Muc dich cua nghien cuu nay la khao sat hien trang ve da dang thuc vat va sir phan bo ciia chiing 6 nhimg vung dat ngap nuoc con sot lai ciia huyen, nhim gop phan danh gia nguon tai nguy
Trang 1T a p chi K H O A H O C O H S P T P H C M So 58 ndm 2014
THANH P H A N LOAI VA SlT PHAN BO CUA THUC VAT D A T NGAP N\f6C
d HUYEN DUC HUE, TINH LONG AN PHAM VAN NGOT", N G U Y E N THANH NHAN", DANG V A N SON*"
TOM TAT
Kit qud nghien cim da dgng thuc vdt ciia he sinh thdi ddt ngap nude a huyen Due Hue, tinh Long An da ghi nhdn duac 155 lodi, 119 chi, 66 ho thudc 2 ngdnh thuc vdt bgc cao CO mgch Id ngdnh Duang xi (Polypodiophyta) vd ngdnh Ngoc lan (Magnoliophyta); trong do cd 135 lodi (chiim 87,1% tdng sd lodi) cd gid tri su dung nhu lam thudc (113 lodi), Idm rau (26 lodi), Idm cdnh (15 lodi) , 2 lodi cd gid tri bdo tdn (chiim 1,3%) theo thang ddnh gid ciia Sdch do Viet Nam 2007 (SDVN) Su phdn bd ciia thuc vdt chiu dnh hudng bdi 3 yiu td chinh: theo miia, theo thiiy vuc vd theo pH nuac
Td khoa: thuc vat dat ngap nuoc, thuc vat, da dang Due Hue, Long An
ABSTRACT
Species composition and the distribution of wetland plants
in Due Hue district, Long An province
An assessment of floral diversity in Due Hue district, Long An province, was carried out The survey results identified 155 species, 119 genera, 66 families belonging to the two phyla of vascular plants including Polypodiophyta and Magnoliophyta, among which were
135 species (87.1% of the total) considered as medicinal plants (113 species), vegetables (26 species), ornamental plants (15 species) Two species were listed for conservation by Vietnam Red Data Book, Part II, Plants (2007) The distribution of plants was influenced
by three factors including season, type of water bodies andpH of water
Keywords: wetland plants, plant, diversity Due Hue, Long An
1 Ma dau Dong Thanh, voi tong dien tich tu nhien
Due Hue la mot huyen nim 6 phia 43.092 ha Day la vung chuySn fi§p giiia bic cua tinh Long An gom 10 xa la Binh bac them phu sa c6 voi vung thuong luu Hoa Bic, Binh Hoa Hung, Binh Hoa ciia d6ng bing song Cuu Long; co doan Nam, Binh Thanh, My Binh, My Quy song Vam' Co Dong chay qua dai hon Dong, My Quy Tay, My Thanh Bic, My 32,8 km, da hinh thanh nen nhiSu vung Thanh Dong, My Thanh Tay va thi trin dat ngap nuoc co gia tri khong chi d6i
TS, Tryang Dai hoc Su" pham TPHCM
J h S , Truong THPT Hau NghTa, Long An
* NCS, Vien Sinh hoc nhiet dai
Trang 2Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Pham Vdn Nggt vd tgk
voi nguoi dan dia phuong nhu cung cip
luong thuc, thuc phim, nuoc tuoi cho san
xuit nong nghiep, cac san phim nong
lam nghiep, thuy san co gia tri kinh te cao
ma con dong vai tro quan trong d6i voi
moi truong nhu xii li nguon nuoc 6
nhiem, giam thiiu lu lut va han han, 6xhu
hoa khi hau, on dinh muc nuoc ngam va
con la noi song va cung cap thiic an cho
cac loai dong vat hoang da, trong do co
nhieu loai dugc xep vao danh muc cac
loai nguy cap can dugc bao ve
The nhung trong nhiing nam gan
day, dien tich dat ngap nuoc o huyen Diic
Hue bi suy giam nghiem trgng do mgt
^ 1 •) T r
phan chuyen doi dat ngap nuoc thanh dat
san xuat nong nghiep va qua trinh do thi
hoa dien ra nhanh da dan den nhung ton
that dang ke ve da dang sinh hgc ma dac
biet la tai nguyen thuc vat Muc dich cua
nghien cuu nay la khao sat hien trang ve
da dang thuc vat va sir phan bo ciia chiing
6 nhimg vung dat ngap nuoc con sot lai
ciia huyen, nhim gop phan danh gia
nguon tai nguyen thien nhien, giiip dia
phuong thuan lgi hon trong viec su dung
va phat triln hgp li ngudn tai nguyen co
gia tri nay
2 PhiroTig phap nghien ciru
Cac cong trinh khoa hgc co lien
quan dSn de tai nghien ciiu dugc thu thap
de lam co so dinh huong cho ngi dung
khao sat va nghien ciiu Tien hanh khao
sat thuc dia theo tuyin (thang 4, thang
7/2011, thang 8/2012) de thu thap mlu
tieu ban thuc vat
Khao sat mgt so dac diem ve moi
trucmg de xac dinh sir phan bo ciia thuc
vat, cac yeu to khao sat theo cac mua khac nhau trong nam nhu: do do man,
pH, miic do ngap nuoc thuong xuyen hay dinh ki
Dua vao tai lieu Cay co Viet Nam
cua Pham Hoang Hg (1999 2003) [3] de
dinh loai cac mau thuc vat, dong thoi doi chieu so mau voi cac mau chuan dugc luu giii tai Bao tang Thuc vat thuoc Vien Sinh hgc Nhiet doi Viec phan chia va xac dinh cac nhom cay co ich dua vao ket qua dieu tra thuc dia ket hgp voi cac tai lieu nhu: Tu dien Cay thuoc Viet Nam cua Vo Van Chi (2012) [2], Nhung cay thuoc va vi thuoc Viet Nam cua Do Tat Lgi (2004) [4], 1900 cay co ich cua Trin Dinh Ly (1995) [5], Sach do Viet Nam (2007) [1] va cac tai lieu khac co lien quan
Nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta)
CO 2 lop va trong moi lop xep cac hg theo Brummit (1992) [8] Cong tac ngi nghiep dugc tiln hanh o Phong Thi nghiem Thuc vat cua Khoa Sinh, Dai hgc Su pham TP H6 Chi Minh va Vien Sinh hgc Nhiet doi
3 Ket qua va thao luan
3.1 Da dgng vi thdnh phdn lodi
Kit qua dieu tra cho thiy khu vuc nghien ciiu co 155 loai, 119 chi, 66 hg thuoc 2 nganh thuc vat bac cao co mach
la nganh Duong xi (Polypodiophyta) va nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) Trong
do, nganh Duong xi co 9 loai, thuoc 8 chi, cua 8 hg; nganh Nggc lan co 146 loai, thuoc 111 chi, cua 58 hg (bang 1) Nhu vay, co the khang dinh nganh Nggc lan chiem uu thi trong khu vuc nghien cuu
Trang 3Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Sd 58 nam 2014
Bang 1 Phdn bd cdc taxon trong ngdnh thuc vdt
Nganh
Polypodiophyta
Magnoliophyta
Tong cong
Ho
•
So luOTlg
8
58
66
Ti le %
12,12 87,88
100
Chi
So luong
8
111
119
Ti le %
•
6,72 93,28
100
Loai
So lyoTig
9
146
155
Ti le % 5,81 94,19
100
Phan tich sau hon ve nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta) cho thay ket qua nhu sau: lop Nggc lan (Magnoliopsida) chiem uu the voi so loai la 87 chiem 59,59%, so chi la
70 chiem 63,06%, so hg la 40 chiem 68,97% trong toan nganh (bang 2)
Bdng 2 Phdn bd cdc taxon trong ngdnh Ngoc lan (Magnoliophyta)
L ^
Liliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Tong cong
Ho
•
So luong
18
40
58
Ti le %
31,03 68,97
100
Chi
So lyoTig
41
70
111
Ti le %
36,94 63,06
100
Loai
w
So itfong
59
87
146
Ti le %
40,41 59,59
100
O cap do hg, co 10 hg co so lugng
loai nhieu nhat voi 82 loai chiim 52,6%)
tong so loai trong toan viing nghien ciiu;
cac hg co so lugng loai nhieu nhat phai
ke den la hg Coi (Cyperaceae) co 19 loai
(chiem 12,26%) tong so loai), hg Hoa thao
(Poaceae) co 14 loai (chiim 9,03%), hg
Dau (Fabaceae) co 9 loai (chiim 5,81%)),
hg Thau dau (Euphorbiaceae) va Hoa
mom cho (Scrophulariaceae) mdi hg co 7
loai (chiim 4,52%)), hg Ciic (Asteraceae)
va Bim bim (Convolvulaceae) mdi hg co
6 loai (chiim 3,87)
Trong so 155 loai thuc vat da dugc
ghi nhan, thi co mgt so loai uu thi, dac
trung cho he thuc vat dit ngap nuoc ciia
huyen Diic Hue la Tram {Melaleuca
cajiiputi Powell), Bang {Lepironia
articulata (Retz.) Domin), Nang nggt
{Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex
Hensch.), Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), Nghe {Persicaria pulchra (Blume) Sojak), Sen {Nelumbd nucifera Gaertn.), Siing tring (Nymphaea
pubescens Willd.), M6m mo {Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge)
Nees), Co nga {Coix aquatica Roxb.) va Dung {Scleria poiformis Retz.)
Mac du dia ban nghien ciiu co tinh chit dac trung la b6n triing va lung phen nhung 6 day van co sir xuit hien ciia mgt s6 loai thuc vat nuoc Ig phan b6 ven song Vam Co Dong 6 dia phan thuoc xa Binh Hoa Nam co rit nhilu quin thi Diia nuoc
(Nypa fruticans Wurmb), quin thi Chudi
nuoc {Crinum asiaticum L.) keo dai hang
tram met, rong 30-50m va it dan chi con mgc rai rac cho toi tan My Quy Dong Mgt s6 loai thuc vat nuoc Ig khac mgc
xen nhu Bin chua {Sonneratia caseolaris
Trang 4Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Phgm Van Ngpt vd tgk
(L.) Engl.), Tra lam v6 {Thespesia
populnea (L.) Sol ex Correa), Bgt Ich
biln {Glochidion littorale Blume), Son
nuoc {Gluta velutina Blume)
3.2 Gid tri tdi nguyen cua thirc vgt
3.2.1 Gid tri su dung
Chiing toi da ghi nhan dugc tai
r
nguyen thuc vat dat ngap nuoc huyen Diic Hue CO 135 loai (chiem 87,1% t6ng
so loai) CO gia tri su dung va chia thanh cac nhom cay co ich theo nhu o bang 3
va phan phu luc
Bdng 3 Gid tri sic dung ciia thuc vdt
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cong dung
Nhom cay lam thuoc Nhom cay lam rau Nhom cay lay go va cho ciii Nhom cay gia dung
Nhom cay lam canh Nhom cay cho qua Nhom cay lam phan xanh Nhom cay cho chan nuoi
So loai
113
26
16
5
15
8
8
6
Ti le %
72,90 16,77 10,32 3,23 9,68 5,16 5,16 3,87
r
- Nhdm cdy lam thudc: c6 113 loai co
gia tri lam thuoc chiem 72,9% tong so
loai trong vung nghien cuu, trong do, co
cac loai nhu Lac tien (T^assiflora foetida
L.), Choc gai {Lasia spinosa (L.)
Thwaites), Ho dang long {Cissampelos
pareira L.) Day la cac loai dugc nguoi
dan dia phuong su dung de chira cac
benh thong thuong nhu mun nhgt, man
ngura, chira li true trang, giai nhiet
- Nhdm cdy lam rau: co 26 loai
chiem 16,8%) tdng so loai co gia trj lam
thuc pham, trong do co nhilu loai cay
hoang dai dugc nguoi dan ua chuong
dung trong bira com gia dinh nhu la
nguon rau xanh ddng thoi ciing la bai
thudc dan gian chiia cac benh thdng
thucmg nhu Choai {Stenochlaena
palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd.j, La he {Blyxa
aubertii Rich.), Rau nhiit (Neptunia
oleracea Lour.;, Rau ma {Centella
asiatica (L.) Urb.)
- Nhdm cdy lam cdnh: cd 15 loai
chiem 9,7% tdng sd loai cd gia tri lam canh Ngay nay voi xu hudng "ve vdi thien nhien" nen cd rat nhieu loai thuc vat hoang da da va dang dang bi "san liing" rao net, ngu tri trong nhiing ngdi nha sang trgng, van phdng, cdng vien hay
ca trong cac khu dd thj Cac loai bi khai
thac nhieu la Lgc viing {Barringtonia
acutangula (L.) Gaertn.) va Sanh {Ficus benjamina L./
- Nhdm cdy lay gd vd cho cui: cd 16
loai chiem 10,32% tdng sd loai; nhdn^ cay nay dugc su dimg de lay gd dung trong xay dung, ddng cac dd diing gia dinh, tau thuyen hoac lay ciii Cac loai
7 F
dugc khai thac phd bien nhu Mii u
{Calophyllum inophyllum L.), Tram {Melaleuca cajuputi Powell^, Tra lam vd {Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol ex Correa),
Son nuoc {Gluta velutina Blume)
3.2.2 Gid tri ve ngudn gen quy hiem
Trang 5Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Sd 58 nam 2014
Ben canh viec dieu tra thanh phan
loai cd gia tri tai nguyen thi can phai cd
sir danh gia miic do de dga cua cac loai
trong he thuc vat viing nghien ciiu Tir do
de ra cac chinh sach uu tien va bien phap
bao ve cd hieu qua Theo Sach do Viet
Nam (2007) [1], trong tdng sd 156 loai
thuc vat dugc ghi nhan thi cd 2 loai
(chiem 1,3%) dugc xep vao danh muc
> y F
cac loai can dugc bao tdn d cap do "Se
F
nguy cap VU" la Liia trdi {Oryza
rufipogon Griff.), loai nay mat dan ngoai
tu nhien do mdi trudng sdng thay ddi va
Ca na (Elaeocarpus hygrophilus Kurz),
day la loai bi khai thac nhieu de lay qua
lam miit, d mai va lay gd sir dung
3.3 Sir phdn bd cua thirc vgt ddt ngap
nir&c
F 3.3.1 Phdn bd theo miia
Cd sir bien ddng kha ldn vl cac loai
thuc vat giiia miia mua va miia khd Vao
miia mua sd lugng loai phong phii hon,
sir sdng dien ra manh me hon so vdi mua
khd Miia mua dit cd am do cao nen
nhieu loai thuc vat ua am bat dau phat
trien manh nhu Vdi voi {Heliotropium
indicum L.), E ldn dau (Hyptis capitata
Jacq.), Td lien ray {Torenia polygonoides
Benth.), Man dit {Lindernia antipoda
(L.) Alston) mgc khip bd ao, bd
muong va cac viing dit im thip Mua
mua Cling la miia ra hoa kit qua ciia hiu
hit cac loai thuc vat, phd biln la hg Hda
thao (Poaceae) va hg Cdi (Cyperaceae)
Nhung ciing cd mdt sd loai ra hoa vao
mua khd nhu Ca na {Elaeocarpus
hygrophilus Kurz), Hoang diu in {Xyris
indica L.) Vao miia mua, khi nude Iii
tran ve vdi'muc nude ngap sau, sd loai
thuc vat giam di mdt each ro ret Nhieu
loai da chet di nhung cung cd rat nhieu loai thuc vat sdng dugc qua Iii nhu: Luc
binh (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), Beo tai chudt {Salvinia cucullata
Roxb.) hay cac loai thiiy sinh chim nhu
Kim ngu {Ceratophyllum demersum L.j, NhT can vang (Utricularia aurea
Lour.)
Khi Iii riit dan khdi ddng thi NhT
can vang (Utricularia aurea Lour.) va Rau mac bao {Monochoria vaginalis
(Burm.f.) C Presl), Siing trang
(Nymphaea pubescens Willd.) la nhimg
loai xuat hien trd lai sdm nhat va chiem
F F
UU the Trong khi do, sd lugng loai ciia cac cay than gd va day leo khdng cd su thay ddi dang ke trong miia lu ciing nhu trong miia khd, chiing chi giam sire sdng
F t
khi Iii den va phat trien manh trd lai khi
lu di qua
Khi lu riit han ra khdi ddng, dat trd nen khd rao hon thi cac loai thug vat chet
trong Iii trudc dd nhu Cd chi {Cynodon
dactilon (L.) Pers.), Cii com {Cyperus halpan L.), Cd ding tan {Fuirena umbellata Rottb.), Cd chac {Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl) phat triln trd lai
nhd hat hoac than re nim trong dit
Vao miia khd, sd lugng va so loai thuc vat giam di dang kl, nhit la cac loai
ua im Cac thuc vat thiiy sinh chim hoac ndi cd dien tich thu hep lai chi cdn trong cac sdng, rach va cac bung, dia
Sir biln ddng theo miia ciia thuc vat dit ngap nude la kha rd rang Sd lugng
va thanh phan loai thay doi rd ret trong miia lu, cung nhu giiia hai miia mua va khd Cac thuc vat than thao thudng giam
F y
dl rat nhieu trong miia lii, trong khi cac nhdm dang song khac khdng cd biln
Trang 6Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Phgm Vdn Ngpt vd tgk
ddng ldn
3.3.2 Phdn bd theo thiiy vuc
Co su khac biet kha ro ve sd lugng
loai thirc vat giira cac thuy vuc d khu vuc
'Ughien ciru, qua trinh thuc dia da ghi
nhan dugc thanh phin loai d cac thuy vuc
dong cd, lung Sen thudng thip hon thanh
phin loai d cac rimg tram, kenh dao,
rudng Ilia
- Thuy vu-c ngap nirdc thirdng
xuyen
+ Lung Sen, lung Siing: day la hai
thuy vuc cd do ngap sau va ngap quanh
nam, tuy nhien lung Siing cd do ngap sau
hon Lung Sen Mua mua thudng cd do
ngap tir 1,5 - 2m, miia khd tir 0,5 1,2m,
va pH trung tinh (pH = 6 7,5) Thuy vuc
nay phong phii vdi cac loai thuy sinh,
ngoai Sen (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) va
Sung dd (Nymphaea rubra Roxb ex
Andrews) la hai loai chiem uu the, cdn cd
F F
Cd bac (Leersia hexandra Sw.), Cd dng
{Panicum repens L.), Mdm md
{Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge)
Nees), Rau dira {Ludwigia adscendens
(L.) H Hara), Beo cai {Pistia stratiotes
L.), Beo tai chudt {Salvinia cucullata
Roxb.), NhT can vang {Utricularia aurea
Lour.), Kim ngu {Ceratophyllum
demersum L.), Nang nggt {Eleocharis
dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.) va Luc
binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)
Solms)
+ Ddng cd Ndng: day ciing la noi
ngap nude quanh nam nhung do ngap can
hon Lung Sen, Lung Siing; miia mua
ngap toi da chi tir 0,5-Im, mua khd tir
0,2-0,5m d day cd sd loai kha thap, chu
ylu la Nang nggt {Eleocharis dulcis
(Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.) chiem uu the
Ngoai ra cdn cd cac loai nhu Bang
{Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin), Cd
F F
dng {Panicum repens L.), Cd bac {Leersia hexandra Sw.), Cii com {Cyperus halpan L.), Lac vdi dep {Cyperus platystilis R Br.) va NhT can vang (Utricularia aurea Lour.)
+ Rimg Trdm: theo thdng tin tir Hat
Kiem lam huyen Diic Hue, thi toan bd rimg Tram hien nay deu la rimg trdng, phan bd rai rac d khap cac xa vdi dien tich nhd le chi vai ha Tang cay gd don dieu vdi mdt loai duy nhat la Tram
{Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) Vao mua
mua, cd the ngap tdi 0,5 m, mua khd tir 0-0,2 m, do pH dao ddng trong tir 5-7,5
Day ciing la mdt trong cac thiiy vuc cd sd loai tuong ddi phong phii Nhimg loai thudng gap dudi tan thudng la Bang
(Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin), Nang nggt (Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.), Cd dng (Panicum repens L.), Cd bac (Leersia hexandra Sw), NhT can vang {Utricularia aurea), Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.), Rau mac thon {Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms.), Day choai {Stenochlaena palustris (Burm f.)
Bedd.)
+ Cdc thiiy vuc kenh ddo vd ao nudi cd: mang ludi kenh dao d huyen
Diic Hue rat phat trien nham tang hieu qua xa lii, rira phen cho viing dat nay
Ben canh cac kenh da dao tir lau la cac kenh mdi dao va chiem sd lugng chii yeu
Cac loai thuc vat d day tuong ddi phong phii, mdt sd loai thudng gap nhu Luc
binh {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.), Rau mac thon {Monochoria
Trang 7Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Sd 58 ndm 2014
hastata (L.) Solms.), Sen {Nelumbo
nucifera Gaertn.), Mdm md
{Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge)
Nees), Rau dira {Ludwigia adscendens
(L.) H Hara), Nghe {Polygonum
tomentosum Schrank), Mdn nude
{Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), Cd nga
{Coix aquatica Roxb.), Chudi nude
•\ F {Crinum asiaticum L.) Hau nhu tat ca
cac kenh dao deu da bi Luc binh va mdt
F
sd loai cd che phii gay can trd luu thdng
dudng thiiy, khi thdi muc lam giam oxi
hda tan trong nude, dan den chet ca va
anh hudng den cac loai thiiy sinh khac
+ Thuy vuc ven sdng Vdm Cd
Ddng: day la thuy vuc ngap nude thudng
xuyen va chiu anh hudng true tilp bdi
trieu cudng Ngoai thuc vat than thao cdn
cd cac loai cay than gd va cac loai day
leo chang chit tao nen thuy vuc cd miic
do da dang ve loai cao Cac loai gap phd
F
bien nhu: Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes
(Mart.) Solms.), Beo cai {Pistia
stratiodes L.), Mdn nude {Colocasia
esculenta (L.) Schott), Chuoi nude
{Crinum asiaticum L.), Rang dai
{Acrostichum aureum L.), Say
{Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin ex
Steud.), Dura gai {Pandanus kaida Kurz),
Dira nude {Nypa fruticans Wurmb), Xang
mau {Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb.),
Gira (Ficus microcarpa L.f.), Mil u
{Calophyllum inophyllum L.), Lgc virng
{Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.),
Son nude {Gluta velutina Blume/
Thdy vu-c ngap nir&c theo miia
y
+ Ddng Dung: la thuy vuc cd do da
dang vl thanh phin loai tuong ddi thip,
ngap nude chii ylu vao miia mua vdi dd
ngap tir 10-50cm va pH tir 3-6 Ddng co Dung gap nhieu d cac xa My Quy Tay,
My Thanh Tay, My Binh vdi dien tich len din 3 ha Ci thuy vuc nay, Dung
{Scleria poiformis Retz.) la loai chiem uu
thi gin nhu tuyet ddi Ngoai ra, cdn gap mdt sd loai khac nhu Nang nggt
{Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin ex
Hensch.), Cd dng {Panicum repens L.),
Cd bac (Leersia hexandra Sw.) va Diia gai {Pandanus kaida Kurz)
+ Ddng Cd dng: day la thiiy vuc co
do cao tuong ddi, la vimg chuyen tiep giira viing gd ddi va viing dat thap, co mdt sd lung ngap nude quanh nam gap rai rac d cac xa Binh Hda Hung, Binh Thanh, My Quy Tay Thuy vuc nay chi ngap nude vao miia mua, vdi pH dao ddng tir 5-6 nen sd lugng loai it da dang
F Ngoai Cd dng (Panicum repens L.) la
loai chiem uu the, thi d day cdn cd sir
xuat hien ciia Dung {Scleria poiformis Retz.), Nang nggt {Eleocharis dulcis
Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.), Cd bic
(Leersia hexandra Sw.), Cd chi {Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), Mudi da
hiing (Melastoma affine D Don), Diia gai
{Pandanus kaida Kurz) Ben canh do
cung cd vai loai cay gd nhu Tram
{Melaleuca cajuputi Powell^, Tram se {Syzygium cinereum (Kurz) Chantaran &
J.Pam.;
+ Ddng Bdng: ciing gin gidng nhu
ddng Dung, day la thuy vuc ngap nude chii yeu vao miia mua vdi do ngap khoang 10-50cm, pH dao ddng tir 3-6 nen thanh phin loai thuc vat tuong doi thip Ddng cd bang gap nhieu d cac xa My Quy Tay, My Thanh Tay, My Binh vdi dien tich len den 5 ha C) thiiy vuc nay
Trang 8Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Phgm Vdn Ngpt vd tgk
ngoai Bang {Lepironia articulata (Retz.)
Domin) la loai uu thi gin nhu tuyet doi
Ngoai ra, ta cung gap mdt so loai khac
nhu Nang nggt {Eleocharis dulcis
(Burm.f.) Trin ex Hensch.), Cd dng
{Panicum repens L.), Dung {Scleria
poiformis Retz.)
+ Rudng Liia: day la mdi trudng
cam thiiy trong sudt giai doan sinh trudng
va lam ddng ciia liia nen cac loai cd dai
phat trien, gdp phan dang ke vao sd
lugng loai thuc vat cho viing dat ngap
S F
nuoc d day Hau het cac rudng liia chi
lam hai vu Ddng xuan va He thu cdn lai
la bd hoang do anh hudng bdi lii Do
ngap nude tiiy thudc vao thdi ki sinh
trudng ciia Liia, dao ddng tir 5-30 cm, pH
gan trung tinh do dugc thay nude thudng
xuyen Trong miia gieo trdng thi ngoai
Liia {Oryza sativa L.) cdn cd Cd Idng vuc
{Echinochloa colona (L.) Link), Cd dudi
phung {Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees),
Cd chao {Cyperus difformis L.), Cd chi
{Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), NhT can
vang {Utricularia aurea Lour.) Khi Liia
dugc gat xong, dit dugc bd hoang mdt
thdi gian dl chuin bi cho vu gieo trdng
mdi thi d day lai xuit hien them nhilu
loai khac nhu Rau deu {Alternanthera
sessilis (L.) R.Br, ex DC), Rau muong
{Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H Raven),
Cd ding tan {Fuirena umbellata Rottb.),
U du {Cyperus elatus L.) Ngoai ra, cdn
cd su hien dien cua La he (Blyxa aubertii
Rich.) la loai thuy sinh gin liin vdi dit
ngap nude va chi phat triln manh vao
mua nude ndi
3.3.3 Phdn bd theo pH
- Voi pH < 5: mdi trudng nay phan
bd chii yeu d ven cac kenh mdi dao va
trong ndi ddng noi dat phen dang hoat ddng, chi cd mdt sd loai cd kha nang chiu phen cao tdn tai, chu yeu la cac loai thudc
hg Cdi (Cyperaceae) nhu Bang
(Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin),
Nang {Eleocharis ssp.) Dung {Scleria
F
poiformis Retz); va mdt sd loai khac nhu
Say (Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin ex Steud.), NhT can vang (Utricularia aurea
Lour.) Tuy nhien, kha nang sinh trudng ciia chiing bi giam di rd ret Noi
cd pH = 3 4 cd loai Hoang dau an {Xyris
indica L.) thich nghi va phat trien rat
manh
- Voi pH = 5-6,5: day la pH phd bien
cua mdi trudng nude d huyen Diic Hue,
F y
gap d cac vimg dat phen tiem tang Cac
-> F
loai gap phd bien thudc hg Cdi (Cyperaceae), hg Hda thao (Poaceae)
Ngoai ra cdn cd Tram {Melaleuca
cajuputi Powell), Trai nude {Commelina longifolia Lam.), NhT can vang {Utricularia aurea Lour.), Rang gac nai {Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn),
Dura gai {Pandanus kaida Kurz), Siing trang {Nymphaeapubescens Willd.)
- Voi pH = 6,5-8: gap d cac viing dat
phii sa nhilm phen nhu thuy vuc ven sdng, ven kenh; cac Lung Sen Siing; cac
ao nudi ca va rudng liia
3.4 Thdo ludn
Cd the ndi thanh phan loai thuc vat dit ngap nude d huyen Diic Hue la rat da dang va phong phii (vdi 156 loai), nd gdp phan quan trgng trong viec hinh thanh cac kieu tham thuc vat tieu bieu cho viing
dat ngap nude d ddng bang sdng Cim Long, tham gia true tiep vao viec chdng
bien ddi khi hau, nude bien dang, xir li
ngudn nude d nhiem, chdng xdi Id, va
Trang 9Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Sd 58 nam 2014
-dac biet la dem lai nguon thu nhap dang
kl cho ngudi dan dia phuong Vdi vai trd
to ldn cua thuc vat dit ngap nude nhu
vay, chiing ta can cd nhirng bien phap
bao ve va sir dung hgp li ngudn tai
nguyen nay bing each: thanh lap khu vuc
bao tdn cac loai thuc vat dit ngap nude
kit hgp vdi bao tdn di tich lich sir, theo
ddi sir xam nhap man do muc nude bien
dang va ddng thdi tang cudng cdng tac
tuyen truyen, giao due cdng ddng, nang
cao y thiic tu giac bao ve rimg, bao ve he
sinh thai xung quanh dudi nhieu hinh
thirc nhu thdng qua phat thanh, truyen
hinh, intemet, sach bao, khuyen ndng, tap
huin giao due ve cac gia tri va tam quan
trgng cua he sinh thai dat ngap nude,
ciing nhu cac ngudn lgi thu dugc tir he
sinh thai nay, phd bien phap luat quan li
bao ve rimg va mdi trudng
Sir thay ddi giiia miia mua va mua
khd cd anh hudng ldn den sir thay ddi
thanh phin loai thuc vat Sd loai thuc vat
giam di rd ret trong nude miia lii, dac biet
la cac loai Lac va loai cay than thao,
trong khi do cac nhdm dang sdng khac
khdng cd bien ddng ldn Vao mua mua
thi sd lugng loai phong phii hon, sir sdng
dien ra manh me hon so vdi miia khd
Miia mua ciing la miia ra hoa ket trai cua
hau het cac loai thuc vat, ma phd bien
nhat la cac loai thudc hg Hda thao
(Poaceae) va hg Cdi (Cyperaceae)
Trong sd cac loai thuc vat ghi nhan
dugc d khu vuc nghien ciiu thi Mai
duong {Mimosa pigra L.) va Luc binh
{Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms^ la
hai loai dang quan tam nhit Day la hai loai thuc vat ngoai lai ma hien nay dugc xem la nguy hilm cho cac he sinh thai dit ngap nude 6 huyen Dire Hue, Mai
duong {Mimosa pigra L.) cd mat d hau
hit cac xa dudi dang quan the nhd, do vay cin sdm cd bien phap phdng trir trong giai doan hien nay trudc khi chiing bung phat manh nhu nhiing noi khac; cdn
loai Luc binh {Eichhornia crassipes
(Mart.) Solms) thi hien hien d tit ca cac ddng sdng, kenh rach, chiing gay trd ngai
vl giao thdng dudng thuy va ngan chan ddng chay
4 Ket luan
Da ghi nhan dugc thanh phan loai thuc vat dit ngap nude d huyen Dire Hue, tinh Long An cd 155 loai, thudc 119 chi,
66 hg cua 2 nganh thuc vat bac cao co mach la nganh Duong xi (Polypodiophyta) va Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta)
Gia tri sir dung cua thuc vat dugc chia lam 8 nhdm chinh la: nhdm cay lam thudc, nhdm cay lam rau, nhdm cay cho ciii va lay gd, nhdm cay gia dung, nhdm cay lam canh, nhdm cay cho qua, nhdm cay cho chan nudi va nhdm cay lam phan xanh Da xac dinh dugc 2 loai thuc vat co gia tri bao tdn theo thang danh gia cua Sach dd Viet Nam (2007) la Lua trdi
{Oryza rufipogon Griff.) va Ca na {Elaeocarpus hygrophilus Kurz)
Su phan bo cua thuc vat d khu vuc
F ^
nghien ciiu chiu anh hudng bdi 3 yeu to chinh la: theo miia, theo loai thiiy vuc va theo pH nude
Trang 10Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Phgm Van Ngpt vd tgk
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3
4
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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Bg Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe, Vien Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam (2007), Sdch do Viet Nam, Phdn II: Thuc vdt, Nxb Khoa hoc tu nhien va Cdng nghe
Vo Van Chi (2012), Tir diin cdy thudc Viet Nam, tap 1, 2, Nxb Y hoc
Pham Hoang Hg (1999-2003), Cdy cd Viet Nam, tap 1, 2, 3, Nxb Tre
Do Tat Lgi (2004), Nhimg cdy thudc vd vi thudc Viet Nam, Nxb Y hgc
Trin Dinh Ly (1995), 1900 lodi cdy cd ich, Nxb Thi gidi
Nguyen NghTa Thin (1997), Cdm nang nghien cim da dgng sinh vdt, Nxb Ndng
nghiep
Nguyen NghTa Thin (2008), Da dgng sinh hoc vudn qudc gia Hodng Lien, Nxb Ndng
nghiep
Brummitt, R K (1992), Vascular plant families and genera Royal Botanic Gardens
- K e w
PHU LUC Danh luc thuc vat huyen Dire Hue, tinh Long An
KHOA HOC
I POLYPODIOPHYTA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 AZOLLACEAE
Azolla caroliana Willd
2 BLECHNACEAE
Stenochlaena palustris (Burm f.)
Bedd
3 MARSILEACEAE
Mars ilea quadrifolia L
4 PARKERIACEAE
Ceratopteris siliquosa (L.) Copel
5 PTERIDACEAE
Acrostichum aureum L
6 SALVINIACEAE
Salvinia cucullata Roxb
Salvinia natans All
7 SCHIZEACEAE
Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw
8 THELYPTERIDACEAE
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H Ito
II MAGNOLIOPHYTA
MAGNOLIOPSIDA
TEN VIET NAM NGANH DlTONG XI
HO BEO DAU Beo dau
Choai
HO RAU BOf Rau bg
HO GAT NAI Rang gat nai
HO DiroNG x i Rang dai
HO BEO TAI CHUOT
Beo tai chuot Beo ong
HO BONG BONG Bong bong leo
HO RANG THir Dl/C
Rang chu quan gian doan
NGANH NGOC LAN LOfP NGOC LAN
DANG S6NG
C
DL
C
C
B
C
C
DL
C
CONG DUNG
PX,T
R, T
T
T T,GD
PX,T PX,T
T
T