Vietnam is one of countries covered lagerly by shrimp farming. In 2013, total seafood production of Vietnam gets 6.5 billion USD, 3 billion USD, accounting to 46% of total export (VIR, 2013; VASEP, 2013). So shrimp farming production is very important to socioeconnomic of Vietnam in general. Moreover in Thai Thuy district, Thai binh province, shrimp farming and local people life has interrelationship in each other. in 2015, shrimp farming production archived 37.000 tons, more than 348 billion VND, increased 15% with 2014 ( VASEP,2013).
Trang 1VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY
FOREST RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FACULTY
=========================
FIEDWORK REPORT
INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT
Integrated Mangrove Ecosystem-based Management in Thai
Thuy district, Thai Binh province
NAME: Nguyen Huu Dung ID: 1353091031 Class: L01
Instructors: Dr Hai Hoa Nguyen
BA Dang Hoang Vuong (Field Assistance)
MA Le Phu Tuan (Field Assistance)
Trang 21 INTRODUCTION
Vietnam is one of countries covered lagerly by shrimp- farming In 2013, total seafood production of Vietnam gets 6.5 billion USD, 3 billion USD, accounting
to 46% of total export (VIR, 2013; VASEP, 2013) So shrimp farming production is very important to socio-econnomic of Vietnam in general Moreover in Thai Thuy district, Thai binh province, shrimp farming and local people life has inter-relationship in each other in 2015, shrimp farming production archived 37.000 tons, more than 348 billion VND, increased 15%
with 2014 ( VASEP,2013)
However, some big challenges in shrimp farm that fishery have faced The risks
of shrimp farming proceed from diseases and natural disaters And we can not deny effectives from the shrimp farming impacts on mangrove forests and from monoculture We can not deny roles of shrimp farming to local's livelihoods Howerver, we did not be clearly known about roles of mangrove forests which protected local people and developed their livelihoods An addition, local people gets many benifits from mangroves which related to some environmental matters With more than 1552.3 hectares area, and 27 km coastal bank, Thai Thuy district was rich in mangrove forest cover In a mangroves ecosytem has rich seafood such as shrimp, crab, fish, mussels, clams Not only that, it is habitat for over 200 aquatic species Mangrove forests are extremely important coastal resources, also socio‐economic development A vast majority
of human population in coastal area, and most communities depend on local resources for their livelihoods The mangroves are sources of highly valued commercial products and fishery resources and also as sites for eco‐tourism
development with beaches and foods-tourism, etc
Trang 32 STUDY GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND METHODS
2.1 Study goal
The report aims to evaluate the local people behaviour on mangrove forests, local people’s livelihoods and their inter-relationship in Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province
2.2 Survey objectives
- Collecting data on natural conditions, socio-economic characteristics of local households
- Analyze roles of mangrove forests with local people life and effects of shrimp farming to mangroves and local people’s livelihoods in Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province
- To propose some solutions to reduce effects from shrimp farming to mangrove forests
2.3 Survey contents
- Collecting checked point by GPS on field.
- Semi-structured data on local people, fisheries, officers
2.4 Methodology
2.4.1 Study site selection
Thai Do, Thai Thuong and Thuy Hai commune which located in the buffer zone
of local mangrove forests are selected as the study site
The reasons to choice these areas are relied on :
- Concentrated a lot of shrimp fish, and other mollusks
- With total area of mangroves is more than 600 ha, the wetland accounted almost areas wwith larger of shrimp farming ponds and total shrimp farm producions
- In these commune, local people focus on inshore fishing But they applied
to use some advanced and model shrimp farm and exploitation
techniques
2.4.2 Collecting data and information
Trang 4- Secondary data : the information about maps and information related from instructor on Arc GIS
- Primary data :
The semi-structured objects are fisheries, local people in 3 communes : Thai
Do, Thai Thuong and Thuy Hai in Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province These interviews make an overview the situation in househoods and their knowlegde about mangroves protection
Much of time were used to semi-structured local government staff, local people and fisheries in 3 communes It concentrated to the structure of labors, with 70% of people who are labors in aquaculture, 10% in agriculture, 18%
in industry and about 1 % is free labours 1% is other Other problem to
develop shrimp farming is total income and output Beside tht, the authority also suported information about the trending of labours, aquaculture
activities, and mangroves protection For this method, we came to 3
communes to interviewed that support all documents
With a GPS, we checked points and recorded from fieldtrip in mangrove, bare soils, water body, shrimp farming, population, and traffic roads
suppoted to primary databases from instructors
Table 2.1 Number of local people in activties related o mangroves
Activities related to mangroves Number of
people Shrimp farm
Collecting fuel wood Collecting seafood Grazing Table 2.2 Semi-structured on understanding of local people about
mangroves
Trang 5Understanding about the role of
mangroves Number of idea Wave defensing
Food, fuel wood Sea food increasing
No role Table 2.3 Involvement in mangrove management
Involvement in mangrove
management
Number of people Planting mangoves
Propagandized about the role and responsibility to protect
mangroves Co-management
- Data analysis
Data from semi-structured and questionnaires were analyzed by using
Microsoft Office software- Excel tool
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Natural conditions
Geography
Area: 256.83 km²
Thai Thuy is located in the northeastern part of Thai Binh Province, in the east
by the East Sea , in the South and South East by Tien Hai District, in the South West by Kien Xuong District, in the West by Thai Hung District , in the West
By Quynh Phu district To the north, Thai Thuy bordered with districts of Hai Phong city are: Vinh Bao district on the north ( Hoa river ), Tien Lang district
on the northeast ( Thai Binh section of Thai river) Binh ) Phia Nam district has Tra Ly river flowing along the boundary with Tien Hai district, pouring into Tra
Ly In the middle of the district there is the Yen river flowing in the direction of West-East, pouring into the mouth of the household , dividing the district into two halves roughly equivalent in size
Trang 6Thai Thuy is a coastal district of Thai Binh Province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam thai covers an area of 257 km2 This district has population of 256,012 in 2003 The centre of district lies at Diem Dien Thai Thuy wetland is one of the key wetland sites in the Red River Delta and it Thai Thuy district has 16 km of coastline and is bordered by the Tra Ly river to the south and Thai Binh river to the north
Climate
Thai Thuy climate is characteristic of the tropical climate in the north, affected
by the monsoon Average temperature in the year from 22 - 24c; Average
humidity 86-87%; Average rainfall is 1,788 mm / year
Thai Thuy has 1,552.3 ha of mangroves, which are concentrated in coastal communes, have great effects in the protection of sea dykes, regulate climate and have great value in environmental landscape, Coastal water, alcoholic black tens of hectares is a place to develop marine tourism
With the 27th coastline and tens of thousands of square kilometers of territorial sea, there are 3 large rivers annually pouring into the sea a large amount of silt, Thai Thuy waters have a rich marine potential According to data from the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries 1, there are at least 46 species of high economic value in the Thai Thuy seaboard, 10 species of shrimp, 5 species of squid, etc
Terrain
Coastal plains Song Hoa , Yen Dam , Tra Ly River flows through; There are Thai Binh Gate, Diem Ho Gate, Tra Ly Gate
Thai Thuy is located in the deltas deltas of the two big rivers, Thai Binh and Tra
Ly, which have a tendency to rise towards the sea with 27 km of coastline, The main rivers are Hoa, Song Diem Ho and Tra Ly The Hoa River flows through the northern part of the district, which is the natural border between Thai Thuy District and Vinh Bao District - Hai Phong to the sea Song Diem Ho flows from west to east divide the district into two zones: North and South, pouring into the sea at Diem Dien Tra Ly River is a tributary of the Red River, runs through the southern part of the district, delimits the boundaries between Thai Thuy district and Tien Hai and Kien Xuong districts, and discharges into the sea at Tra Ly
3.2 Socioeconomic conditions
- Population: 267,012 (2009)
- Population density: 1,040 people / km²
Harvested Wild Goods
Trang 7One of the major industries in Thai Thuy is fishing and local people depend on fish from the wetland and the surrounding marine area Shellfish are also
harvested from the mudflat area of the wetland
Cultivated Goods
Shrimps, fish and also seaweed are cultivated in ponds Clams are cultivated and harvested in the mudflat area Salt is produced by using the sea water but
recently the number of people engaged in this activity has reduced due to the difficulty to continue on a commercial basis A small amount of bee honey is also collected by breeding bees in the mangrove for family use
Eco-tourism
Eco-tourism such as bird watching and walking in the mudflat has not been developed at Thai Thuy but there is potential to attract tourists Well managed eco-tourism can provide benefits not only for tourists, but also for local people
as an income source
4.1 Checked point by GPS on field.
1 20'34.186 106'35.141 Shrimp farm
2 20'34.112 106'35.096 Shrimp farm
3 20'34.160 106'35.075 Resident
4 20'34.158 106'35.004 Resident
5 20'52.209 106'57.782 Bareland
6 20'52.213 106'57.870 Mangroves
7 20'52.214 106'57.956 Mangroves
8 20'52.224 106'58.043 Bareland
9 20'52.222 106'58.156 Water body
10 20'52.203 106'58.235 Mangroves
11 20'52.217 106'58.295 Water body
12 20'52.221 106'58.407 Water body
Trang 813 20'52.132 106'59.090 Scallop farm
14 20'52.221 106'58.868 New mangroveplantation
15 20'31.306 106'34.630 Mangroves
16 20'31.297 106'34.567 Resident
17 20'32.001 106'34.352 Shrimp farm
Trang 9Table 3.1 Number of local people in activties related o mangroves
Activities related to mangroves Number ofpeople householdsPoor householdsNon-poor
Collecting fuel wood 1 1 0
Criteria for poor hoseholds : income less than 200,000 VND/ month Randoon in 22 households , totally with 11 housseholds with shrimp farming activities no more poor households in this activities, 5 households is fisheries has no households is poor, 5 family with feed animals with one household is
poor And collecting fuel wood is all of 1 household
Table 3.2 Interview on understanding of local people about mangroves
Understanding about the role of
mangroves Number of idea Wave defensing 19
Food, fuel wood 7 Sea food increasing 4
All of people interviewed was known about roles of mangroves More specific with wave defensing is 19 people, food or fuel : 7 people, sea foods is 4 people And especially that no one said that no roles
Table 3.3 Involvement in mangrove management Involvement in mangrove
management
Number of people Planting mangoves 7 Propagandized about the role
and responsibility to protect
mangroves
17 Co-management 0
About involvement in mangrove management with totally 24 people, 7 people replantin, 17 people propagandized about the role and
responsibility to protect mangroves and no one in co-management
Trang 104.1 Household Semi-structured table
NO Name Job Age Address Gender Income
1 Nguyen
Van Thanh
Seafood aquaculture
55 years old Thai Do
commune
Male 100
millions/yea r
2 Nguyen
Chung
Hieu
Seafood aquaculture
45 years old
Male 20 millions/
year
3 Pham Thi
Lan
Collecting Woods
56 years old
Thai Thuong Commune
Female 2
millions/yea r
4 Tran Thi
Lan
Shrimp Nursery
29 years old
Female 40 millions/
year
5 Ly Thi Ha Seafood
aquaculture
39 years old
Female 30 millions/
year
6 Hoang The
Ngo
Shrimp aquaculture
44 years old
Male 50 millions/
year
7 Nguuyen
Thi Van
Shrimp aquaculture
42 years old
Thai Thuy commune
Female 40 millions/
year
8 Le Thi Tu Shrimp
nursery
39 years old
Female 50
milions/year
9 Nguyen
Thi Ha
Shrimp aquaculture
26 years old
Female 60 millions/
year
10 Bui Van
Thang
Shrimp aquaculture
38 years old
Male 50-70
millions/yea r
11 Nguyen
Thi Thao
Feeding Animal
29 years old
Female 2
millions/yea r
3.1 Discussion
Trang 113.1.1 Effects of shrimp farming on mangrove forests and local
livelihoods
By semi-structured interview, the local people’s livelihoods in the buffer region, specifically in 3 communes Thai Do, Thai Thuong, and Thai Thuy has been shown the quantities of mangroves was declined although local people replanted every year In local people’s opinion, they think that mangrove declined by waves and monsoon activities with a higher level It make forest replanted loss
In addition, shrimp farming also impacts on mangroves but not much because almost of people known that mangroves protected their living much more than anything Because shrimp farming and extracted seafood was main jobs for hundred years So for a sustainable way to live that protect mangroves
Lastly, I think that local need to known more about government’s polices Because almost of local people did not clearly about policy which they need to follow for a true way sustainable
3.1.2 Solutions
- The livelihood sources of the household is very benefit to develop economy The research from two communes in Thai Thuy district shows that: a long coastal is favorable for aquaculture development and shrimp farming
- The extensive model is the most popular system of shrimp farming On the other hand, the shrimp-industrial method is gained more profit than other, meaning have a lot of investments and challenges of natural disaster
- Other problem is that commercial fisheries have difficulty to sell products instability, often being forced by trades
- The solutions and government policy should therefore focus on resolving the relationship between the conservation and protection of mangroves and improving livelihood of local people
Trang 124 GENERAL CONCLUSSION AND FURTHER STUDY
4.1.Conclusion.
- The livelihood sources of the household is very benefit to develop economy The research from two communes in Thai Thuy district shows that: a long coastal is favorable for aquaculture development and shrimp farming
- The extensive model is the most popular system of shrimp farming On the other hand, the shrimp-industrial method is gained more profit than other,
meaning have a lot of investments and challenges of natural disaster
- Other problem is that commercial fisheries have difficulty to sell products instability, often being forced by trades
- The solutions and government policy should therefore focus on resolving the relationship between the conservation and protection of mangroves and
improving livelihood of local people
- Report’s limitation is without detailed data for mangroves loss, aquatic life,
another issues such as water pollution, environment pollution cause by time limited of field trip
4.2 Further study
From the limitation of report some research further can be applied some
information about local people life, their livelihoods, and also trending of job in future Another authors can be released that some solutions for further models to resolve those issues which Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province such as water pollution, effects of fishing ishore,etc