Tiếng anh chuyên ngành kỹ thuật điện, điện tử

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge.. Electricity that flows through wires and does work for us, like lighting a torch or working a

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢNG BÌNH

KHOA: NGOẠI NGỮ

GIÁO TRÌNH (Lưu hành nội bộ)

TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH

ĐIỆN – ĐIỆN TỬ

(Dành cho: Sinh viên ĐH, CĐ CNKT Điện – Điện tử)

Tác giả: Nguyễn Thọ Phước Thảo

Năm 2015

MỤC LỤC

Lời nói đầu

Unit 1: Introduction to electricity……… 3

Unit 2: Static electricity……… 7

Unit 3: Electric current ………… ……… 10

Unit 4: Powerful sources….……… 13

Unit 5: The electric system……… ……… 17

Unit 6: Light switch………….……… 20

Unit 7: Knife switch……… 24

Unit 8: Electric meter….………27

Unit 9: Electric gifts……… 30 Tài liệu tham khảo

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

Điện – Điện tử là một lĩnh vực chuyên ngành riêng biệt Để đọc hiểu các văn bản tiếng Anh về điện, điện tử, người học cần có những kiến thức cơ bản về tiếng Anh và những hiểu biết về lĩnh vực này

Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành điện – điện tử được biên soạn dựa trên một số tài liệu tham khảo, sách và giáo trình tiếng Anh chuyên ngành điện, điện tử của các trường đại học trong nước Mục đích của giáo trình này nhằm cung cấp vốn từ vựng, thuật ngữ, kiến thức chuyên ngành đặc trưng trong lĩnh vực Kỹ thuật điện -điện tử, cá đặc trưng ngữ pháp cơ bản thường sử dụng trong lĩnh vực chuyên ngành

Tác giả đã có những chỉnh sửa, bổ sung nhất định để phù hợp với đối tượng là sinh viên hệ đại học, cao đẳng chuyên ngành kỹ thuật điện-điện tử trường Đại học Quảng Bình

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY

Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge It is a secondary energy source which means that we get it from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary

sources

Electricity is our greatest friend At home, it lights bulbs, moves fans, pumps water and works household gadgets In offices and factories it operates lifts, runs huge machines and produces all sorts of goods for us It carries messages instantly from one corner of the world to another through telephones, graphs, faxes and computers It lights the streets and runs trains It entertains us through movies and televisions

The electricity that causes lightning, sparks, crackling noises and attracts objects, and

is contained in things like storm clouds, nylon and plastic, is called static electricity Static electricity can be got by rubbing things together and is called static because it cannot move on its own Electricity that flows through wires and does work for us, like lighting a torch or working a fan, is called current electricity Current electricity is produced by batteries or by generators in power plants and is supplied to homes

I READING COMPREHENSION

*Read the text carefully and answer the questions

1 What is electricity?

2 What are the examples of primary sources?

3 Why can we say that electricity is our greatest friend?

4 How many kinds of electricity are there?

5 What are the differences between static electricity and current electricity?

* True (T) or False (F)

1 Electricity comes from the conversion of primary sources

2 Storm clouds, nylon, plastic are electricity

3 Static electricity itself cannot move

4 Current electricity is the flows of electricity through wires

5 Battery is a device that produces current electricity

* Match each word in column A with its synonym in column B

1 Current electricity a electricity produced by friction

2 Static electricity b a metal conductor that carries electricity

over a distance

II LANGUAGE FOCUS

1 Simple present and past simple passive (review)

Ex: Current electricity is produced by batteries or by generators in power plants and is

supplied to homes

* Form: Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (V-ed/ column 3)

* Use: We use passive verbs to say what happens to the subject in contrast to active verbs which are used to say what the subject does

* Note: Use by if you want to name the person or thing that does/ causes the action

2 Practice

* Choose the correct verbs form to fill in the blanks provided

1 Light bulb gives light when it………on (switches/ is switched)

2 The police believe that electric wire………… the fire in the house (caused/ was caused)

3 I ……… an electricity shock from the wire (got/ was gotten)

4 They had only lived in that house for three years when fire ……… it (destroyed/ was destroyed)

5 Energy ……… as the capacity for doing work (defines/ is defined)

* Write passive sentences

1 He/ strike/ lightning/ yesterday

2 Electricity/ use/ widely/ houses/ factories

3 The electric light bulb/ invent/ Thomas Edison?

4 Static electricity/ usually/ obtain/ rubbing two things

5 The magnetic field/ create/ a flow of wire/ the wires

* Change the following active sentences into the passive voice

1 She pays electricity bill at the end of each month

2 My hair gets full of static when I brush it

3 The engineer turned off the electricity

4 A short circuit causes the fire

5 They electrified the railway in the 1950s

III WRITING AND SPEAKING

* Odd one out

1 electricity coal natural gas oil

3 telephones faxes graphs machines

4 movies televisions lifts radios

5 lightning clouds spark thunder

6 torch batteries generator transistor

* Work in groups and make a comparison between the life before electricity and after electricity

UNIT 2: STATIC ELECTRICITY

Everything we see is made up of tiny little parts called atoms The atoms are made of even smaller parts These are called protons, electrons and neutrons They are very different from each other in many ways One way they are different is their "charge." Protons have a positive (+) charge Electrons have a negative (-) charge Neutrons have no charge

Usually, atoms have the same number of electrons and protons Then the atom has no charge, it is "neutral." But if you rub things together, electrons can move from one atom to another Some atoms get extra electrons They have a negative charge Other atoms lose electrons They have a positive charge When charges are separated like this, it is called static electricity

If two things have different charges, they attract, or pull towards each other If two things have the same charge, they repel, or push away from each other

So, why does your hair stand up after you take your hat off? When you pull your hat off, it rubs against your hair Electrons move from your hair to the hat Now each of the hairs has the same positive charge Things with the same charge repel each other

So the hairs try to move away from each other The farthest they can get is to stand up and away from all the other hairs

If you walk across a carpet, electrons move from the rug to you Now you have extra electrons Touch a door knob and ZAP! The electrons move from you to the knob You get a shock

I READING COMPREHENSION

* Answer the questions

1 What are things in our universe made of?

2 What are atoms made of?

3 What kind of charge do electrons and protons have?

4 When is an atom neutral?

5 Why does your hair stand up after you take your hat off?

* True (T) or False (F)

1 Air and water are made of atoms

2 Atoms are smaller than electrons

3 Neutrons have a negative (-) charge

4 Two positive (+) charges attract each other

5 “Repel” means “pull towards each other”

* Fill in the gaps to complete the sentences

1 Atoms are made from electrons, protons and ………

2 Positive charge and negative charge are………charges

3 Static electricity can be obtained by………two things together

4 When you pull your hat off, some……… from your hair move to the hat

5 If you walk across a carpet, you will get a static…………

II LANGUAGE FOCUS

1 A number of and The number of

A number of = “Một số những ”

* Form: A number of + Plural noun + Plural verb

Ex: Wires have a very large number of loose electrons that move about within it in a random way

The number of = “ Số lượng những…”

* Form: The number of + Plural noun + single verb

Ex: The number of electrons in oxygen is eight

2 Practice:

* Put a/an or the in the blanks

1 Elements have………… different number of protons

2 When an atom is in balance, it has ………… equal number of protons and electrons

3 When you pull your hat off, ……… number of electrons move from your hair to the hat

4 Atoms have ………same number of electrons and protons

5 As of 2009, the world's most popular battery electric car, the REVAi, is sold in

………… number of countries in Europe and Asia

* Give the correct verbs form

1 The number of protons in an atom………… (determine) the kind of atom

2 A number of bulbs ………….(be) suddenly out when we were holding the party

3 What ………….(be) the number of air conditions in this university?

4 A large number of people in our country still…………(not pay) attention to conserving electricity

5 A safety device for a number of electrical loads that are connected to a supply line between a high-side path and a low-side path

III SPEAKING AND WRITING

* Summarize the passage about Static electricity basing on the following diagram

* Work in groups and find more example of Static electricity

(

+

)

- (+)

UNIT 3: ELECTRIC CURRENT

To light bulb, all you need to do is press a switch When the switch is on, electric current flows through the wire What is this current made of?

Wires have a very large number of loose electrons that move about within it in a random way A battery or the mains supply at home pushes these free electrons, so that they all move in one direction An electric current consists of a flow of these electrons

There are two types of current DC or

direct current is produced by batteries

and flows in one direction They are

used in automobiles and flashlights

AC or alternating current continually

reserves the direction of its flow The

current supplied to homes and schools

through the mains supply is alternating

current

Some materials made the light bulb

glow These materials, like the

aluminum foil, paper clip, coin and the

key allow current to pass through them They are conductors of electricity Most metals are good conductors

Other materials like wood, glass and rubber are examples of bad conductors of electricity They are called insulators

Insulators are as useful as conductors in making a current flow from one place to another We use conductors to carry electricity where it is needed and we use insulators to prevent it from leaking into places where we do not want it Wires used

in electrical connections are covered with plastic to make them safe to handle This is call insulation

Pure water is a poor conductor of electricity Pure water is free of impurities Tap water which is not filtered is a good conductor of electricity Dry air is also a poor conductor of electricity

The resistance offered by any material to the flow of current can be measured in terms

of ohms Conductors have very low resistance while insulators have very high resistance

A galvanometer is a current-measuring instrument It detects the presence of electric current

I READING COMPREHENSION

* Answer the questions

1 What is electric current made of?

2 How many types of current are there? What are they?

3 What are the aluminum foil, paper clip, coin and the key called?

4 What do we use insulators for?

5 What is insulation?

* True (T) or False (F)

1 Electric current flows through the wire when the switch is on

2 Direct current (DC) reserves the direction of its flow

3 AC stands for alternating current

4 The unit of resistance is ohms

5 Metals don’t allow current to pass through them

6 A galvanometer is a current-measuring instrument

* Match the words in column A with the phrases in column B to make true sentences

1 An electric current a flows in one direction

2 Direct current (DC) b reserves the direction of its flow

3 Alternating current (AC) c prevent electricity from leaking into other places

4 Conductors d measures current

5 Insulators e carry electricity

6 A galvanometer f is a flow of charge

II LANGUAGE FOCUS

1 VERB + “-ing” or “to – inf”

+ Verb + “to-inf”: decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, manage…

+ Verb + “-ing”: avoid, consider, like, enjoy, prevent, begin, stop…

2 Practice

* Choose the correct verb form

1 Did you remember to turn off / turning off the electricity when you went on holiday?

2 Don't forget to pay/paying the electricity bill tomorrow

3 I don’t like to live/living without electricity

4 This procedure avoids to risk/ risking electrical shorts

5 Don't forget to check/ checking the electric wires of your car

* Give the correct verb form in each gap

I used to like going to our local cinema It was old and rather uncomfortable, but it has character Now they’ve stopped…………(show) films there The owner would like to go on……….(run) the cinema, but he would need……… (make) a lot of improvements, which would mean…………(spend) tens of thousands of pounds I remember…………(watch) the last film at cinema It was a murder mystery It was five minutes from the end, and we were trying…………(work) out who the murderer was when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped We sat in the dark for

a few minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch “I regret……….(tell) you”

He said “ that our electricity has failed I don’t mean…………(disappoint) you, but I’m afraid we can’t show you the end of the film We’ve tried…………(phone) the electricity company, but they say they can’t help” He went on………….(explain) to the audience how the film ended I didn’t understand the story But I don’t regret

………… (go) to the cinema on that last evening

UNIT 4: POWERFUL SOURCES

Most of the electricity we use is from the mains supply The mains supply is generated in Power Stations, often away from the city, and transmitted by wires to homes, offices and factories There is a network of these wires running throughout the country

These wires carry a very high voltage to substations where the voltage is reduced The reduced voltage is distributed to users through underground cables and overhead wires

Electricity from magnets

Power stations produce electricity by the effect of a magnet on a rotating machine These are called generators If a magnet is continually pushed in and out of a coil of wire, an electric current is produced in the wire The same thing happens if the wire is

moved instead of the magnet

A generator makes electricity A turbine turns a generator What turns the turbine? Some kind of energy is necessary to turn the turbine In thermal power stations, the heat energy from coal or oil is used to produce steam The steam turns the turbine and generates electricity

The heat from nuclear fuel can also do the same job This is done in nuclear power stations

Hydroelectric power stations use the energy of falling water to turn a turbine For small generation units, biogas, wind, and tides of seas are also used to rotate the turbine

Electricity from chemicals

Batteries use chemical energy to produce electricity A reaction between chemicals inside a battery produces a voltage across its terminals.You know that a battery always has two terminals, one positive (+) and other negative (-) When connected to a complete circuit, a battery produces an electric current The current flows from the positive to the negative terminals

Other sources of electricity

Thomas Seebeck discovered that electricity could be

produced by using very hot and cold substances

When unlike metals are subjected to different

temperatures, very hot and very cold, they produce

electricity This is called a thermocouple

Electricity can also be obtained from the sun’s

energy This is done by Solar Cells

I READING COMPREHENSION

* Answer the questions

1 Where is most of electricity from?

2 What is a generator?

3 What rotates the turbine?

4 What are two terminals of a battery?

5 Who discovered that electricity could be produced by using very hot and cold

substances?

* True (T) or False (F)

1 All electricity is from the mains supply

2 The voltage is distributed to users through underground cables and overhead wires

3 An electric current is produced in the wire if the wire is moved

4 In a battery, the current flows from the negative to the positive terminals

5 The sun’s energy also obtains electricity

* Choose the best answer

1 The main supply is generated in …………

a Power Stations b Substations c Generators c Batteries

2 In thermal power stations the heat from ……….is used to produce electricity

3 In ……….power stations, the energy of falling water turns the turbine and generates electricity

a thermal b hydroelectric c nuclear d water

II LANGUAGE FOCUS

1 Determiner with of and without of: most, most of, many, many of…

* Form: Most of the electricity we use is from the mains supply

* Usage:

+ Determiner + of refers to general things

+ Determiner without of refers to particular ones

2 Practice

* Put of or nothing into each gap

1 To many………… people, the most important inventor of all time is Thomas Alva Edison

2 Most …………his 1000-plus inventions were devices

3 Many………… the things he invented played a crucial role in the development of modern technology, simply by showing what was possible

4 In so many…………ways, Edison is the perfect example of an inventor

5 Most……… models have a motorcycle-like throttle that gives a boost while going

up hills or accelerating from a stop

6 Many…………common electrical measurement instruments are based on electrical current

7 Most……… the circuitry inside modern instrumentation cannot be entirely explained during any introductory course!

8 Most……….death by electrocution is caused by fibrillation, disruption of the body's nerve signals controlling rhythmic beating of the heart, induced by modest current flow through the chest area

9 If you do not plug in the power supply or turn it on, you can work on most………….circuits without fear of being shocked

10 Studying the physics behind these discoveries will occupy most………….this course

+ Before the: most of the electricity

+ Before this, that…: many of those

+ a few household gadgets + some electrical engineers

* Write some true sentences using some, some of, most, most of, a few, a few of and then share your sentences with your friends

III SPEAKING AND WRITING

*Write a short paragraph (about 150 words) to talk about protecting powerful

sources