Báo cáo khóa luận thực tập israel USING OF THE PREDATORY PHYTOSEIULUS PERSIMILIS TO MONITORING AND CONTROLLING FOR TWO SPOTTED SPIDER MITE ON CHERRY TOMATO, OFER ELAD FARM, KMEHIN

This research aims to effective of the use natural enemies from offering conclusions for the cherry tomato. The whole process of implementation reports from 102015 to 32016 at OFER’s farm. CHERY TOMATO are fruit vegetables very popular, in addition to some effects for good healthy, the cherry tomato is also considered as a fruit vegetable. So just how do farmers increase production without harm to users health. One of the solutions that is use natural enemy persimilis for cherry tomato helps to reduce the use of chemicals and provide sustainable yields.

USING OF THE PREDATORY PHYTOSEIULUS PERSIMILIS TO

MONITORING AND CONTROLLING

FOR TWO- SPOTTED SPIDER MITE

ON CHERRY TOMATO, OFER ELAD FARM, KMEHIN

Students:

NGUYEN MAU HOANG SANG

LE HAI DANG

FARMER : OFER

ADVISOR: AVNER LEVY

Ramat Negev international training center for advanced agriculture

Class 2 of 2015-2016

I ABSTRACT

 This research aims to effective of the use natural enemies from offering conclusions for the cherry tomato The whole process of implementation reports from 10/2015 to 3/2016 at OFER’s farm CHERY TOMATO are fruit vegetables very popular, in addition to some effects for good healthy, the cherry tomato is also considered as a fruit vegetable

 So just how do farmers increase production without harm to user's health One of the solutions that is use natural enemy persimilis for cherry tomato helps to reduce the use of chemicals and provide sustainable yields

 The use of natural enemies at different times to help farmers determine the extent and time of use of natural enemies to profitable results

 However, to provide the most effective measures, in addition to use of natural enemies should also incorporate other measures, such as exclusion, sanitation, etc And the limitations when working in the greenhouse to avoid damage and control insects and diseases better when using natural enemies

I ABSTRACT

II INTRODUCTION

 Currently In the field of agriculture, the user of

chemicals has caused serious consequences

affecting species and humans

Figure1: use chemicals in agriculture.

Why rely on chemical pesticides does not control crop pests?

 On Earth there are about 1 million insect

species, of which about 5 thousand types of herbivorous and only about 1% (about 500

insects) specializing in food crops and fruit trees Although the number of types not many but they are very voracious and eat very well, causing great harm to crops, vegetables, fruit trees (1)

Table 1: According to statistics, every

year insects caused in China

DAMAGE BY INSECTS (%) TOTAL(%)

Solution to this problem?

 Today, it is the application of integrated measures to deal with pests, including insects measures using insecticides and using insecticide germs and pay special attention to the protection of birds that feed on harmful insects In addition it also causes, breeding and importing all kinds of beneficial insects to kill pests Only then can prevent environmental pollution and effectively control the harmful insects So we are have made this topic “USING

OF THE PREDATORY PHYTOSEIULUS PERSIMILIS

TO MONITORING AND CONTROLLING

FOR TWO - SPOTTED SPIDER MITE

ON CHERRY TOMATO, IN OFER ELADFARM, KMEHIN”

II INTRODUCTION

CHERY TOMATO are fruit vegetables very popular

because of good quality and processing are a variety of

• Water Requirements of the tree during the same diet.

• Water Requirements of the tree during the same diet.

II INTRODUCTION

 When cherry tomato grown in greenhouses under attack by insects and disease can cause severe crop failure

 Example: spider mite cause damage by eat leaves cherry tomato and reduce yield So what can farmer to controling and mornitoring spider mite? How to manage effectiveness methods, good for environment and human?

 (IPM) Integrated pest management, also known as Integrated Pest Control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (EIL)

 The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation defines IPM as "the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks

to human health and the environment (3)

II INTRODUCTION

 Successful crop production requires that crop insects and diseases be managed so that the effects

of diseases and pests on the plants are minimized

 There are methods to control insects and pests are:

Exclusion keeping insects from entering the greenhouse, is a key part of greenhouse insect management Many common pests that attack greenhouse tomatoes are small flying or wind-borne creatures that can easily be sucked into the greenhouse through ventilation fans and cooling pads or can easily enter through other openings

II INTRODUCTION

III.Material and methods

Collect insects and diseases in

farm

Take pictures and catch insects

Experimental observation

methods Statistical methods

described (shape, lifespan,

characteristics)

Methods of data collection (from the internet ) and FAQs direct (farm

instructors) Conclude

Methods

CHART OF REPORT METHODOLOGY

Figure 3 : farm 1

Figure 4 : farm 3

Topic implemented form 3/2016 to 10/2015 at farm

1 & farm 3 In which farm 3 by the influence of

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus should take famer

less weeds in farm hygiene measures and when

used combination persimilis 1, the normal farm

also

Ways determine the number persimilis and spider:

 In each row of tomatoes and random grab 5 leaves in place evenly spaced in rows Then using human eye

to observe and count the insects move on white paper Repeat 3 times experiments in widely separated locations in the farm.Based on available data and then calculate the average of:

 i: The number of times experiments

 X: number persimilis or spider

 Y: area of leaf (cm2)



IV RESULT

Identification the spider mite on farm

• Spider mites is oval in shape They have eight legs,

except as a nymph

• About 1/20 inch long The colour varies from light

to dark green, but it can sometimes also be brown

or orange

• Spider mites live in colonies, mostly on the

undersurfaces of leaves, a single colony may contain hundreds of individuals

Identification the spider mite on farm

• The male is a little bit more mobile, smaller and more

slender than the oval female The female deposits round eggs of about 0.14 mm on the underside of the leaf

Figure 5: Adult female twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and her eggs Photograph by James

F Price, University of Florida

Figure 6: life cycle of spider mite

 optimal conditions 27 °C

 hatch in 3 days

 sexually mature in 5 days

 A single mature female can spawn a population

of a million mites in a month

 live for 2 to 4 weeks

 Greater pesticides adaptation

 These begin feeding on leaf tissue and soon molt into eight-legged nymphs The nymphs then develop into sexually mature adults

Life cycle of spider mite:

Chart 1: duration of a development cycle of spider mite

Damage on cherry tomato:

 Mites cause damage by sucking cell contents from

leaves At first, the damage show up as a stippling of

light dots on the leaves; sometimes the leaves take on a

bronze color

 As feeding continues, the leaves turn yellowish or

reddis and drop off

=> Loss of leaves can have a significant impact on yield

and lead to sun burning

Figure 7 leaves infected by

spider mite causes.

How to monitoring spider mite on farm?

 Usually notice plant damage such as stippled

or yellow leaves before you spot the mites

themselves

 Check the undersides of leaves for mites, their

eggs and webbing

 Sometimes the mites will be gone by the time

you notice the damage; plants will often

recover after mites have left

 Confirm the presence of spider mites

Spider mites are so small, they can be very difficult to see

However, one method you can use to confirm their presence is to take a sheet of white paper, place it beneath the plant you suspect

to be infested and lightly shake the stem of one of the leaves

Figure 8: use white paper to identify the spider mite.

Description of Phytoseiulus persimilis:

 Persimilis is a tropical predatory mite that was one of the first greenhouse biological control agents available commercially

• Eggs are oval and <1/50 inch (0.3 mm) long, oval shaped; pale translucent yellowish pink color; deposited near spider mite populations and about 3 times larger than spider mite eggs

• Larvae are inactive, a pale salmon color and have 6 legs (4)

Figure 9:

phytoseiulus persimilis

• There are two nymph stages; both are a pale salmon color, have 8 legs, and are very active predators

• Adults are bright reddish orange, with long legs and pear-shaped bodies, 1/50 inch (0.5 mm) long

 Both adult and immature predators move rapidly over the leaves and both feed on two-spotted mite eggs, nymphs, and adults Unlike its prey, Persimilis does not spin webbing

Description of Phytoseiulus persimilis:

Use persimilis in Biological Control:

• Optimum conditions are (20-27°C) and relative humidity over 60%

• At temperatures of (18-27°C), the predators reproduce faster than spider mites At warmer or cooler temperatures, however, the spider mites reproduce faster

• At temperatures warmer than 30ºC, the growth rate does not keep up with the spider mite growth rate because the eggs dry out

• At 20°C Persimilis breeds twice as fast as spider mites

Persimilis affect to spider mite:

 an adult Persimilis

can eat:

spider mites for cherry tomato.

Process of release persimilis:

1 Storage temperature 10-15 o C

2.persimilis

3 Release persimilis on leaves cherry tomato in farm 3

 Persimilis needs relative humidity greater than 60% to survive, particularly in the egg stage In low humidity conditions, raise the humidity by lightly misting plants or wetting walkways.

maintained, the predator Feltiella acarisuga can also be used with Persimilis.

persimilis 1bottle/ 15 line none none none none 1bottle/20 line

Farm 3

persimilis 2 4 3 2 2 1 Spider mite 6 5 4 3 3 5 Release

persimilis

1bottle/

10 line none none none none none

Table 2: compare number of mites per 5cm 2 leaves cherry tomato in farm 1 with farm 3.

 According to the survey process and record the actual

results used persimilis to control spider mite is shown

in the table below Temperatures in the farm were

recorded during the survey

V DISCUSSION

 Based on the survey results are shown in Table 1 can be seen that the number of spider mite damage in farm 1 though 3 more farms use persimilis farm owners are the same The difference between the two farms is due to:

 Farm 1 was better sanitation (weed control, less dirt on the leaves)

=> good sanitation practices are a key to avoiding infestations

figure 10: remove pruned leaves in farm The photo take at 7:36 am 10/1/2016.

V DISCUSSION

November to February because the temperature

is quite cold in these month (8 -25 ° C) so the spider mite quantitative growth slowed

=> Saving production costs

adding small quantities persimilis to control

spider before new season Farm 3 didn’t

complementary persimilis due to going to

destroy tomatoes and yields less

 Always control broadleaf weeds around the

outside of the house, and do not let weeds grow inside the house

 Although they are wingless, mites can easily spread throughout the house on workers

performing normal maintenance operations,

such as pruning or harvesting

 Mites can also be brought into the greenhouse

on the clothing of workers or on plants that are brought into the greenhouse

=> Should be raise awareness of workers in

synthetic pest control

V DISCUSSION:

VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

 We wish to thank express my deepest appreciation to all those who provides us the information to complete this report A special gratitude we give to this article scientific for us writing this report Furthermore Many thanks go to the head of the article scientific, Mr AVNER LEVY whose have improved it more better The last I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the farmer Mr Offer and the translator of THUY HANG, who gave the necessary information, suggestions to complete the report

VII REFERENCES

 Capinera JL, Nesheim ON (1992) Soaps and detergents for

arthropod control Pest Alert

 Dr David Ingram 1914 Associate Extension/ Research

Professor, Plant Pathology, Central Mississippi Research &

 (4)http://www.biocontrol.entomology.cornell.edu/predators/

Phytoseiulus.php