cac nang lire nguai (nang lue hieu minh, hieu van hoa va hieu the giai) Nhu the dgc la mot hoat dong van hoa co tam nhan loai va y nghia giao due sau sac"^ Tac gia eon neu len suy nghi cua minh ve "hieu" trong "dgc hieu" Theo ong, "hieu" co

'• '"Nguyen Thanh Hung, Kinang doc hiiu Van, NXB Dai hoc Su pham, 2014, tr 34 - 35

" Nguyin Thanh Hung, Nuoi duomg va xa Idnh y nghia cua tam ngir hoc trong doc hieu van chuang

Tap chi Khoa hoc Giao due, s6 80, 2012, tr 26

' Tran Dinh Su, Van ban van hoc va doc hieu van ban, in trong Tai lieu tap hudn giao vien truang

c/iuy^n - A/on A'gi? van Bo Giio dye D^o tao, 2011

noi hk

m ra

t rong: "1) Ca

m th

u (ti^

p nhan) k

n chu, )

n chit i khac a nguo a cii , vir a minh vira cu h c^ c than i kha a ngud i cu bien ca u la r hie cua si tam li

g din

h do

c hi6

Trong nhirn

g na

m qua, o nh

h Ng

u van) S

- LOJ: Sir dung

cdc kindng nhan biet

de nhan dien tir

ngir

- L02: Doc hieu

cdc van ban c6

noi dung phii hap

v&i trinh

do, lira

- L04: Van dung

cdc cdch doc vd

quan sdt phii hap,

co tinh phe phdn

doc hieu van ban,

of Education , Singapor

e (2010)

http://www.moe.gov.sg)

10

nhung ngudn khong in an, phuc vu cho viec hoc tap cdc linh vuc not dung vd hieu xem tir vimg vd cdc van de ngir phdp dd duac su dung trong cdc van cdnh nhu the nao

- L05a: Doc quan sat ma rong de gidi tri, phdt trien cd nhdn vd the hien khd nang doc doc lap Cling nhu phuc vu cho viec hoc van hoc/hay cdc linh vuc not dung khdc (cho

la nhung ki nang, chien luge, thai do va hhnh vi doe rong rai Cac chuan nhy mang tinh

chat ciia chuan the hien, dugc sap xep thanh cac ket qua dau ra, theo su tang dan ciia do

kho, phiic tap ciia ki nang, chien luge, thai do va h^nh vi ciia nguoi dgc' Trong Cdc

chuan chung cot loi cua bang doi v&i mon Tieng Anh, trinh do doc viet trong cdc mon Lich sir/Nghien cicu xd hoi, Khoa hoc vd Ki thudt ddnh cho cdc tru&ng cong lap ciia bang

California tir lap mdu gido lati den lap 12, cac nha gido due ciia MT yeu cau hoc sinh can

dat duge 10 chuan cu the, cac chuan nay dugc xep vao bon nhom nhu sau:

Cdc y turnig quan trong vd chi tiet

1 Doc mot cdch ki ludng de xdc dinh xem van ban noi mot each ro rang ve cdi gi vd dua ra cdc suy lugn phu hap tir no, trich dan cdc dan chung nguyen van, cu the khi viet hogc noi de ho tra cho cdc ket lugn riit ra tir van bdn

2 Xdc dinh cdc y tuang hogc cdc chit de chinh cua mot van bdn vd phdn tich su phdt trien cua chung, tong ket cdc chi tiet vd cdc y tuang minh hog chinh

3 Phdn tich cdch vd li do tgi sao cdc nhdn vat, cdc su kien vd cdc y tucmg phdt trien

vd tuang tdc vai nhau thong qua dien bien cua mot van bdn

Tha phdp nghe thuat vd bo cue

4 Dien gidi cdc tir vd cdc cum tir duac sic dung trong mot van bdn, bao gom viec xdc dinh ro tinh hinh tuang, nghia den vd nghia bong, phdn tich cdch lira chon tic ngic cu the (ve nghia hogc van phong)

5 Phdn tich cau true cua cdc van bdn, bao gom cdch cdc mdu edu cu the, cdc dogn van vd nhicng phdn Ian hem cua van bdn (vi du: mot chuong, mot cdnh hogc mot dogn

tha) CO lien quan den nhau vd den todn bo van bdn ,

6 Ddnh gid cdch md mot quan diem hogc mot muc tieu lam nen noi dung vd phong cdch cua mot van bdn

' California State Board of Education (2013), Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve (nguon: http://www.cde.ca.gov, thang 8/2010)

Tich hap cdc kien

thitc va chu de rf' v

; ^ ;5

7 Tich

hap va ddnh gid

noi dung duac the

hien theo nhieu hinh thicc

vd phuong tien

truyen thong khdc nhau

bang hinh dnh, bang lai

noi vd bhng so

lieu

8 Mo

td vd ddnh gid

sir tranh luan vd

cdc lai tuyen bo

cu the trong mot van

ban bao

gom

chung cic vQng chdc

cua cdc suy luan

cung nhu suphu hop,

su day

du cua cdc dan

chung

9 Phan

tich each

md hai hay nhieu

van ban

de cap den cUng mot

chu de hodc de

tdi nhdm

de xdy dung kien

thuc hoac

de so sdnh cdc

phuang phdp tiep can

md cdc

tdc

gid sir dung

Pham vi

ve kinang doc vd

mire dpphuc tap ciia van

ban

10 Doc

vd hieu thdu ddo

cdc van ban van

hoc vd cdc van ban thong

tin c6

do phirc

tap cao mot cdch

doc lap

vd thdnh thao

6 Vie

t Nam , chircm

cau

ciia chuong

trinh hien hanh, ke

g

chuan kien thiic, k

a) Co tri thuc ve

van ban

- Hie

u y nghia ciia cac ti

cdc hanh dong, thao

tdc doc hieu noi

chung vd vai timg

t nghia , pha

n tich , pha

n loai , ke

- Rii

t r

a dug

c y nghia

ham an cua van ban tu cac ch

h thiic , y nghia cua van

ban

va

phong each ciia tac gia mot eac

h khac

h quan

12

c) Van dung nhiing tri thirc, kinang c6 lien quan hodc can den doc hieu de thyrc Men cdc nhiem vu hoc tap va cdc hoat dong dai song

- Doc cac van ban mai dira tren nhiing kinh nghiem da tich luy dirge tu vice doc hiiu cac van ban dugc day hoc trong nha trirong

- Noi, vi§t ve mot v§n &k van hoc hoac dai song dira tren nhiing ket qua doc hieu

van ban

- Trinh bay giai phap de giai quygt mot vin d^ cu th§ (la mot nhiem vu trong hoc tap, trong doi song) tir sir van dung ngi dung cua van ban da doc

3 Van ban doc hieu

Chuong trinh Ngu van ciia Viet Nam neu hai loai van ban de day hoc doc hieu, do 1^:

van ban van hoc v^ van ban nhqt dung Trong do, cic van ban van hoc dugc xep theo

cum the loai va tien trinh lich su, chiera da so cac van ban dugc day hoc; cac van ban nhat dung chiem ti le rat nho va khong da dang ve hinh thuc nhu van ban van hoc

Theo PISA, doi tugng ciia doc hieu khong chi la kieu van ban "truyen thong" m^ con

la nhung van ban ma "ngon ngu" cua no dugc su dung a dang do hoa, in ki thuat so, bao

gom ca van ban thong tin va van ban van hoc, la nhung hien thi hinh anh nhu so do, ban do, bang bieu, do thi va truyen tranh voi nhung chii thich bang ngon ngu Nhung van ban nay c6 the ton tai hoac la doc lap hoac c6 the dugc nam trong cac van ban Ion hon

Nhu vay, xu the quoe te hien nay cho thay su ma rong ve van ban dgc hieu noi chung, van ban doc hieu trong nha truong pho thong noi rieng Co bao nhieu loai van ban trong cuoc song thi c6 bay nhieu loai dugc day dgc hieu trong nha truong pho thong Viec day hoc doe hieu a nha truong pho thong phai dam bao giiip hoc sinh hinh thanh va phat trien

nang lire dgc, van dung dugc vao thuc te dm song cua ban than Tren thuc te, tu nam hgc

2013 - 2014, Bg Giio due v^ Dho tao da thuc hien d6i mai kiem tra, d^h gi^ nang lire ciia

hgc sinh trong mon Ngu van, trong do c6 doi mod kiem tra, danh gid dgc hieu van ban, dua

van ban thong tin vko dh thi mon Ngir van a ki thi t6t nghiep trung hgc pho thong cua nam

hgc nay va se tiep tuc doi mod sau hon d nhirng nam hgc tiep theo Viec lam nay c6 tac dong r4t u'ch cue den qua trinh day hgc va kiSm tra, danh gia ket qua dgc hieu van ban d nha truong trung hgc pho thong

II H U O N G D A N H O C S I N H O N L U Y E N D O C H I E U

1 Cach doc hieu cac loai van ban

1.1 Van ban van hoc

a) Dgc diem cua van ban van hoc

Co nhieu quan niem ve van ban van hoc (con ggi 1^ van ban nghe thuat, van ban van

chuong) Song, c6 thk hiku mot each chung nhSt, van ban van hgc la "san pham ciia tien

Uinh lich su Theo nghia rgng, van ban van hgc la tat ca cae van ban sir dung ngon tu mot each nghe thuat Theo nghia nay, khong ehi van ban tha, truyen, kich, ma ca cae

m

van ban hich, c^o , chieu , bieu , s

p va

n cii

a tha

i hien dai,

deu

CO

the coi l

a va

n ba

n va

n hoc The

o nghi

a hep , va

dimg bang hu

u s

u thi , truye

n thuyet , truye

n c

6 tich , truye

n ngin , tie

u thuy^t , kich

,

tha, phii "'

- Dgc diem ve

ngon tit:

Ngon tu van hoc c6 tinh nghe

- Dac diem ve

hinh tuong:

Hinh tugng van hoe l

i dgc , l

a ha

m chu

a ca

c y nghia khai qu^

" ra

- Dac diem ve

ddi

song dugc nh

ciia van ban van hoc co

n th

e

hien qua nhan vat, s

u kien , ch

i tiet , qu

a s

u sa

p xep , ke

tii Y nghia

ciia van ban van hoc dugc chia thanh eS

c lap : d

e iHi,

chu

de, ca

m hung , tin

h ch§

t tha

m mi , tril

t l

i nha

n sinh

- Dac diem ve

cd tinh sang tao

cua nha van: Va

c d il

m d

o I kn cho cdc va

n ba

n

van hoc phong phii, md

i me , khon

g la

p lai.

^

b) Yeu cau ciia

doc hieu van ban

dgc

hieu true tiep van ban van hgc cua nh

a van , nh

a tha , nh

se dugc rung

dgng v

e ngh

e thuat , thudn

h cam , trudn

g th^n

h v

e nha

n cdch , hin

n s^t , t

u duy , tudn

n ba

n I

k

ton tai du

nghia,

tinh cam,

ml cam ma

nha van gui gam

p mot , NX

B Gid

o dy

e Vie

t Nam , 2012 , tr 45

Tap mot, NX

B Gia

o du

e Vie

t Nam , 2012 , tr

doc hieu van ban,

Sdd, tr 1

ban phicomg phdp day

De on tap cho ki thi trung hoc pho thong quoc gia, hoc sinh can nam vung kien thuc

vk ki nang doc hieu cac van ban van hoc cua chuong trinh va sach gi^o khoa lop 12 Tuy

nhien, can mo rong pham vi on tap doi voi cac van ban van hoc dirge hgc d nhiing khoi

lap dudd va nhung van ban mdi, c6 cung de tai va the loai voi cac van ban da hgc theo

chucmg trinh v^ sach giao khoa lop 12

Sau day la mot so luu y khi dgc hieu cac van ban van hgc thuong gap: '

* Ve doc hieu van ban van hoc trung dai Viet Nam:

- Dgc hieu van ban van hgc trung dai Viet Nam truoc het phai chu y den ngon ngil

cua van ban Ngon ngir ciia van ban van hgc trung dai dugc vi6t bang chu Hdn v^ chu

Nom Voi van ban chu Han, khi dgc, can b ^ sat vao ban phien am (de nam dugc dac

diem the loai, bo cue, van, nhip, bien phap tu tir ) va dich nghia (de hieu nghia ciia tir

ngu, hinh anh, chi tiet ), phSn dich tho chi nen dgc de tham khao Van ban Han, Nom

lai thuong dung nhieu dien tich, dien c6, tir c6 Khi dgc, can phai hieu v^ khai th^c dugc

y nghia ciia clc dien tich, dien c6 v^ sac th^i bieu cam ciia cac tir ngii

- Dgc hieu van ban van hgc trung dai Viet Nam phai th§y dugc cdc iic gia it de cap

den cdc hien tugng doi song ma chu yeu thien ve bieu hien tdm, chi ciia ngucri viet Vi

vay, hinh tugng nghe thuat trong van ban thuong mang tinh tugng trung, uoc le Do do,

can thay dugc y nghia tugng trung, uoc le ciia hinh tugng nghe thuat cung nhu tdm, chi

ciia nhk van, nhk tho gui gim trong tdc phSm

- Dgc hieu van ban van hgc trung dai Viet Nam phai chii y den tmh quy pham chat

che cua van ban: thien v6 xay dung nhiing kien tnic ngon tu vung chai, doi xung, h^i ho^

nhu tho luat, van bien ngau; su dung dien c6, dien tich, lod it y nhieu Do do, can khai

thac dugc nhung phuong dien nay de thay dugc ve dep ciia cac tac pham

* Ve doc hieu tieu thuyet vd truyen ngdn Viet Nam hien dai:

- Dgc hieu ti§u thuyet wk truyen ngSn Viet Nam hien dai chu yeu 1^ dgc hieu nhan vat

Nhan vat Ih yeu to quan trong h^g dau cua c^c the loai n^y Nh^ van s^ng tao nhan vat de

giii gam tu tuong, tinh cam va quan niem ciia minh ve cugc doi Vi the, khi dgc hieu tieu

thuyet va truyen ngan, dau tien, can phai chii y den nhan vat voi nhung bieu hien ngoai

hinh, ngi tam, hanh dgng, cii chi, ngon ngu ; cac moi quan he cua cac nhan vat v^ giua

nhan vat voi ho^ canh xung quanh d^ th§y dugc dia vi, tinh each v^ so phan ciia nhan vat

- Dgc hieu tieu thuyet va truyen ng§n Viet Nam hien dai phai tim v& phan tich cot

truyen v^ chi tiet Cot truyen la he thdng sir kien^i^n c6 xay ra trong doi song cua nhan

vat, giiip bgc 16 U'nh cdch, s6 phan nhan vat Chi tiet la nhiing bieu hien cu the cho thay

a'nh c^ch nhan vat va dien bien quan he cua chiing, dong thoi the hien sir quan sat va nghe

thuat ke chuyen ciia nh^ van Do do, c§n chii y phSn tich, cat nghia, binh luan chi tiet de

thay dugc sue hap dan, thii vi cua chiing

- Dgc hieu tieu thuyet va truyen ngan Viet Nam hien dai phai thay dugc su mieu ta dac

diem, hoan canh ciia nhan vat Hoan canh la toan bg cac quan he xa hoi, dieu kien song

n tich , h' gia

i hg

p va

i nha

u de tao r

a y nghi

a cii

a ta

c pham

hung thi

i ch

o nguo

d doc D

o do , ca

n kha

i tha

c eac

h to chiic t^

c pha

m de thay dug

n pha

n tic

h la

i ke chuyen d

van hoc: n ho n va h ba c kic - Do

e ch

u ye

u la doc lo

a ta

m tu , tin

h cam , sa

c thai , dpn

g ca ben tron

n eac

h dug

c na

y sinh , pha

t trie

* Ve doc hieu tha Viet

Nam hien dai: a Vie , th i chung a no u th c hie - Do

n nkm

dSn la

i tha La

m xiic , ta

m su rieng tu , la

m

- Doc hieu tho Viet Nam hien dai can biet van dung ngu canh (hoan canh s^ng tac)

de hieu bai tho Ngu canh lich su, xa hoi, y d6 va tam thi ciia nha tho khi sdng tac la mot

can cu de giai thich y tho

1.2 Van ban nhat dung va van ban thong tin '

a) Dgc diem ciia van ban nhgt dung va van ban thong tin

* Van ban nhat dung

Trong chuong trinh Ngu van hien hanh cua Viet Nam, van ban nhat dung "khong

phai la mot the loai van hoc hay mot kieu van ban So di goi van ban nhat dung la xuat

phat tu noi dung de tai va vi the nhung van ban nay c6 the thuoc bat k i the loai nao

cua van hoc hoae khong phai van ban van hoc"' Cac van ban nay c6 npi dung de cap

den nhung van de c6 tinh thai su, quan trong, buc thiet doi vai cupc song hang ngay

cua con nguai va xa hoi hien dai nhu: thien nhien, moi truang, dan so, doi moi tu duy,

ling dung cong nghe thong tin Cac van ban nhat dung, do do, rat da dang ve de tai va

the loai Mot so van ban con c6 nhieu net dac sac ve nghe thuat (bo cue, ngon tu, hinh

anh, cac phep tu tir, ) vi dugc viet theo cac the loai cua van hoc Muc dich cua viec

doc hieu cac van ban nay la de nang cao y thuc trdch nhiem cua moi ca nhan d6i vai cdc

van de ciia dai song xa hoi

* Van ban thong tin

Trong chuang trinh giao due pho thong, mon Ngon ngu vk Van hoc ciia nhieu nuac

tren the gidi hien nay xuat hien khai niem "van ban thong tin" Khai niem n^y cung da

dugc nhieu nh^ khoa hoc giao due Ngu van trong nude quan tam va de cap den trong mot

so cong trinh nghien ciiu Van ban thong tin khac vdi van ban van hoc, chii yeu dugc viet

de truyen dat thong tin hoae kien thiic "Ve ca ban, chiing ta doc loai van ban nay de

chuyen hoa cac thong tin hoae kien thiic trong van ban thanh tri thuc ciia minh vdi muc

dich su dung luon trong hgc tap vk ddi song hoae l^m tu heu cho mai sau", "ngudi doc se

CO hai tu tudng khi doc van ban thong tin, mot 1^ de trai nghiem; hai de dinh vi v^ ghi

nhd thong tin Do do, vdi hau het c^c van ban thong tin, su chii y cua ngudi doc se tap

trung chu yeu vao nhirng dieu hp se thu dugc tu viec doc - tuc la thong tin chiia dung

trong van ban."'

Co the thay, van ban thong tin bao gid cung trinh bay thong tin mot each khdeh quan,

cung cap thong tin ve doi tugng mot each chi tiet, giiip ngudi doc, ngudi nghe hieu nhilng

gi dugc mo ta bang each to chuc hoae phan loai thong tin Trong van ban, tdc gia su dung

nhung each thuc hoae phuang tien/tinh nang de ho trg ngudi dgc trong viec tim kiem

thong tin mot each nhanh chong va c6 hieu qua Do c6 the la mot bang ngi dung, mot chi so,

chu in dam hoae in nghieng, chu giai cho von tu vung chuyen nganh, dinh nghia tu vung

' B 6 Giao due D a c tac, S G V Ngit van 6, Tap mot, N X B Giao due, 2005, tr 16

" Michael R Graves, Teaching Reading in the 21" century: Motivating AULearmii (5* Edition),

chuyen nganh , min

h ho

a ch

o hin

h anh , gh

i chii , ch

u thic

h d6 thi v&

c tM

boat, ba

o chi , chin

h luan , kho

a hoc , han

h chinh Chun

g c6 th8 l

a va

n ba

n dua

c in

g gia

o tie

g Ion trd \k nhitng , do dang noi vilt 6 i va dang no i a ca n ta t to h boa u sin n ng each ngo

chuyen tdm tinh, tham

hoi nhau, trao doi

y kien

ve nhimg cong viec

va sic kien hang

ngay, niem, nhat tin, lini dong nhan nhan, nhimg tic ca. hire thu la cac , do g viet O dan ki, thk; tin , cu h dong h sin thk; tin h ca : tin h boat : sin n ngu h ngo g eac a phon g cii Dac trun

n da

t dua

c su dung tron

g ckc

van ba

truyen hinh , ba

i tri, xd cao chinh ngon, bao n tuyen n ba cac va t la dang vil noi d t v^ : vie hai dang a ca

hoi, binh luan chinh tri

mit tinh, n chin n ba a va ban cu g ca c nan giao Chii thuc ngogi trong nghi phdt bieu

h lua

quan diem , tu

tuang, la

p trucm

g chin

h tri , xa hoi; tin

n vk noi : vik hai dang i a ca n ta y t6 n na n ba c va Ca g nghe c - con a ho c kho h vu thuge lin

i thuye

t tiinh , b^

o cdo trong ho

(cong trinh nghien cim, chuyen lugn, ludn an, ), van ban khoa hoc giao khoa {sdch gido khoa, gido trinh, ) va van ban khoa hoc pho cap {pho Men kien thuc khoa hoc pho thong, ) Dac trimg ciia phong each ngon ngu khoa hoc: tinh khai quat, trim tirgng; tinh

li tri, logic; tinh khach quan, phi ca the

- Phong each ngon ngii hanh chinh: la kieu dien dat dugc sii dung trong cac van ban thuoc linh vuc giao dep dieu hanh va quan If xa hoi Van ban hanh chinh chii yeu ton tai

dudd dang viet, bao gom: van ban quy pham phap luat {hien phdp, cdc van ban luat, cdc

van ban duai luat, ); van ban hoi nghi (bien ban, bdo cdo, de dn, nghi quy it, ); van ban

thii tuc hanh chfnh {cong van, don tit, hap dong, van bang, hod don, ) Dac trung cua

phong each ngon ngu hanh chinh: tinh khuon mau; tinh minh xac; tinh cong vu

b) Yeu cdu cua doc hieu van ban nhdt dung vd vdn bdn thong tin

De on tap cho ki thi trung'hoc pho thong quoc gia, hoc sinh ckn huy dong nhung

hieu biet ciia minh ve cac van de c6 tinh thai sir, quan trong, biic thiet doi vdi cuoc song hang ngay ciia con nguai v^ xa hoi hien dai nhu: thien nhien, moi trudng, dan

so, doi moi tu duy, ung dung cong nghe thong tin ; nam vung cac phong each ngon ngir sinh boat, bao chi, chinh luan, khoa hoc, hanh chinh de doc hieu nhiing van ban nhat dung, van ban thong tin c6 npi dung va hinh thuc phu hop vdi trinh do ciia hoc sinh Idp 12

Khi doc hieu cac van ban nhat dung va van ban thong tin, ngudi doc can phai quan

-tam den viee nam duac vin de/thong tin chinh v^ y nghla xa hoi, giao due, thdi su, tu

tudng cua hai loai van ban nay Tir do, ung dung nhung dieu da doc dugc v^o hoc tap

V2i cuoc song Vdi hai loai van ban nay, nhSt la van ban nhat dimg, thudng han chi dat ra

van de tim hieu hinh thuc nghe thuat trong quA trinh doe

Co the tham khao quan niem ciia PISA trong viee d§ ra cac nhiem vu/noi dung doc hieu bdi c^c nhiem vu/noi dung doc hieu m^ PISA dua ra rat phii hop vdi loai van ban n^y PISA 2012 cho rang khi doc hieu, ngudi doc phai h o ^ t h ^ nam nhiem vu doc, cung 1^ nam budc trong qud trinh doc hieu nhu sau:

- Lay thong tin tir van ban

- Tao nen su hieu biet chung vg van ban

- Giai thieh v6 van ban

- Phan anh va danh gia ve npi dung cua van ban

- Phan anh va danh gia ve hinh thuc ciia van ban ,x ^

Nam nhiem vu tren dugc to chuc thanh ba khia canh chinh: truy cap vd lay thong tin;

tich hap vd gidi thich; phdn dnh vd ddnh gid PISA 2012 con dua ra so do the hien moi

quan he giua khung doc va cac khia canh cua doc' nhu sau:

PISA 2012 Assessment and Analytical Framework Mathematics, Reading Science, Problem solving and Financial literacy (nguon: http://www.oecd.org)

Khd ndng doc

Sir dung

van ban Sir dung

ban

Truy cap

vd lay thong tin

Tick hap

vd gidi thich

Phdn dnh

vd ddnh gid

Lay thong tin

Tao nen

ban Gidi thich ve vdn

ban Noidung ciia vdn

bdn Hinh thicc cua vdn

- Mii

c do 6: Nguo

i do

c ta

o ra dugc nhie

u su

y luan, so sanh v

c nhie

u va

n ba

n va c6 th

tuong/thong ti

n no

i bat, man

n ba

n c6 u'nh lon

g hop/d

a dan

g ve chii d

e va hinh thii

canh cu

a doc, nhie

n dS

- Mii

c do 4: Ba

i do

c xa

c din

h vi tri v

a t6 chuc mo

c kie

n thii

c ca ban v

^ ph

n

20

mot sir hieu biet chinh xac ve mot van ban dai hoac phuc tap vdd npi dung hoac hinh thuc

- Muc do 3: Doi hoi nguoi doc xdc dinh vj tri, v^ trong mot s6 truong hop nhan

ra cac moi quan he giua mot so thong tin Cac nhiem vu gidi thick a cap do nay doi

hoi nguoi doc tich hgp mot so phSn cua mot van ban de xac djnh noi dung chinh, hieu mot moi quan he hoac giai thich y nghia cua mot tu hoac cum tu Nguoi doc can phai dua ra dugc nhung bieu hien cu the trong khi so sanh, doi lap hoac phan loai Cac thong tin dua ra thuong khong phai la noi bat hoac c6 nhieu thong tin canh tranh/nhieu, hoac c6 nhung tro ngai khac tu van ban, chang han nhu cac y tuong (cua nguai viet) trai vai ki vpng/suy nghi thong thuong hoac c6 nhung cdch dien dat tieu

circ Nhung nhiem vu phdn dnh a muc nay c6 the yeu cau ket noi, so sanh vh giai

thi'ch hoac c6 the yeu cau -nguoi doc danh gia mot dac diem ciia van ban Mot so

nhiem vu phdn dnh yeu cau doc gia chiing minh mot y hay cua van ban lien quan den

tri thiic hang ngay Cac nhiem vu khac khong yeu cau hieu chi tiet van ban, nhung yeu cau nguai doc riit ra kien thiic it pho bien han

- Miic do 2: Doi hoi nguoi doc xac dinh vi tri ciia mot hoac nhieu mau thong tin c6 the can phai dugc suy ra va c6 the gap trong mot so hoan canh nhat dinh Nhung yeu cau khac nhu nhan ra noi dung chinh cua mot van ban, hieu cac moi quan he hoac giai

thich y nghia cua mot phkn trong van ban dugc giai han khi thong tin 1^ khong noi bat

va nguoi doc phai dua ra dugc suy luan o mire do th§p Cac nhiem vu a cap do nay c6 the hen quan den viec so sanh hoac tuong phan dua tren mot dac diem nko do cua van

ban Cac nhiem vu phan anh tieu bieu a cSp do nay yeu cau doc gia so sdnh hoac tao ra

su ket noi giua cac van ban va kien thuc ben ngoai, bang c^ch dua tren kinh nghiem va thai do cua cd nhan

-Muc dpi:

+ Muc dp la: Doi hoi nguoi dpc xic dinh vi tri cua mot hoac nhieu phan thong tin de

nhan ra chu de chinh hay muc dich ciia t^c gia trong mot van ban ve mot de tid quen thuoc, hoac de tao ra mot ket n6i dan gian giua cdc thong tin trong c^c van ban vh kien

thuc thong thuong hang ngay Thong thuong, cac thong tin can thiet trong van ban la noi bat va CO rat it tinh canh tranh/nhieu Nguai dpc dugc dinh huong mot each ro rang de xem xet cac yeu to lien quan trong nhiem vu va trong van ban

+ Muc dp lb: Doi hoi nguai dpc xac dinh vi tri cua mot mau thong tin duy nhat dugc quy dinh ro rang a mot vi tri noi bat trong mot van ban dan gian ve cii phap, ngan va

quen thuoc v^ chii dh va the loai, ch§ng han nhu mot van ban tu sir hay mot ban danh

sach dan gian Cac van ban thong thuong cung eSp cho nguai dpc c^c dau hieu, chang

han nhu sir lap di lap lai cic thong tin, hinh anh hoac bieu tugng quen thuoc vdri rat it cac

thong tin canh tranh/nhieu Trong cac nhiem vu giai thich, nguai dgc c6 the can phai thuc hien cic ket noi dan gian giira cac thong tin gan ke nhau

Nhu vay, theo each dien giai cua PISA, miic dp 6, 5, 4 bao gom viec hieu van ban dugc hpc, van dung v^o dpc van ban moi; cac muc dp con lai ap dung vai nhiing van ban dugc hpc hoac quen thuoc vai nguoi dpc

h gia

o khoa

Cac ca

u hoi , ba

o gom : ca

u hoi , ba

i ta

p dong yeu ca

u tra loi du

phuc hofp

Truoc mat , the

i ta

p t

u luan Song , tron

g qu

a trin

h o

n luyen , ne

n s

u dung them

Noi dung cdc ca

u hoi , bk

n ban : d

e tai , ch

u de , y chinh cii

e loai , b

o cue , phuan

g thu

c bie

u dat , phon

i tiet , hin

h anh , si

r kien , thon

g tin

Cac ca

u hoi , ba

* Nhan biet:

- Nha

n bie

t d

e tM , th

e loai , phuan

g thu

c bie

u dat , phon

i tiet , hin

h anh , si

r kien , thon

* Thong hieu:

a va

n ban

- Sa

p xep , pha

- Ke

t noi , do

i chieu , l

i gia

i no

i dung , y nghia cu

i tiet , s

n di^m , tha

Khi tra loi cau hoi, bM tap doc hieu, hoc sinh can viet ngan gpn, ro r^ng, day du cac thong 4in cau hoi, bai tap yeu cau Khong viet qua dai; khong can viet thanh doan hoac bai van Tuy theo yeu cau cua cau hoi ma giao vien danh gia cau tra loi cua hoc sinh

theo hai hoac ba muc: Muc day du (tra lod dung, day dii cac yeu cau cua cau hoi, bai tap);

Mice chua day du (tra loi diing mot phan yeu cau cua cau hoi, bai tap; tra l o i day du cic

yeu cau cua cau hoi, bai tap nhung noi dung cau tra loi con chung chung, so sai hoac dien

dat chua ro y), Khong dat (tra loi sai hoac khong tra loi)

Sau day Ik ckc cau hoi doc hieu:

Van b^n 1: GIANG SANG^

Dien thuong con lam Vut cdi, Dien thdy Dien khong the ndo di duac Dien khong the sung suang khi con Dien cdn kho Chcio di! Trdng dep lam! Trang diu dang vd trong treo

va binh tinh Nhung trong nhung cdn leu ndt ma trdng lam cho cdi be ngodi trdng cung dep, Met bao nguai qudn quai, nice na, nhdn nhd v&i nhung dau thucmg cua kiep mink! Biet bao tieng nghien rdng va chid rua! Biet bao cue kho vd lam than? Khong, khong, Dien khong the ndo ma mong duac Cdi su that tan nhdn ludn ludn bay ra day Su thuc giet chet nhung uac ma long man gieo trong dau 6c Dien cdi thic van chuang cua bon nhdn roi qua Dien muon trdnh su thuc, nhung tron trdnh lam sao duac? Va Dien kho, con Dien kho, cha me Dien kho Chinh Dien ciing kho Bao nhieu nguai nica, citng mot cdnh kho nhu Dien! Cdi kho lam heo mot phan Ian nhicng tinh tinh tuai dep ciia nguai ta Tieng dau kho vang doi len manh me Chao di! Chao di! Nghe thuat khdng cdn phdi la dnh trdng lica doi, khong nen Id dnh trdng lira doi, nghe thuat c6 the chi Id tieng dau kho kia, thodt ra tic nhung kiep lam than, vang doi len manh me trong long Dien Dien chdng cdn di dau cd Dien chdng cdn trdn trdnh, Dien cic diing trong lao kho, ma hon ra don lay tat cd nhimg vang dong cua dai

Sang hdm sau, Dien ngoi viet, giica tieng con khoc, tieng va gat gong, tieng leo xeo doi na ngodi dau x6m Vd cd tieng chin bai cua mot nguai Idng gieng ban dem mat ga

(Nam Cao)

Cau 1 Noi dung chinh cua van ban tren la gi?

Cau 2 Ngon ngu trong van ban tren la loi ciia ai? Viec su dung ngon ngii do c6 tac

dung gi?

Cau 3 Anh/chi cam nhan nhu the nao ve nhan vat Dien trong van ban tren? Viet cau

tra loi trong khoang 10 dong

Cau 4 Dien quan niem: "Nghe thuat khdng cdn phdi Id dnh trdng lica doi, khdng

nen la dnh trdng lica doi, nghe thuat cd the chi la tiing dau kho kia, thodt ra tit nhimg kiep lam than " Anh/chj c6 d6ng y voi quan diem do hay khong? V i sao?

Dan theo Nam Cao - Truyen ngdn tuyen chon, NXB Van hoc, 2000 ' '

Van b^

n 2 : N HA M

E LE

^

Nhd me

Le Id mot gia dlnh mot

nguai me vai muai

mot ngudd con Bdc

Le Id

mot

nguai dan

bd que chdc chdn

vd thdp

be, da mat vd

chdn tay dan deo

nhu mot qua tram

kho Khi bdc moi

den pho,

ai ai cung chii

y den ddm con

ciia bdc:

muai mot dua, md

dira

nhan moi

cd muai bdy tudi,

dica be nhdt hdy con phdi

be tren tay

Me con bdc ta

a mot can nhd

cudi pho, mot can

nhd cung lup xup

nhu nhung can

nhd khdc Chimg ay

nguai chen chuc trong

mot khodng rong do

bdng hai chiec chieu,

CO moi

mot chiec giuang nan

dd gdy ndt Miia

ret thi rdi 6 ram day nhd, me

con cung

nam ngu tren do,

trong nhu mot cdi

6 cho, cho me

vd cho con luc

nhuc D6i vai

nhung nguai ngheo nhu

bdc, mot cho a

nhu the cUng tuam

tat lam rdi Nhung

con

each kiem

an Bdc

Le chat vat, kho

khan sudt ngdy cung

khong du nudi chimg

dy dira

con Tic budi sdng

tinh suang, miia nuc

cUng nhu mua ret,

bdc ta

dd phdi tra day

de

di Idm muan cho

nhitng nguai c6 ruong

trong Idng.

Nhitng ngdy

cd nguai muan dy,

tuy bdc phdi Idm

vdt vd, nhung chdc

chdn budi toi dugc

may bat gao vd

mdy dong

xu

vi nudi

lU con doi dai

a nhd.

Do Id nhung ngdy

sung suang.

Nhung den miia ret,

khi

cdc ruong liiadd gdt

rdi, cdnh dong chi

con tra cudng rg

dual gid bdc Ignh

nhu luai

dao sac khia vdo

da, bdc

Le lo

sa, vi khong ai

muan bdc Idm viec

gi nira.

The Id

cd

nhd nhin doi Mdy

dira nhd nhdt, con

Ty, con Phiin, thdng

Hi md con chi

rdch ndt, thit chung

no thdm tim Igi

vi ret, nhu thit

con trdu chet Bdc

Le 6m

dp lay con trong

6 ram

de mong lay cdi

hai

dm cica minh dp

p d

o 1^ gi?

Cau 2 Ne

Cau 3 Nlia

?

-Cau 4 Ti

Cau 5 The

o anh/chi , nh

6 tin

h ca

m do

' Da

n the

o Thgch

Lam Van vd dai, NX

-B H

a Npi , 1999

24

Van b^n 3: H O N T R U O N G B A , D A H A N G TH\V

Vgr TruoTig Ba: Ong nha toi mat roi!

De Thich: (bang hoang) Troi, mat bao gio? Toi vua danh co vod ong ay horn no co m^?

Vtr TriroTig Ba: (nga nga nhin De Thich) Ong ong la

De Thich: Toi la ong lao hanh kh§t each day hai tuan da tdi nha danh co vdi ong

Trirang Ba

Vgr Trirong Ba: Toi nho r6i! Thi dung hom ay day, ong vira di khoi co mot lat, the 1^

nha toi (khoc)

De Thich: Khong the nhu the dugc! Nguyen do vi dau ong ay mat? Sao ong ay

khong gpi toi?

Vff Trirong Ba: Nao co biet nguyen do vi dau! Ong §y cung chang kip troi trang gi,

dang khoe manh, vui ve, bong dung Nhung tai sao ong lai a day?

De Thich: Toi a tren nay Toi la tien Di Thich, con hai ong kia 1^ Nam Tao, BSc Dau,

deu la quan nha giod

Vff TriroTig Ba: Tien ^? Quan nha giod a? Nam Tao, Bac D§u a? Th§ thi (xdm xdm

tien den tncac mat Nam Too, Bdc Ddu) Toi da len dugc den day, toi phai hoi cac nguod cho

ra nhe: Tai sao chong toi phai chet, tai sao giod bat chong toi phai chet? Ong ay tot 1^ the,

hien hau la the, sao cac nguod no {qudt to, tay vung cdi Hem) Do doc ac! Do bat nhan!

[Nam Tao vd Bdc Ddu sa hai liii vdo mot goc) Cac nguod phai tra lai toi; Tai sao?

Nam Tao: (Idp bap) Kia, ong De Thich, can b^ ay lai Chiing toi Chung toi dau

De Thich: (v&i Nam Tao, Bdc Dau) Nhung cdc ong phai hik chu, c^c ong giti so

Nam T^o m^ C^c ong \hm an thi n^o thi? Toi dau nga! Ong Truang Ba ay 1^ nguoi

tijr te, tot bung, con dang rat khoe manh, phai dugc song hai muai nam ntta mai phai Cac ong xem lai so xem

(Nam Tao, Bdc Ddu sa set nhin cdi Hem tren tay va Truang Ba, lap cap gio so sdch.)

B5c Dau: Vang, chiing toi xem lai day! (hai ngu&i liii hiii do tim) Cach day hai tu§n a?

Day r6i, tinh Dong, lang Thugng Truang Ba Con s6ng dugc hai muai nam nira, nhung

ta da

Nam Tao: Chet r6i, diing la cai hom cai hom bac giuc toi nhanh len de den dinh

Thai thugng du tiec Thi la toi nhSm mat toi gach Tai bac!

Bac Dau: Sao lai tai toi? Bac gach chii!

Nam Tao: Nhung tai b^c

Bdc Dau: Tai bac thi co

Nam Tao: Ta

i bac , ta

c nguo

i phai 1km

chong

t6i

song lai, ke

Ddu, turn nguc do

Nam Tao

Nam Tao vung chay,

nguc do rdch xoac)

Bac Dau:

Xi

n hh,

xin ba Ba

y gio , vie

c d

a l

o r6i Ong

g na

o cun

g th

d thoi , nguo

nen cac on

g la

m sa

o hie

u dugc chet th

e nhol

Mot nguo

i

dang song, dan

g la

m lung , cuo

i noi , vu

i buon , hi

t th

o kh

i troi , nhi

a cua, ban

be tha

n thich , bon

g dun

g mo

t cdi , khon

g 1^

gi het

, cam lang, tron

g khong , tha

i cAc

ong cung phai 1k

g to

i trot

lam

Vang , ne

da hong roi, chiin

lo

muc cua Bdc Ddu

nem xuong bac them)

g mk

y ra

!

Nam Tao, B5

c Dau

: (kinh hodng) 6

cd lucn)

Cuu

chiing toi voi

(Luu Quang

va dat tron

g ngoa

c don ) tron

do • ' •

• ^ -

Van b^n 4: DAY MUA THU T6V

Rang lieu diu hiu dimg chiu tang, Toe buon buong xuong le ngan hang;

Day mua thu t&i - mua thu tai V&i do ma phai det Id vcing

' • 2 • Han mot loai hoa da rung canh,

Trong vuan sac do rua mau xanh;

Nhung luong run ray rung rinh la

Dot nhdnh kho gay xuong mong manh

Thinh thodng ndng trang tungdn nga

Non xa kh&i sic nhat suong ma

Da nghe ret muat luon trong gio

Ddvdng nguai sang nhirng chuyen dd

May van timg khong, chim bay di

KM trai u udt hdn chia li

It nhieu thieu nir buon khong noi Tua cua nhin xa, nghi ngai gi

(Xuan Dieu)

Cau 1 Bki tha dugc vidt theo thfi tha nko? CSc cau trong bki thuang ngSt nhip nhu

thS n^o? Neu t^c dung cua cdch ngat nhip ay

Cau 2 B^i tha dugc trien khai theo trinh tir n^o?

Cau 3 Nhung cau tho nao the hien cam nhan tinh te ciia nha tha ve thien nhien trong

thai dilm giao miia tu ha sang thu? Cam nhan ciia anh/chi ve nhung cau tho do Viet cau tra lai trong khoang 10 dong

Cau 4 Chi ra hieu qua cua viec sii dimg cac tu lay trong c^c cau tha sau:

- Rang lieu diu hiu dimg chiu tang

Toe buon buong xuong le ngan hang ' '

- Nhung luong run ray rung rinh Id i? 5

D6i nhdnh kho gay xuang mong manh

Cau 5 Nhung dau ba chim ( ) a kho tho thu ba c6 tac dung gi?

' Din theo Ngic van 11 Ndng cao Tap hai, NXB Giio due Viet Nam, 2012

6 Tron

g ba

i tha , anh/ch

Khuyen trong

bai Thu

dieu {Cau

cd mua thu) m

N QU E^

^ •

• '

• Horn qua em

ddu long

' ' Khan

nhung qudn linh ron

rang

' Ao ccii khuy

bdm, em lam kho

toi!

Nao ddu cdi yem

lua s6i?

Cdi day lung dui

nhuom hoi sang xuan

?

Nao ddu cdi do

tic thdn ? -;:

Cdi khan

mo qua, cdi qudn

ndi den?

D: ^^

^a

; = p

-Noi ra

sa mat Idng em

Van em

em hdy giit nguyen

que miia

Nhu hom

em di

le chua -» •

-Cic an mac the cho vita

long anh

; = ; :1

* Hoa

chanh nagiua vuom chanh

minh v&i chiing minh

chdn que

'd ', -

Hom qua

em di tinh ve

' • ; i

Li

Hucmg dong gio noi bay

di it nhieu

(Nguyen Bi'nh)

Cau 4 Trong nhirng cSu tha sau, nha tha sit dung cac bien phap tu tir gi? Neu tac

dung cua cac bien phap tu tir do. ••• Hiir-a • '^hv^u- >

Nao ddu cdi yem lua soi?

Cdi day linig dui nhuom hoi sang xudn? - ^

Nao ddu cdi do tie than ? Cdi khan mo qua, cdi quan ndi den ?

Cau 5 Qua bai tha, anh/chi hieu nghia ciia tir "chan que" nhu the nao?

Cau 6 Anh/chj c6 dong tinh vai quan diem ciia nha tha trong nhCrng cau tha sau hay

khong? V i sao?

Ndi ra sa mat long em Van em em hay giu nguyen que mua

Nhu hom em di le chua

Cu an mac the cho vira long anh

Cau 7 Tir bai tha, anh/chi c6 suy nghi gi ve viec giu gin ban sac van hoa dan toe?

Viet cau tra lai trong khoang 10 dong

Van ban 6: NHC)D6NG^

Gi sau bang nhung trua thucmg nha Hiu quanh ben trong mot tieng ho!

Dau ddng hinh quen, ddu cd roi

Sao ma cdch Met, qud xa xdi Chao di thucmg nha, chao thuang nha

Oi me gid xa dan chiec ai!

Ddu nhung hon thdn tu thuaxua Nhung hon quen ddi gid dam mua Nhung hon chat phdc hien nhu ddt Khoai sdn tinh que rat thiet tha!

Ddu nhimg ngdy xua, toi nha toi Ban khodn di kiem le yeu ddi

- :i, r Van vatheo mdi vdng quanh quan

Muon thodt, than oi, budc chdng roi

' D i n theo Ngii- van 11 Ndng cao Tap hai, N X B Gido due Viet Nam, 2012

R6i mot horn nao,

toi thay toi

Nhe nhang nhu con

chim ca lai

Say dong huang nang

vui ca hat

Tren chin tang cao

bat ngdt trai

Cho t&i chic day,

t&i chic day

Toi ma qua cira

khdm bao ngay

Toi thu tat ca trong thdm

Idng

Nhu cdnh chim budn

nha gio may

~" Gi sdu bang

nhicng trua hiu quanh

Oi ruong dong que

thuorng nha at!

V Thang

7/1939

(T6

H UU )

~ — Cau

I

Va n

bSn

7:

HH6'

LH chung toi •

, , i

v.

-Bon nguai tic xic,

Gap nhau hoi chica

biet chic

Quennhauticbudi "mothai"

Sung ban chua quen

Quan su muai bai

Long van cuoi vui

khdng chien

Lot sat ducmg tdu

Ren them dao kiem

Ao vdi

chdn khdng

Di lung gigc ddnh

s, ; ,, „ Ba nam roi gici Iqi que huang

Mdileugianh Tieng mo dim tru&ng Ludng cay ddt do

It nhieu ngu&i voire Mdn chdn ben coi ggo canh khuya

Chung toi di Ndng mua s&n mep ba Id Thdng nam ban cung thon xom Nghi Igi lung dec

: , u - i- dgf yiang

' Ki ho lung nhau ngang ba cdt trdng

Quo chdn tim hoi dm dim mua

- Dang no va chua?

- Dang n&?

-T& cdn cho doc lap!

Cdlu cu&i vang bin ruong bap Nhin o thon nit cuoi nucmg ddu

Chung toi di mang cuoc dm luu dong Qua nhieu noi khong nha hit tin Idng

Dd nghi Igi rat nhieu nhd ddn chiing Toi nha ba tre gio long

Lang xudi xom nguac mdi rg nhu nhau

Co ndng chieu dot kich mdy hang cau

Co tieng gd gdy xom

Co "khai hoi, yeu cdu, chat van!"

Co me hien bat ran cho nhimg dua con xa

Trdng tin tap hap hat om nhd

1948 (Hong Nguyen)

Cau 1 Doan tha tren dugc viet theo the tha nao? Tac dung ciia viec sii dung the tha

do la gi?

Cau 2 N o i dung chinh ciia doan tha tren 1^ gi? i

u 3 Tron

g 1

1 ca

u th

a dau , hin

h

dugc

tac

gia gioi thie

coi ggo canh khuya

- Dang n& vg

chua ?

Ddngna?

T&

con cha doc lap

Ca

u 6 Tron

d&i lim dong" de

o y kien cho rang: Qu

V

i sao

?

Van ban 8:

C HI M LaON T RA

M VO NG

^ '

Tdm hon toi khi

To quoc soi vao

Thdy ngdn nui tram song

diem le

Con ngoc trai dim

he day

be

Uong thuy trieu bong

sang hat chau

Chim dang bay dimg

cdnh giua ngdy dau

Toi vdng den ben minh

To quoc

Nhung moi ngdy tim

toi van moc

Theo vdng duang tren

ddt nu&c

ma mdu

Toi trdr lai giita

rimg sdu Viet Bdc

Chim bdt-co cri! Dau

cho Bdc ngoi?

Day CO

phdi vuan tang gia

cua Bdc?

Moi tdc rimg deu

c6 dnh duomg soi

v !;^.i

v jt^uh

ayi'-\ 'b 'J 1 ni'J

NXB Van hoc, 1960

Toi den truac doi Dien Bien rue lua

Co mua xuan che lap cho anh nam Ddt To quoc quy timg ddng mdu do Hit mot mua chien dich, lai thdnh xuan

Toi den cd nhimg viing xua chdng den May trad Mien trai Viet noi bien thuy - ' Rimg thot not u doan quan tinh nguyin

Me gia Mien gidu le tien con di

Day bat ngdt Tru&ng Son nam a giica Hai chi em Lao - Viet hai ben Rimg tuod mat nhu me hien Idm sita Nghin chien khu timg nuong bong me hien

Mien Nam oi! Nira vat do mua ddm Moi chien cong hay timg giot le Deu xod dan niii each song ngdn

(Chi Lan Vien)

Cau 1 Nhung thong tin sau ve bai tha Chim lucm tram vdng va doan tha tren dung

hay sai? Danh dau X vao 6 thich hop

1 Bai tho viet theo the tha that ngon

2 Nhan vat tru tinh trong bai tha la nhan vat "toi"

3 Doan tha su dung nhieu hinh anh an du

4 Doan tha dugc viet theo phuang thuc bieu dat chinh la tu su

Cau 2 Trong kho tha thu nhat, tac gia da sir dung nhung bien phap tu tu nao?

Hay neu tac dung cua mot trong nhung phep tu tu ay

Cau 3 Kh6 tha thu hai cho thiy tinh cam gi cua tac gia vai T6 qu6c?

Cau 4 Tir kho 3 den kho 7, tac gia nhSc din ai va nhung dia danh nao? "Den",

"tra lai", "ve" vai con nguai va nhirng dja danh do, nha tha the hien tinh cam gi?

Cau 5 Doan tha the hien tinh cam gi cua Che Lan Vien vdi To quoc, vai nhan dan?

Van b^n 9: NO

I CUN

G ANH

^

Em biet day Id dieu

dd cu

Chuyen tinh yeu, quan trong

gi ddu:

Su gdn

bo giita hai nguai

xa la

Not vui buon dem

san se cung nhau

Em ddu dam nghi

la vinh vien

Hom nay yeu, mat

c6 the

xa roi

Niem dau don tuomg

nhu vd tan

Bong CO

ngdy thay the mot

niem vui

Dieu hom nay ta

noi, ngdy mat

Nguai khdc lai noi

lad yeu thua tncac

Dai song chdng vo

cung, em biet

Cdu tha ddu con

mdi ngdy sau

Chang CO

gi quan trong lam

ddu

Nhu khong khi nhu

mdu xanh

Id cd

Nhieu den mice tuang

nhu chdng

cd

Truac cuoc dcri rong

Ian menh mang

Nhung lilc ndy anh

a ben

em

Niem vui suang trong

ta Id

cd that

Nhu chiec

do tren tuang nhu

trang sdch

Nhu chum hoa na

cdnh truac Men nhd

Em hieu rang moi

liic di

xa

Tinh anh doi vai

em Id

xu sa i,- -.n-

i UK^-G n

Ld bong rap tren

con duang ndng lua

Trdi cdy tham tren

mien ddt kho can

Day tinh yeu, em

mudn noi cung anh:

Nguon goc ciia mudn

ngdn khdt vong

Long tot

de duy tri su song ,

Cho con nguori thuc

su Nguai hem

(Xuan Quynh )

Din the o

Xuan Quynh

- Khong bao gia

la cuoi,

NXB Ho

i Nh

^ van , 2013

34

Cau 1. Hay neu chu de cua bai tho ' ' ; :

Cau 2 Theo Xuan Quynh, tinh yeu bat nguon tir dau?

Cau 3 0 kho tha thii hai va thu ba, nhan vat " e m " muon " n o i voi anh" dieu gi? Cau 4 Anh/chi hieu noi dung kho tha thu t u nhu the n^o? " • •' Cau 5 Cam nhan cua nha tha ve tinh yeu, hanh phiic dugc the hien nhu thS n^o

trong kho tha thii nam va t h u sau?

Cau 6 Trong kho tha cu6i, Xuan Quynh neu len quan niem ciia minh ve tinh yeu

Anh/chi h i l u quan niem iy nhu the nao? Anh/chi c6 dong tinh v d i quan niem do hay

khong? V i sao?

Van bSn 10: NOaCl LAI DO SONG DA^

Song Da khai sink a huyen Cdnh Dong tinh Van Nam, lay ten Id Ly Tien (theo

Dif dia chi cua Nguyen Trdi thi ten Trung Quoc cua Song Da lai la Bd Bien Giang) md di

qua mot viing nui dc, roi den gdn nica ducmg thi xin nhdp quoc tick Viet Nam, truang thdnh mdi len va den ngd ba Trung Ha thi chan hod vdo Song Hong Tir bien giai Trung Viet tai ngd ba Trung Hd Id 500 cay so luan rong ran, vd tinh todn than Song Da thi chieu ddi Id 883 nghin thuac met chdy qua hai nuac Viet Nam, Trung Quoc

Thai cu, ten con Song Dd lai duac dung Idm ten dao ten 16 Trong so 15 16 hdnh chinh thai Trdn, c6 Dd Giang 16 g6m nhimg ddt dai tinh tir tinh Hung Hod nguac len

Vd nguai xua ciing dd tha thiet voi Song Dd Chdnh sir son phong don Hung Hod Nguyen Quang Bich, mot nhd tha di qu6c thai do, chong Phdp vd mat a Tdy Bdc dd dem Song Dd vdo mot bdi tha hoa lai tha Ton Thdt Thuyet:

" Ldng trung khong na bo Tdy Chdu Giir lay Thao, Dd ddi thuang lim "

(Nguyen Tuan)

C a u 1 Doan trich tren c6 su ket hop giiia nhung phuang thiic bieu dat nao? Tac

dung cua su ket hop do la gi?

Cau 2 Noi dung chinh ctia doan trich tren la gi? " ' ' Cau 3 Anh/chi thi'ch nhSt cau van/hinh anh/tir ngu nao trong doan trich tren? V i sao?

C a u 4 Doan trich cho thSy di€u gi trong phong each nghe thuat cua Nguyen Tuan?

' D i n theo TuySn tap Nguyin Tuan, tap hai, NXB Van hoc, 1998

Van b^

n 11 : S L/T

HI BU

ON

Sirong mil

la mot net phong

van rieng cua song

Huong, xudt Men khoang

cuoi nam ghe Igi nhieu khi Ignh; ciing dem trdng vd nhitng cuoi chieu tinh ma, ha, vdo den ddu bdt dong song trong suang; hu do pho xua dai thdnh Nhieu thdng Idng du. mot gd nga nhir

mit mung troi trong

com me ddi, chi

con nhitng dnh lira

thuyen chat lay dong

y thuc

giita la ma thuyen chi trong khoang vai nhau noi chuyen ta ngoi mong Nguai vd coi coi thuc

nhin thdy mat nhau

qua man suang, trong

khi ben ngodi nhitng

net cong mem ciia

cdu de trui cay bo cay bang, vd nhitng hodng thdnh non cua Idu doi nhitng mdi Truang Tien,

hit la hai ben song deu

nhgt nhoa

di thdnh nhitng net

xudt than tren mot

bite tranh

lua vdn giit cic nhu sSng, ho ddi, nhin ddi loi do trdng phdi thay ngodi vai xa hogc di ra Dii di sinh ra. Hue thuang suang mu thieu nit nguai tir nay, nhitng CO Miia nhitng ddng

mdi mdu

do dy nhu ki niem cua

tinh yeu trinh bgch,

vd nhitng thdng ndm

dm y mong ddy trong sdu thdm c6 do hon mot vai linh quay Igi dua Hue mil dd thdng suang troi Nhitng

thai gian;

vd dii qua bao

nhieu thdnh pho tren

the gioi, nguai ta

Van ba

n 12 : H JO NG L AN

G

(1) Lang toi la

mot Idng ngheo nen

chdng nhd ndo thira

dat de trong hoa

md ngdm ddt que. thuoc cua huang quen nhitng Idn ludn thdy Idng, toi di trong Tuy vdy,

Do Id chat mac chdn thom moc ?ihitng mui

(2) Chieu chieu hoa

thien li cit thodng nhe ddu

day, loc qua khong

khi roi bay nhe Thdng tdm, Ig limg. cue thom tu hoa ba, thdng di Thdng Igi bay thodng cdi den, roi

thdng chin hoa ngau

cit nong nan nhitng

vien tritng cua ti tea,

dn sau tdng Id

xanh ram dy Idn huang dugc nhitng duac, ndm the sa nhu c6 rgp Tuang

(3) Ngdy mua, mui

tham tic dong thom vdo,

tham tren du&ng Idng,

thom ngodi sdn huang tham huang liia, huang com, do Id cdc ngd, thom tren hap tac, dinh, sdn

rg

36

cu muon cdng long nguc ra ma hit tha den no ne, giong nhu huong thorn tir not com gao m&i, me bdc ra va got cd nhd ngoi vdo quanh mam

(4) Miia xudn, ngdt mot cdi Id chanh, Id budi, mot Id xuong song, mot chiec Id lot, mot nhdnh huang nhu, nhdnh bac ha hai toy minh nhu cUng da bien thdnh Id, duom miii thorn mdi khong thoi

(5) Nu&c hoa u? Nu&c hoa chi la mot thic hang hdc gid tao, lam sao bang dupe miii ram rq trong ndng, miii hoa buai trong sucmg, mid hoa ngdu trong chieu, miii hoa sen trong gid

(6) Huang Idng ai, cic thorn mdi nhe!

- • (Theo Bang Son)

Cau 1 Tinh cam chii dao ciia ngudi viet trong van ban tren 1^ gi?

Cau 2 Neu noi dung chfnh ciia cac doan (2), (3), (4) trong van ban tren

Cau 3 Theo anh/chi, tac gia muon noi gi qua cau: "Huang Idng ai, cir thorn mdi nhe!" ?

Cau 4 Anh/chi c6 dong tinh voi quan diem sau cua tac gia hay khong? V i sao?

"Nuac hoa u? Nu&c hoa chi Id mot thic hang hdc gid tao, lam sao bdng duac mui rem rq trong ndng, mui hoa buai trong suang, mui hoa ngdu trong chieu, mui hoa sen trong gid "

Cau 5 An tugng sau sac nhSt ciia anh/chi klii doc van ban tren la gi? L i giai cu the

an tuong ay

Van ban 13: VQ CHONG A PHU^

Mi khong noi A Sir eung khong hoi them nira A Sir buac Iqi, nam Mi, lay that lung troi hai toy Mi No xdch cd mot thiing spi day ra troi dimg Mi vdo cot nhd Toe Mi xod xuong, A Sir qudn ludn toe len cot, Idm cho Mi khong cui, khong nghieng ddu duac nira Troi xong va, A Sir that not cdi that lung xanh ra ngodi do roi A Sic tdt den, di ra, khep cira buong Iqi

' (ToHoai)

Cau 1 Doan van tren c6 sir ket hop giiia cac phuong thuc bieu dat n^o?

Cau 2 Noi dung chu yeu cua doan van la gi? = ' — J

Cau 3 Trong doan van tren, To Hoai sir dung nhieu cau ngan ket hop vdri cac cau dM

CO nhieu ve ngSn, nhip dieu nhanh Tac dung cua each viet nay la gi?

Cau 4 Doan van tren khien anh/chi lien tuong den hien tugng nao trong cuoc song?

Neu ngSn ggn nhirng hi^u biet ciia anh/chi ve thuc trang ciia hien tugng do va dua ra mot giai phap m^ anh/chi cho la hgp li nhit de giai quyet

' Din theo Ngic van 12 Nang cao, Tap hai, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, 2012

Van b^n 14: NE

P NHA

^

Mua xudn & Ha

Noi bao gia cung

dep V&i toi da

nhieu nam khong dugc

song a

Ha Noi vdo mua

xudn Igi cdng thdy

dep Mot chut lanh

trong hoi gio tat

qua mat.

Mot

chiit mua bui bay

lay ray nhu cd

nhu khdng.

Tr&i hai toi, mat

duang hoi sdm nhung

nhung man sac tuai

tdn Dd

cd mid

son phdn

vd nu&c hoa bdt

chgt thodng qua d

mot gdc phd, trong

mot dam ddng Ndi

nhd di, cudri nhd

han, it nghe nhG-ng

cdu chid tuc, nhitng

tieng dem tuc Gidu

horn tru&c

nhieu, sang han truac

nhieu, cu cho Id

be ngodi thi cUng

vdn rdt ddng mimg.

Chi cd

nhd bd

cd tdi

la it thay ddi, hdu nhu

khdng thay doi Vdn

dap, loai

xe dap

cd tang tic nhiing

nam ndo.

Trdi ndng cdc em

di xe

mdy, trai mua di

xe dap, dor phdi

rica xe.

An mac cua bd

cu, cua cdc em

cUng chd

cd gi

sang han, nhu truac

day, ngdy truac vai

Ha Ndi

dd la sang, bay

gia la qud thuang.

Bay

gia con gdi Hd

Ndi mac qudn chen

den, got

xe, cd ddi budc

dual ban chdn, mac

mdng

to limg, hodc di

bit tat den ddi,

qudn cdc,

do vet triim qua

mdng Ddn dng ciing

dien

lam, do vet tdng

cdc kieu, that cd

vat dii mdu, gidy

den, cic nhu hg

tie cdc dgi sdnh

budc

ra Khdng phdi ddu,

chi Id qudn do

thuang ngdy thdi, cUng

gidng nhu tru&c kia

hg mac

do bdng xanh, qudn

ka ki vdng vd

di dep nhua Chua

bao gia tdi thdy nguai Hd

Ndi an

mac sang trgng nhu

bay gia.

Chua bao gia tdi

thdy pho

xd chdi lod nhitng

tu kinh,

nhiing bdng hieu vd

dnh sdng nhu bdy

gia Vay

md mot nhd gidu

cua Hd Ndi cd

du dieu

kien de thay ddi

Igi khdng chiu thay

ddi Mot dgi gia

dinh gdm hai con

trai, hai

con

ddu, mot gdi, mot

re vd nhiing dica

con cua

hg vdn sdng chung

dual mot mdi nhd,

an

chung mot bep an.

Thien hg thi chia

ra, bd

cu Igi gom vdo.

Vdn rdt

em thdm mai la

chic

Nep nhd

dd thdng dugc tu

do cua

cd nhdn sao? Phdi

ndi them, cdi nep

nhd ndy

ciing it

ai theo kip Nguai

con ddu

cd vdn

la con gdi Hang

Bd, dd dgi hgc.

Id mot

cd gdi

kieu

hdnh, tu tin, khdng

de nhdn nhucmg Ai

cUng nghi hai nguai

dan bd, mot gid

mot tre,

ciing sac sao se

rdt khd chdp nhdn

nhau Vdy

md hg

an a vai nhau

dd mudd lam nam

chd cd dieu tieng

gi Nguai chi cua

cd con ddu den

ndi vdi

bd cd tdi: "Bdc chiu dugc

tinh nd thi con

ciing phuc that ddy

" Bd cdi chinh:

"Dimg la tdi cd

phdn phdi chiu nd

nhung nd ciing cd

phdn phdi chiu tdi,

mdi ben chiu mot

nica " Bd bdo, con

ddu Id

vdng

trdi cho, minh khdng

cd cdng

de ra

nd, ciing khdng nudi

nd an hgc ngdy

ndo, bdng

dung nd

ve nhdn minh Id

me, sinh con de

cdi cho ddng hg,

cdng ddng mgi viec

tic tre

den gid, khdng le

sdng nd thi thdi

con hognh hoe ndi

gi Bd chieu quy

vd tdn

trgng cdc

con ddu that long

nen cd hai ndng ddu deu

tdm su vai me chdng: "Con

a vai

me con

thodi mdi hem a

nhd vdi

me con " Con

re vd con gdi ducfc nhdn

nhd a mot khu

tap the,

nhd chat, Igi xa,

con cdn nhd Nhung

anh con

re khdng mudn nha

vd me

vg, tu

minh

ciing thdy khdng tien

md nguai ngodi nhin

vdo cdng khdng tien.

Bd Met the nen

bdo con

re: "Trong cdi nhd

cua tdi

cd mot phdng ddnh

cho va anh Cua

va anh ticc la

Khdi,

N XB Van hoa - Thong

tin, 2014

v

'

38

Cung nhu moi thu cua anh tire Id ciia va anh Chang le anh bao khong phdi" Nam ngodi khu pho c6 yen cdu bd cu bdo cdo ve nep song gia dinh cho hang pho hoc tap

Bd tic choi, khi toi Iqi thdm, bd noi rieng: "Cdi chuyen dy ai ciing biet cd, chi kho hoc thoi" Toi cuai: "Lai kho den the sao?" Bd cu noi: "Trong nhd nay, ba dai nay, khong mot ai biet toi cdu may, cdu tao Anh cd hoc duac khong?" A, the thi kho that Theo bd

cu, thai bay gia cd duac vdi tram cay vdng khong phdi Id kho, cUng khong phdi Id Idu,

nhung CO duac mot gia dinh hqnh phiic phdi mat vdi dai nguai, phdi duac gido due vdi

dai Hqnh phiic khong bao gia Id mon qua tqng bdt nga, khong the di tim, md ciing khong nen cdu xin No Id cdch song, mot quan niem song Id nip nhd, a trong tay minh, nhung nhdn duac ra no, cd y thicc vun trong no, Iqi hodn todn khong de

Dan theo Hat giong tarn Hon vd y nghia cuoc song, tap 5, N X B Tong hop TP H o Chi M i n h