Use of english b2 for all exams tb

6 Collocations of the type noun+of+noun Collocations w ith go, come, reach, get Phrasal verbs with come, go and be Words with prepositions miscellaneous Grammar Review: Tenses Words ea

Use of English B2 for all exams

E M outsou

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Use of English B2 for the FCE Examination and other exams is intended fo r B2 level students It system atically eaches gram m ar and vocabulary and prepares students th o ro u g h ly fo r all exams.

" i e FCE Use of English Paper contains fo u r parts and lasts 45 m inutes The task types and the num ber of questions in each part are presented in the fo llo w in g table

This b o o k is d iv id e d in to 15 u nits, fo llo w e d by a Final FCE Test and a Final ECCE Test

~ne v o c a b u la ry and g ra m m a r ta u g h t has been d is trib u te d in 12 u n its (U n its 1-4, 6-9 and 11-14), each o f w h ich

is d iv id e d in to tw o sections In th e firs t se ctio n , in u n its 1,3, 6, 8,11,13 th e re is a se le c tio n o f c o llo c a tio n s and expressions, w h ile in u n its 2 ,4 , 7,9,12,1 4 th e re is a se le c tio n o f p re p o s itio n a l phrases Phrasal verbs, w o rd s ith p re p o sitio n s, g ra m m a tic a l s tru c tu re s and key w o rd tra n s fo rm a tio n s are p re se n te d and p ra ctise d in all 12

- n its This se ctio n ends w ith tw o exercises w h ic h are s im ila r in fo rm a t to tasks in th e FCE Use o f English paper and ECCE G ram m ar and V o c a b u la ry sections, b u t w h ic h te s t o n ly th e ite m s ta u g h t in th e c o rre s p o n d in g un it

In th e second se ctio n , a n u m b e r o f g ro u p s o f ea sily co n fu se d w o rd s and d e riv a tiv e s are p re se n te d and

practised, fo llo w e d by tw o exercises w h ic h te s t o n ly th e item s ta u g h t in th e c o rre s p o n d in g u n it

U nits 5,10 and 15 are c o n s o lid a tio n u n its w h ic h revise th e m a te ria l p re v io u s ly ta u g h t Each o f th e m is a c tu a lly

a co m p le te Use o f English P ractice Test fo llo w in g th e e xa ct fo rm a t o f th e FCE/ECCE e xa m in a tio n s, b u t te s tin g

o n ly th e ite m s ta u g h t in th e fo u r u n its p re ce d in g it

The Final FCE Test and Final ECCE Test are m o d e lle d on th e C a m b rid g e Use o f English Paper and on th e

G ram m ar and V o c a b u la ry se ctio n s o f th e U n iv e rs ity o f M ich ig a n E xa m in a tio n fo r th e ECCE

The re fe re n ce se ctio n at th e end o f th e b o o k in clu d e s an o v e rv ie w o f English G ram m ar, v o c a b u la ry notes

w ith d e fin itio n s o f e asily co n fu se d w ords, exam tip s and th re e a ppen dices These a p p e n d ice s a lp h a b e tic a lly present p re p o s itio n a l phrases, w o rd s w ith p re p o s itio n s and d e riva tive s

The Teacher’s B ook co n sists o f tw o sections The fir s t se c tio n is th e S tu d e n t's Book w ith th e answ ers

o v e rp rin te d The second se ctio n in clu d e s notes fo r th e te a c h e r and th re e p h o to c o p ia b le Revision Tests w ithKey

Section 1 Section 2

U N I T 1 p 6 Collocations of the type noun+of+noun Collocations w ith go, come, reach, get

Phrasal verbs with come, go and be

Words with prepositions (miscellaneous) Grammar Review: Tenses

Words easily confused (mainly related to the topics of w ork and employment)

Introduction to Derivatives

UNIT 2 p 16 Prepositional phrases of tim e and place Phrasal verbs w ith get, p u ll and throw

Words with prepositions (miscellaneous) Grammar Review: Relative Clauses-Clauses

UNIT 3 p 26 Expressions w ith day, year and time Collocations w ith hold, run, catch and keep

Phrasal verbs w ith look, check, watchand

show

Words w ith prepositions (miscellaneous) Grammar Review: Adverbs-Comparisons- Articles-Uncountables

Words easily confused (mainly related to the topics of people and education)

Adjectives in -al, -y, -ous, -ly (+adverbs) and nouns in -hood deriving from noun roots

UNIT 4 p 36 Prepositional phrases (miscellaneous) Phrasal verbs w ith keep, hold, catch, carry,

Words with prepositions (miscellaneous) Grammar Review: Determiners-Pronouns

Words easily confused (mainly related to the topics of travel and tourism)

Adjectives in -ic, -ical, verbs in -ise and nouns in -ist, -ian, -dom deriving from noun roots

UNIT 5 p , 4 6 Consolidation I (Units 1-4)

UNIT 6 P so Collocations with do Collocations with break, change, cut, turn and make

UNIT 7 p 60 Prepositional phrases (miscellaneous), linking phrases

Phrasal verbs with break, burn, cut and turn

Words w ith prepositions (miscellaneous) Grammar Review: Modal Verbs

UNIT 8 p 70 Collocations with leave, put, set, shake, miss and lose

Collocations/Expressions w ith way

Sentence linkers

Phrasal verbs w ith put, lay, set, settle

Words w ith prepositions (miscellaneous) Grammar Review: Passive Voice

UNIT 9 P so Prepositional phrases (miscellaneous) Phrasal verbs with mix, run, hang, fall, hurry

Common negative prefixes

Words easily confused (mainly related to the topic of thinking)

Verbs in -en and nouns in -ness, -nee, -ncy, -cy deriving from adjective roots

Words easily confused (mainly related to the topic of communication)

Verbs in -ise and nouns in -ity, -hood deriving from adjective roots

Words easily confused (miscellaneous) Inflections of nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs

Section 1 Section 2 UNIT 10 p 90 Consolidation II (Units 6-9)

UNIT 11 p 94 Collocations with follow, have, take, give,

Phrasal verbs with take, close, knock, clean,

Words with prepositions (miscellaneous) Grammar Review: Clauses of concession, reason, purpose and result

Words easily confused (mainly related to the topics of crime and punishment)

Adjectives in -able, -ible, -ent, -ant and nouns

in -ery, -ence, -ance, -ant deriving from verb roots

UNIT 12 p 104 Prepositional phrases (miscellaneous)

Phrasal verbs with bring, give, hand, burst and blow

Words w ith prepositions (miscellaneous) Grammar Review: Conditionals

Words easily confused (mainly related to the topics of health and illness)

Nouns in -ion, -ation, adjectives in -ive, -ative and nouns in -al deriving from verb roots

UNIT 13 p 114 Adjective + Noun Collocations

Collocations with say and tell Idiomatic expressions with all Phrasal verbs with lie, stand, sit, save,

Words with prepositions (miscellaneous) Grammar Review: Unreal Past

Words easily confused (miscellaneous) Nouns in -ment, -ure, -er, or and -ee deriving from verb roots

UNIT 14 p 124 Prepositional phrases (miscellaneous)

Phrasal verbs with call, speak, tell and count

Words w ith prepositions (miscellaneous) Grammar Review: Reported Speech

Words easily confused (miscellaneous) Irregular Derivatives

Adjectives and nouns deriving from the name of a country or continent

Adverbs and pronouns ending in -body, -one, -thing,

-where, -how, -ever and -self

UNIT 15 p 134 Consolidation III (Units 11-14)

Final FCE Test 138

Final ECCE Test 142

Grammar R e v i e w 147

Vocabulary N o t e s 165

Exam T i p s 171

Appendix I: Prepositional P h ra s e s 173

Appendix II: Words with Prepositions 174

Appendix III: Derivatives 176

Teacher’s Notes 185

Revision Test 1 186

Revision Test I I 190

Revision Test III 194

Key to Tests 198

to sleep rid of ready the sack

in handy

getgoreachgetget

revengered

an agreementlost

the job

getgetgetgoget

on sb’s nerves off sb’s back down to business over the top even with

B Complete the sentences with the collocations / expressions in the box below Use each one only once.

in somebody’s shoes on top of in search of on the safe side in charge of in trouble with

1 Mr Johnson is in charge of the company’s marketing department

2 People who system atically cheat the tax system will one day b e in trouble with the Tax Department.

on the safe side

3 The doctor insisted that I should be given a thorough check-up just to be

4 The children wandered around the neighbourhood in search of

5 Nobody would want to b e in his shoes _ _ pot with all those debts he has to pay off

their lost dog

6 After weeks of hard work, Kevin was confident he was finally on top of the situation.

C Complete the collocations b e lo w with the w ords in the box You may use some of the w ords more than once In some cases m ore than one w ord may be correct.

bar bunch can clap flash flock pair pint set sheet swarm tube

of paper o f soap pair of sunglasses flock of birds tube of toothpaste

pairflock

of scissors

of sheep set of rules claP of thunder swarm of bees

Read the sentences on the left and match the phrasal verbs with their definitions on the right b y writing the correct num ber in the box next to each definition.

A COME

1 While cleaning the basement, I came across something I thought I had lost

years ago

2 Joe cam e into a lot of money, which changed his life completely

3 Why doesn’t Julie come round to our place anymore?

4 The scientists took months to come up with a solution to their problem

5 Richard came down with a bad cold the day before his exams

6 It took the woman a few minutes tocom e round/to after she had fainted

3 stop by, visit

2 inherit

1 find by chance

6 regain consciousness

5 betaken ill with

4 think of and suggest

unit 0 1

move / travel around, visitmatch

explodestart sthcontinue doingturn sour, start to decayexamine / discuss in detailsuffer

happen

Words with Prepositions

B GO

1 They decided to go ahead w ith th e ir trip despite the bad w eather conditions.

2 Once you have finished cleaning, you can g o o n w ith yo ur job

3 The d o cto r w anted to go over the test results w ith his patient.

4 That tie goeswith yo ur suit nicely.

5 Luckily no one was injured w hen the bom b went off.

6 W hile visiting Rome, we went round all the m ajor archaeological sites.

7 The child went through a lo t before recovering com pletely.

8 The m ilk went off a fte r o nly an hour in the scorching heat.

9 W hat’s going on in there? Open the door!

C BE

1 What's on this weekend at the theatre?

2 We were prom ised th a t the hard tim es w ould be over soon.

3 I was about to leave home w hen some unexpected visitors arrived.

4 I'm for the m ayor's plan to relocate the tow n hall.

5 W hat are the boys up to? Don’t te ll me th e y ’re ruinin g the garden again!

6 I m ust be off now My parents are expecting me fo r dinner.

A Complete the blanks with prepositions.

experienced in an exDert o n / i n / a t concentrate o n sth provide sb w i t h sth

happv for sb (take)D ride in conaratulate sb o n sth provide sth f o r sb

h a o D V w i t h / a b o u t s t h a reDlv t0 cooperate w ith sb succeed in

D r o u d ° f a reDort on deal w i t h supply sb w i t h sth

responsible f o r

G Read the following sentences and complete them with prepositions.

1 C ongratulations Rodney! I'm so happy for you and yo ur wife

2 I w ould be m ore than happy to provide you with o ur com pany's catalogue

3 We supply all m ajor com panies with our products

4 She takes great pride in her w ork That's w hy she's the best in her field

5 The gove rn m e nt w ill provide housing for the homeless

6 You shouldn't be proud of yourself W hat you did was w rong!

7 The gove rn m e nt supplied food and m edicine to the victim s of the hurricane

8 The jo u rn a lis t was praised for his report on the sta rvin g children o f Africa

unit 0 1

Grammar Revision (Tenses)

See Grammar Review page 147 ^

Read the text below and complete each blank with one word All missing

words are auxiliary verbs (is, was, have, has, had, do, does, did etc.).

My life (1 ) has im proved a lo t since last year You see, before

th a t I ( 2 ) _ been w orking in the same jo b fo r five years and

I ( 3 ) was beginning to feel rather bored I ( 4 ) was

g e ttin g ready to apply fo r another jo b w hen one day my boss called me into her office "Our com pany

( 5 ) _ planning to expand overseas," she said "We ( 6 ) _^

w ith Spain, th erefore we w ill ( 7 ) _be

branch there ( 8 ) ^

th in k in g of startingneeding some of o ur best em ployees to su p p o rt o ur new

the tim e I (9) did

you th in k you w ould be interested in a transfer?" N aturally I accepted, a lthough at _ not know th at th ey ( 1 0 ) _ also going to prom ote me

to assistant manager

By the end of this m onth, I w ill have (11)

exciting m y life (1 2 ) has

been living in M adrid fo r a year You can't im agine howbecome

B Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple, Past Progressive, Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect

fo r w hile yet still w hen ago already since

s h e came (com e) into the kitchen, she co u ld n 't believe her eyes!

2 Jim: Mum I ° iafen lo oking (look) for m y black belt

seen

for(not fin d) i t Have

the past hou r and you

Mother: No, but I th in k you

(see) it anywhere?

Ie ri (lend) it to your b ro the r about a week ago

Jim: Oh, yo u ’re rig h t He hasn't ciyen/didrrc give (n o t g (ve) jt back to me I bet he nas been wearing (wear)

it all week Where is he now, Mum?

Mother: I'm afraid M a rk _

H e 90t

.(g e t) up about an hour before you did (do).

3 | have been w orking (w ork) on this p ro je ct

haven’t finished

this m orning but What am I going to te ll m y boss?

& M y sister loves cats /

She loves cats /

M y s is t e r s h e lo v e s c a t s

(Only one subject in each sentence.)

$> There is a b o o k o n the table.

It is Susan’s.

(Use there when m entioning sth fo r the firs t time

Use it fo r sth already mentioned.)

€> T h ey don't have a car / (have = own)

T h ey haven't got a car / (have got = own)

They haven't a car.

® H e has a bath e v e ry morning / (have = take)

H e doesn’t have a bath e v e ry m orning J

H e has- got a bath e v e ry moTning

® Jam es didn't use to sm oke so m uch /

Jam es didn't used to s m o k e s o m u e h

(did/didn’t + bare infinitive)

& I do speak French / (emphasis)

H e does eat snails /

T h e y did bu y a house /

W e did saw the thief.

(do/does/did + bare infinitive)

She has gone to Italy (She is s till there.)

She has been to Italy (She has returned.)

I bought this bik e tw o y ea rs ago /

(Past Simple + ago)

I- h a v e & o u g h tth is bik e -two y e a rs ago.

I b o u g h tth is b tk e t w o y e a r s b e fo r e

I have had this bik e for tw o years /

(Present P erfect+fo r)

Ib a v e th i-sb ik e -lo rtw o y e a r-s.— -

I have had this bik e since 1998 /

(Present Perfect + since + time)

I have had this bik e since I w as sixteen /

(Present Perfect + since + Past Simple)

I have-had this-bike since two years ago »

(Only one tim e word in each sentence.)

I haven't studied for a w eek , (refers to the past: The last time I studiedw as a week ago.)

I have to study for a w eek, (refers to the future: I must study fo ra week before I do sth else.)

I haven't eaten spaghetti for six months /

H o w long is it since h e started working?

& T h e last tim e I s a w h er w a s a y e a r ago.

I last sa w h er a y e a r ago.

I h a v e n ’t seen h e r for a year.

It has b e e n a y e a r since I last s a w her

It is a y e a r since I last sa w her.

Thousands o f years ( 4 ) ago , civilisations ( 5 ) used _ to rely onthe barter system as a way of exchanging goods W ithin this system a person had to exchange one thing

fo r another This m eant th a t the tw o parties involved had to ( 6 ) make/reach _ an agreem ent

as to w hat th e y th o u g h t th e ir products were w orth Items such (7 ) as _wheat,tobacco and livestock have all been used as m oney at one tim e or another It was not u ntil much later

th a t hum ans came up ( 8 ) _ with the idea o f m oney in the fo rm of m etal coins So w hy( 9 ) did _the barter system com e to an end? The answer is simple Coins were m ucheasier to handle and ca rry around Since then, the use of coins has become widespread It has madecom m erce sim pler and has given countries an o p p o rtu n ity (1 0 ) _developm ent

by doing business w ith o the r countries fu rth e r afield, w hich they (11) h^d neverdone business w ith before

In recent years, paper m oney has become m ore com m on all over the w orld, as it is easier to use It(12) ^ not be long, however, before plastic cards take over com pletely, replacingcoins and paper money

6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a sim ilar m eaning to the first sentence, using the w ord given unchanged You must use betw een two and five words, including the w ord given.

1 We last w ent abroad a long tim e ago

n o t yye have not been abroad for a long tim e.

When did th ey s ta rt living in the suburbs?

It's the firs t tim e she has ever had problem s w ith the authorities

4 When Carl was young, he w en t to a holiday cam p e very summer,

used When Carl was young, h e used to go to

w ith the a uth orities before

a holiday camp every summer

5 A fter the earthquake, the gove rn m e nt supplied food and m edicine to the homeless,

provided A fter the earthquake, the g o v e rn m e n t _provided the homeless with _

6 Lucy hasn't visited me since February

was The la s t _ tim e Lucy visited me was in February

.fo o d and m edicine

How long has he had this car?

8 I haven't caught a cold fo r ages,

unit 0 1

Words easily confused

Use the correct form of the words in the boxes to complete the sentences in each group A-H below You may use some of the words more than once In some cases, more than one word may be correct.

jo b occupation w ork e m p lo ym en t profession

1 People in the m e d ic a l profession

3 Betty has been o u t o f

- Employment agencies help people fin d w o rk in th e ir field

5 I was asked to w rite m y present occupation on the a p p lica tion form

B task course d u ty

1 They were set the

2 It is a n u rs e 's _

task o f cleaning the room afte r the m eeting.

duty to make the patients feel com fortable.

3 Her marks are quite high, so she can choose between a m edical o r a la w course at university

em p lo ye r em ployee colleague assistant clerk o ffic e r a tte nd an t

1 The shop assistant

2 The car park

3 All

_ helped me choose a ju m p e r th a t suited me

attendant _ js responsible fo r parking cu stom ers’ cars

employees _ are expected to be at w o rk by 8.30 O u r em ployer

4 Jill w orked as a ( n ) _clerk _

5 All m y colleagues _ at the office are friendly

fo r a law firm before entering politics

6 Bob is a senior officer in the arm ed forces

party gave a speech in the tow n centre last night.

at our school have form ed a basketball team

_ had no luck in fin d in g the m issing child, served drinks as the ship set sail

aim goal intention challenge success a m b itio n

challenge and to o k me over an hour to solve.

1 The Maths problem was a ( n ) _

2 T h e _ aim/goal 0f e nvironm ental organisations is to stop environm ental d estruction

unit 0 1

3 People w ith am bition

4 Their firs t album was a great

5 I have no intention

w ill always try to achieve th eir goalssuccess and sold tw o m illion copies w orldw ide.

of changing my plans fo r to n ig h t

achieve fu lfil cope

1 J o h n _ succeeded jn co nvincin g his boss to give him the day off

2 He doesn’t deal/cope w ith crisis situations ve ry well

3 Despite his health problem s, J o e fulfilled _his am b itio n to play in the local fo otba ll team

deal face succeed

4 The Johnstons are facing financial d iffic u ltie s a fte r Mrs Johnston lost her job

5 Kim put a lo t of w o rk into her p ro je ct and

6 During his career as a teacher, he h a s _

achieved excellent results.

dealt w ith students from d iffe re n t backgrounds.

m anage run operate undertake

1 You have to read the instru ction s ca re fully before y o u operate

2 Brett co uldn 't fin d experienced staff so h e _

3 Kate was supposed t o _undertake _ tra in in g of the new staff

4 The com pany is managed/run _ by tw o people w ho share the responsibilities

the pho toco p yin g machine

his business on his own fo r a few months

H skills q ualities q ua lifica tio n s experience

1 To get the jo b you m ust have three years’ experience in te leco m m un icatio ns and the necessary

qualifications ., one o f w hich is a u n ive rsity degree.

2 Leadership qualities are required by a Prime Minister, as w ell as c o m m u n ic a tio n

3 Learning to w in d s u rf was a fa n ta s tic experience _ |

skills

A Look at the sentences below What part of speech (verb, noun, adjective or adverb) is each of the words

in bold type?

unit 0 1

Each part of speech has a d iffe re n t fu n c tio n in the sentence

n u m describe actions, events, feelings o r situations

(e.g The tw o patterns differ from each other.)

refer to people, animals, things, actions, situations or ideas

(e.g There is a difference between the tw o patterns.)

2 describe the qualities o f nouns

(e.g This pattern is different from th a t one.)

describe verbs, adjectives, o ther adverbs, phrases or w hole sentences,

(e.g The tw o patterns have been differently designed.)

JECTIVES

VERBS

A lot of English w ords can be used as roots fo r the fo rm a tio n of o ther words, w hich are called derivatives

Most adverbs, fo r instance, are form ed by adding the ending -ly to the root adjective

B Choose the correct word A, B or C to complete the following sentences.

• The zoo's main _ attraction are the pandas

A a ttra c tiv e ly B a ttractive ( c )a ttra c tio n

2 The teacher w a s _angry w ith the stu de nt because he d id n ’t do his hom ew ork

A anger (B Jangry C a ng rily

3 Before I set o ff on my journey, my fa th e r to ld me to d r iv e _safely

A safe B safety (c )s a fe ly

4 What's t h e _difference between increase and decrease?

A difference B d iffe re n tly C d iffe re n t

5 I hired a _ photographer to take pictures at my wedding

A) p ho tographer B p h o tog rap hy C p hotographic

6 Despite his age, he leads an active life

A a c tiv ity B acting ( ^ a c t iv e

7 She com pleted the p r o je c t successfully _ and was prom oted

A success (B )su cce ssfu lly C successful

C Read the sentences below and decide what part of speech is missing Then, complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.

1 I love sittin g on my new sofa It’s so (Part of speech: adjective _ ) _ com fortable COMFORT

2 She chose light-coloured fu rn itu re to (Part o f speech: ve|-b ) _brighten _ _ BRIGHT

up her dull flat

3 It’s ce rta inly (Part of speech: adjective ) dangerous tQ drjve gt hjgh speed DANGER

4 August is a (Part of speech: adjective ) peaceful m onth in o ur city, as PEACE everyone is away on holiday

noun robber

unit O f

5 The (Part o f speech: _

stole £ 2 0 0 0 0 0

6 N obody could fin d the (Part o f speech:

d iffic u lt Maths problem

7 Even th ou gh th ey had financial d ifficulties, th ey were (Part o f speech:

My firs t (1)^ job was as a sales (2)_ assistant

I w anted to w ork part-tim e, because I was s till studying (3)

( 4 ) _ able to w ork a few nights a week.

at

I came (5) across the advertisem ent in the local

newspaper I rem em ber the in te rvie w as though

(6 ) I! _ were yesterday The personnel

m anager sat behind a large desk He asked me various questions

w hich surprised me because all I w anted was to w ork in sales An hour

later, I was to ld th a t I had g o t the jo b and was given a co n tra ct to go

(7 ) over _ I was to be trained fo r ten days before i

to o k m y post Also, as a m em ber of (8 ) s ta ff

I was e ntitle d to some benefits, including discounts

When I eventually started, I was responsible (9)_ for

at a large d e p artm en t store _u n ive rsity and I was only

the to y section I really enjoyed it thereand I loved dem on stratin g the d iffe re n t toys I was surprised at how frie n d ly m y (10) _

were, too They made w orking there fun even when we had to (11) deal with

colleaguescustom ers who(12) got

on o ur nerves On the whole, w orking there was a great experience w hich I w ill neverforget

1 A occupation B job C w ork D em ploym ent

2 A em ployee B atte nd an t C o ffic e r ( d ) assistant

Complete the text below with the correct form of the words in capitals.

AN UNUSUAL OUTING

SUGGEST AMUSE FAVOUR NOISE NORMAL LUCK HELP

APOLOGY ANGER DECIDE

Last week I made a (1) _ suggestion tQ m y C0USjn A |ex 0f f e rjng to

take him to an (2 ) amusement park He was ve ry excited because it

was his (3 ) _ favourite place However, fro m the m om ent I picked

him up, he was ve ry ( 4 ) _ noisy w hich surprised me since

his behaviour was (5 ) _ normally ve ry d jfferent, At one point,

w hile w aiting to get on a ride, he disappeared ( 6 ) Luckily _

the manager, w ho was ve ry (7 ) _ helpful _ found him an hour

later am ongst a crowd Apparently, Alex had seen a fam ous basketball player and

w anted his autograph He ( 8 ) apologised _ to me immecjiate ly but I

was so ( 9 ) _ angry _at him th at we left It was then th a t I made

the (10 ) decision never to take Alex o u t again.

Prepositional Phrases

A Com plete the blanks with the prepositions in, on or at.

B Read the sentences and com plete them with the prepositions in, on or at.

1 My brother is working part-time at the hospital.

2 There is a TV set in the corner of the room.

3 Jam es sits at the front of the class.

4 They went on a boat ride on the river.

5 Hom eless people sleep in/ ° n the streets of most m ajor cities.

6 He had to stay in hospital for a w eek after his operation.

7 My girlfriend is waiting for me at/on the corner.

8 The robbers parked their car in front of the bank.

C Read the sentences and com plete them with the prepositions in, on, at, by, for, from or out.

1 You can hand in your assignm ents on Tuesday at the very latest.

2 A tattoo is for life So, think carefully before deciding on having one done.

3 Kick-off is in twenty m inutes, so in the meantime, do your warm-up exercises.

4 ln the beginning, I didn’t want to have a party on/for my birthday, but now I’ve changed my mind.

5 Typewriters are already out of date.

6 You should read the introduction at the beginning of the book.

7 From now on, no one is allowed to enter the school building during the lunch break.

8 I haven’t seen Michael for aaes so I’m going to visit him at the weekend.

9 It’s a pity I have to remain indoors on such a nice day.

10 I can ’t talk to you at the moment Ring me back in a while.

11 It’s difficult to see the moon in the sky by day.

12 I’m really worried about Sam He should have been here by now.

MB&

unit 0 2

2 escape

5 overcome

4 manage to live

1 have a good relationship

3 avoid being punished

3 get rid of sth unwanted

1 demolish

2 move closer to the side

of the road and stop (for vehicles)

Words with Prepositions

Read the sentences on the left and match the phrasal verbs with their

correct number in the box next to each definition

A GET

1 Joe was a fussy person and difficult to get on / along with.

2 The police surrounded the building, making it difficult for the criminals

to get away.

3 He always gets away with his bad behaviour.

4 A large percentage of the population get by on very little money.

5 It took Betty months to get over her father’s death.

A Complete the blanks with prepositions.

on the right b y w riting the

a d e sc rip tio n of d is tin a u is h betw een rem in d sb of/about sth

a fa ilu re in e x p e rim e n t with s th (=tell sb again to do sth)

B Read the follo w in g sentences and com plete them w ith prepositions

1 Must I always remind you a b o u t/o f n e e c j t0 follow the proper procedure?

2 I haven’t heard from Lisa for over two weeks now.

3 The police released a description of the wanted man.

4 The park was crowded w ith enthusiastic teenagers celebrating the end of the school year.

5 There must be a solution _ t0 your problem.

6 “I’m a failure in _ life,” declared the famous actor to his adoring fans.

7 In some cultures staring at _ people is considered offensive.

unit 0 2

8 Have you heard about the latest m edical discovery?

9 A final search for evidence at the scene of the crim e proved fruitless

10 You remind me of m yself w hen I was yo ur age.

Grammar Revision (Relative Clauses - Clauses of Time)

S ee G r a m m a r R e v ie w p a g e 148

A R e a d th e t e x t b e lo w a n d c o m p le te e a c h b la n k w i t h o n e w o r d A l l th e m is s in g w o r d s a re r e la t iv e p r o n o u n :

o r a d v e rb s

M arilyn M onroe, (1) _who _ was one of the w o rld ’s m ost fam ous film stars, was born in 1926

M arilyn, ( 2 ) whose real name was Norma Jean Baker, had a m iserable childhood She grew up

in Los Angeles, ( 3 ) where she spent m ost of her early years in foster homes T hat’s

( 4 ) why she still fe lt lonely even w hen she became famous She w orked as a m odel and also

played m inor roles in various film s before m aking "N iagara”, the film ( 5 ) w hich/that made her very

popular In 1954 she m arried Joe di Maggio, w ith (6) whom She e ntertained Am erican troopsfig h tin g in Korea She w ent on to make m any film s, some o f ( 7 ) which were ve ry successful sue

as “Some Like it H ot”, “Gentlemen Prefer Blondes” and “ Bus Stop” Her film career ended tra g ic a lly in 1962,

( 8 ) when she died at the age of th irty six

B C h o o s e A, B, C o r D to c o m p le te th e f o llo w in g s e n te n c e s

1 As Celia was d riving to the a irp o rt, she realised th a t she had le ft her passport at home

A As soon as C§)As C D uring D Until

2 I w ill have finished s tu d y in g by the tim e the film starts

A u ntil B w hile © b y the tim e D once

3 The audience started c la p p in g _ the m om ent the singer came on stage

A by the tim e (JB)the m om en t C w hile D ju st

4 Peter w on ’t le a v e until _ he has finished all his work

5 I haven’t heard fro m h im since we finished school

A before B as soon as C afte r © s i n c e

6 Jane was w o rkin g as a jo u rn a lis t while _she was w ritin g her firs t book

A durin g © w h i l e C ju s t as D once

7 My m oth er used to c r y whenever she heard this song

A by the tim e B the m om en t th a t © w h e n e v e r D until

8 The police o ffic e r returned my d riv in g lic e n c e _ after he had checked it

A ju s t as B until C w hile (D )a fte r

9 She burst o u t la u g h in g as soon as she saw the clown

© a s s o o n a s B since C u ntil D w hile

10 By the tim e we g o t back to the hotel, it was already dark

A The m om ent th a t B As soon as © B y the tim e D Once

& My brother, who j^fis a chemical engineer, works

for a multinational company, (sub je ct: who)

Jennifer’s brother, who you met at her party last

week, is an engineer, (o b je ct: w ho)

the relative clause.)

€> Ann’s father, who/whom we met last week, is ill /

Ann-’s father, that w e -meHastweekris-rtl- -

(That is n o t used in n o n -d e fin in g relative clauses.)

& The man with whom she is talking is her

& The room where he works is small /

The room in which he works is small /

The room (which/that) he works in is small./ The-foem-in w here he-works is-smaB. T-he-foem where he-works-in is-smalt - Tke-i ©©in-in-that- fre-works-fe small.— »

P I have 3,000 stamps, some of which are valuable /

I-haw-3^€>©sta¥»psrS©me-©Hhat:'are'va±uabie.'

(expressions o f q u a n tity+ w h o m /w h ich /w h o se )

> When I grow up, I want to become a dentist / Wherrf-will grow -u-pi-f-warrt-iaberomeadenttst:^

He said he would call as soon as he returned / Iie-said-ii*.would^ail»aS'-se©H-a-ske-wouklretuFH,

> I visited two museums while I was on holiday /

I visited two museums during my holiday / Ivisite^frwe-m-Hsettms-dwingl-wasonh-olid-ay:- —

(du rin g + n ou n)

Key Transformations

& Students who wish to go on the day-trip should

write their names on this list.

Students wishing to go on the day-trip should write

their names on this list.

@ She always did her homework first and then she

She would never watch TV before she did / had

done her homework.

She always watched TV after doing / having done

her homework.

She always watched TV after she did / had done her homework.

& I will sign the document when I read / have read it.

I will sign the document after I read / have read it.

I won’t sign the document before I read / have read it.

I won’t sign the document until I read / have read it.

< q Andrew left after/before breakfast.

Andrew left after/before having (had) breakfast Andrew left after/before he (had) had breakfast.

unit 0 2

Examination Practice

A Choose the correct answer.

1 The Smiths b u ilt a huge house

d are com ing

3 The man who is sitting jn the fro n t row is

Mrs Davidson's nephew

(a.) w ho is sittin g b w here is sittin g

c w ho sittin g d th a t sittin g

4 ■■ From now 0 n, y OU w on 't be allowed to use

yo ur m obile phones at school!" the headm aster w arned

a w hen you w ill pay b when you pay

c when you are paying d durin g you pay

7 There are people w ho m anage to get by

10 "What did you do on Saturday?"

"We visited the tow n where o ur g randfather grew up

a w hich b th at( c ) w here d when

B Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given unchanged You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

1 Here’s the house w here I lived as a child

in Here’s the h o u s e _ in which I lived _ as a child

2 I don ’t know w ha t made her q u it her job

reason I d on ’t know the reason why she q u it her job.

3 Passengers w ishing to get up can do so a fte r the seat belt lig h t has gone off

who Passengers _who wish to get up can do so after the seat belt light has gone i

4 He d id n ’t study enough fo r his exams, so he failed tw o of them

caused He did n ’t study enough fo r his exam s which caused him to fail _ t wo o f them

5 He always checked his car tyres before setting o ff on a journey

until He never set o ff on a jo u rn e y until he (had) checked _ his car tyres

6 I’ve read all o f Jane Austen’s novels and there were o nly a couple th a t I d id n ’t enjoy

most I’ve read all of Jane A usten’s n o ve ls, most of which _ I enjoyed.

7 Dr W illiam s is a ca rd io lo g ist and has his surgery on the second floor.

whose Dr W illiam s, whose surgery is on t he second floor, is a ca rdiologist.

8 Last week Phil to o k p art in a spelling c o m p e titio n and won firs t prize,

in Phil won firs t prize in a spelling com petition (that/w hich) he took part in/in which he took part |ast week.

unit 0 2

.Vords easily confused

se th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f th e w o r d s i n th e b o x e s to c o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s i n e a c h g ro u p A-G b e lo w Y o u m a y s e so m e o f th e w o r d s m o r e t h a n o n c e I n s o m e cases, m o r e t h a n o n e w o r d m a y b e c o rr e c t

look see w atch notice regard stare glance observe

11 Ve spent weeks in A f r ic a _ observing _ the way lions catch th e ir prey

; Did y o u _ see/notice _ the tie he was wearing? It had pink elephants on it!

3 "h e students regarded/watched/observed the new teacher w ith curiosity

4 - w a y s look left and then rig h t before crossing the road

5 Don’t _ stare at people like that! It’s really rude

■ saw/watched a great science fic tio n film last night

~ Before I bou gh t the m agazine, I glanced/looked th ro ug h it quickly

IB I couldn’t h e lp noticing the big red spots on his face

glanced/looked at his watch and started running He was late fo r school

find out invent discover detect

Many serious illnesses may be cured if th ey a r e detected _ early enough

2 We m u s t find out as m uch as we can a bo ut the gang,” said the detective

3 Was it Captain Cook w h o _ discovered Australia?

■t The firs t camera, the Kodak 1, w a s invented _ by G Eastman in 1888

explore investigate look for look up (do) research

• The police came t o _ investigate _the m urde r im m ediately

2 I still h a v e research to do fo r my p ro je ct on sharks

3 I m u s t look up this w ord in the d ictionary, because I don ’t rem em ber w hat it means

4 Mum, I’m _ looking for m y trainers Have you seen them?

5 As soon as the five friends g o t to the cave, th ey decided t o explore it

a tte m p t e ffo rt tria l e xpe rim en t

1 It takes a lo t o f _ effort _ and patience to learn how to play a m usical instrum ent

2 John’s case came t o trial and in the end he was found innocent

3 The athlete failed in his l a s t attem pt _ to break the w o rld record

4 Many cosm etic com panies claim th ey don ’t ca rry o u t experiments on animals

5 I w orked fo r the com pany fo r a ( n ) tna] period of tw o weeks before I was fu lly em ployed

unit 0 2

audience spectators view ers sightseers onlookers witnesses

1 T h e _spectators _ disagreed w ith the referee’s decision and in te rru p te d the fo o tb a ll match

2 The tw o teenagers claim ed th ey were j u s t _ onlookers _and had n othing to do w ith the fig ht

3 Paris attracts thousands o f sightseers all year round

4 At the end of the play, t h e _ audience _ applauded enthusiastically

5 T h e _ witnesses _ were asked to give a detailed description o f the accident

6 The co nce rt was broadcast on TV and attracte d one b illio n viewers w orldw ide

F m em orise rem ind recall recognise

1 I d id n ’t _ recognise her at first She had changed a lot

2 I had t o _ memorise _ his phone num ber because I d id n 't have a pen to w rite it down

3 I’ll ring Dad t o remind _him to buy coffee, otherw ise he’ll forget

4 My g ra nd fa the r can s t i l l _ recall _ scenes of World War II

G view sight image vision scene

1 The sun affects m y vision/sight w hen I’m d riving , so I always wear sunglasses

2 We have a s u p e rb _ view 0f the sea fro m o ur balcony

3 The child started to cry at t h e _ sight _ of the dogs

4 The television show was a bout t h e _ sights _ you can visit in Rome

5 The police arrived at t h e scene _ of the accident w ith in m inutes

6 An a c to r 's _ image js im p o rta n t fo r his career

7 I ran o u t of paint, so I co u ld n ’t finish the sky fo r the b a c k g ro u n d scene jn the play

8 When we were leaving the flo w e r show, we were asked to fill in a questionnaire to give o u r _ views

on w hat we had seen

Derivatives are formed from noun roots, adjective roots and verb roots In this unit we will deal with adjectives, adverbs and nouns which derive from certain noun roots.

Describing a q ua lity or

characteristic (often abstract nouns)

Having enough of th a t q ua lity or characteristic

Not having th a t q u a lity or characteristic

Adverbs Noun + -fully t Adverb = Noun + -lessly

• Some o the r com m on nouns th a t fo rm adjectives and adverbs in the same way are: colour, harm,

• The noun doubt form s the adjective in -ful and the adverb in -fully and in -less

• In some cases o nly one o f the tw o adjectives - and corresponding adverbs ■ derives from the noun root, not both

In the same way: d eligh tfu l, d utifu l, grateful, aimless, effortless, heartless, homeless, nameless, pointless and shapeless.

• The opposite of some adjectives in -ful is un + noun root + ful, not noun root + less.

• Som etim es both adjective form s (noun root + less and un + noun root + ful) derive from the same noun

In such cases the tw o adjectives have d iffe re n t m eanings The adjective fo rm un + noun root + ful is the opposite o f the adjective in -ful.

helpless (= sb w ho needs h elp)

• The opposite of some adjectives in -less is noun root + -y o r noun root + -b le , not noun root + -ful

• Be careful w ith the m eaning of the adjectives derived fro m price

1 Som ebody in a certain position / occupation 1 State of being in certain position / occupation

2 Som ebody having a relationship w ith sb else 2 Relationship betw een tw o people

• Some com m on nouns th a t fo rm nouns in the same w ay as a u th o r are: citizen, leader, m em be r and owner.

• Some com m on nouns th a t form nouns in the same way as frie n d are: com panion, p a rtn e r and relation.

• Some nouns fo rm nouns in - ship w ith a d iffe re n t m eaning: cham pion, sch olar and sponsor.

[ J I J J 3 When you are asked to com plete a sentence w ith a suitable w ord d erivin g from a given root, read

the sentence ca re fully to decide: 1) w ha t p art o f speech the m issing w ord is (noun, verb, adjective or adverb), 2) if the m issing w ord has the same m eaning as the given ro o t (e.g success-successful) o r the opposite m eaning (e.g success-unsuccessful)

unit 0 2

C o m p le te th e sentences w ith th e c o rre c t fo r m of th e w o rd s in c ap itals.

1 The to p m odel w a s beautifully _ dressed in an elegant evening gown

2 My street i s _ peaceful because it ’s far from any main roads

3 Our fo o tb a ll team won the championship at the end o f the season and received

_ sponsorship _ from a large company

4 There are thousands o f _homeless people sleeping in the streets

5 I b ou gh t a colourful

6 I was fined because I was d riving

7 The directions you gave us were rather

8 I am feeling q u i t e sleepy

dress but its colours faded afte r I washed it

carelessly unhelpful _ as we still got lost

9 I g o t into a b u s in e s s

being unsuccessful

partnership

because I d id n ’t get enough sleep last night

w ith my cousin but it ended up

10 The m usical perform ance was so

the orchestra a standing ovation

powerful th a t the audience gave

11 The w itness’ sta te m e nt d id n ’t help the police in the investigation, so it proved to

be valueless

12 The man was found guilty _ o f s h o p liftin g and sentenced

to one m onth in prison

13 He has successfully com pleted his postgraduate studies

14 The new lazer tre a tm e n t can e xtra ct teeth painlessly

15 It’s ju s t a harmless dog There is no need to panic.

BEAUTY PEACE CHAMPION SPONSOR HOME COLOUR CARE HELP SLEEP PARTNER SUCCESS POWER

VALUE GUILT

SUCCESS PAIN HARM

Examination Practice

A R ead th e te x t b e lo w a n d d ec id e w h ic h a n s w e r A, B, C o r D best fits e ach space.

me of m y ve ry firs t perform ance on

A NIGHT AT THE THEATRE

Going to the theatre brings back happy m em ories, as it (1) reminds

stage, (2 ) _ which _ was th irty years ago Parts o f th a t p a rticu la r n ig ht are so vivid th a t I can still picture

m yself as th ou gh it w ere yesterday The excitem ent am ongst the actors, the (3 ) _ audience's applause andthe party afte r the opening n ig h t are m em ories w hich w ill rem ain w ith me fo r (4) _ life

I d on ’t know how we m anaged to do so well The rehearsals were far from sa tisfactory because we th o u g h t th a t

we could ju s t have tw o rehearsals a week (5 ) _ when _ in fa ct we needed more The background

( 6 ) _scenes to the last act w eren’t ready u ntil an hour before the beginning o f the play despite the set

b u ild e r’s best (7 ) _efforts _ The d irector was not satisfied ( 8 ) with a nyth ing and he

d id n ’t even w ant to show up on the firs t night Adm ittedly, I w o u ld n ’t have w anted to either

( 9 ) _ When _ the n ig ht fin a lly arrived, we were all a b it w orried I rem em ber (1 0 ) _

th ro u g h the cu rta in ten m inutes before the s ta rt and being amazed (11) _at _ the

glancing

( 12) _ sight of a fu ll house Finally, it was tim e fo r the cu rta in to go up In the end, we proved the d ire c to r

w rong and e verythin g w ent like clockw ork

unit 0 2

FRIEND RELATION WONDER VALUE

CARE THOUGHT

m

I

DOUBT SENSE

TRUTH

USE

E Complete the text below with the correct form of the words in capitals.

FRIENDS

Many people consider (1) _ friendship _ to be the

m ost im p o rta n t (2 ) relationship th e y can have

It is (3 ) _ wonderful _to have a frie n d you can talk

to and share (4 ) valuable experiences w ith

However, it is im p o rta n t to choose friends

(5) carefully _

An ideal frien d should be ( 6 ) _ thoughtful _

and w hen any d iffic u ltie s arise, h op efu lly be there fo r us

Of course, there w ill be tim es w hen we m ig h t be(7 ) doubtful _ of o ur friends But, we shouldalways ta lk things th ro ug h in a ( 8 ) sensible

way and fin d a solution to o ur problem s Moreover,

we should be careful not to be ( 9 ) _ untruthful _

W ith o ut honesty, the bond betw een friends is(1 0 ) _useless and not w o rth a nyth ing at all

A The following expressions include the words day, year and time Complete them with prepositions.

in this day and aae all vear round for a period of tim e sb’s free tim eday by/after dav vear after year from tim e to tim e in no tim e

at this tim e for the firs t tim e have no tim e f ° r

B Complete the sentences with the collocations / expressions in the box below.

the o the r day all day long call it a day at tim es on tim e

in tim e pass the tim e ahead of its tim e tim e and tim e again fo r the tim e being

1 Despite technical problem s, the flig h t l e f t on tim e

2 We’ll be g ettin g a new p rin te r next m onth So, for the tim e being _ we have to put up w ith this one

3 M ost engineers agreed th a t the ca r’s design w a s _ ahead of its tim e

4 I started a conversation w ith the person sittin g next to me on the bus t o pass the tim e

5 I saw S a lly _ the other day Did you know th a t she had broken her leg?

6 The m atch started at 7 pm and Jack arrived j u s t in tim e _for the kick-off

7 Let’s call it a day _ and go home We’ve been w orking fo r over tw e lve hours w ith o u t a break

8 He keeps m aking the same m istake tim e and tim e again

9 I fin d it ve ry d iffic u lt to agree w ith y o u at times Your view s can som etim es be extrem e

10 I have been s le e p y _all day long today I don ’t know w h a t’s the m atter w ith me.

C Read the sentences and complete them with the correct form of the verbs hold, run, catch or keep.

1 The stu de nt w a s _caught jn th e a ct o f cheating by the examiner.

2 I ju s t need you t o _ keeP an eye on Sam w hile I go out.

3 Jenny w ill c e r ta in ly _ catch _ everyone's a tte n tio n w ith th a t dress she's wearing.

4 Blue eyes and red h a ir run in m y fa m ily Only m y aunt has brow n eyes.

5 When m y g ra nd m o th er was in hospital, I used t o keeP _ h er c o m p a n y in the afternoons

6 M ary is m oving to a no the r city, but we prom ised t o _ keeP _ in to u c h w ith each other

7 Running a business requires m any skills and expertise

8 You can't rely on Roger Actually, he's the kind of person th a t c a n 't _ keeP a prom ise

9 The w inn er o f the m arathon had t o _catch his b re a th before speaking to the jo u rn a list

10 P le a s e _ keeP in m in d th a t sm oking is not allowed in this building.

11 We a l l held o u r b re a th when the w in n e r o f the co m p e titio n was being announced

12 As I was running t o _ catch _ th e bus, I slipped and fell.

13 Can y o u _ keeP _ a secret? Jane is organising a surprise p a rty fo r Kevin’s b irthday!

14 The c h ild re n held hands w hile w alking down the street.

1 We looked after Ben’s house w hile he was on holiday.

2 We are all looking forward to the opening game o f the season.

3 The a uth o ritie s prom ised to look into the claim s o f c o rru p tio n

4 I looked over yo ur essay and can suggest some im provem ents.

5 Look out! The pavem ent is broken and you m ig ht trip.

5 Look up the m eaning of the w ord in the dictionary.

7 John looks down on people w ho aren’t as rich as he is.

3 Children often look up to sports heroes.

7

8

5

1 2346

have a poor opinion of respect, admirewarn somebody about potential danger take care of

expect sth pleasant to happeninvestigate

inspect quicklytry to find in a book or list

B CHECK, WATCH, SHOW

1 We were to ld to check in at the a irp o rt as early as possible

2 Guests are kind ly rem inded to check out by 12 o’clock

3 The to u ris ts were to ld to watch out for pickpockets

4 The older children were to ld to watch over the yo un ge r ones

5 The man was showing off his new sports car to his friends

6 Everybody showed up at the p a rty on Saturday night

34

6

125

be careful aboutcare for sb or sth, especially because it

is your responsibility arrive, appearreport one’s arrival at a hotel/airport etc pay the bill and leave (a hotel/clinic etc.) try to make people notice and admire

Words with Prepositions

A Complete the blanks with prepositions.

be familiar with sth (=know well) (feel) sympathy for

imoressed by/with interested in

brief experience)

a taste ^orkeen on

known as (=reaarded)

Dleased w 'th rude to

ty p ic a l of

(= liking, preference)

B Read the following sentences and complete them with prepositions.

1 Did vou know about the surprise party?

2 Are you familiar with

3 Do you like the taste.

Verbs

fill sth _ else

with sth

ininvolve _ know about sth(=have knowledge of)

the com pany's no sm oking policy?

of red w ine m ore than th a t of w hite wine?

4 He is feared by everyone in the area He's known as ‘The Cleaner'

5 I'm really keen on the idea of spending m y holiday on an island in the M editerranean

to me Have we been here before?

unit 0 3

6 This village looks fam iliar.

7 A rise in in fla tio n w ould have negative consequences fo r the c o u n try ’s economy

8 I d id n ’t like olive oil but I’ve developed a taste for it now th a t I’m livin g in Spain

Grammar Revision (Adverbs - Comparisons - Articles - Uncountables)

See Grammar R eview page 150 ^

A Read the text below and complete each blank with one word.

Gianni Versace was one of the (1) most _ successful fashion designers (2 ) _ of/in

the 1980s and 1990s He was born in 1946, in Reggio, a (3) v e r y / r a t h e r small tow n in Italy, where he learnthow to make clothes In (4) _ the _beginning, he sold his clothes to (5) a

m anufacturer in Milan, but he was not as popular then ( 6 ) _ as he was in later years Very quickly hedeveloped a personal style, which made him famous He used bright colours and, over time, his clothes became more and

(7 ) _ more _ extravagant The more successful his collections were, the ( 8 ) _m o r e histalent was acknowledged Celebrities ( 9 ) [ike _ Princess Diana and Elton John loved his style Versacealso paid the (10), same attention to his surroundings (11) _ as he did to hisclothes and spent (12)

(13) _ one

lots of m oney on art and expensive furniture Versace’s fame, however, is just

side of this story of style, which ended suddenly w ith his death (14) _ in the sum m er of 1997 Some fashion critics have described his clothes (15) _ £5 _ “fabulous rubbish” and

criticised him for using cheap materials Nevertheless, he has to be seen as one of the m ost influential designers of his

generation

B Choose A , B, C or D to complete the following dialogue.

Jim: Have you made up your mind about w here to go on holiday?

Mike: I've narrowed down my choices to tw o (1) rather large countries, France and

Mexico What do you think?

Jim: Well, France is one of (2) the largest countries in Europe Did you know it's tw ice

(3) as big as the UK? Since you've got e ight weeks off (4) — work,

you could go on a cycling to u r of the country

Mike: I'd like to visit (5) the Alps and M ont Blanc, which is (6) higher than any o ther m ountain in Western Europe I suppose I could also go on long walks in the country, as the clim ate there is sim ilar (7) to th at in Britain

Jim: Really? I th ink it's (8) much warmer

Especially on the Riviera, the M editerranean in 1 (A ) rather B m ost C far D too

w in te r is (9) the same tem perature as the 2 A larger B largest C the larger ( D ith e largestBritish coastal w aters are in summ er! I 3 A bigger than B as big as C so big as D as bigger thancan really picture you, tanned and 4 A a B the C some

® relaxed, tasting delicious local specialities 5 A an B jth e C some D -

-(10) like Cam em bert cheese, froas' 6 (^ jh ig h e r B highest C the higher D the highest

Mike: Come on, th at sounds disgusting! 8 A more B m ost ('C)m uch D quite

Jim: ADoarentlv thev taste (11) far better 9 A the same B same C sim ilar D the sim ilar

Mike: I don't know I'd rather go to Mexico and eat 11 A p re tty © f a r C the D m ore

to rtilla s and chilli every day!

The train is cheaper than the plane /

7 he train is cheaper from the

plane.—-Your story is funnier than mine /

Your story is more amusing than mine /

: out story ic more funnier than mine

-Your house is as big as mine /

ioiir house is as bigger as mine

-(as + positive degree + as)

The children were very excited about the trip.

(positive meaning)

The children were too excited about the trip.

(negative meaning - excessively)

Lisa is a very / pretty / rather careful driver.

(a/an + very/pretty/rather + positive degree of ad] + noun)

Lisa is quite a careful driver.

(quite + a/an + positive degree ofadj + noun)

Lisa drives very / pretty / quite / rather carefully.

(very /pretty /quite/rather + positive degree of adv)

Lisa is rather / much / a little / a bit / a lot / far more

careful than Tim /

Lisa drives rather / much / a little / a bit / a lot / far more

carefully than Tim /

Lisa ie very/ pretty/ quite more careful than Tim

Lisa drives very / pretty / quite moro carefully than Tim

-(rather /much /a little/a bit/a lot/far+comparative degree ofadj /adv)

<9 Mary is the tallest girl in her class /

(the+superlative, for several people /things)

Both Mary and Sheila are tall, but Mary is the taller

of the tw o./

(the + comparative, for only two people / things)

Both-Mary and Sheila are-tall, but Mary is the - taUost of the two:—-

© That's my elder / eldest brother /

(only for brothers, sisters, sons, daughters)

That's my older / oldest brother /

My brother is a year older than me / (older + than)

Myfarother-is-a year elder than-me

(no than after elder)

© He spoke like a lawyer / (= as if he were a lawyer; he isn't)

He spoke as a lawyer / (= he is a lawyer)

He spoke as he was advised to (as + clause)

He-spoke-liko h o was adviseerte

© John gave me some important information /

Johagave me somo important informations

(Uncountable nouns have no plural forms.)

John gave mo an important information — John gave me an important piece of information /

(No a /an immediately before uncountable nouns.)

© The news was really shocking / T-he-naws were reaHy-sheek-mg.

(Uncountable nouns go with singular verbs.)

Key Transformations

6 Fiona is taller than Gina.

Gina is shorter than Fiona.

Gina is not as tall as Fiona.

© Andrew smokes more than John.

John smokes less than Andrew.

John does not smoke as much as Andrew.

John is not such a heavy smoker as Andrew.

John is not so/as heavy a smoker as Andrew.

& This is the fastest car I have ever driven.

I have never driven such a fast car.

I have never driven a faster car than this (one).

I have never driven a car as fast as this (one).

None of the cars I have driven is/are faster than this (one)

None of the cars I have driven is/are as fast as this (one).

© She is the worst singer I know.

She is / sings worse than any (other) singer I know.

No other singer I know is as bad as her / she is.

No other singer I know sings as badly as her / she does.

© The atmosphere is becoming more polluted by the day The atmosphere is becoming more and more polluted.

© His behaviour is becoming more sensible as he gets older The older he gets, the more sensible his behaviour becomes.

The older he gets, the more sensibly he behaves.

& He hasn't got much furniture in his new flat.

He has got very little furniture in his new flat.

He has got very few pieces of furniture in his new flat.

& George is not usually late.

It is not typical of George to be late.

It is not like George to be late.

© Your bicycle looks exactly like mine.

Your bicycle is exactly the same as mine.

Your bicycle is identical to mine.

unit 0 3

Examination Practice

A Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space Use only one word in each space.

A TALENT FOR LYING

A lth ou g h we are all natural born liars, m ost o f us seem to take it fo r granted th a t lying

(1 ) is bad However, psychologists argue th a t lying is ju st

(2 ) as im p o rta n t as any o ther social skill we possess

We learn (3 ) _ the a rt of deception ve ry early in life; by the age of

five, we have not o nly becom e quite e ffic ie n t at lying, but we have also learnt how to read people's

reactions and act accordingly

(4 ) _ For example, if som eone is avoiding d ire ct eye c o nta ct w ith us, this makes us th in k th a t w e’rebeing lied to so we m ig h t lie, too A person's sm ile is also (5) a giveaway A genuine sm ile makesthe skin near the eyes crease, whereas a "p ut on” sm ile doesn't have the (6 ) same _ e ffe ct on the facialfeatures (7 ) as a real one

Even th ou gh both w om en and men know how to watch ( 8 ) _ out fo r clues th a t som ebody is lying, it

is a fa ct th a t w om en are ( 9 ) _far/much _ m ore skilful liars (10) _ than _ men Despite this,

w om en are also m ore affected by o the r people's feelings, so th ey have m ore sym pathy (11) for them

As a result, w om en tend to be (12) more _ w illin g to have an honest conversation

B C o m p le te th e s e c o n d s e n te n c e so t h a t i t h a s a s im ila r m e a n in g to th e f i r s t s e n te n c e , u s in g th e w o r d g iv e n

u n c h a n g e d Y o u m u s t u s e b e tw e e n tw o a n d f iv e w o rd s , in c lu d in g th e w o r d g iv e n

1 Sarah is a b etter sw im m er than Jessica

sw im Jessica doesn’t swim as well as _ Sarah

2 Mark and Tony are equally tall

h e ig h t Mark is _ the same height as _ jo n y

3 Jane is m ore enthusiastic about sports than Brendan is

keen Brendan isn’t _ as keen on sports as Jane is

4 The baby’s te m p era ture kept rising, so we to o k him to hospital

h ig h e r The baby’s tem p era ture w a s _ getting higher and higher _ so we hjm t0

hospital

5 Patrick doesn’t usually fo rg e t his appointm ents

like It is _ not like Patrick to forget _ his appointm ents

6 As it g o t darker, we had m ore d iffic u lty seeing

h a rd e r The d a rk e r it got, the harder it was fo r us to see

7 Daniel is the w o rst cook I’ve ever known

co o k None o f the people I k n o w cook as badly as Daniel

8 I co u ld n ’t find a bigger house in the area

th e This w a s the biggest house I could fin d in the area

9 The ch ild re n ’s perform ance made q uite an im pression on us

ra th e r We w e re _ rather impressed by _the ch ild re n ’s perform ance

10 Jerem y doesn’t run as fast as Jonathan

so Jerem y is n o t so fast a runner as Jonathan

unit 0 3

.Vords easily confused

: the correct form of the w ords in the boxes to complete the sentences in each group A-H below You may

t ■ e som e of the w ords m ore than once In some cases, more than one w ord may be correct.

rise raise arise lift

arise we'll o rder m ore food fo r the extra guests.

raised _enough m oney to build a shelter fo r the refugees

in the East and sets in the West

at seven every weekday to get ready fo r school

the table so th at I can slide the rug underneath?

grow g ro w up bring up (be) born become

, 1i r .■ , , ,n I, I -.nil, , ir 1ir- - r - r- L- r , ■ - , - - , - , - - ^ 5 ^ ^ ^ ^

1 i the last six m onths Joe h a s _grown _ ta lle r by 15 centim etres

; Vhen Brett w a s _ born , he w eighed 3.8 kilogram s

3 Most parents have fond m em ories of the years they w e re _bringing up th e ir children

* When Je a n grows up , she w ants t o become _a m echanical engineer

educate learn teach s tu d y read in s tru c t

1 I a lw a ys read _ a book ju s t before I go to sleep

2 John w a s educated in France, so his French is very good

3 Michelle w orks in the g y m _ instructing people how to use the equ ip m en t properly

4 In my final year I had t o study at least fo u r hours every day t o _learn _

everythin g th a t was required fo r the exams

5 I teach Physics and Maths at the local high school

6 The e x a m in e r _ instructed us to pick up o ur pens once we h a d _ read _ the questionscarefully

1 1 behaviour a ttitu d e te m p e r m ood m anner m anners

1 My parents had to see the headm aster because of m y b a d _ behaviour in class

2 A fter the argum ent, Jake was in a b a d _m ood _ and w o u ld n 't speak to anyone

3 If Betty wants to keep her job, she m ust change h e r _ attitude _ tow ards her boss

4 Where did you learn such excellent ta b le manners _ ?

unit 0 3

5 The children like him because o f his g e n tle manner

6 C liff is so calm th a t I have never seen him lose h is tem per

7 What you're saying should be done in a p ro fe s s io n a l manner

E fa m ilia r accustom ed aware

1 I hope y o u 're _ aware _ o f the dangers involved in rock clim bing

2 Is anyone in this c la s s ro o m fam iliar w ith the w ord "incubator"?

3 That w om an lo o k s fam iliar to me I'm sure I've seen her before

4 Paul is feeling tired because he's n o t accustomed to w orking fo r so long w ith o u t a break

r custom habit fashion trend rou tine

1 Going to w ork has becom e a d a ily routine fo r m ost people

2 The g e n e ra l _trend _ fo r men in the 1970s was to have long hair and sideburns

3 In m any countries it is t h e custom to roast tu rke y fo r Christmas

4 Sandra has the b a d _ habit _ of b itin g her nails

5 S lightly flared trousers are in fashion this year so m any people are w earing them

6 If you go shopping, d e fin ite ly go to Blare's They’ve g o t all the la te s t fashions

G com m on o rd in a ry usual norm al regular

1 It is n o r m a l to feel weak w hen you are ill, even if y o u ’ve ju s t got a _c o m m o n _co |<j

2 Regular exercise means w orking o u t fo r one hour at least tw ice a week

3 It was a (n ) o r d i n a r y weekend We w en t to the cinema on Saturday evening and fo r a drive on Sunday

m orning, a s _u s u a l _

4 I get on ve ry w ell w ith m y frien ds because we have m any th ing s in _c o m m o n

H eager keen enthusiastic interested w illin g

1 I a m willing to help you w ith yo ur hom ew ork if you make an e ffort

2 He's re a lly keen _on heavy m etal music That's all he listens to

3 Please sit dow n as I'm _ea9er _ to s ta rt the m eeting

4 Billy is a(n) enthusiastic / keen tennis player, so he plays tennis every afternoon

5 Sheila is interested jn taking up gardening this spring

6 We w e re enthusiastic about going to Ireland fo r Christmas

unit 0 3

jTB

In this unit we will deal with more nouns, adjectives and adverbs deriving from nouns.

Referring to a person These nouns describe the state o r period of being w hat

the noun roo t refers to

• Some othe r com m on nouns th a t fo rm nouns in the same way are: child, man, m other, p a re n t and woman.

• Pay a tte n tio n to the fo llo w in g: n e ig h b o u r n e ig h b o u rh o o d

• Some o ther com m on nouns th a t fo rm adjectives and adverbs in the same way are: accident, addition, em otion,

• Note the changes in spelling:

• Some o the r com m on nouns th a t fo rm adjectives and adverbs in the same way are: ease, fun, health, noise

and s/eep

• Pay a tte n tio n to the fo llo w in g nouns th a t fo rm only adjectives: cloud, d irt, hair, rain, risk, snow, sun, wealth

and worth.

• Note the changes in spelling: anger a n g ry a n g rily h u n g e r h u n g ry h u n g rily

Referring to a q uality or characteristic Having the q uality or characteristic of the noun root

• Some o the r com m on nouns th a t fo rm nouns in the same way are: adventure, fame, hum our, nerveand

poison.

• Some nouns ending in -ion fo rm adjectives in -ious:

• Some nouns ending in -e fo rm adjectives in -eous: advantage advantageous courage courageous

• Note the fo llo w in g irregularities: a n xie ty anxious n u m b e r num erous p ric e + precious

• Some o the r com m on nouns th a t fo rm (both) adjectives and adverbs are: m onth, m other, w o rld and year,

He gets p a id m onthly, (adverb)

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the w ords in capitals.

1 Four people died in a fatal a c c id e n t due to the icy

road conditions Local residents are angry because numerous

accidents have occurred there and no measures have been taken yet

2 If you r e q u ir e additional _ inform a tion , do n o t hesitate to co nta ct me

3 I woke up this m ornin g feeling happy because it was a delightful _

sunr|y _ day I realised th a t the m is e ra b le _ rainy _ days were

over and t h a t luckily _ sum m er was ju s t around the corner

I get p a id _m onthly , w hich puts a lo t of pressure on m e financially at

the end of the m onth I am

tim e

hopeless

daily

5 Phil crosses the main road on a _

c ro s s cautiously _by looking both ways

at c o n tro llin g m y m oney over a long period of

_basis to get to school He does, however,

ADDITION DELIGHT SUN, RAIN LUCK MONTH, FINAI HOPE

DAY CAUTION PARENT CHILD FRIEND INTENTION ADVENTURE POISON

Examination Practice

A Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.

THE ART OF BEING A PARENT

In order to (1) _ bring up _ children, many qualities are required As well as the (2 ) _ usual

requirem ents such as love, patience and understanding, a sense of hum our is an im p orta nt feature of any parent's

personality (3 ) _In fact , it's quite an a rt to transform a child's bad mood into ( 4 ) _ behaviour everyone in the fa m ily can live w ith

A nother aspect o f child rearing is teaching children lim its and rules This means the child needs to be

(5 ) aware of w hat his or her rights are and w hat other people's are, too Setting lim its on children m ust

occur on a daily basis Tem porary measures don't achieve anything but ju st waste time A (6) comm on _mistake, however, is being (7 ) _ f^ I _s tricte r than necessary Parents m ust be ( 8 ) willing

to allow th eir children the o p p o rtu n ity to explore and learn ( 9 ) _ from _experience.

What's more, m ost parents m ust know the im portance of (10 ) routine as it gets children used to certain everyday activities For instance, eating at the same tim e (11) ^ th eir parents gets them into the habi

o f sitting at a table and (12) _ teaches them how to conduct them selves properly.

Overall, child rearing is no easy task but it is certainly a challenge and a learning experience

7 A v e r y ( j ) far C q u ite D fa irly

8 A k een B e a g e r C in te re ste d D w illin g

Arthritis is a general term for aches and pains in the body's joints

Most types of arthritis involve the deterioration of cartilage, which

is an (1) _ essential material covering the ends of the bones in the joint When the (2 ) healthy cartilage wears out, it becomes rough and this causes pain when the joint moves This condition is more common among the elderly, but some people can be sufferers from (3) _childhood _

Apart from (4 ) _traditional _painkillers, little or no treatment is available However, (5) ambitious _

scientists have designed (6) _ artificial joints that can replace the ( 7 ) painful , worn-out ones These

n ew jo in ts c o u ld p ro v e v e r y ( 8 ) beneficial to a rth ritis

su ffe re rs A lth o u g h s o m e b e lie v e th at jo in t re p la c e m e n t m a y be (9 ) C0St|V _ n u m e ro u s p a tie n ts a re

(1 0 ) an xio u sly w aitin g fo r th is m e d ica l

ESSENCE HEALTH

CHILD TRADITION AMBITION ARTIFICE PAIN BENEFIT

COST ANXIOUS

b re a k th ro u g h

Prepositional Phrases

A Complete the blanks with the prepositions in, on, at, for or by.

foratinonforon

hire/re ntleastthe firs t place schedule

a change the move

forbyonbyinat

sure/certain post/air mail

an excursion accident

o the r w ords once

oninonforonin

board short one's own instance

a trip /to u r private

ininbybyin

publiccashchancecheque

Read the sentences and complete them with the prepositions in, on, at, under or without.

All assignm ents are due to m o rro w w itho ut f a j|

A co m p ute r chooses the lo tte ry n u m b e rs _at _ random.

Our house has b e e n 5D _ the m arket fo r over tw o m onths but we haven’t been able to sell it yet.

Everyone w a s _in _ a state o f shock a fte r the devastating news.

I w a s _ at _a |Qss fo r w ords w hen I was to ld I had won the prize.

The roadw orks in progress are responsible fo r the tra ffic jams.

I can't go o u t to n ig h t I'm feeling a b it under the weather.

The train is _ in _ sight It w ill be p ulling in any m inute now.

age.

Dianne was refused e n try to the club because she w a s _ under

Final - year students are under a lo t o f pressure to pass th e ir exams.

I have b ou gh t this gym e q u ip m e n t 21! approval I can retu rn it w ith in fifte e n days.

My b ro th e r fa in ts _ §t _ the sight of blood.

My w ife isn’t here at the m om ent because she’s away on business.

C Complete the sentences with the prepositional phrases in the box below.

at a glance on the road in o rder fo r g ranted in com m on

on a rrival at heart in some respects

A lth ou g h he seems rath er a b ru p t at tim es, he is v e ry k in d _ at heart

You should not take i t for granted th a t yo ur parents w ill always su p p o rt you

E verything w a s ln order _ anc| ready to be inspected

th e earthquake doesn't seem to have caused any serious damage

We w e re on the road fo r tw o days before we reached our destination

_On arrival _ at the train station, they w en t s tra ig h t to the platform

Even though I d o n 't agree w ith yo u r overall argum ent, I do agree w ith you in some respects

My b ro the r and I d o n ’t have a n y th in g in common

P*ad the sentences on the left and match the phrasal verbs with their definitions on the right by writing the

cr rrect number in the box next to each definition.

unit 0 4

A KEEP, HOLD, CATCH

9 rob

The governm ent kept back vita l in fo rm a tio n concerning the oil spill.

■y 5katers were warned to keep off the th in ice. 7 prevent fro m being taken away

'n e students kept on w orking hard despite the te rrib le heat. 5 m aintain

4 •Ve were told to keep out of the abandoned house. 1 reserve, not reveal

s 'e d , you got an A in yo ur Biology test Keep up the good w ork! 10 reach

i Hold on! I’ll ju s t get my jacket and we can leave. 2 stay off, not approach

Despite his financial problem s, he m anaged to hold on to his fortune.

B Even though he was injured durin g the race, he still managed

c

CARRY, WEAR, WORK, MOVE

It was im possible fo r Alison to carry on w orking afte r receiving

2 Recent studies carried out by the g o ve rn m e nt show th a t m ore and 1 continue

more people are relying on the state health system 6 fin d a solution, discover

3 The fans g o t carried away durin g the co nce rt and clim bed onto the stage. 9 stop living in

4 The tyres of my car have worn out 1 m ust get new ones. 3 over-excited

5 m too worn out to go anyw here to n ig h t. 7 take p art in physical exercise

6 Scientists still haven’t worked out w hat caused the death of the animals. 2 perform , conduct

Working out on a regular basis reduces the risk of heart disease.

5 tired

8 1 to ok a week o ff w ork in o rder to move into my new home.

becom e thin, weak o r unsuitabl4

9 My landlord w o n 't renew m y c o n tra c t so 1 have to move out by fo r fu rth e r use

the end of the m onth

Words with Prepositions

A Complete the blanks with prepositions.

bad at a connection between/with arrive at a buildinq

d ifferen t from /to a lacki i ° f d iffe r from

full of a reduction divide sth between/ amona people (=aive each a share of sth), - .»

B Read the following sentences and complete them with prepositions.

1 Can you please translate this d ocu m e nt from French into English?

2 They arrived at the hotel a fte r m idnight

3 The lack of m edical supplies made the d o c to rs 'ta s k even m ore d iffic u lt

between/

4 The thieves divided the loo t among them selves

5 He's ve ry generous w ith his m oney and supports various charities

6 The teacher divided the class into fo u r groups fo r the role-play

7 The m anager is v e ry generous to all his staff, regardless o f th e ir position in the company

8 We arrived in F rankfurt in the afternoon and looked fo r a hotel straightaway

unit 0 4

See Grammar Review page 152

A Read the following text and complete each blank with one word.

Very ( 1 ) _ few people know the real insp ira tion fo r cubism , the m ost im p o rta n t a rt m ovem ent

of the 2 0th century A lm ost ( 2 ) _ everyone _ seems to believe th a t cubism was created by Pablo

Picasso and Georges Braque, w ho were ( 3 ) both _ painters However, ( 4 ) _ nothing can be fu rth e r from the tru th In the late 19th ce ntu ry a no the r French painter, Paul Cezanne, painted a

( 5 ) _lot of landscapes, ( 6 ) all/some/many of w hich g re atly influenced Braque

and Picasso ( 7 ) Neither o f these tw o painters ever trie d to hide this fact Yet, in the past, alm ost( 8 ) _ every _ book about cubism tended to concentrate o nly on Picasso’s and Braque's achievem ents, no

m aking ( 9 ) any reference to Cezanne's influence Over the years ( 1 0 ) some _

a uthors have tried to co rrect this inaccuracy, b u t to (11) little _ effect; m ost people know ve ry(12 ) little _ a bo ut Cezanne himself, let alone his w ork Nowadays, however,

(13 ) nobody can dispute ( 1 4 ) either _ Cezanne's influence on early cubism o r the

im p orta nce o f this a rt m ovem ent

B Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences.

1 This film w ill be ve ry p opular a m o n g those w ho enjoy science fictio n

2 F o rtu n a te ly, none of the guests were injured w hen the fire broke o u t at the hotel

A none (ji)n o n e of C no one D no one of

3 You needn’t buy m ore m ilk because th e re 's [ots in the fridge

4 Neither the students nor the teachers were happy w ith the educational reform s

A Either B Either o f ( ^ N e it h e r D N either of

5 Each _ of the m em bers of the co m m itte e came up w ith a d iffe re n t proposal

6 We’ve o nly g o t _ a little _ tim e left H urry up!

A little ( i ) a little C few Da few

7 It to o k Henry a (n ) _ whole _day to clear o ut the attic

8 Each one _ of the tw o g irls was given a bicycle as a Christm as present

Grammar Revision (Determiners - Pronouns)

There isn’t anything else I can do S

There is nothing else I can do /

noro-isn’t nothing else I can do —

The baby climbed the stairs without any difficulty /

The baby climbed the stairs with no difficulty /

The baby climbed tho otairo without no difficulty.—

• There isn’t much milk left in the fridge /

There isn’t many milk loft in the 'fridge.-

There is (a) little milk left in the fridge S

There is (a) few milk loft in thofridge -

(much, (a) little + uncountable nouns)

- There aren’t many strawberries left in the fridge /

Ther&aron’t much strawberries left in the fridge -

There are (a) few strawberries left in the fridge /

There are (a) littlo strawberries left-m the fridge -

(many, (a) few + countable nouns)

- There is lots / a lot / plenty of information on volcanoes

in this book.

There are lots /a lot /plenty of toys in the garden,

children.

(lots of, a lo t of, p le n ty o f + countable and uncountable nouns)

€ Both of these books are interesting /

Both of those books is interesting —

Either book is interesting / Either of these books is/are interesting / Neither book is interesting /

Neither of these books is/are interesting / None of these books is/are interesting /

(both + p lu ra l verb, either/neither+ singular verb, either of/neither of/none o f +singular o r p lu ra l verb)

You can go to the beach both by bus and by train / You can go to the beach either by bus or by train / Youcan go to tho boach-and by bus and-bytfamr-

He can’t sing and he can’t dance either /

He can’t sing or dance (either) /

He can neither sing nor dance / Hecan’t noithcr-smg-nordanee:

He can noithor cing or danec.-

We were studying all morning /

We spent the whole morning studying /

We-spetrtthe-alhaerfflngstudyffigr-Key Transformations

6 There weren’t a lot of things to see in the gallery.

There wasn’t much to see in the gallery.

There was little to see in the gallery.

& Most students didn’t go to the demonstration.

(Very) few (of the) students went to the demonstration

Hardly anyone went to the demonstration.

Hardly any (of the) students went to the demonstration.

Both Jim and Jack like playing tennis.

Jim likes playing tennis and Jack does, too.

Jim likes playing tennis and so does Jack.

Both Jim and Jack dislike football.

Neither Jim nor Jack like(s) football.

Jim doesn’t like football and Jack doesn’t (like it) either, j Jim doesn’t like football and neither/nor does Jack.

unit 0 4

Examination Practice

A R e a d th e t e x t b e lo w a n d t h i n k o f th e w o r d w h ic h b e s t f it s e a c h s p ace U se o n ly o n e w o r d in e a c h space

® S J J 7 ler T )

To have an allergy means th a t a person is affected either by a substance in the atm osphere

(1) or by some sort of food (2 ) These _days a lot of

people suffer from one kind of allergy o r another

So, w hat can people do to fig h t allergies? If som eone is allergic to chocolate, fo r instance,

the sim plest ( 3 ) thing _ to do w ould be to avoid eating any chocolate If,

on the (4 ) other _ hand, the allergic reaction is caused by

(5 ) something unknow n or d iffic u lt to avoid, then the o nly so lu tion is

prescribed m edication

The chances of (6 ) _ someone _ having an allergy are bound to be great if allergies (7 ) run ithe fam ily In o the r words, if one parent suffers from allergies, the child has a th irty percent chance of being allergic, too I(8 ) both _ parents are affected, the risk doubles

However, there is absolutely (9 ) _ no logical reason to be te rrifie d (10) _ of _ th atpossibility Those w ho suffer can ca rry (11) 2D _ w ith th e ir lives and not let th e ir allergies wear themout They shouldn’t feel d iffe re n t (12) _ from _everyone else

B C o m p le te th e s e c o n d s e n te n c e s o t h a t i t h a s a s im ila r m e a n in g to th e f i r s t s e n te n c e , u s in g th e w o r d g iv e n

u n c h a n g e d Y o u m u s t u s e b e tw e e n t w o a n d f iv e w o rd s , i n c lu d in g th e w o r d g iv e n

1 The washing m achine is not w orking properly

w ro n g There is something w rong with the washing machine

2 U nfortunately, m ost people d id n ’t have a good tim e at the party

h a rd ly U nfo rtu n a te ly , hardly anyone had _ a good tim e at the party

3 I d id n ’t like a single song from th e ir new CD

none I liked none of the songs _ from th e ir new CD

4 I’m p re tty sure th a t M ary doesn’t like jazz music and Susan doesn’t either

d is lik e I’m p re tty sure t h a t both Mary and Susan dislike _ jazz music

5 There isn’t enough petrol on the m arket

lack There is _ a lack of petrol _ on the m arket

6 We realised th a t both cars were expensive

c a r We realised th a t _ neither car was _ cheap

7 There aren’t a lo t o f th ing s to rem em ber from th a t aw ful trip

little T h e re _ is little to remember _ from th a t aw ful trip

8 I’m afraid I can't study both Maths and Physics to n ig h t - ju s t one of the two

o r I’m afraid I c a n _study either Maths or Physics _ to n ig h t - not both

9 They were looking fo r th e ir lost dog all week

th e They s p e n t the whole week _ looking fo r th e ir lost dog

10 The co nce rt was sold o u t tw o weeks in advance

any T h e re _ weren't any tickets (left) _ fo r the co nce rt tw o weeks in advance