Bài giản của thầy Lê Trung Thực cung cấp cho các bạn các phương pháp gia công tối ưu nhất và cách tính toán , tra cứu kỹ thuật , hướng dẫn cáo nguyên công Bài giản gồm 21 phần mỗi phần hướng dẫn cho người học một cái nhìn rõ ràng hơn về gia công trong cơ khí.Việc học CNC không khó bạn có thể tự học thông quá các tài liệu hương dẫn sử dụng máy CNC. Nếu bạn không có nhiều thời gian thì có thể tham gia các khóa học lập trình và vẫn hành máy CNC. Nhưng vấn đề của môn CNC là bạn cần phải thực hành nhiều thi mới có thê thành thạo được.....
Trang 1Lesson One:
Machine Configurations
Turning Center
Programming And Operation
Copyright 2002, CNC Concepts, Inc.
Trang 22Key Concept
Number One
CYCLE FEED HOLD EDIT AUTO MDI JOG HANDLE ZERO RETURN
10%
25% 50%
100%
RAPID OVERRIDE
1 12
TURRET INDEX
2 3 5 7
9 10 11
SLOW FAST
EMERGENCY STOP
FANUC 10T
POWER ON OFF
E ? @ @ , [ ] ( ) * PAGE CURSOR
RESET START CALC INPUT NC/PC AUX
X00.0000 Z00.0000
X Z X1 X10 X100 0
ON OFF DRY SINGLE BLOCK MACHINE LOCK OPTIONAL STOP DELETE BLOCK
X+
Z-
X-JOYSTICK
Z+
ON OFF SPINDLE
OFF ON MEMORY PROTECT
CHUCK TAILSTOCK
Key concept #1From programmer’s viewpoint
You must understand the machine you’ll be working with!
From operator’s viewpoint
Key concept #7
In key concept #1 we look at the
machine from a programmer’s viewpoint
In key concept #7 we look at the machine from an operator’s viewpoint
Trang 33Key Concept
Number One
You must understand the machine you’ll be working with!
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
Seven Lessons
Trang 44Key Concept
Number One
You must understand the machine you’ll be working with!
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
Seven Lessons
Trang 55Key Concept
Number One
You must understand the machine you’ll be working with!
Machine configurations
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
Seven Lessons
Trang 66Key Concept
Number One
You must understand the machine you’ll be working with!
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
Seven Lessons
Trang 77Key Concept
Number One
You must understand the machine you’ll be working with!
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
Seven Lessons
Trang 88Key Concept
Number One
You must understand the machine you’ll be working with!
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Determining program zero assignment values
Three ways to assign program zero
Seven Lessons
Trang 99Key Concept
Number One
You must understand the machine you’ll be working with!
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Three ways to assign program zero
Seven Lessons
Trang 1010Key Concept
Number One
You must understand the machine you’ll be working with!
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Seven Lessons
Trang 1111Key Concept
Number One
You must understand the machine you’ll be working with!
Machine configurations
Understanding turning center feeds and speeds
General flow of CNC Usage
Visualizing the execution of a CNC program
Understanding program zero
Determining program zero assignment values
Seven Lessons
Trang 12Lesson Number One:
Machine Configurations
Trang 13Lesson One Lesson Plan
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single/twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Trang 14Lesson One Lesson Plan
Basic machining practice
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single/twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Trang 15Lesson One Lesson Plan
Machine configurations
Trang 16Lesson One Lesson Plan
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single/twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Programmable functions
Trang 17Lesson One Lesson Plan
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single/twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
1 1
Trang 18Presentation linksKey concept #1
Basic machining practice
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Trang 19Basic Machining Practice
The Key To Proper CNC
Machine Usage!
You must understand basic machining practice as it relates to turning centers
Trang 2020Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Machining operations
Rough turning/finish turning Rough boring/finish boring Drilling
Tapping Threading Grooving/necking Knurling
Like:
Trang 2121Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Machining operations
Processing
Development of the machining order
by which the workpiece is producedProcessing:
Trang 2222Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Machining operations
Processing
You must be able to determine spindle speed, feedrate, and depth of cut based upon cutting tool material workpiece
material, and rigidity of setup
Cutting conditions
Trang 2323Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Trang 2424Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Machining operations
Processing
You must understand all aspects of basic machining practice in order to write safe, workable CNC programs
Cutting conditions
Work-holding setups
Blueprint reading, dimensioning, etc.
Trang 2525Though basic machining practice is beyond
the scope of this course…
…you must understand:
Machining operations
Processing
You must understand all aspects of basic machining practice in order to write safe, workable CNC programs
Cutting conditions
Work-holding setups
Blueprint reading, dimensioning, etc.
If you feel weak in your basic machining practice skills…
See pages 1-1 through 1-37 in the student manual!
Trang 26Machine Configurations
Turning centers are available in several styles
Trang 2727There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 2828There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 29Universal style slant bed turning center
Front view of machine
Trang 30Headstock
& Spindle
Universal style slant bed turning center
Trang 31Work-holding
Device
Universal style slant bed turning center
Trang 32Body Quill
Center
Universal style slant bed turning center
Trang 33Turret
Trang 34Universal style slant bed turning center
A universal slant bed turning
center can perform all types of
Trang 35Z Axis
Universal style slant bed turning center
Trang 36Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 37Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 38Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 39Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 40Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 41Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 42Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 43Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 44Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 45Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 46Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 47Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 48Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 49Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 50Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 51Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 52Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 53Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 54Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 55Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 56Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 57Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 58Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 59Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 60Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 61Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 62Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 63Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 64Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 65Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 66Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 67Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 68Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 69Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 70Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 71Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 72Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 73Universal style slant bed turning center
Z Axis
Trang 94Universal style slant bed turning center
X is the diameter controlling axis
Trang 95If you want to turn a 3.0 inch diameter…
X3.0 will be the commanding word
Trang 96X is always the diameter-controlling axis
Z is always the length controlling axis
Also:
X+: always gets bigger in diameterZ+: always away from the spindle
Though some machine tool builders
reverse the polarity of the X axis
Trang 9797There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Because it is the most popular turning center style, examples
in this course stress this
machine type
Trang 9898There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 9999There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 100Chucker style slant bed turning center
NO Tailstock!
Chuck
Turret Headstock
Same basic components, but…
Trang 101Chucker style slant bed turning center
Z travel is usually quite short
X is still the diameter controlling axis…
…Z is still the length controlling axis
Trang 102102There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 103103There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 104Twin spindle horizontal bed style
Turret 2 Turret 1
Spindle 2 Spindle 1
Trang 105Twin spindle horizontal bed style
Turret 2 Turret 1
Spindle 2 Spindle 1
This machine is like having two independent
chucker-style machines in one!
Trang 106X is always the diameter-controlling axis
Z is always the length controlling axis
And also:
X+: always gets bigger in diameter
(regardless of which spindle)Z+: always away from the spindle
Trang 107When it comes to axis movements, a
program can be run in either spindle!
Trang 108108There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Some two-spindle turning centers have
opposing spindles – commonly called
“sub-spindle” turning centers…
Trang 109Main spindle turret
Trang 111Sub-spindle
turning center
This kind of machine can machine both
ends of the same workpiece in one cycle
Half-way through the cycle, the workpiece is transferred from the main spindle to the sub-spindle…
Trang 113Sub-spindle
turning center
2) Sub-spindle extends
Trang 114Sub-spindle
turning center
3) Sub-spindle retracts
Trang 116116There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Some two-spindle turning centers have
opposing spindles – commonly called
“sub-spindle” turning centers
Trang 117117There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 118118There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 119Spindle Single Spindle Vertical Style
Front view of machine
Trang 120Turret
Spindle
Single Spindle Vertical Style
This kind of turning center is popular
with very large, heavy workpieces…
The workpiece weight helps hold the it
in place in the work-holding device!
Trang 121Single Spindle Vertical Style
Trang 122122There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 123123There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 124Twin spindle vertical style
Turret 2 Turret 1
Spindle 2 Spindle 1
Trang 125Twin spindle vertical style
Turret 2 Turret 1
Spindle 2 Spindle 1
This machine is like having two
single-spindle vertical turning centers in one!
Trang 127127There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis
Trang 128128There are many forms of CNC
turning centers…
Universal slant bed
Chucker slant bed
Twin spindle horizontal
Single spindle vertical
Twin spindle vertical
Mill/turn machines
Gang type
Sliding headstock
In all cases…
X will be the diameter controlling axis
Z will be the length controlling axis