Tổng hợp ngữ pháp và từ vựng tiếng Anh 12

- Chỉ hành động dự kiến và có kế hoạch thực hiện trong tương lai gần.. - Chỉ hành động vừa mới xảy ra, hay vừa mới hoàn tất.. - Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại v

TỔNG HỢP TỪ VỰNG VÀ NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LỚP

12 UNIT 1: HOME LIFE

A READING

- night shift: ………

- biology ( ) - biologist ( ): ………

- biological ( ): ………

- join hands: work together ………

- (be) willing to + V1: ………

- household chores: ………

- run the household: ………

- make sure ………

- rush = hurry = go quickly (v) ………

- responsibility ( ): ………

- responsible for (a): ………

- take the responsibility for + V-ing: ………

- pressure (n): ………

- (be) under pressure: ………

- caring (a) ………

- take out = remove: ………

- mischievous ( ): ………

- mischief (n): ………

- give s.o a hand = help s.o: ………

- o‟bedient (a) ≠ disobedient (a): ………

- obedience (n): ………

- obey ( ): ………

- close – knit: ………

- supportive of ………

- „frankly (adv): ………

- frank (a): ………

- make a decision = decide (v) ………

- solve (v): ………

- solution ( ): ………

- secure (a) = safe (a) ………

- security (n): ………

- (be) crowded with ………

- well – behaved (a): ………

- confidence (n): ………

- confident in s.o (a): ………

- base (n) / based on = rely on ………

- come up = appear, happen ………

- hard-working (a) ………

- be good at ………

Task 1 (Textbook page 14)

Task 2:

1 Who makes dinner in the family?

A the father B the daughter C the son D the mother

2 Which one is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A There are five people in the family

B The father sometimes goes home late

C The father doesn‟t help anything in housework

D This family has a close-knit relationship

3 What is the daughter attempting to do after secondary school?

A win a place at university B get over the study pressure

C help her family with the household chores D pass the final exam

4 How are the boys like?

C quite obedient and hard working D sometimes obedient and hard working

5 The word “them” in the last line refers to

A feelings B problems C solutions D weekends

B SPEAKING + C LISTENING

Choose the best answer

1 “ ?” – Yes, I‟d like to

A How do you do? B How about something to drink

C What about going shopping? D What do you like doing?

2 I‟d like the blue jacket, please? Can you try it on? - “ ”

A Yes, you would B Yes, you must C Yes, certainly D Yes, you do

3 “Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift, Tom ” _ Tom: “ _”

A Thank you B Cheers C Have a good day D You are welcome

4 Alice: “How about having a drive to the countryside this weekend?” - Mary:

“ _.”

A Not at all B That‟s a good idea C No, thanks

D Let‟s go

5 An: “Do you think it will rain?” - Binh: “ Oh! ”

A I don‟t hope so B I don‟t hope C It‟s hopeless D I hope not

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others

6 a village b dangerous c gossip d passenger

9 a iron b celebrate c parents d restaurant

11 a friend b anniversary c birthday d cream

question

14 a there b than c thought d though

Choose the word whose primary stress is different from others

16 a biologist b counterpart c compliment d

kindergarten

17 a applicant b maximum c category d inflation

d expedition

19 a simple b polite c formal d instant

20 a beautiful b terrific c wonderful d marvelous

21 a conical b different c romantic d careful

22 a cultural b mischievous c interesting d

responsible

24 a hospital b obedient c supportive d biology

D WRITING

Note:

Ex: She let me (use) - her pen

Students have to (wear) - uniform when going to school

My mother permitted me (go) - out with my friends

I was allowed (go) - out with my friends

She doesn‟t allow (smoke) - in her room

EXERCISE

1 Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it

A B C D

2 The telephone rang several times and then stop before I could answer it

A B C D

3 Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten years

4 I have seen lots of interesting places when I went on holiday last summer

Let + O + V1: để cho ai làm việc gì Have to / has to + V1: phải Allow / permit + O + to-inf: cho phép ai làm việc gì Allow / permit + V-ing: cho phép

Be allowed / permitted + to-inf: được cho phép

A B C D

5 I think it‟s time you change your way of living

A B C D

6 When I‟m shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadn‟t met for five years

A B C D

7 The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant

8 We‟ll be cycled to Hoa‟s village at this time next Sunday

A B C D

9 What will you do when your friends won‟t come ?

A B C D

10 Some was knocking at the door when I was doing the washing up

A B C D

E LANGUAGE FOCUS

1 PRONUNCIATION:

* Cách phát âm của –s / -es

- Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng

* đọc thành âm /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / p, f, k, t, θ /

* đọc thành âm /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/

* đọc thành âm /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại

- Examples:

* /s/: maps, books, hats, coughs, laughs, photographs …

* /iz/: buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes…

* /z/: bells, eyes, plays …

Note: Các từ: photograph, cough, laugh có âm cuối là âm /f/

2 GRAMMAR: TENSES

1 Hiện tại đơn (Simple present)

* Công thức:

V thường to be

S + don’t / doesn’t + V1 S + am not / isn’t / aren’t … Wh- + do / does + S + V1…? Wh - + S + is / are …?

* Cách dùng:

- Chỉ thói quen ở hiện tại

Ex: She usually gets up at 6 a.m

- Chỉ sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý

Ex: Water freezes at 0 degree centigrade

- Chỉ hành động trong tương lai được đưa vào chương trình, kế hoạch

Ex: The new school year begins on September 5th

* Dấu hiệu:

every (every day, every week, every night,… ) often, sometimes, usually, always, frequently, normally,

occasionally, as a rule……

twice a week, once a week…

2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present progressive)

* Công thức:

S + am / is / are + V-ing

S + am / is are + not + V-ing

Wh- + am / is / are + S + V-ing…?

* Cách dùng:

- Chỉ hành động đang diễn ra trong lúc nói

Ex: Listen! Someone is knocking at the door

I am studying English now

- Chỉ hành động dự kiến và có kế hoạch thực hiện trong tương lai gần

Ex: We are having a birthday party next week

- Chỉ hành động có tính chất tạm thời

Ex: Everyday she goes to work by car, but today she is going by train

- Với chữ always đế diễn tả một hành động làm bực bội người khác, hay một lời

phàn nàn…

Ex: He is always talking in the class

- Hai hành động xảy ra song song ở hiện tại

Ex: She is cooking dinner while her husband is watching T.V now

* Dấu hiệu:

- Câu bắt đầu bằng một mệnh lệnh như: Listen!, Look!, Pay attention!, Keep silent!

Be quiet! Be careful

hoặc các từ: now, right now, at the moment, at present, today, while,

next…(chỉ một dự định)

3 Hiện tại hoàn thành (Present perfect):

* Công thức:

S + have / has + V3/-ed

S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/-ed Wh- + have / has + S + V3/-ed…?

* Cách dùng:

- Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không có thời gian xác định

Ex: I haven‟t met him before

- Chỉ hành động vừa mới xảy ra, hay vừa mới hoàn tất

Ex: She has just finished her homework

- Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai

Ex: My father has worked in this company for 10 years

* Dấu hiệu:

never, ever, recently (gần đây), lately (mới đây), just (vừa mới), already (đã rồi)

since + mốc thời gian: từ, từ khi

for + khoảng thời gian,

so far, up to now, up to the present, until now: cho tới bây giờ

before (trước đây), yet, (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi)

many times, several times: nhiều lần

how long, this is the first time / the second time, four times , five times…

in the last / past + số năm in the last five years: trong năm năm qua

4 Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

* Công thức:

S + have / has + been + V-ing

S + haven’t / hasn’t + been + V-ing Wh- + have / has + S + been + V-ing …?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai nhưng nhấn mạnh sự liên tục của hành động

Ex: I’ve been working here for ten years now

* Dấu hiệu: for + khoảng thời gian + now,

5 Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past)

* Công thức:

V thường to be

S + V2/-ed S + was / were …

S + didn’t + V1 S + wasn’t / weren’t …

Wh- + did + S + V1…? Wh - + S + was / were …?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt ở thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

Ex: We bought this car two years ago

- Một thói quen trong quá khứ

Ex: When I was young, I often went swimming with my friends in this river

- Một chuỗi hành động trong quá khứ

Ex: I entered the room, turned on the light, went to the kitchen and had dinner

* Dấu hiệu:

yesterday ( yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon,…….)

last _ ( last year, last night, last week, last month….)

_ ago ( two years ago, many months ago, ten minutes

ago….)

in + year in the past ( một năm nào đó trong quá khứ: in 1999, in

2001…)

in the past, in the old times, …: trước đây, ngày xưa

6 Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past continuous):

* Công thức:

S + was / were + V-ing

S + was / were + not + V-ing

Wh- + was / were + S + V-ing…?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

Ex: What were you doing at 7 pm yesterday?

- Một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xảy ra cắt

ngang

Ex: Mai was watching TV when I came home

- Hai hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ

Ex: While her mother was cooking dinner, her father was reading books

* Dấu hiệu:

At + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ

At this/ that time + thời gian trong quá khứ Khi hai mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng chữ when hoặc while…

Note: Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: hành động ngắn dùng quá khứ đơn; hành

động dài dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn

Last night, when they were having dinner, she entered their room

7 Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect)

* Công thức:

S + had + V3/-ed

S + hadn’t + V3/-ed Wh- + had + S + V3/-ed…?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ

Ex: He had left the house before she came

- Một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

Ex: We had had lunch by two o‟clock yesterday

By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels

* Dấu hiệu: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian trong quá

khứ

Note: Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: hành động trước dùng QKHT, hành động sau

dùng QKĐ

Ex: She had finished her work before she went out

8 Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:

* Công thức:

S + had been + V-ing

S + hadn’t been + V-ing Wh- + had + S + been + V-ing …?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ nhưng nhấn mạnh đến tính liên tục của hành động

Ex: We had been waiting for two hours before she came

* Dấu hiệu: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian trong quá

khứ

9 Tương lai đơn (Simple future):

* Công thức:

S + will / shall + V1

S + won’t / shan’t + V1 Wh- + will / shall + S + V1…?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai (không có dự tính)

Ex: - They will come here next week

- The football match will be over at 7 o‟clock

- Một lời đề nghị hay một yêu cầu (ở thể nghi vấn)

Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me?

- Một quyết định đưa ra vào thời điểm nói

Ex: The bag is very heavy – I‟ll help you

* Dấu hiệu:

next… ( next week, next month, … ), someday, tomorrow, soon, in + năm trong tương lai, in the future …

Note: Để diễn tả một hành động có dự định hay một dự đoán trong tương lai, ta có thể dùng BE GOING TO + V1:

S + am / is / are + going to + V1

Ex: - Why do you buy a lot of suger? – I‟m going to make a cake

- Look at those clouds! It is going to rain

10 Tương lai tiếp diễn (Future continuous):

* Công thức:

S + will / shall + be + V-ing

S + won’t / shan’t + be + V-ing Wh- + will / shall + S + be + V-ing …?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai

Ex: - At 9a.m tomorrow, we will be studying Math

* Dấu hiệu:

at + giờ trong tương lai (at 10 p.m tomorrow, at 7 pm tonight…)

at this time + thời gian tương lai (at this time next summer, at this time next

month …)

11 Tương lai hoàn thành (Future perfect):

* Công thức:

S + will have + V3/-ed

S + won’t have + V3/-ed Wh- + will + S + have + V3/-ed…?

* Cách dùng:

- Một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời điểm hay một hành động khác trong tương

lai

Ex: By lunch time, I will have typed five letters

Before you go home tonight, I will have prepared dinner

* Dấu hiệu:

by + mốc thời gian, by the time, before …

EXERCISE

I Pronunciation:

3 A sees B sports C pools D trains

8 A shoots B grounds C concentrates D forests

10 A hours B fathers C dreams D thinks

13 A boxes B classes C potatoes D finishes

16 A resources B stages C preserves D focuses

17 A villages B whistles C assures D costumes

18 A offers B mounts C kitchens D words

Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D

1 When I last saw him, he _ in London

A has lived B is living C was living D has been living

2 We _ Dorothy since last Saturday

A don‟t see B haven‟t seen C didn‟t see D hadn‟t seen

3 The train half an hour ago

A has been leaving B left C has left D had left

4 Jack the door

A has just painted B paint C will have painted D painting

5 My sister for you since yesterday

A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked

6 I Texas State University now

A am attending B attend C was attending D attended

7 He has been selling motorbikes

A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years

8 Christopher Columbus _ American more than 500 years ago

A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D had been discovering

9 He fell down when he towards the church

A run B runs C was running D had run

10 We _ there when our father died

A still lived B lived still C was still lived D were still living

11 They table tennis when their father comes back home

A will play B will be playing C play D would play

12 By Christmas, I _ for Mr Smith for six years

A shall have worked B shall work C have been working D shall be working

13 I _ in the room right now

A am being B was being C have been being D am

14 I to New York three times this year

15 I‟ll come and see you before I _ for the States

A leave B will leave C have left D shall leave

16 The little girl asked what _ to her friend

A has happened B was happened C had happened D would have been

happened

17 John a book when I saw him

A is reading B read C was reading D reading

18 Her brother in Canada at present

A working B works C is working D work

19 I to the same barber since last year

A am going B have been going C go D had gone

20 Her father when she was a small girl

A dies B died C has died D had died

21 Almost everyone _ for home by the time we arrived

A leave B left C leaves D had left

22 By the age of 25, he two famous novels

A wrote B writes C has written D had written

23 While her husband was in the army, Mary to him twice a week

A was reading B wrote C was written D had written

24 I have never played badminton before This is the first time I _ to play

A try B tried C have tried D am trying

25 Since _, I have heard nothing from him

A he had left B he left C he has left D he was left

26 After I _ lunch, I looked for my bag

A had B had had C have has D have had

27 By the end of next year, George _ English for two years